Younger Pupils Research Articles

The concept of the aesthetherapy in the artistic-practical competence development of primary school pupils

The article reveals the reasons for the need to include aesthetherapy techniques in the early and primary education of children. It is summarized the range of dangerous factors, which can be prevented grace to the basic level of artistic and practical competence developed in the personality. Aesthetic therapies affect not only the artistic taste of primary school pupils but also their inner world. Having an interest and motivation for artistic and practical activities, children dedicate their free time to useful activities. The obtained positive results (products, paintings, illustrations, decor) bring positive emotions, give a feeling of happiness, which eliminates depressive states caused by various reasons. Younger pupils and children of early adolescence due to acceleration get inappropriate information to their age. They perceive it warped, which causes negative mental and physical consequences: suicidal thoughts (sometimes even attempts), perverted pedophiles, or homosexual actions, underestimation and self-esteem, depression. To create a child's social norms and moral values, it is necessary from an early age to engage pupils in aesthetic education and training. If necessary, apply aesthetic therapy techniques to overcome the consequences of the lack of a basic level of artistic and practical competence and aesthetic and cultural vision and perception of themselves and their environment. The article describes the effectiveness of the use of art therapy in the development of the artistic and practical competence of pupils. The urgency of using art as an instrument of positive influence on the consciousness of a child is emphasized. The priority directions of further scientific and practical developments on the possibility of aesthetic therapy in work with adolescents and adults are determined.

Variability of specific lettering errors in younger pupils

Variability of specific lettering errors in younger pupils

Influence of interpersonal relationships on acquaintance with digital technologies

The article analyzes features of a modern family and shows the role of parent-child relations in the formation of the "I" image of a younger pupil; relationship between the peculiarities of parent-child relations and the degree of exposure of primary school children to the computer game reality is revealed. The thesis is substantiated that a certain type of upbringing, peculiarities of interaction with a child in a family provoke an excessive enthusiasm for computer games in children of primary school age, causing destructive changes in the construction of the "I" image of a younger pupil. The image of the "I" of active users of computer games is characterized by the indefiniteness of descriptions of the physical "I", weak reflection of their own emotional experiences and bodily sensations, unrealistic (overestimated) level claims, inadequate self-esteem. Child-parent relations in families where active and inactive users of computer games are brought up differ in the types of parental attitudes: acceptance, authoritarian hypersocialization, infantilization and symbiosis.

Knowledge, awareness, and attitude regarding infection prevention and control among the undergraduate students in public universities in Bangkok, Thailand

Background: Chain of infection is a process of infection when specific conditions must be reached for microorganisms to spread from a reservoir to a susceptible host. To break the chain of infection, one of the processes must be interrupted. According to my current situation, people around the globe are facing a pandemic (coronavirus disease [COVID-19]). Therefore, it is crucial for the young pupils in the universities to have a competent awareness about infection prevention to prevent and protect themselves from any further spreading of diseases, including COVID-19. Objectives: This study aims to understand, recognize the factors that affect people’s behavior and evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and attitude of undergraduate students to help to improve their practices on infection and prevention control. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a questionnaire. A total of 400 undergraduate students studying in public universities in Bangkok participated. Infection and prevention control-related knowledge, attitudes toward following infection prevention guidelines, attitude toward environmental support, and preventive behaviors were given. Differences between outcomes and sociodemographic were analyzed through independent t-test and the ANOVA. In addition, preventive behaviors were analyzed by a generalized linear model. No human and animals samples have been used in this study; therefore, ethics approval has not been necessitated. Results: The undergraduate students showed a good level of knowledge in infection prevention, at 6.85 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.83) of nine questions. They also had a good level of attitude toward following infection prevention guidelines, at 42.22 (SD = 1.83) of 50 points. For attitude toward environmental support, the participants showed that they were at a good level, with being at 20.58 (SD = 2.85) of 25 points. However, in terms of preventive behavior, the respondents revealed a moderate level, at 34.07 (SD = 4.03) of 47 points. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between attitude toward preventive behavior and preventive behavior (r = 0.551**, P = 0.01) and attitude toward environment support and preventive behavior (r = 0.496**, P = 0.01). From a generalized linear model, knowledge about infection prevention (Exp (B) = 0.063, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.049–0.510, P < 0.05), attitude toward preventive behavior (Exp (B) = 0.451, 95% CI: 0.189–0.375, P < 0.05), and attitude toward environmental (Exp (B) = 0.346, 95% CI: 0.506–0.839, P < 0.05) support can predict the preventive behavior adoption. Conclusion: The students showed a good level of infection prevention knowledge, attitude toward following infection prevention, and attitude toward environmental support, only in preventive behavior at a moderate level.

Development of young pupils’ physical qualities on the systematic approach basis in the physical education process

Development of young pupils’ physical qualities on the systematic approach basis in the physical education process

Organization of group work at informatics lessons in primary school

The use of group forms of work in organizing the educational process at school has great potential for the formation of motivation to study, the development of reflexive skills, the acquisition of subject knowledge, the formation of communication skills. The novelty of the social situation of education at school for a younger pupil, his age, the specificity of the subject "Informatics" determine a number of features of the use of group forms of education in primary school. Among such features, the authors consider the need to create situations of the need for the use of knowledge in informatics in solving various educational and life tasks, ensuring the competitive nature of group work, dividing group members by roles, creating conditions for gaining experience in reflexive activity.

Modular Science Kit as a support platform for STEM learning in primary and secondary school.

The need to develop interest in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) skills in young pupils has driven many educational systems to include STEM as a subject in primary schools. In this work, a science kit aimed at children from 8 to 14 years old is presented as a support platform for an innovative and stimulating approach to STEM learning. The peculiar design of the kit, based on modular components, is aimed to help develop a multitude of skills in the young students, dividing the learning process into two phases. During phase 1 the pupils build the experimental setup and visualize the scientific phenomena, while in phase 2, they are introduced and challenged to understand the principles on which these phenomena are based, guided by a handbook. This approach aims at making the experience more inclusive, stimulating the interest and passion of the pupils for scientific subjects.

Fairy-tale therapy as a way to combat phobias

The article considers the fairy-tale therapy as one of the most effective methods to combat phobias and anxiety in primary school age. The author analyses the main aspects of the fairy-tale work, studies its forms, provides examples of creative thinking of primary school pupils, helping to overcome fear and anxiety. Connecting the mind and imagination of a younger schoolboy, the fairy tale helps him find ways and ways to get rid of phobias, aggression and anxiety. The article considers the fairy tale as a tool that presents algorithms for solving specific problems or conflict situations, the consequences of circumstances with a concentrated component of low-frequency emotions, as well as a way to give strength to further fight against fears or even annihilating them. The paper also reviews four types of fairy tales used in therapeutic activities with younger pupils, which have a different mechanism of psychological influence.

Розвиток сенсорно-перцептивних процесів психіки в умовах норми та органічної патології (ДЦП)

Актуальність проблеми вивчення сенсорно-пер-цептивних процесів психіки зумовлена необхідні-стю пошуку шляхів стимулювання активності дітейу сучасних умовах буття, а також удосконалення діа-гностики та корекції цих процесів у дітей з особли-вими потребами, як первинних у структурі дефекту. Мета статті полягає в теоретичному вивченніта емпіричному дослідженні особливостей роз-витку сенсорно-перцептивних процесів психікив умовах норми та органічної патології (ДЦП). Наоснові розгляду онтогенетичного аспекту вивченнясенсорно-перцептивних процесів здійснено порів-няльний аналіз їхнього розвитку при органічномуураженні мозку. Визначено, яким чином під впли-вом цих процесів формуються ефекти інших рівнівпсихіки, як змінюється кожний з них і їх взаємодіяв ході психічного розвитку дитини. Представлено результати дослідження такого показника роз-витку сенсорно-перцептивних процесів, як точ-ність виконання окомірних завдань. Аналізуваннякількісних показників вказує на те, що в порівнянніз дошкільним віком точність окоміру в молодшихшколярів підвищується, але характеризуєтьсянестійкістю в залежності від виду завдання. В цьомувіці діти вже здатні встановлювати відношеннярівності та нерівності між об’єктами, але водночаспоказники динаміки поки що не досягають точ-ності, як у дорослих. Окрім достовірних розбіж-ностей у точності окоміру, виявлено більшу неод-норідність групи дітей з церебральним паралічему порівнянні зі здоровими дітьми як у дошкільному,так і молодшому шкільному віці. Це дає підставиприпустити, що розвиток окоміру має індивіду-альні властивості в дітей та пов’язаний із процесомприродного дозрівання. На індивідуальні вимірю-вальні особливості дітей накладаються різнома-нітні порушення сенсорно-перцептивної сфери приДЦП, зокрема, різний ступінь узгодженості роботируки та ока. Висновок. Урахування індивідуальноїспецифіки психічного розвитку дитини щодо спів-відношення узгодженості зорово-рухових функційсприятиме визначенню відповідних засобів корек-ції та створенню оптимальних умов предметної,навчальної та трудової діяльності.

THREE MILLENNIA OF CHINESE POETRY

Abstract Poetry has a history of thousands of years in China and can be said to be the shining jewel in the crown of Chinese literature, occupying a major proportion in her history. Having originated from folk songs, the Chinese poetry has produced a large number of brilliant examples from the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046-771 BC) to the Chunqiu (Spring and Autumn) Period (770-476 BC). China has, since ancient times, maintained a tradition of education in poetry, which is used to educate the people and arouse their intelligence. Through the reading, studying and writing of poetry, it is possible to instruct and cultivate the character of young pupils, as well as to promote children’s creative thinking, logical dialectics and humanistic consciousness. In addition, reciting, learning and writing poetry has the ability to cultivate one’s temperament, allowing people of all social strata, professional occupation and age to cleanse and purify their minds. The realm of poetry has the same effect of calming the soul as religious belief. This article shows the highlights of three millennia of Chinese poetry to the readers or scholars whose native language is not Chinese.

USING THE CUBORO CONSTRUCTOR IN TEACHING YOUNGER PUPILS IN MODELING AT INFORMATICS LESSONS

The article describes the possibilities of using the Cuboro constructor in the process of forming the concepts of model and modeling at informatics lessons in primary school. Definitions of concepts, classification of models on various bases are given. A system of practical design exercises to familiarize younger pupils with full-scale (subject) and information models is presented. The proposed system of exercises is built on the principle from simple to complex: working with ready-made models (assembling a structure according to a sample, image, diagram, table, technical drawing; defining a cube by verbal description, by drawing, by a conventional image; copying a conventional image of a cube and etc.), partially constructed models (performing tasks with redundant or missing data, tasks for finding and eliminating errors; transforming a structure according to specified conditions; searching for errors in the image of cubes; addition, transformation of a graphic model), independent construction of models (creating individually or in groups of functional structures; construction of verbal and sign models in the form of a verbal description; execution of technical drawings without a sample as a result of mental construction; execution according to the scheme of a virtual structure in a computer or mobile application without using real cubes, etc.).

Effect of Genetic-Environmental Interaction on Chinese Childhood Myopia.

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of genetic-environmental interaction on myopia in Chinese children aged 6 to 9 years. Methods Students had the physical examination and were required to provide basic demographic information. Their families were asked to fill in a questionnaire concerning factors related to myopia. Multiple regression analysis was performed, and adjusted risk ratio values were calculated to assess the role between gene and environment. Value of the environmental and genetic index (EGI) was calculated to demonstrate the effect of genetic-environmental interaction on myopia. Results The prevalence of myopia maintained at a high level. EGI was calculated as 0.125 suggesting that genetic factors may play the 12.5% role in the formation of myopia and environmental factors may play a role of 87.5% in the formation of myopia. Conclusions For young pupils aged 6 to 9 years, myopia prevalence maintained at a high level, and duration of homework time and staring at electronic screen were the strongest factors associated with myopia. The calculated value of EGI was low, which suggests that environmental factors may play the leading role in the formation of myopia. A long-term follow-up research to improve the accuracy value of EGI is our next job.

School chair design and key criteria from the users’ point of view

People are becoming increasingly sedentary, including students attending the upper level of primary education. Due to school, young people spend a lot of time sitting in class and at home, which has a negative effect on their health, especially if their work environment, including school furniture, does not meet all the criteria in terms of physiological, psychological, and sociological guidelines for healthy furniture design. Chairs, as school furniture, have been designed according to standards that take into account ergonomic compliance with the body height of pupils. Slovenian classrooms are equipped with standard conventional chairs. In our student-oriented research, we were interested in whether chairs designed according to the standard are suitable for adolescents and what, if any, additional criteria must be met from the users’ point of view. The study included 192 upper level pupils (56.3 % girls and 43.7 % boys), age of 12.4 ± 1.7 years. The research is based on quantitative and qualitative methodology. The descriptive causal non-experimental method was supported by the observation method. The results of the survey show that older students (81.6 %) are of the opinion that they spend more time at school than at home. Due to prolonged sitting, older students (55.3 %) report problems more often than younger ones (28.4 %). Nearly two-thirds of younger students (63.8 %) also believe they sit more in school than at home. The results show that prolonged sitting negatively affects their health or general well-being. Differences between the responses of older and younger pupils are statistically significant both in the opinion expressed regarding the location of sitting (p = 0.010) and in the reporting of problems due to prolonged sitting (p = 0.001). There are no statistically significant differences between the sexes in both groups of older and younger pupils. Pupils sit on hard, uncomfortable, conventional chairs that are not tailored to their needs. They want to use comfortable, soft, swivel chairs with backrests and armrests. The study has shown that, in addition to comfort, school chairs must provide dynamic or active sitting. The present study confirms that static and rigidly shaped school chairs do not offer support for active and restless youth. Therefore, chair design must change to meet the physical, ergonomic, cognitive, and social needs of their users.

TRAINING FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS FOR ECONOMIC UPBRINGING OF PUPILS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES

The paper focuses on one of the issues of training highly qualified specialists of the modern school that is training future primary school teachers for the economic upbringing of younger pupils in the context of globalization processes. The author emphasizes the significant gap between the real state of affairs in general secondary education, higher education institution and today’s challenges, as well as the lack of coordination between them which does not allow one to provide the economic component of professional teacher training. The article aims to justify pedagogical conditions and means ensuring effective training of prospective primary school teachers for economic education of pupils. The systemic-functional method allowed one to identify the areas in the training of prospective primary school teachers for economic education and the systemic-structural method to identify and justify practical recommendations. The study and generalization of pedagogical experience became possible due to the empirical method. Primary school teachers play an essential role in solving this particular issue. Their purposeful training depends on the quality of training and upbringing of young people, as well as full inclusion in life and effective work under modern conditions of social development. Thus, one can conclude that professional training of future primary school teachers is not focused on the development of economic knowledge in younger pupils. In this case, economic self-study presented to younger pupils based on their life experience is likely to have negative results since it does not offer pupils different approaches to solving this or that issue. The introduction of primary school counselling, didactic and economics in the curricula for training future primary school teachers should have a positive impact on their expertise and ability to provide quality education and upbringing of pupils.

OPAŽANJA RODITELJA I UČITELJA O ZASTUPLJENOSTI SADRŽAJA NARODNE TRADICIJE U ŠKOLSKIM AKTIVNOSTIMA UČENIKA MLAĐEG ŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA

Savremeno društvo se nalazi u ekspanziji tehnološkog napretka i vrlo često se tradicionalne vrednosti “ostavljaju po strani” i pored toga što su u nekim oblastima nezamenljive, jer predstavljaju kulturnu baštinu i resurs koji može biti od velike koristi za učenje najmlađih generacija. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se utvrde opažanja roditelja i učitelja o zastupljenosti tradicionalnog narodnog stvaralaštva u školskim aktivnostima učenika mlađeg školskog uzrasta. Uzorak je činilo 71 roditelj učenika mlađeg školskog uzrasta i 51 učitelj. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da postoje razlike u odgovorima roditelja i učitelja u odnosu na opažanja i realizaciju nastave u vezi sa tradicionalnim narodnim stvaralaštvom kroz tri oblasti: 1) Nastavne aktivnosti 2) Vannastavne aktivnosti i 3) Aktivnosti roditelja i učitelja. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na potrebu planskog delovanja relevantnih činilaca po pitanju razvijanja svesti o značaju tradicionalnog narodnog stvaralaštva za savremeno društvo. Zaključujemo da se tradicionalno narodno stvaralašto izučava u okviru redovne nastave i vannastavnih aktivnosti. Postoji potreba da se aktivnosti tradicionalnog narodnog stvaralaštva implementiraju u Školski razvojni plan i druga dokumenta. Uključivanje Saveta roditelja i Učeničkog parlamenta su neke od mogućnosti da se tradicionalnom narodnom stvaralaštvu posveti pažnja, jer je ono značajno za razvoj nacionalnog identiteta dece osnovnoškolskog uzrasta. Poznavajući sopstvenu narodnu tradiciju učenici će poštovati i tradicionalno narodno stvaralaštvo svih naroda.

Graphic map load comparison of two Czech school atlases using edge detection

Abstract. Map complexity has been studied by cartographers for decades. Unfortunately, it is not being systematically measured as an essential map property and used to optimize cartographic products during the map-making process. Therefore, the appropriate load of map content in a map usually remains dependent only on the subjective assessment of the cartographer designing the map.The paper aims to describe and examine newly developed easy-to-use metric for graphic map load evaluation. A plugin for an open-source software Gimp was developed to provide an accessible tool to measure graphic map load of various geospatial visualizations in an image file format. This tool was then used to compare two Czech school atlases produced by Kartografie PRAHA, a.s. publisher in terms of their graphic map load. The examined atlases include: the latest World School Atlas (in Czech Školní atlas světa) and the new equivalent called Pupil’s Atlas (originally Školní atlas světa) intended to fit especially to younger pupils. Both the atlases are captured in Figure 1.The equivalent maps (the same or very similar map extents, scales, captured regions and map types) in both atlases were compared to investigate differences in graphic map load. For this, a developed metric implemented in the form of an extension to well-known image processing software Gimp was used. The extension advances an edge detection filter to identify both sharp and smooth edges in order to estimate the graphic map load of map samples. Also, a distribution of map load across the map layout is shown. Subsequently, measured values were compared and used to estimate the differences in the potential readability of those products.

ДО ПИТАННЯ ІСТОРІЇ РОЗВИТКУ МЕТОДИКИ НАВЧАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ В ПОЧАТКОВИХ КЛАСАХ

The development of methods of teaching the Ukrainian language in primary school is investigated in this scientific work. There is also finds out the reasons that slowed down the process of its improvement. But nowadays thanks to the constant scientist`s and teacher`s work there are lots of new technologies and methods of education which before were impossible. Modern society needs citizens with a broad worldview, always ready for the challenges of today, and not with limited knowledge on a particular issue. So that the aim «to form a successful personality» should be achieve in each subject. Methodology of Ukrainian language teaching has its own history of development which should know every future teacher. It is a big pity that the ways of it`s were really difficult as it often was forbidden, suffer from political pressure and lack of methodological and technical support. Due to work with various achievements of world pedagogical science and scientists, we can discover more and more about history of different educational methods, means and forms in Ukrainian language lessons. It is considered that language is the product of historical development of society, which use the property of the previous stages of its life. It is the similar for all native speaker but its realization in speech has features. Pedagogical deal with speech as the means of education and knowledge of the environment. Some pedagogues grant great importance to native language as the means of influence on the spiritual development of the child. As a science methodology of Ukrainian language teaching consist of theoretical and practical components, provides preparation of teachers for effective organization of the educational process. Its aim is to find only that educational means which are able to provide the best result in learning the subject. Around the most popular education methods which are used in Ukrainian language lessons in the past and present mark out: narration, conversation, work with books, written exercises. Teaching of native language should accord to all modern demands as personal needs of young pupils in communicative and social development are also always changing.

The Toy Piano Is Not a Toy

This paper describes a two-day composition workshop dedicated to the toy piano held in 2019 at a state middle school with a musical address in Italy. Eight young pupils in the early years of their piano studies took part. The resulting compositions are shown and indicate that the toy piano is a useful means to stimulate creativity in young pupils. A further consideration addressed is that operating in the educational field means expanding the future audience with respect to new musical languages and means of musical expression . In discussing both pedagogical practise and composing and performing, the author’s aim is to contribute to the comprehension of the ‘toy piano phenomenon’ which in recent years has increasingly seen this instrument take centre stage on the contemporary music scene.

Primary physical education but not of primary importance – secondary PE teachers perceptions of the role of primary PE

ABSTRACT Primary and Secondary schools have been identified as key environments for the promotion of lifelong physical activity, through the provision of Physical Education (PE) classes, although concerns have been raised over the quality of provision and delivery at primary school level and a child’s subsequent transition to the Secondary school environment. This study therefore investigated Secondary PE teacher’s perceptions of how young pupils are prepared for Secondary school PE and identified several key themes that influenced this. In conclusion, several eminent themes were identified which suggested that Secondary PE teachers were extremely dismissive and untrusting of the current Primary PE curriculum. However, the study also suggested that Primary PE teachers required considerable support and guidance and there was a need for greater partnership and collaboration.

Teachers’ responses to children in emotional distress: A study of co-regulation in the first year of primary school in Norway

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to explore how first-grade teachers respond to pupils in emotional distress within the framework of co-regulation. Co-regulation in this context refers to an adult–child interactive process that supports children in learning to regulate their emotions. We conducted focus group interviews at four primary schools in southern Norway using video clips as prompts to initiate discussions about children’s emotions and teachers’ responses to them. Findings indicate that teachers’ use many of the skills indicative of co-regulation, such as providing affirmation of children’s emotions and modelling self-regulation. However, discussions within two of the focus groups were strongly dominated by attention to pragmatic solutions to resolve the conflicts as quickly as possible, which may reduce opportunities for co-regulation. This position poses a challenge with respect to the need for warm, trusting relationships based on an expectation that young pupils’ emotional needs will be met.