Young People In Russia Research Articles

Relationship of Biological and Environmental Factors with Social Isolation Using Hikki and Dead Inside as Examples

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of a set of factors leading to voluntary self-isolation of young people in Russia. A number of foreign studies have documented voluntary withdrawal from social life and the desire for complete social isolation among young people. This phenomenon was first described in Japan and labeled as “hikikomori”. Many of the hikikomori did not have mental disorders to explain their reclusiveness, and therefore a comprehensive biopsychosocial model of the formation of such maladaptive behavior was proposed.Objective. To test the causal relationship between social exclusion, nervous system characteristics, and attachment type in members of the hikki and dead inside subcultures.Materials and Methods. Sixty-eight people (48 women and 20 men) participated in the study. Of them, the conditional norm was 36 people, 20 were dead inside, and 12 were hikkas. To assess the peculiarities of the nervous system we used express-diagnostics of the nervous system types on the basis of J. Streliau’s method of temperament diagnostics; to study the attachment types we used the method “Self-assessment of the generalized type of attachment” adapted by T. V. Kazantseva; to study child-parent relations we used the author’s questionnaire. Correlation and regression analysis were used as methods of statistical data processing.Results. The study confirmed the biopsychosocial model of social isolation, which is the result of nervous system features interrelated with the formation of relationships with parents and attachment type, which in turn is related to the formation of relationships with peers.Discussion. According to the results of the study, it was found that the predictors of social reclusiveness of hikikomori are increased excitability of the nervous system, which turns any social contacts into painful ones, while the representatives of dead inside, on the contrary, experience too weak reactions to external and internal stimuli, which also affects social adaptation.

Речевой жанр пожелания в молодёжном интернет-дискурсе: новации и лингвокреативность

This paper analyses the use of the wishing genre among Russian young people. One of the features of youth speech is a shift from stereotypes, searching for new creative ways of expressing various intentions, such as evaluation, compliment, congratulation and wishing. The purpose of the study is to analyze the texts of wishes from the point of manifesting the linguistic creativity of the addressers; to identify the means and ways of destroying stereotypes. The research material is youth wishes, predominantly students’ wishes (more than 700 text fragments). The analysis of the content of the wishing texts enabled the author to classify all wishes into stereotypical, individual and combined. Empirical material shows that in the communication of friends most wishes refer to individual ones (64%), whereas combined and stereotypical wishes make up 25% and 11%, respectively. The analysis of the texts of wishes identified the ways and means of demonstrating the linguistic creativity of the addressee. These ways and means include the tactics of compliment, appeal, advice, switching the addressee to a humorous tone and some other tactics that are not discussed in this paper. All of them allow to make wishes less stereotypical. The material showed that addressers in wishes aim to supplement the universal components of the wishes with individualized elements, including in the text the utilitarian details of the addressee’s life. Most often, wishes contain references to the addressee’s profession or hobbies. Linguistic creativity of the addressers is manifested at all linguistic levels. First of all, addressees actively use tropes, such as epithets, metaphors, and comparisons. Addressers look for unusual objects for comparison in the linguistic repertoires; they often use hyperbolization. At the level of word-formation, we observe the use of affixes with an augmentative meaning, diminutives (predominantly in wishes to female addressees); speech innovations and occasional word formation. In wishes of young people, a shift from stereotypes reflects in reduplicating letters and symbols, changing letter case, breaking words into syllables and placing a hyphen between syllables; using a wide range of emojis and stickers; playing with colorful highlighting. Precedent texts play an important role in moving away from stereotypes. The author concludes that all the considered methods and means of linguistic creativity that are regularly used by authors when creating wishes make it possible to enhance the expressiveness and impact degree of the texts. They function to avoid stereotypes, achieve a perlocutionary effect, and contribute to the self-presentation of the addresser.

Лексико-стилистический анализ рекламных текстов через призму философии Эриха Фромма («Иметь или Быть?») (на примере постов из официального телеграм-канала «Росмолодежь»)

<p>This article is dedicated to the lexical and stylistic analysis of advertising texts published in the official Telegram channel of Federal Agency for Youth Affairs («Росмолодежь», hereafter Rosmolodezh), in which Erich Fromm's philosophy is traced. The author identifies the category of advertising texts with such telegram posts that contain advertisements of Rosmolodezh’s projects and elements of social advertising. The author analyzes the lexical and stylistic techniques used by writers who create texts for the social network Telegram to influence the target audience (young people of Russia) through the Fromm's ideas «To Have or to Be?». As a result of the study, the author of the article identifies the main linguistic features used by writers in texts to attract readers’ attention in the advertising message.</p>

Russian young people's subjective health evaluations, self-care practices, and therapeutic networks.

This study investigates the relationship between young people's subjective health evaluations, self-care practices, and therapeutic networks using semi-structured interviews and the computerized qualitative thematic analysis capabilities of the MAXQDA software. In the summer of 2022, 41 Russian youths, ages 16 to 25, took part in this investigation. The major findings demonstrate that young people who had low health evaluations were more likely to conduct self-care with the intention of enhancing their health and to have mothers and other medical experts in their therapeutic networks. Furthermore, individuals who claimed that their health was inadequate engaged in more sports and took care of themselves even when they were ill. There was no association between the objectives of self-care practices, members of the therapeutic network, and self-care activities in terms of the type of health evaluation. Overall, it is possible to suggest that the practices and the structure of therapeutic networks are related to self-evaluated health, but quantitative study is needed to verify the causal relationship.

Исследование структурно незавершённых высказываний в речи советской и российской молодёжи

The aim of the study is to compare the oral speech of Soviet and Russian young people aged 13 to 23 years. The analysis was carried out according to a single indicator: the abundance of structurally incomplete statements in transcribed oral messages. Speech samples of both Soviet and modern Russian teenagers are taken from the media. As a result of the study, it was shown that Soviet schoolchildren and students used structurally incomplete statements in their oral speech 7 times less than modern youth. The study is a continuation of a more extensive comparison of the oral speech of schoolchildren and students of the Soviet and Russian eras, as well as speech role models that were broadcast by the Soviet and Russian media. The basis for the choice of research material was the non-trivial task of establishing the role of the influence of the modern media environment on the speech of adolescents. If Soviet schoolchildren and students consumed media content with the best linguistic role models for their time, then modern teenagers are formed in the free Internet environment. In the course of the study, a method was developed for objective comparison of the speech of different speakers. Text corpora were compared by the number of occasionalisms, author's syntagmas, phraseological units, professionalisms, clericalisms, vulgarisms, structurally incomplete statements, obscene vocabulary, etc. In a series of studies, it was shown that the speech samples of the Soviet era, that is, the Soviet group, are better both quantitatively and qualitatively than modern ones. The scientific novelty lies in the assessment of the oral speech of the speakers of information and entertainment media products of the media of one Russian-speaking country, but in different eras, although close in time, using a new complex method of linguistic analysis. The key factors that influenced the speech approaches of the creators of these media products were rapid social and technical changes.

Emerging Adulthood in Russia: Class and Educational Disparities

“Emerging adulthood” is a unique developmental stage between adolescence and early adulthood. During this period, individuals experience a transition towards adult roles and begin to view their lives as full of opportunities for identity exploration, experimentation, possibilities, and self-focus. Previous research has questioned the universality of emerging adulthood as a developmental stage and its’ applicability to young adults from lower socioeconomic backgrounds without higher education. This paper contributes to this debate by analyzing the relationships between education, socioeconomic background, and emerging adulthood. We use the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) to measure emerging adulthood among 2177 Russian young people aged 24-26 who participated in the Russian Longitudinal Panel Study of Educational and Occupational Trajectories (TrEC) in 2021. Our findings confirm that emerging adulthood is not limited to the US, where the concept was coined, but also occurs in developing countries.

The Influence of Internet Communications on the Formation of Political Identity and Political Behavior of Russian Youth

Introduction. The author of the article develops a theme of the Internet influence on formation of ego- and collective identity of youth ages 18–24. Materials and Methods. Behaviorism, network approaches were used as the theoretical and methodological strategy of the study, as well as systematization of results, obtained during the 14 interviews. Results. We have come to the conclusion that political identity of Russian youth ages 18–24 isn’t formed. This fact can be one of the causes of low political participation of the studied age group. In order to set a trend for sustainable political identity of youth forming, we need to create a unified communication system, which will help to create conditions for internalization of citizen identity values by young generations. Experts agree on the opinion, that the legitimacy of Russian government in the eyes of youth can be enhanced by implementing Internet-technologies, adapted to the young audience’s special perception of information (gamified content, short video content, preferably with the opinion leaders participation), as Russian youth, firstly, tend to rely on the Internet as the most transparent source of information, secondly, young people of Russia use the Internet more often, comparable to other generations. Discussion and Conclusion. Underdevelopment of political identity of Russian younger generations is explained by several factors: first of all, the absence of well articulated by the Russian state image of the future, secondly, too frequent to adapt to them policy changes, thirdly, increasing distance between Russian government and Russian youths and, finally, creating conditions, that decrease the possibility of professional self-realization of younger generations. Raising its socializing effect on youth and becoming more significant mean of communication, the Internet can be used as a political tool, which could help with the forming of sustainable political identity of Russian youth but only if technologies, used by political actors in cyberspace, would be transparent and available for verification.

Informational Overload of Russian Studying Youth: Myth and Reality

The article investigates some aspects of the media use of young people in Russia in the current conditions in terms of the information load of young people and their ability to interact with various information flows. The author raises issues of information noise, abundance of information flows, information intoxication – phenomena that often characterize the life in the information age. Through a survey and in-depth interviews, the author checks assumptions about the level of information overload of students, their ability to work with educational and external information, and to protect themselves from manipulative influences from various digital media. The objectives of the study also included correlating the empirical results obtained with the concept of «digital natives», evaluating how applicable it is to the current generation of Russian youth, and how the characteristic features of young people growing up in the digital world affect the process of their media use, causing, among other things, their ability to learn. The results of the survey, as well as an analysis of the pedagogical experience of learning and teaching in Russian universities over the past decades, allowed the author to draw conclusions about the lack of specialized courses in the practice of university teaching that help students learn how to work effectively with multiple information flows and with information in general, as well as the need taking into account the axiological, motivational and practice-oriented components of the media literacy in the development of concepts and strategies for the digital transformation of the Russian education.

Comparative Analysis of Professional-Value Attitudes of the Youth in Russia and Kazakhstan in Education

Introduction. In the modern world, there is a global transition to a new value paradigm of education, upbringing, and professional self-determination. Therefore, the study of educational and professional attitudes of young people gains prominence. The aim of the research is to identify the factors influencing the formation of a system of value trajectories and attitudes of young people in Russia and Kazakhstan and to predict social scenarios for their development. Materials and Methods. To study the educational and professional value trajectories and attitudes of young people in Russia and Kazakhstan, the authors conducted an international empirical sociological study in 2021. The data collection method is a survey of young people aged 14–35 years living in Russia and Kazakhstan. Results. The analysis revealed a high level of socio-cultural, value potential of young people in Russia and Kazakhstan in the educational space. Young people from both countries point out the importance of higher education in personal and professional career growth and self-realization. The professional attitudes and desired professional orientations of the Russian and Kazakh youth are heterogeneous. The main factors in choosing a profession are the interest of the profession, it`s financially rewarding, and prestige of the educational institution. Risk factors include low demand for the profession in the labor market, lack of personal interest in the profession, and low income. As a possible scenario have been identified the demand for IT competencies in the Russian and Kazakhstan labor markets, the transformation of value-professional attitudes towards greater freedom and creativity, socio-professional mobility and flexibility of young people. Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained data and recommendations can be used by educational organizations, authorities implementing state policy in the field of education to improve the work on the formation and development of value trajectories and attitudes of young people in Russia and Kazakhstan in the educational space and in the field of professional self-determination.

Features of the formation of value orientations of modern youth in Russia

The article discusses the distinctive features of the process of formation of value orientations characteristic of modern youth in Russia. For young people of the XXI century, it is the features of behavior that can have a significant impact on the nature of decision-making in different spheres of their life, and therefore require more detailed study. The purpose of the article is to identify the characteristic features of this process in relation to the youth of Russia at the present stage of its development. Based on the analysis of scientific theoretical and empirical sources, it is concluded that the government youth policy carried out in Russia does not achieve its goal and has certain costs in the forms, methods and means used. As a result, young people in Russia do not always respond adequately to changes in social space and in some cases of their behaviorism, conflicts are observed. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach, which allowed to reveal the problems of modern youth, from the point of view of their value orientations and to determine the basic values for conducting a sociological study. The application of the activity approach made it possible to identify the structural elements of the process of forming value orientations and the connections between them, as well as to build its model. The main scientific result is the conclusion that the basis of the value-oriented behavior of the youth of Russia is a humanistic orientation based on the desire for self-determination and responsibility to the family, an identical group, society and the state, and the necessary component is a cultural and ideological tradition that has its origins in the family. As characteristic features of the formation of the value orientation of young people, high trust in social networks as the main means of this process, as well as a certain trust in the educational context as an environment for instilling certain traditional values are highlighted. The ranking of subjects, methods and means of forming value orientations of Russian youth identified and carried out in the course of the study will provide practical assistance in further improving the effectiveness of this process.

Problems of the family institution in the youth environment

The problems of the family institution are reflected in the family values transformation. The patterns of family and marriage relations which are traditional for historical Russia come into conflict with modern realities. This transformation affects primarily the youth environment, putting young people in front of a tough choice between socially approved career growth and a quiet feat inconspicuous to the world within family relationships. The all-Russian study “Self-regulation of the Life of Young People in a Changing Social Reality”, conducted in the fall of 2020, revealed problematic aspects of marital relations. The traditional values of the family, which are historically common for Russia, are opposed to a set of modern values characteristic of the liberal model and sometimes inferior to the latter. The course laid down by the founders of communism to eliminate the monogamous family as an economic unit of society gives its late shoots refracting in the individualization of society, leveling the significance of official marriage unions and reducing the number of children in families. The results of the all-Russian sociological survey of young people make it possible to identify the real marital status of young people in Russia and to consider its models. The article analyzes the prevalence of so-called “civil marriages” and the correction of attitudes towards them by official bodies. The author gives the rationale for the growing popularity of the “Japanese model” in marital relations, as well as the reasons that push young people to short-term marriage unions fraught with loneliness. The nature of young people relationship with their parents is considered and different generations of youth are compared. The idea of the respondents about the meaning of the family is investigated and the main motives for marriage are established. The number of children in modern youth families is revealed and trends in various social groups are analyzed. Conclusions are drawn about the instability of the family institution in the modern world and the need to protect it by the state.

Civil society institutions in the formation of the national identity of young people

Сardinal civilizational transformations, changes in geopolitics and international relations are taking place. Under these conditions, the formation of the national identity of citizens plays an important role in ensuring the stability of the development of the state. The analysis carried out shows that a significant part of Russian young people has insufficiently formed national identity, willingness to work for the common good and prosperity of the Motherland. In recent years, the state has paid special attention to the formation of the national identity of young people. There is also a noticeable increase in the involvement of civil society in the political life of the country, but for the effective work of civil society institutions in the formation of national identity, the political socialization of Russian youth, there are not enough methodological developments, recommendations and technological materials. The autonomous non-profit organization "Innovative Center for the Development and Education of Children and Youth" has developed a complex Model of the political socialization of Russian youth by the institutions of civil society, which includes detailed theoretical and practice-oriented parts and is designed to become a key methodological material in the field of socio-patriotic work with youth of non-profit civil organizations. organizations. The developed Model has been successfully tested for six years on the example of ten All-Russian Internet contests of a patriotic orientation and can be recommended for use in the work of a wide range of Russian civil society institutions.

Факторы влияния институтов социализации на формирование политически активной молодежи в современной России

The article discusses the problem of politically active youth. Basing on in-depth interviews, the author identifies the factors determining the manifestation of political radicalism in relation to the bulk of young people in Russia who are not interested in politics. The paper identifies two groups of political activists of young people in modern Russia, which differ in political views, media preferences, and social values.

EXTREMIST IMPACT ON YOUTH: FROM HISTORICAL TRENDS TO THE PRESENT

The prerequisite for the study is the increased extremist impact on young people in Russia. The consequence is a decrease in tolerance, an increase in anxiety, and the need of the Russian population for self-defense. The paper analyzes social and legal phenomena: youth extremism and drug addiction, establishes their relationship and mutual influence, considers the causes and consequences of these phenomena, which are defined as a threat to national security. The trends in the manifestation of youth drug addiction and extremism in modern Russia are highlighted. The method of committing crimes «using information, telecommunications and high technologies» contributed to the strengthening of the criminal impact on young people in Russia. The purpose of this work is to study the features of extremist impact on young people in modern Russia, taking into account historical trends. A content analysis of the works of Russian authors is carried out in order to assess the current state of extremism and its trends. The conclusions are supported by expert assessments and the results of sociological research methods. Results: it is noted that extremism in Russia is aimed, first of all, at the destruction of the Slavic nation by the hands of its own population; in Russia the personality of a criminal of a special type (extremist, drugged) is being formed. In modern conditions, there is a need for a state program to strengthen youth information and education based on knowledge of the history of their country.

ЦЕННОСТНО-СМЫСЛОВЫЕ ДОМИНАНТЫ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ МОРАЛИ РОССИЙСКОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ: ПОЛИТИКО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ

The study focuses on the lexico-semantic aspect of the political morality of modern Russian youth and is based on a set of methodological principles of political psychology and moral philosophy. The concepts presented in the article demonstrate that young people in Russia are forming a new political morality in terms of its semantic focuses. Based on traditional and new concepts with both immanent and introduced moral content, the political consciousness of Russian youth develops new ethical criteria for evaluating politics. These criteria are formulated as moral postulates of "give both to others and to oneself" with respect to politicians, and "I get everything and share with no one" with respect to oneself. The psychological significance of the criteria for the overall system of moral norms of youth is the elimination of a number of ethical constraints and the strengthening of egocentric, hedonistic and pragmatic attitudes in the minds of young people at the expense of subjective moral action. The analysis of the concepts revealed that the political morality of young Russians is characterized by an eclectic mix of content and meaning, fragmentation, cognitive simplicity, and emotional intensity, all of which limit its identification and motivational potential.

СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОЦИОСТРУКТУРНОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО РОССИИ В ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯХ МОЛОДЕЖИ

The article deals with the issue of social structure of modern Russian society in the perceptions of young people. It is suggested that a clear idea of the categories of higher, middle and lower strata, trust in the possibility to climb up the social ladder by legitimate means, to receive deserved rewards for their efforts – create a positive attitude to career advancement, confidence in their future, the idea of fairness of the established orders in society. Disorientation in the socio-structural space and denial of its legitimacy lead to the replacement of social mobility with escapism and the desire to emigrate. The comparative analysis of the two stages results of the survey showed that young people in Russia are disoriented in its socio-structural space. The idea of only the middle class is ingrained in the minds of respondents, but it does not have clear signs and criteria of belonging. Young people do not see legal ways to move up, they call the existing social order unfair, and their desire to move up the social ladder is replaced by the desire to leave or emigrate. The respondents are characterized by the state of anomie – apathy, alienation

Региональные особенности миграции молодежи в России

In the article, based on the statistical data of Rosstat, a spatial analysis of the poorly studied modern youth migration in Russia at the level of its regions is considered. The key research methods are cartographic and geoinformational. For the construction of cartograms, the QGIS geoinformation system was used, which allows to process large amounts of information, create databases, and perform high-quality evaluation and analytical studies. The spatial database within the framework of the work is designed to collect, organize, store and update data on youth migration in Russia. There have been constructed several background cartograms that reflect the regional features of the migration mobility of young people in Russia for the first time. To build these cartograms, the coefficients of migration growth, arrival and departure of young people for 2017–2019 and 2020–2021 were calculated (taking into account the number of young people from 14 to 29 years old), as well as grouping the values into four groups of different intensity (ultra-high, high, medium and low). To determine the reasons for the migration of young people, the map “Share of youth in the population of Russian regions in 2020” was also developed. The main trend of recent years is the growth in the number of Russian regions with a migration increase of young people (up to 74 %), which has a beneficial effect on the sustainability of the demographic development of the state and its regions. This trend has intensified during the covid-19 pandemic. The concentration of young people is observed in the most successful regions of Russia in socio-economic terms. A quarter of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is characterized by a migration loss of young people, which has a negative effect on the demographic development of the territories. The developed cartographic software made it possible to correctly visualize the regional features of youth migration in Russia.

Оценка сердечно-сосудистого риска у молодых мужчин

Aim: To review the current scales for the evaluation of a cardiovascular risk in young men (under 45 years of age). The common cardiovascular risk evaluation scales are used mostly for subjects of over 40 years of age, thus complicating the prognosis of cardiovascular disorders in young people and, therefore, can result in low efficiency of preventive measures in this age group. The article describes cardiovascular risk calculators that can be used for young people, and their properties, advantages and possible use in clinical practice. Conclusion. The most useful for practical settings are QRISK3 and Mayo Clinic Heart Disease Calculator. Their use is limited since these calculators are in English. Validation of these scales in Russian young people is essential. Keywords: cardiovascular risk, risk evaluation, young men, cardiovascular disorder prevention.

Политическая самоидентификация молодежи: параметры формирования

The political self-identification of young people is a significant indicator of the state stability. In the context of new geopolitical challenges for Russia, following the Russian military special operation in Ukraine, decision-makers face the task of intensifying cooperation with the younger generation and forming a holistic and critically meaningful approach to new political and economic realities. The article analyzes the main sources of self-identification of young people, factors influencing the political participation of the younger generation and existing channels of interaction between young people and the state. The empirical basis for the article is sociological surveys, as well as regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. The author resumes that despite the established and generally effective mechanisms for stimulating the political participation of young people in Russia, there is still a significant space for improving the quality of interaction on the track of «government – young generation», which is reflected, among others, in the formation of an attractive image by the state itself.

Marital and Family Behavior of Young People in Modern Russian Society: Attitudes and Values

The article describes the marital and family behavior of modern Russian young people based on the attitudes and values. This material presents the results of content analysis of electronic sources devoted to news and psychological topics. This method helps to identify the gender and age characteristics of the attitude to traditional official marriage and free forms of relations. The younger generation doesn’t see the need for marriage, they perceive cohabitation as a rehearsal of family relations. Temporary difficulties have a destructive effect on relationships, most of young people refuse responsibility, bring commerce into marriage. These factors are influenced by the media and society itself, which is generally tolerant to relationships without marriage registration.