Indian Young Adults Research Articles

Sex Estimation Using Heel-Ball Index: A Metric-Based Comparative Study on Foot and Footprint Dimensions.

Background: Sexual dimorphism plays a vital role in individual identification, and body dimensions can contribute to establishing a biological profile for identification purposes. Aims and Objectives: To determine the reliability of the Heel-Ball Index (HBI) in estimating sex from foot dimensions and footprint dimensions and also to investigate the potential of dimensions and indices, using a standardized value, in estimating sex, from foot dimensions and footprint dimensions. Materials and Methods: In this study, a group of 112 young Indian adults aged 18 to 22, consisting of 56 males and 56 females, was examined. The foot breadth at ball (BBAL) and foot breadth at heel (BHEL) of both feet were measured using sliding digital calipers from foot and footprint dimensions. Results: Significant sexual dimorphism was observed in BBAL, BHEL, and HBI (HBI = BHEL/BBAL × 100) measurements in both feet of both sexes. Conclusion: HBI yielded better accuracy for foot dimensions than footprint dimensions. It was also found that utilizing absolute foot dimensions (BBAL and BHEL) yielded more accurate results in estimating sex compared to the HBI, which is calculated as a ratio of absolute measurements.

Arm Length and Height Relationship in Young Indian Adults: A Correlation and Regression Analysis

Abstract Introduction: Anthropometric studies on body proportions such as arm length (AL) and height (Ht) are essential for understanding physical growth patterns and health indicators, particularly amongst young adults. However, limited research exists on this relationship in the Indian population. Materials and Methods: This study examined the correlation and regression between AL and Ht in 500 healthy Indian adults aged 18–23 years. Standard anthropometric tools were used to measure AL and Ht, and statistical analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between these variables. Results: The results showed varying degrees of correlation between AL and Ht across different age groups and genders. Males generally exhibited higher AL to Ht ratios compared to females, with significant gender differences observed in younger age groups. Conclusion: These findings contribute to our understanding of human growth patterns amongst young Indian adults and have important implications for clinical assessments and anthropological research. Further, longitudinal studies are recommended to better understand the dynamics of growth and body proportions over time in this population.

Sibling Bereavement Among Young Indian Adults.

This qualitative study explores the bereavement experiences of 12 surviving siblings in India, focusing on familial, societal, and cultural influences. Six themes emerged: "The Demanding Familial Role," "Isolation That Accompanies the Grief," "Damaging Impact of Society," "Positive Role of Friends and Family," "Support Systems," and "Continuing Bonds." Participants often felt the burden of supporting their parents, leading to personal grief suppression and isolation, exacerbated by societal stigmas. Conversely, empathetic friends, supportive extended family, and professional resources like therapy provided crucial coping mechanisms. Continuing bonds with the deceased offered comfort and connection. The study highlights the need for comprehensive support systems tailored to cultural and societal contexts. It emphasizes the importance of public awareness and education to foster a supportive response to bereavement. Further research with larger, more diverse samples is recommended.

Investigating hematuria among young Indian adults using MDCT urography.

Hematuria may suggest bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma, UUT-UCC, or urinary tract stones. Therefore, it is of interest to use Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) to determine the cause of hematuria in children and connect MDCT results with cystoscopic and histological findings. The study included 110 young people under 40 with microscopic or macroscopic hematuria. A clinical exam and complete history were recorded. MDCT data from non-contrast and contrast-enhanced scans were properly documented. Histopathological and cystoscopic findings were noted alongside MDCT data when appropriate. The study's typical patient was 26 years old, 66% male. Eighty of the cases had hematuria as the cause. In 66 of 80 individuals, renal or ureteric calculi were the most common clinically relevant outcomes. There were four renal and four UB masses. Two cases of renal papillary necrosis and four of pyelonephritis/renal abscess were identified. MDCT diagnosed renal and vesical masses 100% accurately. MDCT can diagnose and treat hematuria, especially in young men, according to one study. The findings emphasize clinical awareness and targeted diagnosis. Further research is needed to determine hematuria causes and prevention across demographics.

To explore the effect of adult attachment styles on levels of self-esteem among young Indian adults

To explore the effect of adult attachment styles on levels of self-esteem among young Indian adults

Understanding Hope from Indian Young Adults’ Perspective

Despite the long-understood importance of Hope in the lives of individuals, few studies have investigated how Hope is understood from an Indian perspective. Furthermore, the focus on understanding the interpretations and experiences of Hope in the young adult population has been low. The current paper explores the phenomenon of Hope from Indian young adults’ perspective. The sample consisted of 10 participants, who were in the age range of 21 to 22 years and were pursuing their undergraduate or postgraduate studies. The study utilized in-depth interviews to understand the experiences and perspectives of Hope in the participants. Data were analyzed through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) which brought forward several themes which focused on the experiences and understanding of Hope, delineating the main features of Hope, its situations, and its cognitive, affective, and behavioral consequences. The study adds literature to the Indian understanding of Hope or conceptualizing Hope from an Indian context and provides an in-depth understanding of the construct. It gives valuable insights into how Hope can be used for stress management and promoting well-being in individuals.

Narcissism and Paranoia: The Moderating Role of Self-esteem among Young Indian Adults

Narcissism has gained substantive engagement in the field of personality and social psychology. Due to globalisation and the advent of the internet, narcissism has become the most frequently investigated trait. It bridges certain dimensions of self, which include paranoia and self-esteem. The purpose of the current study is to understand the correlation between paranoia and narcissism. Additionally, the study aims to examine the moderating role of self-esteem on the relationship between narcissism and paranoia among young Indian adults. Furthermore, the study also aims to find out gender differences in paranoia, narcissism, and self-esteem. 162 young adults from the Indian population are recruited, and they administer the narcissism, paranoia, and self-esteem inventories. The results show that the participants had high levels of narcissism, above-average paranoia, and moderate levels of self-esteem. Narcissism is positively correlated with paranoia. Individuals with high levels of self-esteem show decreased levels of paranoia and increased levels of narcissism. There are main effects between narcissism and paranoia as well as between self-esteem and paranoia. Self-esteem does not moderate the relationship between narcissism and paranoia. These results suggest that self-esteem does not weaken or strengthen the relationship between narcissism and paranoia. Males score higher than females in self-esteem, whereas there are no significant gender differences in paranoia and narcissism. This study leads to a better understanding of these traits in the subclinical population. Culturally sensitive interventions can be developed for individuals with higher levels of these traits.

Sleep quality mediates the association between chronotype and mental health in young Indian adults

There is increasing recognition of ‘higher preference for eveningness’ as a potential independent risk factor for poor mental health. To examine the chronotype-mental health relationship while also quantifying the potential roles of poor sleep quality, relevant personality traits, and childhood trauma, we assessed 282 young adults (18–40 years; 195 females) residing in North India, between January and March 2023 (to control for seasonal variation), using self-report measures of diurnal preference, sleep patterns, mental health (depression, anxiety, and stress), personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, schizotypy, and impulsivity), and childhood trauma. The results showed a significant association between eveningness and poor mental health but this association was fully mediated by poor sleep quality. Neuroticism, emotional abuse and cognitive disorganisation were correlated with eveningness as well as with poor mental health and sleep quality. Neuroticism and emotional abuse, but not cognitive disorganisation, also had indirect effects on mental health via sleep quality. Our findings highlight the crucial role played by sleep quality in the chronotype-mental health relationship.

Understanding the Misconceptions about Traumatic Brain Injury among Indian Young Adults

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) pose significant challenges globally. The implementation of TBI prevention programs is highly reliant on the prevalent misconceptions. There is a paucity of research exploring the misconceptions regarding TBIs among young adults in India. Therefore, the present study explores the prevalence and nature of misconceptions regarding TBIs among young adults. Materials and Methods This prospective survey study, with 150 participants aged 18 to 25 years, utilized the Common Misconceptions about Traumatic Brain Injury questionnaire comprising 40 items across 7 domains. The data was analyzed using Jamovi (2.3.28 solid). Results The results revealed that the participants have high rates of misconception regarding brain injury sequelae, brain damage, and seatbelt prevention and low rates regarding the posttraumatic amnesia. Overall, females exhibited a higher rate of misconceptions compared with males. Higher years of education were associated with lesser misconceptions. Prior exposure to TBI had no significant impact on overall awareness of TBI. Conclusion This study highlights important misconceptions about TBIs among young adults. Education and gender might play a vital role in these misconceptions. These findings might inform the development of preventive modules for TBIs and to enhance their effectiveness.

Cognitive Sex Differences: Evidence from Indian Young Adults

In the present study, we examined the effect of sex on cognitive abilities among young adults. Our total sample was comprised of 64 participants (33 females). Males and females were matched with respect to age and years of education. Each participant underwent a detailed neuropsychological assessment, including assessment of attention, executive functions, fluency, verbal and visuospatial memory. Results revealed that females exhibited superior performance in verbal domain such as learning, immediate memory, and fruit fluency. Additionally, a noteworthy trend was observed indicating females’ enhanced performance on verbal delayed recall, animal and vegetable fluency. Contrastingly, no discernible gender-based effects were identified in relation to executive functions, working memory, or visuospatial ability. It is pertinent to note that our findings did not conclusively support male superiority in the visuospatial or verbal domains. In conclusion, the present study provides valuable insights into sex-related differences in cognitive abilities among young adults. Nonetheless, further investigations employing larger sample sizes across diverse age groups are imperative to validate and extend these findings.

Relationship between Assertiveness and Self-Esteem among Young Indian Adults

Abstract: This quantitative study explores the relationship between assertiveness and self-esteem among young Indian adults aged 20 to 30 years. The research design employs a correlation approach to examine the statistical association between assertiveness and self-esteem without manipulating variables. The study aims to answer key questions regarding gender differences in assertiveness and self-esteem, the relationship between assertiveness and self-esteem, and the impact of self-esteem on assertiveness. Data from 131 participants (61 males, 70 females) from Assam and Karnataka were collected using Google Forms and social media advertising. The Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used to measure assertiveness and self-esteem, respectively. Statistical analyses included independent sample t-tests, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The results indicate no significant difference in assertiveness and self-esteem between males and females. However, a significant negative correlation was found between assertiveness and self-esteem, suggesting that as assertiveness increases, self-esteem tends to decrease, and vice versa. Regression analysis further confirms that self-esteem significantly impacts assertiveness among young adults, with approximately 8.9% of the variability in assertiveness scores explained by differences in self-esteem. These findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of assertiveness and selfesteem among young Indian adults, highlighting the complex interplay between these psychological constructs and their implications for individual well-being and behavior.

‘What Explains the Viewership Preferences of Young Indian Adults Towards Hollywood or Indian Cinema? are the Two at Contest?’

‘What Explains the Viewership Preferences of Young Indian Adults Towards Hollywood or Indian Cinema? are the Two at Contest?’

Influence of ultra-processed food in the diet of South Indian young adults: an explanatory mixed method study.

To determine the contribution of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) to overall macronutrient intake and their association with anthropometric measurements, and to explore the perceptions regarding UPF consumption among young adults in Puducherry, India. This study included 630 participants from three colleges selected using multistage cluster sampling. Following the demonstration of portion estimation, dietary data from previous day were collected using a Google Form-based tool. The participant's anthropometric measures were taken. Food items were classified into NOVA groups and intake analysis was performed using DietSoft software. The participants with low and high consumption were identified and focus group discussions were conducted in each group using criterion sampling. Of all the participants, 178 (28.3%) were overweight or obese. UPF contributed 9.3% of total energy intake and 2.8% protein, 9.9% fat, and 9.9% carbohydrates. The most consumed UPFs were biscuits, wafers (25%), and potato chips(16.2%). No significant association was found between anthropometric measures and UPF consumption. Qualitative findings revealed four major themes, further explained using the socio-ecological framework. UPF consumption in the region was lower than that reported in other global and Indian studies. While our study did not find a significant association between UPF consumption and anthropometric measures, there is a concerning shift from traditional diets to increased UPF reliance, driven by convenience and commercial factors. Addressing this is crucial for healthier choices and combating non-communicable diseases during this pivotal life stage.

Prevalence of Smartphone Addiction and its Relationship with Obesity among Young Adults: A Cross-sectional Study from Delhi, India.

Smartphone addiction (SA) has emerged as an important health concern worldwide. Recent studies have recognized SA as one of the factors that promote sedentarism and can contribute to obesity. However, the relationship between SA and obesity among Indian young adults remains understudied. The present study aims to estimate the prevalence of SA and explore its association with general and central obesity among young adults in Delhi, India. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 246 young adults (aged 18-30 years) of either sex (60.16% females) from Delhi. Screening for SA was done using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version. Somatometric measurements (height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference) were taken to determine general and central obesity. SA was prevalent among 25.2% of the participants. The prevalence of SA was higher among males and undergraduate students than among females and postgraduate/MPhil/PhD students, respectively. Further, SA was not associated with any of the obesity variables. Interestingly, smartphone addicts were found to have a 2.5-fold increased risk of being underweight. Though SA was not associated with obesity, it was found to be associated with being underweight, indicating a relationship between smartphone use and nutritional status among young adults.

Assessment of the Internet Addiction Disorder and its Association with Anxiety and Depression in Young Indian Adults: A Cross Sectional Study

The phenomenon of involuntary engagement with internet devices, accompanied by a sense of emptiness in their absence, characterizes internet addiction disorder. A comprehensive meta-analysis spanning 80 studies worldwide from 1996 to 2012, involving 89,281 participants across 31 countries, revealed a 6% prevalence of this disorder among young individuals globally. A separate study funded by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) investigated 2,755 participants aged 18-65 in India, finding a prevalence rate of 1.3% for internet addiction. Notably, this disorder has not yet been recognized as Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Numerous studies have examined the prevalence of internet addiction in the Indian population. This current study aimed to assess the prevalence, impact, and available treatment options for internet addiction among Indian adults. Utilizing a cross-sectional, close-ended online survey questionnaire distributed among the general public and experts, a total of 303 responses were collected. The findings revealed that 33.3% of Indian adults were addicted to the internet, with varying degrees of severity: severely (1.7%), moderately (10.2%), and mildly (20.8%) addicted. Notably, most severely addicted individuals (80%) fell within the 26-35 years age range. Male participants exhibited a higher prevalence of internet addiction compared to females (57.1% vs. 42.9%), with males also displaying a greater propensity for addiction (71.9% vs. 28.1%). Further analysis indicated that 11.2% of addicted individuals experienced symptoms of anxiety and/or depression, with males affected at a rate 50% higher than females.

Empathy in Adversity: The Relationship between Posttraumatic Growth and Indian Young Adults who Experienced a Potentially Traumatic Experience

Empathy in Adversity: The Relationship between Posttraumatic Growth and Indian Young Adults who Experienced a Potentially Traumatic Experience

Nexus Between Body Image Perception, BMI, and Self-Esteem Among Indian Young Adults: A Quantitative Analysis

This study investigates the relationship between BMI, self-esteem and body image perceptions among young adults in India, with a focus on gender differences. Using a crosssectional correlational methodology, data were collected from 101 participants from undergraduate University students in Andhra Pradesh, employing the “Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire” (MBSRQ) and the “Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale” (RSES). Descriptive statistics, correlational analysis, and regression analysis were used to examine the variables' associations. The results revealed a positive correlation between BMI and body image perceptions, particularly in subscales of Fitness Evaluation and SelfClassified Weight. However, the overall relationship between self-esteem and body image was weak, suggesting a limited impact of body image on self-esteem in this population. The regression model explained 13% of the variance in self-esteem, with Fitness Orientation emerging as a significant predictor. Contrary to expectations, there were no significant gender differences found in self-esteem or body image satisfaction. These findings highlight the influence of societal shifts towards body positivity and inclusivity in reducing the impact of body image concerns on self-esteem. The study underscores the need for promoting physical fitness and challenging traditional beauty standards to foster self-acceptance and well-being among Indian young adults.

Effect of short-term exposure to Raag Bilawal of North Indian classical music on young Indian adults: a high-density electroencephalogram microstate study.

the objective of the study was to find out the microstate map topographies and their parameters generated during the resting state and during listening to North Indian classical Music Raag 'the Raag Bilawal'. It was hypothesized that in the resting state and during listening to music conditions, there would be a difference in microstate parameters i.e. mean duration, global explained variance (GEV), and time coverage. a 128-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded for 12 Indian subjects (average age 26.1+1.4 years) while resting and listening to music using the EEG microstate investigation. Investigation and comparison of the microstate parameters were the mean duration, global explained variance (GEV), and time coverage between both conditions were performed. seven microstate maps were found to represent the resting state and listening to music condition, four canonical and three novel maps. No statistically significant difference was found between the two conditions for time coverage and mean duration. The statistical significance levels of the map-1, map-2, map-3, map-4, map-5, map-6, and map-7 for the mean duration were 0.4, 0.6, 0.97, 0.34, 0.32, 0.69, and 0.29 respectively; and for time coverage were 0.92, 0.92, 0.96, 0.64, 0.78, 0.38, and 0.76 respectively. Map-1, map-4, and map-7 were the three novel maps we found in our study. similarities regarding stability and predominance of maps with small vulnerability exist in both conditions indicating that phonological, visual, and dorsal attention networks may be activated in both resting state and listening to music condition.

Sexuality Awareness and its Impact on Personal Development: Thematic Analysis of Perspectives of Indian Young Adults

Exploring one’s sexual identity is a vital part of self-development and identity formation. Young adults, socially, legally, and developmentally, are actively in the phase of strengthening their core identity, with sexual identity being a major component. Ideas related to sexuality and sexual orientation are often either repressed or normatively imposed. This study aimed to explore awareness and understanding of sexuality among young adults and to understand the impact of these perspectives on personal development. For this purpose, 30 young adults between 18 and 25 years were interviewed, and their responses were analysed using thematic analysis. Analysis succinctly brought up six major themes supported by key quotes from the responses. This thematic analysis provides valuable insights into the complex landscape of sex education and sexual identity among young adults, emphasizing the need for comprehensive and inclusive educational strategies, supportive environments, and open discussions to foster a better understanding and acceptance of diverse sexual identities. It underscores the influence of societal norms and the critical role of social media and peer support in shaping young adults' understanding and acceptance of sexual diversity. Future research should continue to explore these themes to inform policies and educational practices that promote sexual health and well-being, with a particular focus on addressing gender norms and providing mental health support.

Delving into the intricate web of factors that shape the digital lending behavior of individuals : A profound understanding of the Indian landscape

The sheer number of Indian young adults using digital lending platforms to satisfy their expanding consumption needs has increased significantly. It undoubtedly expands consumer markets, but it has also given rise to several significant social issues. The legal supervision of digital lending and the authentication process have been thoroughly studied in the past, with a focus on the legal and economic aspects. A few scholars have also looked at the variables from the standpoint of behavioral psychology that affect people’s digital lending. This study develops a theoretical framework that explains how people construct their online consumer credit by utilizing the Triandis model and prior research on online lending. Afterwards, SmartPLS 3.00 is used to analyze the dataset, which includes 302 respondents in total. This study found that people’s perceived consequences, emotions, social variables, and enabling environments all had a significant impact on their online consumer credit. The study’s conclusions have important ramifications for both political and practical settings. They may be extremely important in promoting appropriate spending practices among India’s youth and ensuring the long-term expansion of online consumer credit. This study also helps digital lending companies improve their offerings and build better relationships with the general population.