Young Graduates Research Articles

Analysis of the Contribution of the Agricultural Sector to Employment Generation in Nigeria (1999 – 2021)

This research is on Analysis of the Contribution of Agricultural Sector to Employment Generation in Nigeria. Secondary data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and National Bureau of Statistics between 1999 and 2021 were used for data analysis. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis technique was used to estimate and to obtain values for the parameters. The result revealed that though the agricultural sector has significantly contributed to employment generation but not to the extent of lowering the unemployment rate. This is due to the magnitude of the size of the unemployed in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that since the agricultural sector holds a lot of potentials for employment generation but many yet see agricultural practice as derogatory; there is the need for more awareness to be created and needed machines and equipment purchase to ensure that more people especially young graduates are encouraged to come into agricultural practice rather than waiting for the never forthcoming white collar jobs; as such, the government should create enabling environment for the agricultural sector to thrive. Likewise, there is the need to dwell on the value chain addition of agricultural sector products as this also have potentials of creating more employment opportunities for the unemployed in Nigeria if driven with the right technology. It is through this that the agricultural sector can make significant contribution to employment generation in Nigeria.

Perception of the Lebanese Adults about Vaccination: A Survey

With the continuous spread and emergence of transmissible diseases, focusing on preventive measures is essential to decrease their incidence and spread. In addition to behavioral measures, vaccination is an optimal way to protect the population and eradicate infectious diseases. The majority are aware of children's vaccinations, while many might not know that adult vaccinations are also essential. This study aims to understand the perception of Lebanese adults towards vaccination and their knowledge and awareness of its importance. This is a national cross-sectional study, conducted between January 2020 and January 2021. the data were collected from 1023 subjects, the majority being Lebanese, previously healthy, and with a graduate or post-graduate level of education. Out of these participants, 44.9% were advised to take vaccines, half of them by healthcare workers. The most common vaccine received during adult life is the Flu vaccine. Overall, 25.6% of the participants were unaware that they needed vaccines and 27.9% thought it is not indicated. Participants' knowledge about vaccination is variable. In total, 39.4% agree or are uncertain whether vaccines contain harmful chemicals and 48.4% believe that vaccines will trigger diseases. The level of education and occupation significantly enhances knowledge about vaccination. Some participants 27.3% are concerned about the vaccine's side effects. The group of young participants, graduates, and nonsmokers think that the vaccine is a necessity and had a positive attitude towards vaccination. Many Lebanese lack knowledge about adult vaccination protection and its benefits in the community. It is essential that the country's health ministry department collaborate with the healthcare system to launch awareness campaigns about adult vaccination in the country to overcome the barriers and ensure better coverage.

Stressors and stress management strategies among young doctors amidst COVID-19 pandemic- Cross-sectional study

Introduction and Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a huge economic burden and impacted physical and mental health of the people. The young medical graduates are facing a lot of disappointments with regard to career, higher studies, personal life etc. The current research aims to assess the various stressors and their coping strategies among the young medical graduates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine at a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. Undergraduate medical students of 228 in number of both genders who completed their residency training just before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were enrolled in the study. The data was collected through a preformed questionnaire. Ethics clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Informed consent was obtained. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software version 18.0. P value < 0.05 was considered statically significant. Results: The mean scores obtained in PSS-10 were found to be higher among males than females. Around 79.4% showed moderate stress while 20.6% showed high stress (P=0.001). Males showed more stress compared to females in general as well as academic stressors. Male doctors and female doctors had differing stress coping skills. Conclusion: The study highlighted the vulnerable state of mind of the young medical doctors. The best way to overcome stress is by providing adequate resources, training to cope stress and ambient conditions for study and work, social support and relaxation techniques at both individual and organisational levels to help them to achieve a reasonable work-family interface.

Patient's Perception of Using Telemedicine During COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic was driving the transformation of all aspects of people’s life including healthcare services to manage the spread of the virus. The direct health service delivery approach must be immediately limited and switched to telemedicine which is a service that utilizes information and communication technology to provide remote health services. The study aimed to describe the patient’s perception of using telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design and 63 patients who experienced telemedicine service at a private hospital in Pekanbaru, Indonesia, were involved and chosen by purposive sampling technique in June 2021. Data related to the topic were taken by using an online self-administered questionnaire which proved valid and reliable. Descriptive analysis by using SPSS was performed after data about patients’ perception of using telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic was available. The study showed 60.3% of participants who used telemedicine service were young adults and university graduates (84%). They also had good knowledge about COVID-19 (84%) and 63.5% of participants had a positive perception of using telemedicine. It can be concluded that although telemedicine was an alternative health service method during the COVID- 19 pandemic, participants who used the service had a positive image of the experience.
 Keywords: telemedicine, patient perception, COVID-19

Overeducation and scarring effects on the wages of young graduates

PurposeThe authors’ goal in this paper is to study if there are long-run effects on the wages of those workers who entered the labour market overeducated but who have, over time, been able to overcome this situation by obtaining a job for which they are correctly matched.Design/methodology/approachThis study universe is constituted by workers entering the labour market with a university degree between 2004 and 2012. The age range of these individuals is between 22 and 35 years old. With the data of the 8,359 selected individuals, the authors have constructed a balanced panel covering the period 2013–2017. This methodology is developed in two steps. First, the authors estimate a wage equation with the traditional variables and, second, the authors use the estimated coefficients of these variables to predict the wage paths of a representative individual in each group.FindingsThe main result the authors obtain indicates that the wages of those who manage to overcome an initial situation of overeducation do converge but very slowly to the respective wages of those others that entered the labour market correctly matched from the beginning. The authors consider this result to point towards the existence of scarring effects in wages induced by an initial situation of overeducation. The authors also present evidence, beyond education, about the influence that the occupational characteristics that a worker has on wages.Research limitations/implicationsThe factors that can influence the catching-up of wages are multiple, and it is not feasible to test all of them empirically. Therefore, the wage convergence process the authors present may also be influenced by other variables for which the authors do not have information.Practical implicationsThis paper contributes to different branches of the labour market. First, the authors present new evidence within the literature dealing with the so-called scarring effects on wages related to the conditions entering the labour market. Secondly, this study’s results provide a new argument that complements those developed so far that explain a reduction in the wage skill premium detected among young graduates in Spain. Finally, this paper contributes to advancing research about the effects that overeducation has on wages.Originality/valueThe question the authors are attempting to answer in this paper can be formulated in the following terms: when a worker manages to overcome an initial situation of overeducation, what happens to his/her wage? Will it adjust quickly to the new working situation, or will we observe a slow convergence to the wages of workers with an employment history without overeducation situations? To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this topic has not yet been studied. Researchers have mostly focused their attention on comparing the wages of overeducated workers with the wages of those who are correctly matched. In this case, the authors compare the wages of correctly matched workers, but with the difference that some were initially overeducated and others were not.

Shaping worker-citizenship: young vocational education graduates’ labour market positionings within new adulthood

ABSTRACT Young vocational graduates face many expectations related to the norms of worker-citizenship when entering the labour market. Due to contemporary uncertainties and the new realities of adulthood, meeting these expectations may not be easy. These expectations might also conflict with young adults’ desires. This paper examines how vocational education graduates position themselves in the labour market and what kind of worker-citizenship they produce in their working-life stories. The study is based on 32 individual interviews with 18- to 25-year-old vocational graduates with different positions in the Finnish labour market. The findings support earlier research on the importance of assuming the position of worker-citizen for these graduates. In new adulthood, they aim but are also forced to shape their worker-citizenship when, for some, vocational qualification has not redeemed its promises. Based on empirical findings, the article argues that ideals maintained in vocational education may need to be shaped within the unpredictable realities of new adulthood.

TVET FINANCING AND RESOURCING FOR THE SUSTENANCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN NIGERIA (A STUDY OF THE FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC ILARO)

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is very important for the empowerment of youths globally, the unemployment rate of young graduates in Nigeria has been on a steady increase for years, and several scholars had in their reports and findings opined that the government should invest in technical and vocational training for Nigerian youth. This study examined the funding of the Nigerian Polytechnics and Technological Institutions using the Federal Polytechnic Ilaro as a case study, to assess whether the current increase in the Tertiary Education Tax from 2% to 2.5%, can it have a positive impact on technological education? as the focus of this study. To examine whether the current increase will lead to an increase in the funding of Polytechnics in Nigeria or will revitalize vocational and technical education in Nigeria. The methodology for the study was the sourcing of information through both secondary and primary sources, the study is descriptive, and the oral interview was used to examine the opinion of practitioners and the users of the services of these Institutions The finding reveals that there exists a gap between the industry and our TVET institutions and that the government should increase the percentage given to the Polytechnics from the proceeds of the Tertiary Education tax, which presently is 25%. The study recommended that the TVET institutions should identify through interaction with industries the challenges they have and find a way to provide practical solutions, this will bridge the gap between the institutions and the industries. Government should increase the funding of the Polytechnics in the country through the increase in the percentage accruing to it from the Tertiary Education Tax.

A Generation in Pandemic - The First Longitudinal Study on the Career and the Emergence in the Labor Market of Graduates of a Dual Vocational School

The emergence in the field of work for the young graduates of vocational school is less studied in Romania. The present study is a longitudinal one and captures the evolution of the perception of the students of a dual vocational school about career and profession from the beginning of schooling until before graduation, given that this generation of students studied more online due to the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition to the differences in perception between the two rounds of questionnaires, the study also presents the situation of professional insertion of this generation, three months after the completion of professional studies.

Ticket to ride: national and international mobility as a multi-faceted resource in the life courses of young Italian graduates.

This paper looks at the national and international geographic mobility paths of young graduates in Italy and their educational and professional trajectories. By departing from the research fields of youth studies, mobility studies and higher education studies, we aim to highlight the multiple meanings and effects that mobility experiences may have in structuring graduates' future projects and/or desires. On the other hand, we argue that their expectations for both their mobility experiences and careers are also shaped by family socialisation, considering furthermore that the building of embodied and scholastic cultural capitals is spatially differentiated depending on the places where they grow up. The empirical research is based on two rounds of semi-narrative interviews conducted with 51 Italian graduates between 2020 and 2021. For the analysis, we have outlined four types of mobility paths. For each type, we focus on how socio-structural and cultural variables influence the ways the interviewees framed their mobility and professional experiences, desires and projects, focusing furthermore on how the Covid-19 pandemic differently affected their objective possibilities and strategies of mobility between the first and second waves.

THE IMPACT OF PERCEIVED EMPLOYABILITY ON THE EMPLOYMENT QUALITY OF MANAGEMENT GRADUATES: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF FOCUSED JOB SEARCH

Gaining quality employment as the outcome of an exhaustive job search process apparently has no clear pathway for success. With little experience of the job market, young graduates’ initial steps into the complexity of finding the right job essentially need guidance. This study provides insights on how recent management graduates could achieve long-term employment success through factors that would assist them in obtaining quality jobs. A conceptual framework rooted in social-cognitive career theory imparted the present study a twofold purpose of examining the effect of perceived employability (internal and external) and focused job search on employment quality (starting salary and job satisfaction) and investigating the intervening employment quality. A two-wave correlational study was performed which involved 250 recently employed management graduates. The structural equation modelling analysis via Partial Least Square (PLS) found that the internal perceived employability was significantly related to starting salary and job satisfaction. However, the external perceived employability was only significantly related to starting salary. Moreover, a competitive mediation by focused job search showed its negative influence on the relationship between internal perceived employability and starting salary. Finally, the results upheld that employability perceptions and a job search approach are vital aspects to be considered during the university-to-work transition. These insights would assist the career counsellors to instill positive employability perceptions in the focused management graduates to enhance their possibility of obtaining better pay and a more satisfying job.

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT INVENTORY FOR YOUNG BUSINESS GRADUATES IN PAKISTAN

Ponte Academic JournalMar 2023, Volume 79, Issue 3 PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT INVENTORY FOR YOUNG BUSINESS GRADUATES IN PAKISTANAuthor(s): Hafiz Haseeb Nisar ,Asia MushtaqJ. Ponte - Mar 2023 - Volume 79 - Issue 3 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2023.3.1 Abstract:The current environment of Pakistan has been endlessly experiencing negative economic development and growth situations. At the same time, the need for improving productivity and entrepreneurial activities has also highlighted the importance and concern. In such a scenario, entrepreneurs play a vital role in the overall economic growth of a country. This study aims to develop an indigenous multi-dimensional inventory for young business graduates to investigate their entrepreneurial potential for new startups. Additionally, it focuses on providing a general understanding of entrepreneurship in Pakistan for poverty reduction and economic development. The present research was a cross-sectional study and quantitative. This study design was used to explore factors associated with the professional development of entrepreneurs through the conduct of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The target population (n = 296) of the current research was different university students of business and management sciences in Pakistan. The study revealed that the newly developed inventory is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the multi-dimensions of entrepreneurial potential, which includes personality characteristics, traits, competencies, and skills of the respondents. Five factors have emerged after exploratory factor analysis, which provides for Personality Traits, Business Obstacles, Antecedents of Success, Business Ethics/Values, and Leadership skills. This research contributes to the policy and practice in entrepreneurial psychology. This study also contributed to the theoretical framework of entrepreneurship. It provided an indigenously developed instrument for assessing and predicting the personality profile of young business graduates in the context of entrepreneurship. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

John Stewart Dabell.

A highly regarded vet who was patient with young graduates and generous in giving them his time and his guidance. He was a giant of a man with a sense of humour to match.

Istraživanje nezaposlenosti mladih u Maroku - dokaz na temelju podataka na mikro nivou

This paper explores youth unemployment in Morocco using the Labor Force Survey of the 2019 data to estimate a logit model. The paper provides the evidence for the three categories of possible determinants of youth unemployment in Morocco. The first set of determinants are the geographic and sociodemographic characteristics such the sex, age, the marital status and the area of residence. Secondly, the socioeconomic factors such as the young people's family background and the number of workers per household play a decisive role in explaining youth unemployment in Morocco. Thirdly and finally, the results obtained in this study show that (regardless of their diplomas) young graduates are more likely to be unemployed than persons without a diploma. However, the influence a diploma type has on the probability of being unemployed varies according to the diploma type. The results obtained shed a light on the important characteristics of youth unemployment in Morocco and should serve as a guide for future research in more specific knowledge gaps.

A Two-Decade Odyssey: My Journey with the Bombay Orthopaedic Society

Introduction: In the fall of 1993, I arrived at King Circle station, a young orthopaedic graduate from the strife-ridden town of Jammu. Bombay, as it was known then, offered me the opportunity to work in one of the finest trauma centers in the country, a dream come true for someone displaced by the violent turmoil in Kashmir. Early Years and Professional Marvel (1993-2001): Working alongside esteemed colleagues such as NS Laud, VT Ingalhalikar, Joy Patankar, Ajay Puri, Ram Chaddha, and Arvind Goregaonkar felt like wielding a magic wand that turned everything to gold. Joining Sion Hospital, a professional marvel, was a significant leap for me. It was during this time that my friend, Ajay Puri, introduced me to the Bombay Orthopaedic Society (BOS), marking the beginning of a profound association. Executive Committee Member (2001-2003): Becoming an executive committee member in 2001 opened doors within BOS’s inner circles. The society, free from bias and politics, focused on nurturing the orthopaedic fraternity. Its unique selling point was enhancing orthopaedic surgery and promoting holistic development. Organising WIROC2003: The pinnacle of my involvement came when I organized WIROC2003, despite the personal adversity of losing my father. This flagship conference became a milestone, setting new standards in organization and academic excellence. From revolutionary conference organizing paradigms to creating academic events, BOS provided the freedom to unleash unrestrained creativity. Secretaryship and Refining Programs (2016-2018): Elected as Secretary in 2016, my role was to refine existing programs and introduce fresh academic activities, maintaining BOS’s academic dominance. Initiatives such as PG classes, the launch of the Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics, and more showcased a burning desire to contribute to the society. Presidency and Innovations (2023)): Now, as the President, I’ve introduced new programs like “Rising Star” and “Student of the Year” to recognize and inspire young talents. Tying it all together is WIROC 2023, with the theme “Brevis Longus Magnus,” aiming to solidify its status as the apex of orthopaedic education. Future Aspirations and Legacy: After relinquishing my office, I envision BOS exploring areas like orthopaedic advocacy, motivating the younger generation, and fostering empathy for patients. BOS, with its unbiased education and commitment to excellence, stands as a beacon for orthopaedic education and treatment. Conclusion: This two-decade journey from a reluctant newcomer to the President’s seat reflects the unique ethos of BOS. With a legacy of unwavering guidance from figures like LN Vora and Anand Thakur NS Laud, D D Tanna and many more who always stood up for BOS and it’s ethos. I shall leave with the confidence that BOS will continue to flourish, and maintain its place in exploring new frontiers in orthopaedic education and advocacy.

Behavioural Intention of Students to Enrol for Integrated and Honours Programmes as per NEP 2020

National Education Policy 2020 perceives an education system grounded in Indian ethos that significantly contributes to transforming India, or Bharat, sustainably into an inclusive and dynamic knowledge community by offering high-quality education for all, thereby attempting to make India a global knowledge superpower. The development of India into a democratic, just, socially conscious, cultured, and compassionate country preserving liberty, equality, fraternity, and justice for all envisioned in its Constitution depends greatly on higher education. In addition to developing well-rounded individuals with critical 21st-century skills in the arts, humanities, languages, sciences, social sciences, professional, technical, and vocational fields, such education will also foster an ethic of social engagement, soft skills as well as a rigorous specialisation in a particular field or fields. NEP 2020 will open a new horizon to young graduates by focusing on better teaching-learning methods and revolutionising the higher education sector. Since these calls for a major change in the traditional undergraduate programmes, it is essential to understand students’ perceptions towards this move and how they respond to such a change. This study aims to understand the behavioural intention of students to opt for integrated and honours programmes as envisaged by the NEP. The study adopted an exploratory as well as a descriptive research design. Sample respondents selected for the current study are the students pursuing their Plus-two course or those who completed it, waiting for their higher education in Kerala. The study results revealed that the behavioural intention of students to enrol for integrated and honours programmes is influenced by many factors: their perceived enjoyment, innovation anxiety, self-efficacy, performance expectancy, ease of learning, and usefulness.

Strategic Management and Performance of Information Technology Firms in Nigeria

The urgent need for diversification in the Nigerian economy has raised concerns in other sectors. The information technology (IT) sector remains the least developed despite increased government attention to IT and the need to encourage young graduates in the IT sector. Little seems to have been achieved so far; hence, this study assessed the influence of strategic management (SM) on the operational performance of IT firms in Nigeria. A sample of 195 managers of IT firms across the country of Nigeria were selected for this current study, and they were selected using a convenient sampling technique. The Pearson product correlation technique was used in analysing the data. It was found that there is a correlation between SM and the operational performance of IT firms in Nigeria. The study concludes that the presence of a sound SM would guarantee the improved operational performance of IT firms in Nigeria. It is recommended that IT firms’ managers be willing to come up with a detailed strategic plan and implement it to conduct regular evaluation and control their own strategy, as it is useful towards ensuring that they gain a competitive edge.

Humanitarian knowledge in higher education: On the issue of training scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel (on the example of graduate ecologists)

The purpose of the research is to peruse the dynamics of the real-life context for young graduates in Russia with regard to socio-cultural, axiological and pedagogical perspectives. Under the pressure from accelerating social demand to stimulate economic advancement, the tertiary education strives to align graduate research programmes with national priorities. Being a part of the Humanitarisation Project of the Industrial University of Tyumen, this research presents an analysis drawn from the perceptions of graduate students in ecology as the key stakeholders in their scientific pursuit.

ENCODE4OpenU and the Preparation and Delivery of an International Collaborative MOOC: A Preliminary Analysis of its Pedagogical and Technical Implementation

Among the potential intellectual outputs of the ENCODE project is the production of a MOOC that introduces teaching staff and scientific experts to the digital transition in the field of ancient writing cultures. The basis for this MOOC is the need to foster awareness of the importance of digital competences and to use a structured framework to introduce people to the available innovative teaching and learning materials and opportunities for organizing (self-)training in this field of research. For specialists in the humanities, there is often an unexpected reluctance to go beyond simply using digital tools and to deepen their understanding of the implications of the digital transitions of research fields, as well as considering the readiness of young graduates to acquire digital competences. This MOOC, which is easily accessible, affordable, sustainable, and flexible, may achieve the initial aim of the project, namely, bridging the gap between the highly specialized competences in the humanities and the innovative digital skills needed in open science practices. The main methodological issue concerns the design and adaptation of cooperative tools in order to implement a common pedagogical approach and to produce MOOC content that integrates the different competences and insights of the project participants. This report on the experiment provides useful insights into the differing expectations of academic staff as content producers, issues surrounding MOOC-cooperative design between universities in different countries, the usability of the tested platform and of the different features provided, and sustainability, as guaranteed through the connection with digital infrastructures. In the concluding section, the originality of the MOOC at a more general scale is emphasized. The ways in which the MOOC can facilitate and support the digital transition are assessed according to the FAIR principles in Higher Education Institutions. Moreover, the MOOC offers models for hands-on experiences of digital training and the evaluation of learning outcomes according to shared European frameworks; it demonstrates the importance of being connected with larger projects and digital infrastructures.

Locus Control and Entrepreneurial Intention among Nigerian Graduates: Mediation Analysis of Self-Efficacy and Need for Achievement

The study examines the mediating effects of self-efficacy (SE) and the need for achievement (NFA) on the relationship between locus of control (LC) and entrepreneurial intention (EI) among Nigerian graduates. A survey technique was used to select young graduates from Nigerian Tertiary Institutions that are on the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) in Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 300 copies of the structured questionnaire were administered to the respondents in the Ibadan metropolis but only 252 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved for the analysis. Data analysis was performed with the aid of Path Analysis. The results reveal that LC has a positive and significant association with SE, NFA and EI. Evidence also indicates that SE partially mediates between LC and EI. It was also found that the NFA partially mediates between LC and EI. For this reason, experiential learning should be integrated into short and long terms entrepreneurship training. This allows students to further develop their self-efficacy as entrepreneurs and motivation to perform by successfully entering the world of business. This will go a long way in reducing the dire unemployment rate in the country and promote imaginative and positive 2030 aspirations for sustainable development.

Exploring the Career Decisions of High-Achieving Graduates-: A Case of the University of Loralai

Teachers play a key role in society. He is a person who produces leadership in society and prepares people for modern times, giving them knowledge and wisdom. Those are the teachers who educate the people and create humanity, and these people play an important role in making a society prosperous. They become a strong foundation of their country. This research was specifically conducted on the career choice of University of Loralai graduates under the Department of Education. The objective of the study was to find the factor that motivates high achievers towards teaching as a career. It was a qualitative research study followed by semi-structured interviews. All the students at the Department of Education whose GPA and CGPA was more than 3.5 were the population of the study. Out of this population, ten students (male 05, female 05) were selected as the sample of the study. An interview guide was developed, and data were collected. It was comprised of two parts: the first was about personal information, and the second part consisted of detailed questions about their career choice. After collecting the data, a thematic analysis was done. The major findings of the study were career choice motivation, the timing of career decision, the idea to consider teaching as a career, feeling like a teacher, advice for teaching, memorable moments, life goals, career doubts, overcoming doubts, and most favorite profession. The findings of the study recommended that families must have a supportive role in the career selection of young graduates.