Young Elderly Research Articles

Polypharmacy and the Contributing Factors Among Elderly Patients in Shashemene Referral Hospital, West Arsi, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Background: Population ageing is a result of high life expectancy and declining fertility. Medication use in older people is a particular public health concern since the older population has a higher prevalence of multiple drug use referred to as ‘poly-pharmacy’. This study aimed to determine poly-pharmacy and the contributing factors among elderly patients at Shashemene Referral Hospital. Materials and methods: A Health facility based prospective cross sectional study was conducted. Elders of 65 and above years old were enrolled. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 16.0 software. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess association of variables with poly-pharmacy. Statistical significance was conducted at p-value<0.05. Results: The total number of population enrolled in the study was 116 elders (60 yrs old and above). Among this, 59.5% were males. The primary diagnosis of most patients was infection (50% (n=58)) and followed by cardiovascular disorders (18.1% (n=21)). The widely used drug group was antimicrobials (58.7%), followed by cardiovascular (25%) and GIT drugs (13.8%). Almost half, (48.3%), of population were taking 1-2 drugs. The maximum total number of drug per patient was seven drugs of the same or different classes. Poly-pharmacy was observed among almost one-third (32.75%) of study subjects with highest prevalence among younger elders (65yrs-69 yrs old). The polypharmacy that has been seen in elderly in highest prevalence was appropriate poly-pharmacy, 79%. Co-morbidity (AOR=7.427) and occupation, employee, (AOR=8.840) were the contributing factors of poly-pharmacy. Conclusion and recommendations: In this study, a total of 116 elderly patients, 69 males and 47 females, were involved. The primary diagnosis of most patients was infection. Co-morbidity has been seen in over one-third of the study subjects. The widely used drug group was antimicrobials, followed by cardiovascular. The study also shows that poly-pharmacy was prevalent in almost one third of the elderly patients in SRH. The multivariate logistic regression showed that co-morbidity and occupation, employee, were the factors independently associated with poly-pharmacy. The health care system should improve the prescribing process among elderly patients.

Functional ability in younger and older elderlies after discharge from the intensive care unit. A prospective cohort.

ObjectiveTo compare the functional capacity of younger elderly individuals (60 to 79 years old) with that of older elderly individuals (≥ 80 years old) during the first 6 months after discharge from the intensive care unit.MethodsA multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted, in which data on intensive care unit admission and outcomes after hospital discharge (immediate post-discharge, after 3 months and after 6 months) were collected. Muscle strength was evaluated through the protocol of the Medical Research Council and dynamometry (handgrip); the ability to perform activities of daily life and functional independence were assessed by the Barthel index and the usual level of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire); and quality of life was assessed by the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey Version 2.ResultsAmong the 253 patients included, 167 were younger elderly (between 61 and 79 years old), and 86 were older elderly (≥ 80 years old). During the sixth month of evaluation, the older elderlies presented a higher need for a caregiver (69.0% versus 49, 5%, p = 0.002). Functional capacity prior to intensive care unit admission and in the third month after discharge was lower in older elderlies than in younger ones (Barthel prior to the intensive care unit: 73.0 ± 30.0 versus 86.5 ± 22.6; p <0.001, Barthel in the third month: 63.5 ± 34.0 versus 71.5 ± 35.5, p = 0.03), as was the usual level of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire in the third month: active/very active 3.4% versus 18.3%, no physical activity 64.4% versus 39.7%, p < 0.001, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire in the sixth month: active/very active 5.8% versus 20.8%, no physical activity 69.2% versus 43.4%, p = 0.005). Older elderlies had lower muscle strength when assessed according to handgrip in both the dominant (14.5 ± 7.7 versus 19.9 ± 9.6, p = 0.008) and non-dominant limb (13.1 ± 6.7 versus 17.5 ± 9.1, p = 0.02). There were no differences in functional capacity loss or reported quality of life between the age groups.ConclusionAlthough there were great functional capacity losses after discharge from the intensive care unit in both age groups, there was no difference in the magnitude of functional capacity loss between younger (60 to 79 years) and older elderly individuals (≥ 80 years old) during the first 6 months after discharge from the intensive care unit.

Short-Term Impact of a Combined Nutraceutical on Cognitive Function, Perceived Stress and Depression in Young Elderly with Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot, Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.

The prevalence of senile dementia is increasing worldwide, especially in the developed countries. Nevertheless, drug therapy isn't often enough to treat this condition. Researchers are evaluating the possible impact of a preventive approach, based on an improvement of lifestyle and the intake of micronutrients. Moreover, there is an increasing interest for combined nutraceuticals that can act as memory and learning enhancers, with a significant and beneficial potential on the cognitive disorders. To evaluate the effects of a rational assemblage of nutraceuticals on cognitive functions in a sample of 30 elderly subjects. Double bind, cross-over designed trial versus placebo Setting: outpatient clinical practice. 30 elderly subjects with basal Mini-Mental State Examination score between 20 and 27 and self-perceived cognitive decline. Treatment with a combination of nutraceuticals based on Bacopa monnieri, L-theanine, Crocus sativus, copper, folate and vitamins of B and D group. After2 months of treatment or placebo. Patients were evaluated with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and Index and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SRDS). MMSE and PSQ Index significantly improved in the active treatment arm, both versus baseline and versus the parallel arm. Both groups experienced a significant improving in the SRDS scores. We obtained a good and significant improvement of the cognitive functions tested with the MMSE, PSQ-Index and SRDS score, after 2 months of combined therapy of nutraceuticals. Further confirmation will be needed to verify these observations on the middle and long term in a larger number of subjects.

A comparative study of central corneal thickness measurement in four different groups by specular microscope

Background: A prospective, randomized, single-site clinical trial conducted on patients attending our eye outpatient department. Objective: To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements by noncontact specular microscope in young, elder, cataract, and chronic primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. Materials and Methods: Total 120 patients were selected which were divided into four groups of 30 patients in each group, i.e., Group A, B, C, and D. CCT was measured by noncontact specular microscopy. Group A was considered control group for rest of the groups while Group B was considered as a control for Group C and D. The P value was calculated using student paired t-test and P < 0.005 was considered significant. Results: In our study, out of 120 patients 74 (61.66%) were male while 46 (38.33%) were female. Male predominance is seen in all groups. In Group A the mean CCT was 545.17 ± 31.43 μm, in Group B it was 547.67 ± 21.16 μm, in Group C CCT was 524.03 ± 27.48 μm while in Group D it was 467.53 ± 31.21 μm. POAG patients have significantly lesser CCT as compared to other three groups. Conclusion: In this study, no significant difference in CCT of male and female was seen. Aging and cataract had no significant effect on CCT. Glaucoma patients had significantly lower CCT than young patients (P < 0.001) and elder patients (P < 0.001). It concludes that POAG patients have thinner cornea.

Evaluation of dietary cholesterol intake in elderly Chinese: a longitudinal study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate daily cholesterol intake across demographic factors and its food sources in elderly Chinese.DesignA longitudinal study was conducted using demographic and dietary data for elders aged...

Digital Wellness Services for Young Elderly: a Missed Opportunity for Mobile Services

The ageing population of Europe is a concern for political decision makers and visions on how to deal with the issues are being debated. The issues raised concern elderly people, the age group 75-90 years, but not much thought is given the young elderly- the age groups 60-75 years-as the serious age-related problems are not visible among them. Nevertheless, pro-active preventive action programs among the young elderly could significantly reduce the problems society faces when people become elderly. We will address the issues with the ageing population from the perspective of digital wellness services that are designed, produced and offered over omnivore platforms on smart mobile phones and backed up by analytics tools over cloud services. The aim is to keep the young elderly healthy, active and independent when they reach the 75+ age group. In this research the digital wellness services are proposed as effective interventions to build wellness routines. The design of wellness services need to be done through co-creation with the young elderly, not for them.

A Comparision of the Effect of Sugammadex on the Recovery Period and Postoperative Residual Block in Young Elderly and Middle-Aged Elderly Patients.

The importance of the characteristics of anesthesia and postoperative residual curarization (PORC) in the elderly population should be a growing concern in this century. To investigate the effect of sugammadex on the duration of the recovery from neuromuscular blocking agents and postoperative residual curarization in the young elderly and middle-aged elderly patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, followed by a train of four (TOF) watch monitorization. Prospective clinical trial study. Sixty patients over the age of 65 with American Society of Anesthesiologists I-III were divided into two groups according to their age (65-74 years old and ≥75 years old). Patients received sugammadex (2.0 mg/kg iv) at the reappearance of the second twitch of the TOF as an agent for reversal of neuromuscular blockage at the end of surgery. Patients were extubated at the time of TOF ≥0.9. The patients' TOF responses were evaluated with regards to PORC in at the 5th minute and were followed up for one hour in the recovery room. Reintubation was applied for those patients who developed PORC and had peripheric oxygen saturation <90% despite being given 6 L oxygen per min with a face mask. The onset time of neuromuscular blocking agent and time from T2 to achieve TOF ratio 90% (the duration of sugammadex effect) or over were found to be longer in the middle-aged elderly group than in the young elderly group. A statistically significant relationship was found between age and the duration of TOF ratio to reach 0.9 in the same direction. The PORC incidence and rate of reintubation were found to be 1.7% in all patients. In our opinion, it is necessary to remember that the duration of sugammadex effect on the recovery period is prolonged for patients who are aged ≥75 years compared to patients aged between 65-74 years. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: ACTRN12615000758505).

Structural MRI Biomarkers of Mild Cognitive Impairment from Young Elders to Centenarians.

Underpinnings of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) change with increasing age. We hypothesize that MRI signatures of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) would be different at a higher age compared to younger elders. 244 participants (71-103 years) from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study and the Sydney Centenarian Study were categorized as amnestic MCI (aMCI), non-amnestic MCI (naMCI) or cognitively normal (CN). Brain "atrophy" and white matter hyper-intensities (WMHs) associated with MCI subtypes and age effects were examined by general linear models, controlling for confounding factors. Reduced logistic regressions were performed to determine structures that best discriminated aMCI from CN in individuals <85 and those ≥85 years. aMCI was associated with smaller volumes of overall cortex, medial temporal structures, anterior corpus callosum, and select frontal and parietal regions compared to CN; such associations did not significantly change with age. Structures that best discriminated aMCI from CN differed however in the <85 and ≥85 age groups: cortex, putamen, parahippocampal, precuneus and superior frontal cortices in <85 years, and the hippocampus, pars triangularis and temporal pole in ≥85 years. Differences between naMCI and CN were small and non-significant in the sample. WMHs were not significantly associated with MCI subtypes. Structural MRI distinguishes aMCI, but not naMCI, from CN in elderly individuals. The structures that best distinguish aMCI from CN differ in those <85 from those ≥85, suggesting different neuropathological underpinnings of cognitive impairment in the very old.

Does Retirement Promote Healthy Behaviors in Young Elderly Korean People?

Research Highlights • The study sought to examine the association between retirement and health behaviors in South Korea • Study adopted stress theory framework to assess the relationship between retirement and health behavior of Korean young elderly, specifically. • Gender differences were noted in the relationship between retirement and health behaviors. • Retired men were less likely to engage in heavy smoking or drinking than employed men • Retired men and women were more likely to engage in physical activity than employed individuals • Retired women were more likely to be overweight than employed women

Development and Validation of a Measure of Quality of Life for the Young Elderly in Sri Lanka.

Sri Lanka has one of the fastest aging populations in the world. Measurement of quality of life (QoL) in the elderly needs instruments developed that encompass the sociocultural settings. An instrument was developed to measure QoL in the young elderly in Sri Lanka (QLI-YES), using accepted methods to generate and reduce items. The measure was validated using a community sample. Construct, criterion and predictive validity and reliability were tested. A first-order model of 24 items with 6 domains was found to have good fit indices (CMIN/df = 1.567, RMR = 0.05, CFI = 0.95, and RMSEA = 0.053). Both criterion and predictive validity were demonstrated. Good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.93) was shown. The development of the QLI-YES using a societal perspective relevant to the social and cultural beliefs has resulted in a robust and valid instrument to measure QoL for the young elderly in Sri Lanka.

Higher Fasting Plasma Glucose Levels, within the Normal Range, are Associated with Decreased Processing Speed in High Functioning Young Elderly.

We explored the association of plasma glucose levels within the normal range with processing speed in high functioning young elderly, free of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A sample of 41 participants (mean age = 64.7, SD = 10; glucose 94.5 mg/dL, SD = 9.3), were examined with a computerized cognitive battery. Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that higher plasma glucose levels, albeit within the normal range (<110 mg/dL), were associated with longer reaction times (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that even in the subclinical range and in the absence of T2DM, monitoring plasma glucose levels may have an impact on cognitive function.

Frailty still matters to health and survival in centenarians: the case of China

BackgroundFrailty indicates accumulated vulnerability of adverse health outcomes in later life. Its robustness in predicting dependent living, falls, comorbidity, disability, health change, mortality, and health care utilization at older ages is well-documented. However, almost no studies have ever attempted to examine its robustness in centenarians, mainly due to data unavailability. This study examines prevalence of frailty in centenarians and its predictive powers on subsequent mortality and health conditions.MethodsWe use a sample of 4434 centenarians from the 2002, 2005, 2008, and 2011 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), with elders in three younger age groups 65–79, 80–89, and 90–99 as comparisons. Frailty is measured by a cumulative deficit index (DI) that is constructed from 39 variables covering physical and cognitive function, disease conditions, psychological well-being, and other health dimensions. Survival analysis is conducted to examine how frailty is associated with subsequent mortality at an average follow-up length of 3.7 years (2.6 years for deceased persons died in 2002–2011 and 7.6 years for survived persons at the 2011 wave). Logistic regressions are applied to examine how frailty is associated with subsequent physical and cognitive functions, disease conditions, and self-rated health with an average follow-up length of 3.0 years.ResultsThe study reveals that centenarians are frailer than younger elders. The DI scores increase from less than 0.1 at ages 65–79 to over 0.30 in centenarians. Women are frailer than men at all ages. However, there is a great variation in frailty among all age groups. We also find that each additional increase of 0.01 score of the DI is associated with 1.6 % higher mortality risk (95 % CI: 1.014–1.018) in female centenarians and 1.4 % higher mortality risk (95 % CI: 1.010–1.018) in male centenarians, although these associations are weaker than those in other three younger age groups.ConclusionsFrailty still plays an important role in determining subsequent health outcomes and mortality in centenarians.

Vocal Parameters of Elderly Female Choir Singers.

Introduction Due to increased life expectancy among the population, studying the vocal parameters of the elderly is key to promoting vocal health in old age. Objective This study aims to analyze the profile of the extension of speech of elderly female choristers, according to age group. Method The study counted on the participation of 25 elderly female choristers from the Choir of Messianic Church of São Paulo, with ages varying between 63 and 82 years, and an average of 71 years (standard deviation of 5.22). The elders were divided into two groups: G1 aged 63 to 71 years and G2 aged 72 to 82. We asked that each participant count from 20 to 30 in weak, medium, strong, and very strong intensities. Their speech was registered by the software Vocalgrama that allows the evaluation of the profile of speech range. We then submitted the parameters of frequency and intensity to descriptive analysis, both in minimum and maximum levels, and range of spoken voice. Results The average of minimum and maximum frequencies were respectively 134.82–349.96 Hz for G1 and 137.28–348.59 Hz for G2; the average for minimum and maximum intensities were respectively 40.28–95.50 dB for G1 and 40.63–94.35 dB for G2; the vocal range used in speech was 215.14 Hz for G1 and 211.30 Hz for G2. Conclusion The minimum and maximum frequencies, maximum intensity, and vocal range presented differences in favor of the younger elder group.

Body Composition and Hydration Status in Young Elderly Women after 6 Weeks’ Monavie Juice Supplementation

This study was designed to determine the influence of 6 weeks’ MonaVie juice supplementation on body composition and hydration status in young elderly physically active women. Sixteen women, students of University of Third Age, were recruited for this study. All women were physically active (daily energy expenditure 1681.8 ± 297.6 kcal/d). Women were divided into 2 groups: 8 of them applied a supplement MonaVie juice (100 ml/d) (S) for 6 weeks, while the eight other women were allocated to the control group (C). There were measured: BW, Fat%, TBW, Hb, HCT and erythrocyte indices: RBC, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Based on Hb and HCT were calculated changes: blood (del BV%), plasma (del PV%) and cell (del CV%) volumes in C and S group. Before experiment all body components and hematologic indices were similar in C and S group. After 6 weeks of MonaVie supplementation no significant changes in body composition but significant decrease: (MCH), (MCHC) and an increase cell volume CV% + 2.89 ± 1.24% were found. In control group after 6 weeks period there were no significant changes in body components and hematological indices. These observations suggest that MonaVie supplementation does not induce significant changes in body composition and hydration status in young elderly women, however causes an increase of cells volume and a decrease of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration.

The Effects of Survival Predictors Before Hemodialysis Initiation is Different in Adults and the Elderly

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the risk markers of sex, education, marital status, nephrology referral, and progression of comorbid conditions before hemodialysis (HD) on the survival of incident HD patients in different age groups. A total of 7729 incident HD patients were recruited in this retrospective cohort study in 2006 and followed up to the end of 2007. Patients were divided according to their age, being classified as Adult (18–64 years), Young Elderly (65–74 years), or Old Elderly ≥ 75 years. The progressive Romano-Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCIp) was used to predict survival outcomes, CCIp = CCI −1 –CCI −3 , where CCI −1 and CCI −3 are the CCI scores in the 1 st year and 3 rd year before HD initiation, respectively. The Cox regression model was used to analyze the associated factors of survival. Male patients were found to have a higher risk of mortality than females in each age group. Education ≤ 6 years was an independent risk marker for mortality in the Adult group. The effect of marital status and early nephrology referral on survival was more significant in the elderly groups. The CCIp and CCI -3 ≥ 3 were independent risk markers for mortality in each group. The CCIp was a more valuable predictor of survival in adults than in elderly HD patients. The effects of sex, education, marital status, early nephrology referral, and severity of CCI -3 and CCIp before HD initiation on patient survival vary in different age groups.

Nostalgia and Sentimentality Among Minority Elderly People (Bulgarian Roma People and Hungarians Living in Romania)

Nostalgia and sentimentality are very typical for the old age. There are some characteristics that are perceived as typical for the elderly people in the different cultures, such as being dependent, and needing long-term care. There are also some similarities between the population tendencies in Bulgaria and Romania. The simultaneously acceptance in European Union of both countries also suggests the existence of some similar attitudes towards the past among elderly minority people in both countries. The hypothesis of the study was that together with some similarities, the elderly people from both ethnic minorities in the two countries would differ cross-culturally in their sentimentality and nostalgia related to the past. Sentimentality and nostalgia in elderly minority people (26 Roma people in Bulgaria and 21 Hungarians in Romania) were measured by means of a questionnaire created by Gergov &amp; Stoyanova (2013). The results indicated that the Hungarian minority in Romania was more sentimental and nostalgic than the Roma minority in Bulgaria. More thoughts about the past reported the minority young elders than the minority oldest old. The females from the minority groups were more sentimental than the males from the minority groups. Higher sentimentality and nostalgia among elderly Hungarians could be explained by their higher conservatism and more satisfaction with the hystorical past than Roma people. Roma people living in institutions felt a sense of stability in their present and they shared some positive expectations for the future.

Qualitative and Semiquantitative Analysis of Fecal Bifidobacterium Species in Centenarians Living in Bama, Guangxi, China.

Centenarians constitute a significant subpopulation in the Bama County of Guangxi province in China. The beneficial effects of intestinal microbiota, especially bifidobacteria of centenarians, have been widely accepted; however, knowledge about Bifidobacterium species in centenarians is not adequate. The aim of this study was to investigate the quantity and prevalence of fecal Bifidobacterium in healthy longevous individuals. Fecal samples from eight centenarians from Bama (aged 100 to 108years), eight younger elderlies from Bama (aged 80 to 99years), and eight younger elderlies from Nanning (aged 80 to 99years) were analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, species-specific clone library, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology (qPCR). A total of eight different Bifidobacterium species were detected. B. dentium, B. longum, B. thermophilum, B. pseudocatenulatum/B. catenulatum, and B. adolescentis were common in fecal of centenarians and young elderly. B. minimum, B. saecularmay/B. pullorum/B. gallinarum, and B. mongoliense were found in centenarians but were absent in the younger elderlies. In addition, Bifidobacterium species found in centenarians were different from those found in Bama young elderly and Nanning young elderly, and the principal differences were the significant increase in the population of B. longum (P<0.05) and B. dentium (P<0.05) and the reduction in the frequency of B. adolescentis (P<0.05), respectively. Centenarians tend to have more complex fecal Bifidobacterium species than young elderlies from different regions.

Treating diabetes mellitus in older and oldest old patients.

There is a rapidly growing number of persons reaching extreme age limits. Indeed, the fastest growth is found in those over the age of 80 years or octogenarians. Along with this continuous rise, there is a significant increase in type 2 diabetes in this population. Unfortunately, individuals living past 80 years of age are often accompanied by numerous comorbidities and geriatric conditions, all which render anti-diabetic treatment options challenging. Indeed the principles of managing type 2 diabetes are similar to younger patients. Special considerations in this delicate group are essential due to the increased prevalence of comorbidities and relative inability to tolerate adverse effects of medication and severe hypoglycemia. It is important to recall that octogenarians have shown to have a greater prevalence for cognitive impairment, physical disability, ren al and hepatic dysfunction, and syndromes, such as frailty compared to younger elders. The frailty syndrome is considered one of the most important limitations when treating octogenarians with type 2 diabetes in polypharmacy. Due to the lack of evidence for specific targets of glucose and glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels in the elderly, available treatment guidelines are based on data extrapolation from younger adults and expert opinion citing reliable evidence. Overall, the most important conclusion emerging from these groups is to accomplish a moderate glycemic control (A1C levels between 7 -8%) in complex elderly patients. However, the risk of hypoglycemia from some treatments may present the greatest significant barrier to optimal glycemic control for the very old. The present review discusses the highlights from the latest guidelines for treating older persons and underlines the need for specific considerations when treating the very old in order to maintain a balance between treating comorbidities and maintaining quality of life.

Clinicoradiological Profile of Lower Lung Field Tuberculosis Cases among Young Adult and Elderly People in a Teaching Hospital of Madhya Pradesh, India.

Aim. To study the clinical and radiological features of lower lung field tuberculosis (LLFTB) in relation to the patients of nonlower lung field tuberculosis (non-LLFTB). Material and Methods. All the patients of lower lung field tuberculosis defined by the lesions below an arbitrary line across the hila in their chest X-rays were included in the study. Their sputum for acid fast bacilli, HIV, blood sugar, and other relevant investigations were performed. Results. The total of 2136 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis was studied. Among them 215 (10%) cases of patients were diagnosed as the case of lower lung field tuberculosis. Females (62%) were more commonly affected. Most common clinical feature in non-LLFTB was cough (69%) followed by fever (65%), chest pain (54.7%), and weight loss (54.4%). Chest X-ray showed predominance of right side (60.9%) in cases of LLFTB. The relative risk of having the LLFTB in diabetes patients, HIV seropositive patients, end stage renal disease patients, and patients on corticosteroid therapy was high. Conclusion. Lower lung field tuberculosis is not an uncommon entity. It is more common in diabetes, HIV positive, end stage renal disease, and corticosteroid treated patients. Clinical and radiological features are different from upper lobe tuberculosis patients.

Body Mass Index Is Associated with Hypertension in Japanese Young Elderly Individuals: Findings of the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation.

This study aimed to investigate the association between BMI at 65 years of age and the development of hypertension during the subsequent five years. A total of 1,003 participants (65 years of age) who had no history of myocardial infarction and/or hypertension at baseline health check-ups (1996-2005) and participated in a secondary health check-up when the subjects reached 70 years of age were analyzed. Using fully adjusted models, men with a BMI of <18.5 [odds ratio (OR), 4.08; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.32-1.83], BMI of 23.0-24.9 (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.18-3.40) and BMI of ≥25.0 (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.10-3.56) were found to be at higher risk of developing hypertension than did those with a BMI of 18.5-22.9. Leanness or being overweight/obese at age 65 increases the risk of subsequent hypertension.