Young Algerians Research Articles

The Perception of Communication on COVID-19 by Young Algerians

The Perception of Communication on COVID-19 by Young Algerians

Understanding Young People’s Use of Civic and Political Engagement as a Path to Employment in Algeria: A Functional Analysis

This article discusses a situation in which civic and political engagement worked for young Algerians as a pathway to employment, attempting to understand why they used this method. A functional analysis inspired by psychological studies on volunteering was applied to analyse 17 interviews conducted with young people who expressed the motivation for employment in the context of engagement with political parties and associations. The results show that engagement with these organizations was a way of strengthening human, social and cultural capital that reflects young people’s agency to cope in a context where access to employment requires the ability to navigate through different paths. On the other hand, some inclusive roles of political parties and associations in terms of offering young people socio-professional integration and social development were found.

The use of smartphones among young people

The aim of this article is to understand the phenomenon of the acquisition and use of smartphones by young Algerians, using a usage and gratification model approach and focusing on the user as the central actor. To do this, we targeted the category of young consumers, with a diverse sample in terms of age. The aim is to identify the level of penetration of mobile telephony by young consumers; to identify the ways in which they acquire and use mobile telephony; and finally, to identify the prospects for changes in usage practices (expectations). The recommended sample for this study is made up of 800 young consumers from the different states of Algeria. This article highlights the complexity of the relationship between young people and their smartphones, highlighting a diverse range of uses that reflect the multifunctional nature of these devices.

THE LANGUAGE PRACTICES OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL ‎SOCIAL NETWORKS (DSN) IN ALGERIA

The objective of the research is the observation and description of the speech produced online, ‎on the digital social network Facebook in Algerian context by vocalizing on the study of ‎creative language material put into practice by young Algerians in this digital discourse very ‎often marked by the blending but also its technical side and the environment of its appearance ‎and evolution. In this contribution, the focus is on describing and understanding the ‎interrelationship between language and non-linguistic, neocodic, neographic and plurilectal ‎resources that young people in the NSN use to comment on digital content. Thus, this techno-‎discursivity imposes a qualitative and quantitative approach to study the corpus composed of ‎the comments of the young people that we collected on Algerian pages for a period of three ‎months during the year 2021‎.‎

The Entrepreneurial Intention of Algerian Students: Between Disillusionment of the Entrepreneurial Climate and Self-Confidence

This article studies the entrepreneurial intention of Algerian students to explain the weakness in business creation in the country. Theoretical and empirical evidence on this subject is scarce, particularly among young Algerians. By combining two dominant research trends in the field of entrepreneurship, namely an approach based on contextual factors, and one based on individual characteristics, we examined the impact of perceived entrepreneurial climate and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on Algerian students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Our study, contextualized in the student environment, aims to analyze how entrepreneurship education moderated the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. Based on a sample of 302 students, our survey yielded two important results. The first was the negative effect of perceived entrepreneurial climate on entrepreneurial intention. The second was that as a moderating factor, entrepreneurship education did not reinforce the significant direct influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on the intention to start a business among Algerian students. These insights may help improve the level of entrepreneurial intention within developing countries.

Le français langue étrangère et les représentations sociolangagières par Achraf Djeghar

Reviewed by: Le français langue étrangère et les représentations sociolangagières par Achraf Djeghar Shannon D. Halicki Djeghar, Achraf. Le français langue étrangère et les représentations sociolangagières. L'Harmattan, 2020. ISBN 978-2-343-17222-4. Pp. 290. Despite the broad scope of the title, the primary research in this volume consists of a longitudinal study of students majoring in French at Constantine University in Algeria. Part I departs from an age-old question: how well can one master a second language without learning about cultures where it is spoken? Djeghar's literature review forms an excellent primer, if not a treatise, on the psychological reality of cultural representations and the importance of culture modules in second/foreign language curricula. Djeghar argues that learning a new language does not only consist of the technical aspects of gaining a new linguistic code. For full mastery, one must also learn a new cultural and socialization system, which means that linguistic competence and cultural competence are intertwined. Teaching Français langue étrangère (FLE) in Algeria is a case study of the interplay between pedagogy, cultural "baggage," and learning outcomes. According to Djeghar, FLE in Algeria historically focused on language and literature modules while neglecting cultural content. It was only during Licence-Master-Doctorat reform that Constantine University adopted new content objectives including Cultures de la langue française (CDL). Part II describes Djeghar's present study and provides rationale. The design includes quantitative and qualitative analysis of 100 undergraduate students majoring in French. Data were collected and analyzed from a written survey as well as an oral interview with a portion of the participants, and follow-up occurred during the three-year program of study. Djeghar's first hypothesis is that mental cultural representations of the French influence learning. Second, she hypothesizes that cultural instruction—specifically the new CDL content—changes students' cultural representations of French people. Part III presents a discussion of the results as well as pedagogical considerations. Given the challenges inherent to designing a controlled study of L2 language and L2 cultural acquisition, the quantitative data provide a baseline for future study, but fall short of addressing broader research questions stated in the book. For example, the quantitative analysis of student language improvement is based on self-assessment and is inconclusive. However, the qualitative data form a rich illustration of the complex associations (both positive and negative) that young Algerians have with France and the French. The pre-course survey indicates that French is seen as a language of prestige, elegance, progress, and professional success. On the other hand, French is also seen as a language of oppression, colonialism, and secularism. Post-course survey data suggests that students gain enhanced, more nuanced cultural views of France during CDL instruction. The conclusion of this book conveys hope and optimism about the benefits of cultural instruction. Overall the book will appeal to educators and researchers interested in cultural representation and acquisition. [End Page 280] Shannon D. Halicki West Liberty University (WV) Copyright © 2021 American Association of Teachers of French

Algerian youth and the political struggle for dignity: evolution, trends and new forms of mobilisation

ABSTRACT Since the popular protests of 2011, young people in Middle Eastern and North African societies have been at the core of a plethora of research and studies. Eight years later, in early 2019, Algerian youth-led protests again surprised the world, highlighting the need to better understand the social and political commitments of young people in fast changing societies. Traditional forms of mobilisation and mediation with state authorities such as political parties, trade unions and civil society organisations seem to be losing ground with regard to channelling youth anger and frustration, and new independent forms of mobilisation have emerged, sometimes ephemerally. Young Algerians are no exception. The path they have taken to challenge the established order explores new methods and contents. The traditional commitment to civil society organisations and trade unions is not as appealing as it used to be and organisations created in the 1990s have found it difficult to make the handover to the next generation. The human and women’s rights organisations, trade unions and other civil society organisations that once led the struggle for democracy and human rights are no longer able to attract the young generation. The purpose of the paper is twofold: it provides an analysis of why young people are turning away from traditional forms of engagement related to the defence of human rights, whether political, economic and social or gender rights; and it examines the new paths and trends determining Algerian youth engagement in the context of the broader human rights agenda.

Why Do Algerians Code Switch on Facebook? Attitudes and Motives

As Facebook has expeditiously developed into one of the best-liked modes of communication on the Internet, language has also been inveigled in terms of its use, usage and practices. Code-switching (CS), the alternate use of more than one language in a discourse, is one of the language phenomena which have demonstrated actual infiltration, connotation and implication on language production and exchange among Algerian Facebook users. This research investigates attitudes that lie behind the manifestation of such language switching. The present work aims to raise its problematic in the multilingual Arabic-French-English Facebook discourse of young Algerian University students of English living in Oran. Our corpus consists of 75 participants. Data was gathered from a questionnaire which was administered to explore attitudes towards Arabic, French and English language use in concordance with code switching phenominality in online written discourse. Collected data was quantified, analysed and discussed. Results showed that a great majority of the respondents code-switch in Facebook. Furthermore, it is found that students are highly positive in their attitudes toward the use of code-switching in Facebook communication. It is suggested that many of the Algerian Facebook users employ CS as a tool not only to enhance socializing but also academic activities.

Could ZnT8 antibodies replace ICA, GAD, IA2 and insulin antibodies in the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?

BackgroundThe zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) is an islet β-cell secretory granule membrane protein coded by the SLC30A8 gene, identified as a novel autoantigen in human type 1 diabetes (T1D). As no data of ZnT8ab in Algerian patients have been reported, we aim to evaluate the prevalence of ZnT8ab in young Algerians with T1D and determine whether ZnT8ab could be a better diagnostic tool to replace the other conventional autoantibodies detected in patients with type 1 diabetes. For this purpose, we evaluated the prevalence of islets cells antibodies (ICA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), islet antigen type 2 (IA2), insulin (IA) autoantibodies (ab) and for the first time in Algeria, the zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) in young Algerian patients with type 1 diabetes. Patients and methodsIn our cross-sectional study, 160 patients between 1 and 35 years old, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were enrolled. ICAab was analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), GADab, IA2ab, IAab and ZnT8ab were analyzed by ELISA, fasting blood glucose was performed by enzymatic method (glucose-oxidase) and HbA1c by turbid metric method. ResultsOur cohort was composed with 74 males and 86 females (OR=1.16); the mean of age was 14.09 [1–35] years old and the median diabetes duration was 4.10 [1–18] years. Our cohort had a mean of HbA1c of 9.22 [5.40–15]%, the mean of birth weight was 3360.52 [2200–4800]g; the mean of BMI was 19.30 [16.04–22.46]kg/m2. Out of 160 patients, 44 (27.5%) were under mother breastfeeding and 116/160 (72.5%) were under artificial feeding. One antibody, at least, was found in 94.38% and the ZnT8ab was significantly more positive in females (70.3%) than in males (10.7%) (***P=8.033×10−15). The concentration of ZnT8ab was higher in females than in males (females=122.25UI/mL versus males=51.38UI/mL; *P=0.03); ICAab, GADab and ZnT8ab were more present in patients with consanguineous parents (***P=0.0002, *P=0.019 and *P=0.03; respectively) ConclusionOur study on ZnT8ab in T1D is the first in the Maghreb region and we observed a prevalence of 46.25%. The positivity of ZnT8ab enabled us to classify in T1DA 50% of diabetics with obvious T1D phenotype and negative routine autoantibodies, thus ZnT8ab is a good tool for differential diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. According to our results, a simultaneous analysis for ZnT8 and IA2 autoantibodies can be a better and efficient diagnosis of type 1A diabetes from the beginning of the disease.

National, regional, global TV in Algeria: University students and television audience after the 2012 Algerian media law

This article investigates new trends in the consumption of national and transnational television channels in Algeria, following the changes introduced by the 2012 media law. Research on this topic was conducted through a small-scale audience survey among university students in Mostaganem, West Algeria, at the beginning of 2015. As with other neighbouring countries, since the 1980s, Algeria has been exposed to a rising amount of transnational television flows. After an initial French dominance, the last 10 years saw a gradual growth in the Gulf channels’ penetration, while national television became increasingly neglected. This partially changed after the 2011 uprisings as many Arab countries accelerated a process of media liberalization. In Algeria, the media law approved in 2012 opened the door to the creation of private television channels. The article explores the choices made by young Algerians in terms of national and transnational television content, both for news and for entertainment. Based on the results of our survey and on other historical and contextual data, we argue that a new national perspective on news and current affairs is emerging in the country, together with the success of non-Western productions for entertainment formats. In both these domains, students from different faculties and backgrounds showed similar preferences, going beyond the linguistic, cultural and social segmentation that has characterized the Algerian audience since the emergence of satellite television.

Politics, identity and temporality in colonial Algeria in the early twentieth century

ABSTRACTIn the first quarter of the twentieth century, colonial Algeria was marked by profound social, cultural and political tensions that were compounded by a concatenation of events triggered by the First World War. Within a context marked by the determination of settlers and the colonial administration to maintain the colonial status quo, a small group of French-educated Algerian political activists known as the Jeunes Algériens (Young Algerians) emerged onto the political scene and called for reform and for more rights for the colonised. This study examines aspects of political discourse in the colony during that period and considers how notions of temporality were invoked on both sides of the colonial divide and shaped political debate at the time. It discusses some of the ways in which history and memory as well as conceptions of Algeria’s future were conjured up, on the one hand, by French politicians, settlers and writers in ways that sustained France’s hegemonic colonial discourse, and, on the other, by the Jeunes Algériens in order to emphasise the inequity of the colonial order, seek acceptance within the French nation and foreground specific political claims and demands.

Conscription, Citizenship, and French Algeria

This paper questions why the Third Republic of France imposed conscription on Muslim Algerians in 1912. This action is peculiar because conscription was a tenant of French citizenship, which the French thought that Muslim Algerians were too inferior to have. A politician named Adolphe Messimy, the members of the Third Republic in control of the government in 1912, and a group called the Young Algerians convinced France to contradict its laws and beliefs to impose conscription. They did so because the self-interests of all three groups met at one moment in time and wanted conscription. This paper meticulously explains the motives of Adolphe Messimy, the Third Republic, and the Young Algerians to explain why each agreed to conscription. This research fits into the broader schematic of French Algerian history because it argues that Algeria, in part, gained its independence in 1962 due to the imposition of conscription in 1912.

P-085: Clinical manifestations of Bardet Biedl in hypertension syndrome in young Algerians

Objectifs Le syndrome de Bardet Biedl (SBB) est une maladie hereditaire rare a transmission autosomique recessive entrainant une atteinte multiviscerale dont l'anomalie renale reste la plus grave. L'objectif est de decrire la forme clinique de l'hypertension arterielle compliquant une insuffisance renale chronique en acutisation. Methodes Nous rapportons 3 cas d'enfants hospitalises dans le service de reanimation pediatrique, dans un tableau d'insuffisance renale chronique secondaire a une nephropathie tubulo-interstitielle, compliquee d'une encephalopathie hypertensive. Resultats 2 garcons (de la meme parente) et 1 fille ont fait l'objet de cette etude, âges respectivement de 17, 14, et 15 ans. Le mode de revelation de ce syndrome etait une insuffisance renale chronique terminale admis en decompensation par une hypertension arterielle systolo-diastolique grade IV, crises convulsives et un œdeme aigu du poumon (OAP). Un retard mental modere et une obesite etaient notes chez tous les patients, une polydactylie chez un patient, une syndactylie chez les autres. Un hypogonadisme a ete confirme chez les 3 patients. Tous avaient une cecite avec au FO une retinite pigmentaire. Le traitement de l'hypertension arterielle a necessite initialement l'administration de la nifidipine en seringue auto pulsee et la mise en route des seances d'epuration extrarenale pour juguler OAP et les crises convulsives par ultrafiltration. L'evolution a ete favorable sur le plan tensionnel et les enfants sont pris en charge en hemodialyse chronique. Conclusion Le (SBB) se definit cliniquement par l'association d'une retinopathie pigmentaire, d'une polydactylie, d'une obesite, d'un hypogonadisme et d'un retard mental. La diversite des atteintes systemiques definissant ce syndrome est source de plusieurs handicaps (malvoyance ou cecite, retard mental et obesite) et d'une morbidite complexe (complications de l'obesite, troubles endocriniens divers insuffisance renale hypertensive pouvant evoluer vers le stade terminal). La plupart des signes sont presents chez une majorite de patients, mais seule la retinite pigmentaire est constante apres l'enfance. Le SBB est une ciliopathie rare, a transmission autosomique recessive, multi-viscerale dont l'atteinte renale compliquee d'une crise aigue d'hypertension arterielle peut engager un pronostic vital. D'ou l'interet d'un conseil genetique familial et d'un suivi multidisciplinaire.

Southern Countries’ Youth and The Dream Of Immigration

In Algeria the issue of youth is not the major concern of some existing work in the field of sociology, despite the weight and importance of this age group in the demographic structure of our society, and the phenomena that emerge are many. We can count in recent years a number of social phenomena that have arisen in this category, most of which are a great source of concern, such as immigration (haragas), suicide, delinquency... The main question that we propose to analyze in this publication is to examine the sociological question of future choices of young Algerians and their vision about their own future.

Facial profile analysis of a cohort of young Algerians adult

We are receiving an increase in the number of adults coming to straighten their teeth and for esthetic improvement. However, there happens to be a lack of cephalometric and morphological data relative to this group of individuals and to an analysis of their cutaneous or soft tissue facial profiles because up to now studies carried out at the Mustapha University Hospital Center of Algiers were limited to children and only examined their skelettal structure. With this study of the soft tissue facial profile, we want to determine the morphological and cephalometric characteristics of cutaneous and bone structures that are specific to adults from Algiers.

Unemployment of people of foreign origin in France: The role of discrimination

This article has two primary objectives: (1) to understand the relationship between the origins of the children of immigrants and the likelihood of unemployment; and (2) to examine the possible role of discrimination in the likelihood of unemployment. The French Permanent Demographic Sample (EDP, a longitudinal database maintained by INSEE, which is the French equivalent of the English Longitudinal Survey) permits the study young foreign-born people who grew up in France and young people of foreign-origin who were born in France. The EDP is a census-based panel survey that, on average, comprises a 1 per cent sample of all immigrant groups. It contains information on a person’s nationality relative to his/her labour market position. According to most academics, it also contains valuable socio-demographic and socio-economic information on parents and their sons and daughters. The data registry was created in 1967 and includes data from the 1968, 1975, 1982, 1990, and 1999 censuses. The interest in individual trajectories requires us to consider the relations between personal labour market situations and the acquisition of French nationality. This relation must be analyzed in light of the population which consists of those children who, since childhood, have been in a position to acquire French citizenship. Although gaining citizenship is usually regarded as an important sign of civic and political assimilation among immigrants, it can also be seen as a factor in their economic assimilation. French nationality makes it easier for young immigrants to get jobs. It is better to be a young Algerian or Moroccan with French nationality than to be a young Algerian or Moroccan who does not have French nationality.

Saintly grandmothers: youth reception and reinterpretation of the national past in contemporary Algeria

It is well documented that contemporary debates about political legitimacy in Algeria are often structured through the juxtaposition of conflicting narratives of the past, and in particular, the War of Independence (1954–62) and its aftermath. Alternative versions of what happened to female combatants (mujahidat) after the war are a case in point: in the glorified official discourse, the revolution liberated women though the emancipation of the Algerian people; in feminist oppositional narratives, female combatants were betrayed by a patriarchal post-colonial regime composed of men of dubious wartime credentials. How these discourses are received and reinterpreted by young Algerians today has received little academic attention. This article presents new empirical research: a case study carried out in 2007 of 95 trainee teachers in History, Arabic Literature, Philosophy, French and English at the Ecole normale supérieure in Bouzaréah, Algiers. It explores what image students have of the mujahidat and how this image is formed through the filters of school textbooks, family stories, films, books and current affairs. As recipients of narratives constructed at different times and with different aims, it is argued that students have fused the local, national and transnational frames of reference available to them, creating new readings of the past which sidestep easy categorisation into ‘official’ and ‘oppositional’ versions. The article thus highlights the importance of not only paying close attention to how the past is read through the present, but also to how the past is read through a series of more recent, post-independence pasts.

Algeria: anger of the dispossessed

After liberating itself from French colonial rule in one of the twentieth century's most brutal wars of independence, Algeria became a standard-bearer for the non-aligned movement. By the 1990s, however, its revolutionary political model had collapsed, degenerating into a savage conflict between the military and Islamist guerillas that killed some 200,000 citizens. In this lucid and gripping account, Martin Evans and John Phillips explore Algeria's recent and very bloody history, demonstrating how the high hopes of independence turned into anger as young Algerians grew increasingly alienated. Unemployed, frustrated by the corrupt military regime, and excluded by the West, the post-independence generation needed new heroes, and some found them in Osama bin Laden and the rising Islamist movement. Evans and Phillips trace the complex roots of this alienation, arguing that Algeria's predicament--political instability, pressing economic and social problems, bad governance, a disenfranchised youth--is emblematic of an arc of insecurity stretching from Morocco to Indonesia. Looking back at the pre-colonial and colonial periods, they place Algeria's complex present into historical context, demonstrating how successive governments have manipulated the past for their own ends. The result is a fractured society with a complicated and bitter relationship with the Western powers--and an increasing tendency to export terrorism to France, America, and beyond.

Camus's Algeria: Birthrights, Colonial Injustice, and the Fiction of a French-Algerian People

ion that people called upon and that sometimes laid claim to you, a bit like that God he had heard about outside his home, who evidently was sovereign dispenser of good things and bad (162, t.m. [191]). In contrast with his abstract and for most part meaningless relation with his fatherland, France-for him France, not Algeria, is a virtual nation-Jacques has an immediate relation with Algeria. Not able to identify with history of France or with a country he has never seen, he identifies only with he knows.'3 The nebulous deity of French nation, snow covered roofs while they themselves grew up under an eternal (163 [192]), and patriotic obligations it demanded are contrasted with the indifferent deities of sun, of sea, or of destitution (163, t.m. [192]), who protect young Algerians without ever making demands on them. The young first men of Camus's Algeria are notjust protected from xenophobic, patriotic zeal by gods of sun and sea and by their own poverty. They are also, however, led by gods of war and inhabit a world of violence, where atrocities have always been norm among those sharing/struggling for (143 [170]). To die for a country one does not really know, France, asJacques's father did, is to die for an abstraction. To fight and even die for one's own describes authenticity and spirituality of poor (Catholic) French in following way: Being poor and French, Catholic and peasant, [the most authentic Frenchman] has no family papers.... Nothing that left any trace in papers of notaires. They never possessed anything.... [The poor Catholic] sees nothing but an immense mass and a vast race, and immediately after, immediately behind, he distinguishes nothing else. ... He plunges with pride into this anonymity. The anonymous is his patrimony. Anonymity is his immense patrimony. The more communal is, more he wants to grow out of land (Note conjointe sur M. Descartes et la philosophie cartesienne, Oeuvres en prose complbtes, v. 3, 1298-1299). Unlike Peguy, of course, Camus's defense of virtues of poverty is secular and has nothing to do with Catholicism. 13 Jacques's condition is contrasted with that of his lycee friend, Georges Didier, who, as son of an army officer, has received at birth privileges and obligations of an identifiable family and a national past: [Didier] knew history of his grandparents and his great-grandparents.... Didier knew what family was; it had throughout generations a strong existence for him, as did country where he was born through its history.... Jacques, and Pierre [a friend from a similar background] also, though to a lesser degree, felt themselves to be of another species, with no past, no family home, no attic full of letters and photos, citizens in theory of a nebulous nation (163, t.m. [191-92]). 542 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.210 on Sun, 31 Jul 2016 05:12:50 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

La galère de la jeunesse algérienne

The struggle of Algerian youth - Two main characteristics dominate the portrait of Algerian youth, its overwhelming demography in the population and the high level of unemployment (more than half the young people aged between 15 and 25 are inactive). Neither should the sense of helplessness of these young Algerians with regard to their cultures and identity be under-estimated, outcome of a lengthy colonial occupying presence and and of the «mission to civilize». All this goes a long way towards explaining the tense relationship with the language, the religion, the history (or its absence in cultural and educational transmission) and Algerian identity. For we can speak in terms of an absence or a «weakness» in the handing on of historical legacy, of the collective memory of young generations. And so from imagination of young people the myth emerged of a boat from Australia (the arrival of a boat for migration to the southern hemisphere). This latter emphasises their symbolic cultural and material frustration and their fears and uncertainties with regard to unemployment.