Yoga Sutras Research Articles

The Yoga Sutra of librarianship: Towards an understanding of holistic advocacy

This article discusses the creation of a new philosophical model of librarian-patron interaction. Directly influenced by the classical Indian text The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali, the authors have created the Triadic Model of Holistic Advocacy, which is supported by three yogic concepts: yoga (union), karuṇā (compassion), and āsana (pose). At its core, holistic advocacy encompasses both a philosophy and praxis of librarianship that is predicated on the belief that librarianship is fundamentally about service to others. Holistic advocacy requires a consistent, empathetic approach to librarian-patron interactions that is ultimately reflected in the quality of services rendered. The authors argue that engaging in holistic advocacy empowers library professionals to better advocate for patrons, specific libraries, and librarianship as a field. Embedding this ethos will help ensure that advocacy happens frequently and organically. Furthermore, holistic advocacy is a mindset that will help foster the growth of a more critically-thinking, compassionate society. The blending of eastern philosophical concepts (as outlined in the The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali) and western practices of LIS has not yet been discussed in the literature. The authors hope this discussion will encourage others to consider how eastern philosophy impacts western library practices.

Hidden in Plain Sight: Spirituality in Transactional Analysis

The author contends that transactional analysis is supported by a natural spirituality but that this is, for the most part, hidden. Drawing on the relational neuroscience of Damasio and Schore as well as Winnicott’s concept of transitional phenomena, aspects of relational transactional analysis are analyzed along with the roles of physis, the Adult ego state, and Berne’s concept of the Moving Self. Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra is held up as a mirror to these to help bring the underlying spiritual nature of TA into view. Clinical implications are briefly discussed, including transcending the purely intellectual approach and what it means to establish mastery in practice.

Echoes of the Vision of Hindu Philosophy in T. S. Eliot’s Writings

This paper makes an attempt to explore the echoes of the vision of Hindu philosophy in the selected works of T. S. Eliot. The works of Eliot such as his primary essay “Tradition and the Individual Talent,” and his primary poems such as “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,” “Gerontion,” The Waste Land, “Ash Wednesday,” “A Song for Simeon” and Four Quartets are under scrutiny in this paper. Eliot’s primary texts echo the vision of the Upanishads, the Bhagavad-Gita and the Patanjali Yoga Sutras of the Hindu (Vedic) philosophy. The vision is that rebirth is conditioned by one’s karma (actions). No one can escape from the fruits of his karma. One needs to undergo the self-realization to know the Essence (Brahman). When one knows the Essence, he is liberated from the wheel of life and death. Man himself is Brahman. The soul is immortal. The basic essence of Hindu philosophy is non-dual, which says that all the living beings and non-living objects are the manifestations of the same Ultimate Reality (Brahman). Eliot suggests that the knowledge of this essence can help humanity to promote equality and justice by ignoring discrimination and duality, to end human sorrows and to achieve real peace and happiness. This finding can assist humanity in the quest for understanding the meaning of human existence and the true spiritual nature of life to address the human sorrows resulted from the gross materialistic thinking.

Yoga as an Innovative Solution for Financial Growth of Companies

The existence of Yoga dates back to more than ten thousand years around India and all nations. The Hindu Mythology considers the genesis of Yoga by incorporating Lord Shiva as Guru and Goddess Parvati as Shishya. Gradually with the development of civilization mankind assessed the benefits of this spiritual discipline and different leaders propagated the Yoga in different ways.In this era of 21st century Baba Ramdev propagated the yoga sutras with simple and effective techniques. The Pranayam and Suryanamaskar are the popular routines practiced by many followers of Baba Ramdev. Today Yoga is practiced as a way of Living to prevent Lifestyle diseases, combat stress and rejuvenate self. Yoga has gained immense popularity over the years with July 21st being celebrated as International Yoga Day. Corporate are also now introducing Yoga for employees as a means to relieve their stress and improve productivity. Long Hours of sitting, standing and excessive use of electronic gadgets puts pressure on bones, joints and responsible for Lifestyle diseases. Yoga is now increasingly used as a wellness solution replacing high cost antibiotic drugs. Employee well-being leads to Cost Savings in terms of personnel by reduced payment of Insurance and Medical Bills. The paper studies the Impact of Yoga to Financial benefits in MSME Organizations in Odisha in light of three different perspectives of Internal Control, Inventory management and Cash Flow. The primary data was collected from a sample of 155 high profile finance executives working in the MSME sector. Ranking Table and Regression Analysis Methodology was used to derive meaningful conclusions. The research takes initiative to transform the effectiveness of Yoga into improved financial health for the Organization. The observation from the study interprets a positive impact of Yoga on good financial health of Organization.

Yoga Sutra and World Peace

Yoga Sutra and World Peace

The Yoga Sutra of Patanjali: A Biography, by David G. White

The Yoga Sutra of Patanjali: A Biography, by David G. White. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014. xvii + 273 pp., $24.95. ISBN 978-0-691-14377-4 (hb).

Triguņa and chitta bhũmike in Yoga practitioners

According to Indian thought, triguņa represents essential energies of the mind and individual's personality is determined and dependent on triguņa viz., satva, rajas and tamas. The three guņa influence the physical and mental activities of every individual. Vyasa in his commentary on Patanjali's Yoga Sutra distinguishes between five states of mind viz., kshipta, mũdha, vikshipta, ekāgra and niruddha. Each of these states of mind involves certain cognitive and personality characteristics, which are associated with satva, rajas and tamas. It is stated that yoga practices lead to enhancement of satva and regulation and decline of rajas and tamas. To examine this 60 YP and 60 normal controls (n=120) were studied using Vedic Personality Inventory and Chitta bhumike Inventory. The scores on the two inventories were correlated. The obtained correlations in both the groups indicate that kshipta and mũdha states of mind are negatively correlated with satva and positively correlated with tamas, as discussed in Yogic literature. Only in yoga practitioner group kshipta and mũdha shows positive correlation with rajas. Scores of Vikshipta, ekāgra and niruddha sub-scales do not show significant correlations with the three guņa. The t-tests show that the two groups differed significantly on chitta bhumike but not on the three guņa.

『요가수트라』의 교육적 의미 : 붇디의 기능을 중심으로

『요가수트라』의 교육적 의미 : 붇디의 기능을 중심으로

A STUDY OF THE ATTITUDE OF COLLEGE STUDENTS OF PUNJAB TOWARDS YOGA

In modern life, people generally try to accomplish too much in too little time, consequently they accumulate a lot of stress in their lives. In that time, yoga plays an important role to alleviate the stress and rejuvenate the body. In the times, yoga was a form of Bhakti. Rishi Patanjali, rightly called the father of yoga, who around 200 b.c. gave us the present literary form of yoga doctrine in his famous treaties Yoga Sutra. In modern times, the value of yoga is being increasingly recognized for general and it’s preventive and curative effects. Yoga does not conceive man having a physical body but on the contrary, it emphasizes the greater values of the mind which characterizes his personality, Thus, yoga leads to ultimate physical health and happiness together with the achieve of mental and patience.

A STUDY OF THE ATTITUDE OF COLLEGE STUDENTS OF PUNJAB TOWARDS YOGA

In modern life, people generally try to accomplish too much in too little time, consequently they accumulate a lot of stress in their lives. In that time, yoga plays an important role to alleviate the stress and rejuvenate the body. In the times, yoga was a form of Bhakti. Rishi Patanjali, rightly called the father of yoga, who around 200 b.c. gave us the present literary form of yoga doctrine in his famous treaties Yoga Sutra. In modern times, the value of yoga is being increasingly recognized for general and it’s preventive and curative effects. Yoga does not conceive man having a physical body but on the contrary, it emphasizes the greater values of the mind which characterizes his personality, Thus, yoga leads to ultimate physical health and happiness together with the achieve of mental and patience.

The Yoga Sutra of Patanjali : A Biography. By David Gordon White

The <i>Yoga Sutra of Patanjali</i> : A Biography. By David Gordon White

Editors’ Page

Editors’ Page Stephanie G’Schwind and Donald Revell “How can a thing that is, essentially, nothing—a space where something else should be—have such pull?” asks Emily Sinclair in “Searching for the Duck Hole,” featured in this issue’s nonfiction. It’s a question that resonates throughout the stories and essays in these pages—characters and writers alike bump along and against the walls of estrangement, investigating the spaces created by silence, absence, and longing. In Michael Byers’s “City Light,” set in 1950s-era Seattle, a girl forges her lonely way into young adulthood largely without her family’s support. In Karin Lin-Greenberg’s “Touring,” the paths of a friendless college student still grieving her mother’s death and a washed-up, nearly unrecognizable former pop star intersect on a campus tour, both struggling to navigate the terrain of loss. A teenager in Nancy K. Mays’s “The Chevrolet Girl” takes a calculated risk to repair the rupture created by her mother’s leaving the family. The growing distance between Chicago medical student Yael’s parents, visiting from Venezuela, threatens the bond between her and her father in Jennifer Stern’s “Lights.” Michele Finn Johnson writes, in “Silent Impacts,” about mitigating enviromental contamination affecting two long-feuding towns while beginning the dissolution of her silence-plagued marriage. Emily Sinclair’s “Searching for the Duck Hole,” by turns tender and wry, examines the push and pull of her decades-long estrangement from her mother. And potentially offering some balm for losses, ruptures, and injuries is “Taxi Sutra,” in which Jennifer Sinor considers, through the lens of Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras, the unanticipated gift that sometimes comes, though perhaps not immediately, from a moment of crisis. Welcome to the spring issue. Find a space in the silence, listen for the resonance, and await the gift. [End Page 1] There are better meanings of the word election, meanings that both antedate and supervene the American guignol of this past autumn. Life elects to live. A small, blue planet is elected, out of unimaginable numerousness, to shelter you and me. As Amanda Auerbach here avers, “The tree is more than possible.” Exactly so. The “more than possible” is poetry’s politics. And so it is time now to elect vivacity, the effortless resistance to tyrants and to charlatans. Our poet Pam Rehm, wisely and most practically, makes bold to say, “Love has a future tense.” [End Page 2] Copyright © 2017 Center for Literary Publishing

The Hatayogapradīpikā: Jyotsnāyutā

Byline: Raghavendra. Bhat, T. Srinivasan English translation and commentary by: Dr. Kausthub Desikachar Publisher: Media Garuda, Krishnamacharya Healing and Yoga Foundation, Chennai, India Year: 2016 Pages: 444 Price: Rs. 995 [INLINE:1] Here is an extended commentary of the famous Hatayogaprad?pik? of Swami Svatmarama. The work is of recent origin in comparison to Sri Patanjali's Yoga Sutras which is at least 3000 years old. Many distinguished schools could have flourished in the interim. Most if not all are indebted to the Patanjala Sutras, being the most ancient compilation and most profound one too. The present work running into 444 pages reflects the commentary of Jyotsn?yut?, namely Jyotsna commentary of Sri Brahmananda who is thought to have lived in the 18[sup]th century of this era. A detailed introduction by the author takes us through the historical background to the above statements. The author says, “Jyotsna, which literally means moonlight, true to its name, provides a gentle and comforting understanding of the powerful and profound teachings of Hathayogaprad?pik?.”[sup][1] The Sanskrit original of Sri Brahmananda is included along with translation and explanation where needed. It is also brought out that Hatha neither means nor advocates forceful yoga asana practices. Hatha relates to the “strength of prana” and it is also said that it is “essentially the highest form of pranayama practice.”[sup][1] Thus, uniting the sun and the moon, namely prana and apana, is said to be Hathayoga practice. Another authoritative text on this subject has this to say: “In order to make the subject clear, it was termed hatha, i.e. ha and tha yoga, a combination of two Beeja mantras. It has been explained in Hathayoga that ha represents prana, the vital force, and tha represents mind, the mental energy. Hence, Hathayoga means the union of the pranic and mental forces. When union between the pranic and mental forces takes place, then a great event occurs in human. This is the awakening of higher consciousness….[sup][2] When Kundalini is established in Sahasrara Chakra, that is called yoga, not Hathayoga. This is the difference between yoga and Hathayoga.”[sup][2] There are four chapters to this text; asana, pranayama, mudras, and finally, samadhi. Thus, the chapters are in the ascending order of complexity, of course each supporting the other in this progression. The asanas and pranayama are limited to those that bring immediate result to the movement of prana in the subtle body. Mudras – along with kriyas – facilitate this movement, and since this movement should be carefully accomplished to avoid any untoward expression of this potent energy, a competent teacher is required for overseeing the progress. There are esoteric aspects of these practices that are of importance and the book provides an overview of these also. The author is very clear to advocate yoga practices not as prescriptive; the practices and the reference to any health-related problem in the text should be taken contextually to bring a balance in the subtle order in the body. …

Quality of life improvement with rehabilitation according to constitution of the World Health Organization for coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients: A descriptive review.

This is a descriptive review focusing on trends of treatments required for postoperative coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) patients to improve the quality of life (QOL).Methodology:The sources of literary research to understand the concepts of coronary artery disease according to Indian scriptures are Ayurveda texts, Bhagavad Gita, Patanjali Yoga Sutra. The data was typed in Sanskrit using Devanagari script and explanation in English was given. As per new research techniques, surgery, physiotherapy rehabilitation and Yoga are serving CABG patient's medical and psychological health better. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as physical, mental and social well-being later redefined with additional terms like environmental and spiritual health. This definition is similar to the Panchakosha concept in Yoga and Pancha Mahabhutas in Ayurveda. In cases of emergency or passive treatment, medication serves as a better option for physical health. In circumstances where the person is able to move in daily activities (just after discharge), rehabilitation serves as a better option for physical, mental and social health. Travel and reactions to climatic change serve environmental health. Last strategy, belief, cultural and traditional methods with scientific background serves as the spiritual health. These step-wise treatments are required for CABG patients to get the overall health or QOL. However, surgery and physiotherapy rehabilitation are advanced as per modern era which serves physical, mental, and social health also, but environmental health and spiritual health have yet to be addressed. As an ancient system of medicine, Yoga combines physical, mental, social, environmental and spiritual practices and it should be added as treatment along with surgery and physiotherapy rehabilitation. If all of these therapies were in the treatment protocol for CABG surgery patients, we would observe the changes of QOL and fulfill the requirements of constitution of the WHO. Integrating concepts of Yoga, Ayurveda, modern rehabilitation, surgery and patient cooperation with lifestyle change are the key to QOL improvements after CABG.

Yoga in Psychiatry: An Examination of Concept, Efficacy, and Safety.

Byline: M. Reddy, Starlin. Vijay What Do Psychiatrists Mean When They Talk About Yoga? Yoga is an ancient Indian practice with a particular worldview and psychology. Because of its indigenous and ancient character, yoga has perennially evoked interest in the minds of intellectual Indian researchers and physicians. Over the last century, it has captured the interest of the Western world and has garnered millions of followers across all nations. Since June 2015, the world community has even started celebrating the International Yoga Day. In the backdrop, with such an interest, we will discuss the available research and its implications for the practice of psychiatry in the 21[sup]st century. When health-care professionals talk about yoga, they usually discuss either its usefulness as a lifestyle intervention or as a potential treatment for physical and psychological problems. The health-care community, particularly mental health community, is currently interested in the physical exercises (Hatha Yoga or Pranayama ) and few ill-defined meditative practices (such as Dhyana in Mantra Yoga). Hence, the focus is less on the mystical-spiritual aspects of yoga and more on the measurable/interventional and physical-psychological aspects (this specific narrower aspect will be called as “Yoga therapy” in this article to differentiate it from the broader wholesome term – which is merely called - yoga). Recent research in psychiatry has been in search of the empirical evidence for the usefulness of yoga therapy as complimentary or solitary therapeutic agent in psychiatric treatment. A Brief Conceptual History of Yoga The practice of yoga might have been present long before it was systematized by Patanjali in his book, Yoga Sutras, which have aphorisms on yoga. Whatever evidence is available suggests that he lived around 100 BC. His yogic system borrows many ideas and concepts from Kapila's S?m.khya School of Philosophy.[sup][1] Yoga is a Sanskrit word for union. Patanjali practically defines yoga as the final annihilation ( Nirodha ) of all the mental states ( Cittav?tti ) through progressive stages to attain a steadied mind with particular types of graduated mental states.[sup][2] The ultimate goal as described by Patanjali is the attainment of a particular spiritual mind state which is variably called Moksha and Satcit?nanda (which can be translated as salvation or union with ultimate reality). Over centuries, many systems of yoga have been developed. The prominent ones which now exist are Hatha yoga, Mantra or Japa yoga, Surat-Shabd yoga (also known as Nam Bhakti ), Kundalini yoga, Tantra yoga (popularized by Bhagawan Rajneesh/Osho), etc., Out of these, Hatha yoga is the most popular kind in our day which has its emphasis on physical exercises or asanas, while Kundalini yoga with its Pranayama and Mantra yoga with its Dhyana are also well practiced and popular. The particular practices such as asanas, Dhyana and Pranayama of these three prominent schools have claimed specific physical and psychological health benefits.[sup][3] Review of Literature There is a lot of research literature on yoga as a therapy for physical and psychological problems. We will discuss few relevant individual studies and reviews on yoga therapy in psychiatric disorders. Anxiety and depression There are many studies [sup][4],[5],[6] showing improvement in anxiety and depressive symptoms (level 3 evidence [sup][7]) which is attributable to yoga therapy, this was similar to improvement due to physical exercise. Most studies might have been done on people with mild-to-moderate anxiety or depression. Very few studies done on melancholic depression have found inferiority to electroconvulsive therapy, but not to drug treatment.[sup][8] Hence, yoga therapy may be used as an add-on treatment in this population. Eating disorders Available studies [sup][9],[10] suggest that yoga therapy is useful in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. …

A Renaissance of Globalization

In a world of confrontations between numerous cultures, traditions, languages, and religions, the meaning of “human” and “humanism” reaches a higher level of “humanness.” The pluralism of cultural, political, and religious outlook creates new options and alternative interpretations of what constitutes the “human.” True humanness is always there, open and accessible to all, with nothing being hidden or obscured. At the same time, true humanness is also a matter of doing, not just being. To be “true” is to live the truth, to be with it, and to be part of it. We exist inside this truth as a passion, which informs all the decisions we make in life. So true humanness is not something objective and static, something to be studied from a distance; true humanness is an up-close and personal way of living, a mode of existence, something that is relational. Our way toward a more complex understanding of humanness faces similar obstacles as a yogi encounters on his way to the final way of Yoga. Patañjali in his Yoga Sutras describes these obstacles—kleshas—as the afflictions of the human mind, or destructive and disturbing emotions: ignorance, ego, attachment, aversion, and clinging to life. A higher understanding of “humanness” will not be reached without an ethical engagement of individuals, as well as formal and informal commitment of institutions and nations. Such an endeavor will consequently reveal yet-undiscovered human potential, leading to a renaissance of our acting, thinking, and believing.

The Yoga Sutra of Patanjali: A Biography by David Gordon White

The Yoga Sutra of Patanjali: A Biography by David Gordon White

Psychophysiological analysis of Kriya Yoga as per Patanjala Yoga Sutra

Background: Kriya Yoga that includes Tapas,vadhyaya, and Ishwara pranidhana as given by Patanjala Yoga Sutra finds its mention twice in the text as Kriya Yoga and as Niyama. The double occurrence has significance. Aim: The aim of this work is to carry out an analysis of what Kriya Yoga is, what is the purpose of repeating three components of Kriya Yoga, i.e., Tapas,vadhyaya, and Ishwara pranidhana in Sadhana pada. Method: The three steps of Tapas,Svadhyaya, and Ishwara pranidhana were analyzed in detail. The important difference of this analysis from other commentators is to analyze the first two steps of Kriya Yoga from the psychophysiological point of view. Analysis: The Kriya Yoga brings psychophysiological changes leading to the total control of the body, i.e., internal functions of the body. It also leads to surrender to the internal supreme existence of one's own being. The process of Tapas, Svadhyaya, and Ishwara pranidhana, as per Kriya Yoga, converts a common person into a yogi. Conclusion: The process of Kriya Yoga facilitates the removal of resistance within i.e. preparing condition of chitta which is necessary for entering into Samadhi is fulfilled.

Suffering as a State-of-Mind

This theoretical paper is an attempt at exploring and understanding the convoluted concept of “suffering” according to the Indian philosophy, including Buddha, Patanjali, Sivananda, the Gita &amp; Jainism. However, the three predominant schools of thought on suffering discussed in detail in the paper are Buddhism, Samkhya and Yoga, along with the concepts of dukha, purusha and prakriti, and the five afflictions mentioned in Patanjali’s Yoga sutras. Drawing from these theories of suffering the author has generated a concept map to facilitate one’s understanding about suffering, and finally, a pertinent conclusion has been drawn describing suffering as a state of mind that is free from the attachment of the transient and is just a fleeting thought of the human mind.

Obvladovanje notranje narave po Radža jogi&lt;br&gt;The Conquering of Inner Nature according to Rāja Yoga&lt;/br&gt;

Based on the sources on which the Slovenian translation of Rāja Yoga has been done, this paper presents one of the methods of conquering one's inner nature, namely Rāja Yoga or “the royal yoga”. Although almost all of the schools of Indian philosophy and religion are related to yoga, this paper is focused on the classical yoga, as presented in Patañjali's Yoga sutras and in Swāmī Vivekānanda's (1862-1902) commentaries to them.