Yobe State Research Articles

Seed Scarification and Day Length Effect on the Germination and Vegetative Growth of Soybeans (Glycine max)

Studies were carried out to determine the scarification and day length effects on the germination and early growth of soybean (Glycine max). Soil was collected from the biological garden of Yobe State University Damaturu. The soybean seed sample consists of two different treatments including scarified and unscarified seeds with two different levels of day length. A soybean of the tested varieties was sown in a polythene pot with a depth of half an inch. About two seeds mixed with a star dress were sown in each polythene bag. The data collected were analyzed using Genstat software 16 editions versus. Results of the experiments carried out indicate that, the seeds of soybeans have a highest rate of germination percentage when subjected to scarification treatment. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that, there is no effect of scarification on the germination of soybeans but there was significance in the effect of scarification on the vegetative growth in which the plants that were exposed to 12 hours day and 12 hours night grew faster than those exposed to 24 hours. It is therefore believed that the method of preventing dormancy can be used on soybeans in order to improve the growth and subsequent yield of the soybean crop.

Antibiotics Susceptibilities and Plasmid Profiles of Salmonella typhi from Patients Attending Yobe State Specialist Hospital, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria

Salmonella infection remains a major public health concern worldwide. This study aimed to determine the antibiotics susceptibilities and plasmid profiles of Salmonella typhi from patients attending Yobe State Specialist Hospital, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria. Two hundred and thirty three (233) samples (100 blood and 133 stool) were collected aseptically from patients diagnosed with enteric fever. The samples were processed using standard microbiological methods for identification of Salmonella typhi. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion techniques using ten antibiotics and the phenotypic expression of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were determined using double disc diffusion test, and were further screened for plasmid DNA by standard method. Out of two hundred and thirty three (233) samples, thirty five isolates tested positive for S. typhi comprising of 20 (57%) from blood and 15 (43%) from stool. The stool Isolates were highly (100%) resistant to tarivid and less (13.3%) resistance to pefloxacin while blood isolates showed highest (60%) resistant against chlorophenicol and least (20%) resistance to cefriaxone fourteen (14) Salmonella typhi showed ESBLs production; the Stool samples has the highest (n=8, 57.1%) ESBLs producers while least (n=6, 42.8%) were from the blood samples. plasmid size and number determine by bands were separated using agarose gel electrophoresis. This study reveals that both the resistant antibiogram and plasmid profile are still viable epidemiological tools for tracing the sources of Salmomella isolates.

Effect of Self-Monitoring Skill Training on Learning Achievement of Students with Special Needs in Yobe State Special Education School Goniri

Effect of Self-Monitoring Skill Training on Learning Achievement of Students with Special Needs in Yobe State Special Education School Goniri

Evaluation of Nutritive Values of Wheat Hydroponic Fodder as Feed Supplement for Small Ruminants During Dry Season in Semi – Arid Zone of Northern Nigeria

The study was carried out in two phases at the animal farm of Yobe State College of Agriculture, Science and Technology Gujba, Damaturu. To produce hydroponic wheat fodder by using locally available materials and to determine its nutritional composition. In the first phase, the hydroponic wheat fodder was produced by sprouting 0.7 kg wheat grain in a 45 cm X 19 cm tray for seven days and obtained 1 kg fodder with 14.5 cm height. In the second phase, the harvested fodder sample was taken to laboratory for proximate analysis where dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, ash and nitrogen free extract were determined as 79.65%, 14.57%, 9.13%, 19.25%, 2.65% and 34.05% respectively. It was concluded that the fodder will be produced with locally available materials and within a short time (9 days). And the nutritional composition revealed that the nutrient compositions can serve as supplement to a ruminant animal during dry season or at any time when green pasture is not available.

ANALYSIS OF THE PATTERNS AND DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLDS’ COOKING ENERGY DEMAND IN YOBE STATE, NIGERIA

The paper investigates household cooking energy consumption pattern in Yobe State, Nigeria utilizing secondary data sourced from Nigeria’s COVID-19 national longtitudinal phone survey (NLPS, 2020). Descriptive statistics and ordinarily least squares estimation technique were employed in the analysis of the data. The findings indicate that about 66.7% of the households in Yobe are multiple fuel users. Additionally, among the specific fuel users about half (50%) of the users relied on fuelwood for their household needs. With regards to the determinants of energy sources, income, household size and age were found to be positive and statistically significance at 1% for all the energy sources. The influence of income was the most substantial for charcoal. Household size has the most influence on fuelwood. Similarly, Older households seem to consume more of all fuels. The results for area of residence was only positive and and statistically significance at 1% for kerosene demand while Gender does not significantly affect any fuel type demand. The study concludes that socio-economic factors influence cooking energy demand in Yobe State.Hence, recommends that various stakeholders should support economic empowerment, energy education and promote outreach for specific demographics.

DETERMINANTS OF DEMAND FOR MEAT PRODUCTS IN DAMATURU, YOBE STATE, NIGERIA

This paper investigates the determinants of demand for meat products in Damaturu, Yobe State in Nigeria utilizing primary data. A combination of multi-stage and purposive sampling methods were implemented to select 150 participants using a structured questionnaire. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model.The study revealed that beef was the most preferred type of meat, garnering a preference rate of 73.3%. Interestingly, mutton registered the highest average monthly expenditure among households, amounting to ₦22,986. All the three meat products were found to be negative (elastic) and statistically significant at 1%. Notably, the elasticity coefficient for beef was the most sensitive to its price with the coefficient of -23.78. Similarly, the cross-price elasticity suggested complementarity among all the meat products. Income on the other hand,had a positive correlation with meat products expenditure across all types and statistically significant at the 1% level respectively. The coefficient of Beef showed the strongest positive relationship with its expenditure although the magnitude of coefficients for all meat types confirmed that they were all luxury products. Lastly, family size was inversely related to expenditure on all meat types, though this relationship was only statistically significant in the case of beef expenditure. The study concludes that there is a positive outlook for small ruminant farming in the state. Consequently, the study recommends support for livestock farmers through subsidies, training, and improved access to markets, consumer income enhancement programs and nutrition education campaigns to raise awareness about the nutritional value of various meats, including more cost-effective options.

Contamination Characteristics, Source Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Some Aquatic Insects Found in River Gashua, Yobe State Nigeria

The study assesses the level of heavy metals in some aquatic insects, lethocerus species, and Hydrophilus piceus (Great silver water beetles) found in river Gashua. The insects and soil samples found in the river were randomly collected, processed, and analysed for heavy metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). There’s no significant difference in the soil samples and the aquatic insects: Lethocerus species and Hydrophilus picueus. The results also showed that the range of the concentrations of heavy metals found in the three samples in the order of their abundance as Mn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd and 0.03-1.71mg/kg > 0.03-1.15mg/kg > 0.05-0.54 mg/kg > 0.05-0.28 mg/kg > 0.05-0.28 mg/kg respectively. The results were compared to acceptable levels set by the FAO/WHO to see if the heavy metal levels in the insects were safe. Assessment of the heavy metals in the soil and aquatic insects gives an idea of how heavy metals are transferred within a food chain and shows the level of bioaccumulation of the metals in aquatic insects. The implications of the selected heavy metals found in the area's soil and aquatic insects were identified and discussed. Practices that will reduce heavy metal pollution rates are encouraged among the inhabitants. It was recommended that assessing the heavy metals concentration in the soil and the aquatic insects should be a routine to prevent excessive accrual in the food chain.

ASSESSMENT OF POULTRY WOMEN AGRIPRENEURS PERCEPTIONS ON THE CAUSES OF INSURGENCY IN YOBE STATE, NIGERIA

The study assessed the perceptions of poultry women agripreneurs on the causes of insurgency in Yobe State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure involving snowball sampling techniques were employed in selecting 300 poultry women agripreneurs. Primary data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed that 38.4% of the poultry agripreneurs fell within the age range of 35-44 years in the insurgency area while 29.9% fall within the age range of 45-54 years in the non-insurgency area. Most of the women agripreneurs (70.7%) in poultry production were formally educated, about 86.7% were married amongst the poultry agripreneurs with majority (65.5% and 81.2%) had years of experience of 1-10 years both in the insurgency and the non- insurgency area. The results revealed that 41.3% of the poultry agripreneurs in insurgency areas and 68.8% in non-insurgency areas engage in crop farming as their other source of income. Results on level of perception of poultry women agripreneurs revealed that prevalent of poverty has the highest mean score (4.57), this is followed by level of unemployment (4.56). The least perceived cause was lack of parental care with a mean value of 4.34. The overall mean value of perceived cause of insurgency was 4.49. Meanwhile the severe constraints are unavailability of inputs (3.41) and unavailability of credits (72.8%) during the insurgency. The study concluded that poverty, unemployment and wrong religious education are the causes of the insurgency. The study recommended that all community leaders should be cautioned against wrong teachings and the Government should empower women economically. This can be achieved through training of women in entrepreneurial skills acquisition, giving out soft loans to enable women with good business ideas to start up.

Effect of Flipped Classroom Approach on Chemistry Students’ Academic Achievement and Retention in Colleges of Education, Yobe State, Nigeria

This study investigated the effects of flipped classroom approach on Chemistry students’ academic achievement and retention in colleges of education, Yobe State Nigeria. Le Vygotsky’s theory provided the theoritical framework for the study. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A pretest-posttest and postposttest control group quasi-experimental research design was employed in the study. The population of the study comprised of 524 NCE II Chemisty students from two colleges of education in Yobe State. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 106 NCE II chemistry students. The experimental group (N=44) were taught redox concepts using flipped classroom approach while the control group (N=62) were taught the same redox concepts using lecture method of teaching. Redox Concept Achievement Test (RECAT) was the instrument used for data collection which was validated and tested for reliability. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer the research questions and the hypotheses were tested using independent sample T-test at 0.05 level of significance using SPSS software. The findings of the study revealed that the students taught redox concepts using flipped classroom approach have significantly higher academic achievement and retention scores than those who were taught using lecture method of teaching. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that Chemistry lecturers/teachers should adopt the use of flipped classroom approach because it is a student-centered learning strategy that improves students’ academic performance.

Cooking practice and safety assessment of boiled cassava root sold in streets of Gashua, Yobe state Nigeria

The study investigated the cooking practice and safety assessment of boiled cassava roots sold in streets of Gashua, Yobe state Nigeria. The result showed that majority (95.29 %) of sellers washed raw cassava roots and boiled (35 – 50 minutes) with portable water. There are significant differences (p < 0.05) in proximate composition of boiled cassava roots with values ranged from 60.10 – 63.01 %, 1.00 – 1.10 %, 0.60 – 0.64 %, 0.54 – 0.56 %, 1.13 – 1.40 % and 33.70 – 36.47 % for moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate content respectively. The anti-nutritional compounds of boiled cassava root ranged from 0.01 – 0.03 mg/100 g, 0.02 – 0.05 mg/100 g, 0.01 – 0.03 mg/100 g, 0.02 – 0.04 mg/100 g, and 0.01 – 0.04 mg/100 g for tannin, phytate, hydrogen cyanide, oxalate and saponnin content respectively while microbial count ranged from 1.00 – 1.95 logCFU/g, 1.30 – 2.11 logCFU/g and 2.04 – 2.08 logCFU/g for fungal count, total viable count and coliform count respectively. The study showed that boiled cassava roots were being processed under good hygienic conditions and the quantities of anti-nutritional properties and microbial loads of control sample and street vended boiled cassava roots were lower than the permitted quantity for safety of human consumption recommended by regulatory bodies.

Cultural Heritage Conservation in Borno and Yobe States: The Role of Media and Collaborative Initiatives in the Lake Chad Region of Nigeria

Cultural Heritage Conservation in Borno and Yobe States: The Role of Media and Collaborative Initiatives in the Lake Chad Region of Nigeria

Voices of Resilience: Women, Media and the Revitalisation of Cultural Heritage in Yobe and Borno States, Nigeria

Voices of Resilience: Women, Media and the Revitalisation of Cultural Heritage in Yobe and Borno States, Nigeria

An assessment Desertification in north part of Yunusary local government area of Yobe state, Nigeria by using remote sensing and Geographical information system (GIS)

An assessment Desertification in north part of Yunusary local government area of Yobe state, Nigeria by using remote sensing and Geographical information system (GIS)

Evaluation Of E Coli And Salmonella Typhi In Shallow Boreholes Water Supply In Geidam Local Government Area Of Yobe State

Evaluation Of E Coli And Salmonella Typhi In Shallow Boreholes Water Supply In Geidam Local Government Area Of Yobe State

An Analysis of Voting Behavior in Nigeria’s Presidential Elections since 1999: A case study of Nguru Local Government in Yobe State

An Analysis of Voting Behavior in Nigeria’s Presidential Elections since 1999: A case study of Nguru Local Government in Yobe State

Slim north, fat south: explaining regional differences in abnormal weights in Nigeria.

Weight abnormalities (underweight, overweight, and obesity) can cause life-threatening ailments. This study investigates disparities in the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity between northern and southern Nigeria and their associated factors. Using the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), the study analysed a sample of 12,333 women with complete records of body mass index. The study found that southern women had lower odds of being underweight than women in the north, but the reverse was the case for overweight and obesity. The prevalence of underweight was 11.6%, and it varies from 6.9% in the southern state of Enugu to 31.6% in the northern state of Jigawa. The national prevalence of overweight was 17.9%, ranging from 6.7% in Jigawa State of the northern region to 39.9% in Lagos State of the south. Similarly, the prevalence of obesity in the north was 6.1% compared to 14.4% in the south, with Anambra State of the southern region recording the highest figure of 35.5% compared to 2.1% in the Yobe State of the northern region. In all, the rate of abnormal weight was significantly higher in the south than in the north. However, the type of weight abnormality varies between the two regions. Religion, education, use of contraceptives, and wealth were associated with the three forms of abnormal weights. However, while religion was significantly associated with obesity in the north, the association was not significant in the south. This study found that wealth and education have dissimilar influences on overnutrition. While the odds of being overweight and obese increase with wealth, being educated up to a secondary level significantly reduces the odds in Nigeria and across the two regions.

Determination of Chemical Explosive Remnants in Soils of Boko Haram’s Affected Areas of Gombe State Nigeria

Aim: This research was conducted to ascertain the level of pollution of our physical environment as a result of years of Boko Haram’s activities in Gombe State, North-Eastern Nigeria.&#x0D; Study Design and Place of Study: Samples for this research were collected from Bajoga, Nafada and Gombe metropolis and environs all in Funakaye, Nafada, and Gombe Local Government Areas respectively. Samples were taken only from places with recorded Boko Haram’s explosion activities. A control sample for each study area was taken from an area that has no record of Boko Haram attacks. Gombe State is located in the North-Eastern part of Nigeria on latitude10015’00’’N and longitude 11010’00’’E bordering Yobe, Borno, Adamawa, Taraba and Bauchi states.&#x0D; Methodology: The concentrations of explosive remnants (4-Nitrotoluene, 4-Propyl Benzaldehyde, 1,3-Dinitrotoluene, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, 3,5- Dinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene, RDX and HMX) in the soil samples of the attacked areas were investigated using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometer, GC-MS.&#x0D; Results: The result indicates 4-Nitrotoluene; 0.05-0.085µg/kg, 4-Propyl Benzaldehyde; 0.07-0.19µg/kg; 1,3-Dinitrotoluene; 0.005-0.060µg/kg, 2,4-DNT; 6.16-6.86µg/kg, 3,5-DNT; 0.40-0.90µg/kg, TNT; 0.29-0.66µg/kg and RDX and HMX were not detected. All the samples in the study area had 4-Nitrotolene and 4-Propyl Benzaldehyde concentrations above those in their respective controls. 1,3-DNT in Bajoga samples, 2,4-DNT in K Police station and K/mata, 3,5-DNT in Gombe metropolis, and TNT in NFD Police station were all found to be below the concentrations in their control&#x0D; Conclusion: There is possible 4-Nitrotolene and 4-Propyl Benzaldehyde contaminations in all the studied sites and absence of pollution by 1,3-DNT in Bajoga, 2,4-DNT in K Police station and K/mata, 3,5-DNT in Gombe metropolis, and TNT in NFD Police station.

The Role of Financing on the Performance of Cooperative Societies in Damaturu Metropolis, Yobe State, Nigeria

The study focused on the role of financing in the performance of cooperative society in Damaturu. The work adopted descriptive research design in order to generalize the findings to a larger population. Primary and secondary data and questionnaire were used to source data. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a subset of participants from a population. The selection focused on the cooperatives and businesses that are connected to the cooperatives, which totalled ten, and the organization got ten each. The researcher used population of 100 respondents. Hypothesis 1 was tested using chi-square statistics, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Analysis with SPSS software was used to test hypothesis 2. From the results of the analysis using chi-square, the significant value of 0.026 and chi-square value of 196.87, the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternate is accepted. From the results of the analysis, the challenges faced in financing significantly relate with the productivity of cooperative societies with the correlation coefficient of 0.876 and the significant value of 0.041, which shows that the relationship is significant. The study revealed that the government’s involvement encourages SMEs as they support cooperative organizations, by creating enabling atmospheres for financial delivery. It is therefore recommended that government should strengthen cooperative society to enhance more productivity of the institution.

Analysis of Students Performance on Admission Placement

In the present-time, getting admission to study a preferred course of choice in the Nigerian tertiary institutions by prospective applicants is highly competitive. As a criteria, applicants are required to meet the UTME (Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) and five (5) relevant ordinary level credits, including English and Mathematics as a prerequisite before securing admission. However, being wrongly placed for a course that is different from ones choice could negatively affect learning and outcomes. Therefore, proper placement would have tendency of enhancing not only learning and outcomes but also self-esteem; thus improved productivity. This paper has examined students’ performance based on the course sought at entry and course placed to study. The CGPA of 300-Level students in the 2020/2021 session of the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Yobe State University was used as a particular case for the investigation. Descriptive and Non-parametric techniques were employed. We found that applicants who sought to study computer science or physics at entry but were placed to study mathematics/statistics performed better than those who sought to study chemistry or biology. However, applicants who sought to study chemistry and placed to study mathematics/statistics are fairly better as compared to biology. Conclusively, the results of this study will inform decision makers and tertiary institution managers towards selecting those suitable to study mathematics/statistics if their preferred courses not secured.

Correlation Analysis of Watermelon Price among Markets in Yobe State, Nigeria

The study was aimed at determining the price relationship among major watermelon markets in Yobe State, Nigeria. Three (3) Local Government Areas (lGAs) were purposively selected i.e. Nguru, Bade and Potiskum. The main objective of the study was to calculate the magnitude and direction of the prices of watermelon in the 3 LGAs, this will assist the marketers know which market to supply to for more earnings. The correlation coefficient and Johansen and Juselius co-integration test was employed as the analytical tools. The descriptive result revealed a mean age of 41years, 8 number of person per household, and 18 years of business experience. The Pearson Correlation matrix showed that the prices between Nguru and Bade was 0.097, Nguru and Potiskum -0.012. This expresses clearly that there was a very weak relationship. Also, the Johansson Co-integration test results revealed that the prices were not integrated. The paper concluded that the three watermelon markets were very independent of each other. It was recommended that watermelon fruits should be transformed into other forms to attract better prices and open up more markets for it.