Sugar Beet Yield Research Articles

Optimum biochar application rate for peak economic benefit of sugar beet in Xinjiang, China

Biochar application improves soil environment and thus enhances crop yields. However, its optimum application rate is site- and crop-specific. Our aim is to determine the optimum biochar application rate (OBAR) in sugar beet by investigating its influences on economic profit. A 3-year field biochar application test for sugar beet was conducted in Xinjiang, China. Plastic film mulch and drip irrigation were applied. Five treatments of biochar application rates were made. For each treatment, same biochar rates (i.e. 0, 10, 25, 50 and 100 t ha−1) were applied in each year from 2018 to 2020 with a few exceptions where biochar rates were manipulated according to the results of the first two years. The physiological ecology indicators, irrigation water and fertilizer productivities and economic profit were analyzed. The N, P and K uptake during growth stages of sugar beet, the physiological ecology indicators (e.g. aboveground and underground biomass, leaf area index) and sugar content increased with increase in biochar application rate. The irrigation water and partial fertilizer productivities and economic benefits were the greatest at the biochar application of 10 t ha−1 for each year, which was recommended as the best dose for sugar beet planting. For sugar beet planting in arid and semi-arid zone, continuous application with OBAR of 10 t ha−1 had the maximal economical profit, the net profit increase was 6.94 billion dollars compared with no biochar application. Therefore, considering the comprehensive responses of the nutrient uptake, salt absorption, yield, and the economic benefit of various biochar application rate, the biochar application rate of 10 t ha−1 year−1 was recommended as the optimum dose. There were complicated interactions of soil, biochar and crops, further studies involving multi-discipline overlap are needed to reveal the yield, quality and productivity increase mechanics of sugar beet affected by biochar.

Effect of Severities and Timing of Defoliation on Root Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) at Alkadarou

A field experiment was conducted in winter for two successive seasons (2015-2016 and 2016-2017) at College of Agriculture Farm, University of Bahri, Sudan to investigate the effect of severities and timing of defoliation on root yield and quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block / factorial with four replicates. Three defoliation severities 0% (control) ,50%, and 100% were applied which referred to as S0, S1, and S2 respectively and four dates of defoliation 7weeks after sowing , 10weeks after sowing , 13weeks after sowing , and 16 weeks after sowing (WAS) which referred to as T1 , T2 , T3 , and T4 respectively. Results showed that 100 % defoliation decreased significantly Brix%, Pol. %, root yield t/ha, and white sugar t/ha in both seasons when compared to control. Results revealed that different treatments of defoliation time, in first season, had no significant differences on Pol. %, root yield t/ha, and white sugar t/ha; and significant differences only on Brix. % . In second season Pol. % and root yield t/ha were not significant whereas Brix. % and white sugar t/ha were significantly decreased as affected by different treatments of defoliation time. Generally, 100% defoliation at 13 WAS gave the lowest records of studied parameters in both seasons.

Temporal dynamics of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) N supply from cover crops differing in biomass quantity and composition.

Cover crops are supposed to decrease the soil mineral N content (Nmin) during winter and increase the N supply to subsequent main crops due to mineralization of N previously prevented from leaching. However, data on N supply from cover crops grown before sugar beet have rarely been reported for Central European conditions. Therefore, our study aimed to provide information for cover crops differing in frost resistance and biomass quantity applicable for N fertilizer dressing in the subsequent main crop. In 2018/19 and 2019/20, field trials were conducted on two Luvisol sites in Germany typical for sugar beet cultivation, comprising a sequence of autumn sown cover crops grown after field pea followed by unfertilized sugar beet main crops sown in next spring. Apparent net N mineralization and the N effect of cover crops on sugar beet were calculated according to a mass balance approach including Nmin and sugar beet N uptake. Winter rye and oil radish revealed the greatest potential for scavenging nitrate from the soil profile while reductions caused by frost-sensitive saia oat and spring vetch were more variable. The amount of N in the cover crop biomass was negatively correlated with Nmin in autumn and also in spring. Thus, for environmentally effective cover cropping in Central Europe, species with a sufficiently high frost tolerance should be chosen. Despite cover crop N uptake up to 170 kg N ha−1 and C:N ratios < 20, a positive N effect on sugar beet was only found between March and July of the beet growing season and was 50 kg N ha−1 at maximum, while between August and September, net immobilization was predominant with up to 100 kg N ha−1. Differences among crop species were not consistent across the site/years investigated. Sugar yield was lowest after rye at 3 sites/years and correlated positively with Nmin in spring. Correlation between yield and cover crop N effect was mostly low and inconsistent and could not be improved by a multiple regression approach. Thus, factors other than in-season N supply from cover crops apparently impacted sugar beet yield formation to a larger extent.

The interaction of different abiotic conditions on the value of the component traits of the technological yield of sugar beet

The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of different date of insecticidal treatment against Noctuinae caterpillars on the technological yield from sugar beet using the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. The AMMI model is one of the most widely used statistical tools in the analysis of multiple-environment trials. The results of the analysis of the dependence of the components of the sugar beet yield, carried out separately in individual years (2011–2018) of the experiment, indicate a significant and directly proportional impact of the root mass on the technological yield of sugar in all years. The average sugar content per years also varied from 16.22% (2014) to 19.68% (2015). Potassium molasses from the base of the tested protective treatments varied from 27.27 to 61.43 mmol kg−1. The average sodium molasses per years also varied from 1.196 mmol kg−1 (2015) to 6.692 mmol kg−1 (2018). α-amine-nitrogen of the tested protective treatments varied from 6.03 (for phenological criterion in 2011) to 37.95 mmol kg−1 (for intervention criterion in 2018). Technological yield of sugar beet tested protective treatments varied from 171.4 (for phenological criterion in 2015) to 360.0 t ha−1 (for soil spraying of plants—in 2012) throughout the 8 years, with an average of 280.47 t ha−1. The use of the AMMI model to estimate the interaction of conducted insecticidal treatments based on environmental conditions showed the additivity of the effects of the applied treatments on the effectiveness of the obtained quality features of the technological yield of sugar beet.

Leaf Bacteriome in Sugar Beet Shows Differential Response against Beet curly top virus during Resistant and Susceptible Interactions

Beet curly top virus (BCTV) significantly reduces sugar beet yield in semi-arid production areas. Genetic resistance to BCTV is limited; therefore, identification of additional resistance-associated factors is highly desired. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and BCTV resistant (R) genotypes (KDH13, KDH4-9) along with a susceptible (S) genotype (KDH19-17), we investigated leaf bacteriome changes during BCTV post inoculation (pi). At day 6 (~6-week-old plants), Cyanobacteria were predominant (~90%); whereas, at week 4 (~10-week-old plants) Firmicutes (11–66%), Bacteroidetes (17–26%), and Verrucomicrobia (12–29%) were predominant phyla and genotype dependent. Both Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia, increased post infection only in the R lines. The bacterial genera Brevibacillus increased at 6 dpi, and Akkermansia and Bacteroides at 4 wkpi in the R lines. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) identified potential biomarkers in the R vs. S lines. Functional profiling revealed bacterial enrichment associated with the TCA cycle, polyisoprenoid, and L-methionine biosynthesis pathways only in KDH4-9 at 6 dpi. At 4 wkpi, bacteria associated with tryptophan and palmitate biosynthesis in the R lines, and uridine monophosphate, phosphatidyl glycerol, and phospholipid biosynthesis in the S line, were enriched. Future characterization of bacterial genera with antiviral properties will help establish their use as biocontrol agents/biomarkers against BCTV.

Biological protection of sugar beet sowings from beet nematode

Goal. To identify the efficiency of the bionematicide Clariva 156, FS (spores of the bacterium Pasteuria nishizawae, strain Pn 1, 0.02 l/seed unit) against beet nematode in sugar beet sowings.&#x0D; Methods. Laboratory, field. The research was carried out in Vinnytsia region in the years 2017—2019. Small-scale experiments were established in a natural invasive background. To determine the number of beet nematodes, soil samples were taken and analyzed before sowing and before harvesting sugar beet, as well as after the development of the first generation of the parasite. The accounting of sugar beet yield was carried out by weighing all root crops from each plot and counted per hectare of sowing. The sugar content of roots was determined on the on-stream line Venema by the method of cold-water digestion.&#x0D; Results. The use of bionematicide Clariva 156, FS allowed to reduce the number of the first generation of beet nematode by 27.7—35.3% (1.5 times) compared to the density of its population before sowing sugar beet. It is noted that the decrease in the number of parasites in the soil in the first half of the growing season had a positive effect on crop productivity. In particular, in the treatments where the seeds were treated with the biological preparation Clariva 156, FS, root yield increased by 2.3—12.6 t/ha, and the sugar collection increased by 0.5—1.9 t/ha, compared to the treatments without nematicide.&#x0D; Conclusions. Given the widespread and significant damage caused by the beet nematode to sugar beet sowings, the problem of protecting this crop from heteroderosis is still relevant. Its solution begins with a nematological survey of fields and ends with the introduction of an integrated control system, an important element of which is the use of biological methods. The obtained results prove that treatment of sugar beet seeds with bionematicide Clariva 156, FS gives the chance to reduce number of the first generation of beet nematode in sugar beet sowings up to 35%.

The productivity and overall benefits of faba bean-sugar beet intercropping systems interacted with foliar-applied nutrients

Intercropping systems are gaining popularity in developed countries as people become more conscious of the environmental damage caused by the intensive use of nonrenewable resources. Two field experiments were conducted for evaluating three faba bean intercropping systems (FISs) with 100% sugar beet (S-Sole) as follows: 12.5% (FIS12.5%), 25% (FIS25%), and 37.5% (FIS37.5%) of faba bean in addition to the sole faba bean (F-Sole) and sugar beet (S-Sole) under foliar nutrients (FN) with boron (B), zinc (Zn), and magnesium (Mg) nutrients. The FIS × FN applications were evaluated based on the biological [growth, productivity, and cereal units (CUs)], competition [land equivalent ratio (LER), land equivalent coefficient (LEC), relative crowding coefficient (RCC), and aggressivity (A)] as well as economical [total revenue (TR), net profit (NP), and monetary advantage index (MAI)]. Although intercropping systems lowered crop yields as compared with solitary crops, the economic analysis of FISs showed that intercropping was beneficial, particularly the FIS12.5%, which resulted in higher TR, NP, MAI, and CUs as compared with their respective sole cultivation. Foliar application with B produced the best for the productivity, economic, and competition indices of both crops. The interaction application of FIS12.5% × B produced higher faba bean and sugar beet yields, improved LER and LEC values, and recorded higher TR, NP, MAI, and CUs. It can be recommended that the FIS12.5% integrated with B nutrient foliar application was more effective and could be considered a viable intensification strategy to increase intercropping yields, land use, and economic benefits.

Potassium deficiency reduces sugar yield in sugar beet through decreased growth of young plants

AbstractBackgroundOptimum potassium (K) nutrition is essential for high sugar yield and quality of beet crops.AimsWe quantified the effect of potassium deficiency on sugar beet dry matter and sugar yield formation during the growing season.MethodsSugar beets were grown on low, medium, and high soil K concentrations in a long‐term K fertilizer field experiment on a silt loam alluvial soil. Plants were harvested at four time points during the growing season, including the final harvest. At each harvest, the dry matter yield and K concentration of leaves and beets (when applicable) were recorded, allowing us to study their growth rates in different growth phases. At the final harvest, sugar concentration and internal beet quality were measured.ResultsLow soil K concentrations resulted in an approximately 10% lower sugar yield compared to high soil K supply. Interestingly, retarded growth of low K plants already occurred during the germination phase and in the first weeks thereafter, whereas later on, growth rates were similar. Higher soil K levels led to an increased K uptake rate and thus a higher final total K uptake. High K plants showed rapid youth growth and reached their maximum growth rates earlier than plants grown under low K conditions. The initial differentiation between the low and high K treatments persisted because the plants subsequently grew at similar growth rates at both low and high soil K supplies.ConclusionThe early growth reduction in the low K treatment was probably caused by the low amount of K stored in sugar beet seeds in combination with low K availability in the soil. It is concluded that under overall low soil K conditions, adequate amounts of K fertilizer should be applied to meet the demand of sugar beet seedlings for maximum growth and final sugar yield. Banded K fertilizer application next to the plant rows is supposed to be efficient for this purpose.

Slurry Spreading on a Silt Loam Soil: Influence of Tyre Inflation Pressure, Number of Passages, Machinery Choice and Tillage Method on Physical Soil Quality and Sugar Beet Growth

Soil compaction forms a major threat to the well-functioning of agricultural soils. This threat is primarily driven by the increasing wheel loads of modern farming machinery and the increased frequency of field operations in periods when the soil is moist to wet and thus more prone to compaction. The application of slurry in early spring can have a highly detrimental impact, certainly for a crop like sugar beet, which is sensitive to soil compaction. A one-year experiment was set up on silt loam soil in the Belgian loess belt to assess the short-term impact of this field operation on soil under conventional ploughing and under non-inversion tillage. Two types of farming machinery were compared: a widely used tractor-trailer combination and a less common self-propelled slurry spreader, with the latter having higher wheel loads. Both machines were operated according to common or standard practice and a practice that aims at preventing soil compaction. For the tractor-trailer, this was with tyre inflation pressure recommended for road traffic and field traffic, respectively, corresponding with high and low tyre inflation pressure. The self-propelled slurry spreader was operated under standard and crab steering, respectively. Lowering the tyre inflation pressure to the recommended level for field traffic limited soil compaction and sugar beet yield loss. Although the effects of crab steering were less pronounced, it lowered the impact on the soil by limiting the number of passages. The overall machinery effect remained limited. The heavier self-propelled slurry spreader did not significantly increase the level of soil compactness and reduce sugar beet yield compared to the more common tractor-trailer combination. Soil under conventional ploughing showed more soil compaction, while the effectiveness of reducing tyre inflation pressure as a prevention strategy was lower compared to non-inversion tillage. The tillage practice, however, did not have any overall influence on sugar beet yield.

Diagnosis of Boron Deficiency and Effects of Boron on Yield and Quality Values of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Grown in Elbistan District

Diagnosis of Boron Deficiency and Effects of Boron on Yield and Quality Values of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Grown in Elbistan District

Analysis of the spatio-temporal trend of sugar beet yield in Polissya and forest steppe ecoregions within Ukraine

Ukraine has all the preconditions to increase the sugar beet yield, but, at present, comprehensive studies of spatio-temporal variation in the yield of sugar beet in the country have not been conducted. Though, such research is essential for the formation of crop management and yield forecasting in the future. The study aim is to analyze the general spatio-temporal dynamics of sugar beet yield within 10 regions of Ukraine, to identify the determinants of this trend and to characterize the areas of Ukraine regarding the sugar beet yield. Several statistical methods have been applied to the average sugar beet yields data which were provided by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to estimate the likelihood of a statistical model to the observed data. To calculate the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient, I-Moran statistics were computed using the Geoda095i program. A spatial database was created in ArcGIS 10.2. The average sugar beet yields within the study area ranged from 154.5 dt/ha to 495.7 dt/ha. The spatio-temporal trend of sugar beet yield has been described by a fourth-degree polynomial. It was determined that the overall trend of sugar beet yields is determined by agroeconomic and agro-technological factors, whose contribution to the yield variation is 72-96%. The areas where high sugar beet yields are ensured by favorable natural conditions, such as soil fertility, were identified, as well as areas with high crop yield potential provided that agricultural and breeding techniques are adequately used.

Targeted biochar application alters physical, chemical, hydrological and thermal properties of salt-affected soils under cotton-sugarbeet intercropping

Biochar application in agricultural salt-affected soils has shown strong potential to amend soil and promote production. The effect of biochar on soil properties and crop yield varies with crop, soil, biochar properties and climate. Thus, it is critical to select suitable biochar and their application amounts for ameliorating salt-affected soils while improving its conditions and crop yields. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of biochar application rates on soil properties, water and temperature conditions and crop yields in saline-alkali soils under cotton-sugarbeet intercropping. We used a three-year (2018–2020) field experiment with biochar application rates of 0, 10, 50 and 100 t ha−1 in 2018, 0, 10, 25, 50 and100 t ha−1 in 2019 and 0, 10, 25 and 30 t ha−1 in 2020. Soil bulk density decreased and thus porosity increased with application of biochar. Soil pH decreased with increasing biochar application amount and the rate of change ranged from −0.003 to −0.004 per ton of biochar. Biochar application at 10 t ha−1 increased soil water content (SWC) and weighted planar soil water storage (WPSWS) in all three experimental years, while oversupply of biochar decreased SWC. Application of biochar moderated soil temperature fluctuations. The yield of cotton and sugarbeet first increased and then decreased with increasing amount of biochar. Considering the effects of biochar on soil water, temperature, and crop yields, 10 t ha−1 biochar amount was proposed as an appropriate application rate for saline-alkali soils. The results provided valuable information on appropriate biochar rates to amend salt-affected soils and their properties while increase crop yields.

Agro-economical Evaluation for Intercropping Sugar Beet and Barley under Combinations of Barley Cutting and Nitrogen Level Treatments

This study was conducted to investigate the agro-economic effect of intercropping sugar beet and barley under combinations of barley cutting and Nitrogen levels. Field trials conducted using a split plot design with three replications at the Farm of Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, Egypt during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. Sugar beet planted on both sides of the bed and barley plant on the top of all beds at the rate of 25%of the sole culture. Sugar beet with companion barley under three cut treatments (no cut, cut before heading (C1) and cut after heading (C2)) and three nitrogen fertilization levels (80, 100 and 120kgN/feddan (feddan=4200m2)) were studied, as well as to study competitive relationships land equivalent ratio (LER). Results from this study revealed that cut and nitrogen treatments had significant (0.05%) effects on most traits of sugar beet and barley in both seasons. Significant cuts*N interaction effects were found for sugar beet and barley traits in both seasons. LER. were greater than unit (1.15 and 1.16) by intercropping sugar beet with barley under N fertilizer rate 120kg N/feddan with both no cut and C1. The effect of cuts and nitrogen interaction on LER across the two seasons increase the land usage. The highest yield advantage for RCC (89.49 and 73.54) was recorded with C1 at 120Kg N/feddan in both seasons respectively, indicating the effect of barley cuts and N fertilizer rates on yield and aggressivity (AG) values of sugar beet and barely. The highest values Total income (L.E.), Net return and economic return (L.E.) obtained from sugar beet under 120kgN rate * no cut or C1 treatments in both seasons. Agro-economically biplot graph recommended that intercropping barley with sugar beet under 120kg N rate * no cut or C1 drive the maximum values of productivity of sugar beet and competitive relationships and yield of both crops.

Effect of different silica sources on cotton leaf worm population in sugar beet plants, and their influence on sugar beet yield

Field and laboratory experiments were conducted at Taifaa region and Agricultural research station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, during two successive seasons 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. To estimate the efficiency of alternative materials for controlling Spodoptera littoralis, some silica sources were incorporated to the soil such as (straw and husk) and sprayed on the plants, spray such as potassium, magnesium, sodium silicate and Si NPs. Burnt husk added to the soil at the rate of 200 g/m2 gave the highest reduction 50.48, 48.72%, highest root yield 25.16, 24.60 ton/fed, foliage yield 8.99, 8.60 ton/fed, sucrose percentage 16.71, 17.43%, T.S.S%20.40, 20.60%, purity 81.91, 84.61% and white sugar 4.20, 4.29 ton/fed in the two seasons, respectively. Spray of silica NPs at the rate of 4g/L gave the highest reduction 68.46, 77.81%, root yield 26.03, 26.01 ton /fed, foliage yield 8.60, 8.36 ton/fed, sucrose percentage 18.80, 19.00%, TSS% 22.90, 22.60%, Purity 86.46, 84.07% and white sugar 4.89, 4.94 ton/fed in the two seasons, respectively. In the laboratory, the toxic effect of each of silica NPs, potassium silicate, magnesium silicate and sodium silicate for 2nd larvae instar after 96 hr., was and found that Lc50values were 0.079, 0.212,0.239 and 0.261 g/L. While the corresponding values for 4th after 96 hr., were 0.120, 0.218, 0.261 and 0.594 g/L, respectively.

Water and nitrogen supply on photosynthetic physiological response of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) under mulched drip irrigation

Sugar beet is a characteristic cash crop in Inner Mongolia, and water and fertilizer is an important management measure in sugar beet planting. The interaction between water and nitrogen is of practical significance in regulating the growth of sugar beet. The coordinated relationship between water and fertilizer can achieve the purpose of water saving, fertilizer saving, cost saving and efficiency increasing. The cultivation method of drip irrigation under plastic mulch was adopted in this study. The effects of water nitrogen supply on water metabolism and photosynthetic performance of sugar beet were studied through two years of field experiments in order to provide theoretical basis for improving the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer and rational fertilization and irrigation. The results showed that the water nitrogen supply level and its proportion had influence with the water potential, Transpiration rate (Tr), Photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal Conductance (Cond) of sugar beet leaves. And they were significantly positively correlated with the yield of sugar beet. When the water potential of sugar beet leaves was −0.38 ∼ −0.23 MPa in the period of leaf fast growth, root and sugar growth, and −0.45 ∼ −0.38 MPa in the period of sugar accumulation, the yield and sugar content were the highest. Under the coupling condition of water and nitrogen, the irrigation amount of sugar beet was 1350 ∼ 1427 m3·ha−1, and the nitrogen application amount was 150 ∼ 179.22 kg·ha−1. Sugar beet has the highest utilization rate of light energy and yield and sugar content.

Efficiency and Management of Nitrogen Fertilization in Sugar Beet as Spring Crop: A Review

Sugar beet fertilization is a very complex agrotechnical measure for farmers. The main reason is that technological quality is equally important as sugar beet yield, but the increment of the root yield does not follow the root quality. Technological quality implies the concentration of sucrose in the root and the possibility of its extraction in the production of white table sugar. The great variability of agroecological factors that directly affect root yield and quality are possible good agrotechnics, primarily by minimizing fertilization. It should be considered that for sugar beet, the status of a single plant available nutrient in the soil is more important than the total amounts of nutrients in the soil. Soil analysis will show us the amount of free nutrients, the degree of soil acidity and the status of individual elements in the soil so that farmers can make a compensation plan. An estimate of the mineralizing ability of the soil, the N min, is very important in determining the amount of mineral nitrogen that the plant can absorb for high root yield and good technological quality. The amount of N needed by the sugar beet crop to be grown is an important factor, and it will always will be in the focus for the producers, especially from the aspect of trying to reduce the N input in agricultural production to preserve soils and their biodiversity but also to establish high yields and quality.

Biochemical and yield response of sugar beet to drought stress and foliar application of vermicompost tea

Vermicompost tea (VCT) possess plant growth regulator properties and could play significant role in mitigating drought stress (DS) effects when applied as fertilizer. Current study was planned to assess the effects of VCT levels (0, 27 and 54 L ha−1) applications on physiological, biochemical and yield of sugar beet when plants were grown under field conditions with DS (100%, 75% and 50% irrigation water requirement (IWR)). The results showed that severe DS reduced root growth and sugar yield by reducing relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll contents through increased generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). However, VCT significantly increased root yield by 20% and sugar yield by 33% under 50% IWR. Vermicompost tea could partly alleviate the effects of DS on sugar beet by up-regulation of the antioxidant system and leaf soluble sugars and simultaneous decreasing of H2O2 and MDA.

Estimating Yield from NDVI, Weather Data, and Soil Water Depletion for Sugar Beet and Potato in Northern Belgium

Crop-yield models based on vegetation indices such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) have been developed to monitor crop yield at higher spatial and temporal resolutions compared to agricultural statistical data. We evaluated the model performance of NDVI-based random forest models for sugar beet and potato farm yields in northern Belgium during 2016–2018. We also evaluated whether weather variables and root-zone soil water depletion during the growing season improved the model performance. The NDVI integral did not explain early and late potato yield variability and only partly explained sugar-beet yield variability. The NDVI series of early and late potato crops were not sensitive enough to yield affecting weather and soil water conditions. We found that water-saturated conditions early in the growing season and elevated temperatures late in the growing season explained a large part of the sugar-beet and late-potato yield variability. The NDVI integral in combination with monthly precipitation, maximum temperature, and root-zone soil water depletion during the growing season explained farm-scale sugar beet (R2 = 0.84, MSE = 48.8) and late potato (R2 = 0.56, MSE = 57.3) yield variability well from 2016 to 2018 in northern Belgium.

Effect of long-term sugar beet cultivation on rhizosphere bacterial diversity, community structure and sugar yield of sugar beet

Long-term sugar beet cultivation in the black soil region of China not only affected sugar beet yield but also influenced rhizosphere soil bacteria. However, the relationship between sugar beet growth and rhizosphere soil bacteria is still indeterminate. Therefore, this study analyzed the sugar beet growth status, rhizosphere soil bacterial diversity, species, and functional composition of long-term cultivation fields (LCF) and initial planting fields (IPF) of sugar beet. The results showed that sugar beet leaf disease in the long-term cultivation fields was significantly aggravated and the sugar beet yield was significantly reduced compared with the initial planting fields. The content of available phosphorus in sugar beet rhizosphere soil and the diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial community were significantly decreased. The Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were increased, while Acidobacteria were decreased, and the difference in species composition was significant. The abundance of metabolic functions related to nutrient cycling and the abundance of chemoheterotrophy ecological functions was decreased. The bacterial diversity of sugar beet rhizosphere soil was negatively correlated with the leaf disease index and positively correlated with sugar yield. The sugar beet yield was negatively correlated with the abundance of proteobacteria and actinobacteria, while positively correlated with the abundance of acidobacteria, chemoheterotrophy function, and nitrogen fixation function. This study identified the soil reasons for the decline of sugar beet yield in long-term sugar beet cultivation areas and provided a reference basis for improving soil properties and sugar beet productivity.

Forecasting the yield of sugar beet

The article discusses the main factors affecting the yield of sugar beet; the approaches of leading experts in the field of forecasting the yield of sugar beet have been studied; Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the yield of sugar beet in the Kursk region for 1975-2019, a multifactor model for forecasting the yield is proposed, which has a high accuracy of forecast data.