Seed Yield Of Soybean Research Articles

The Effect of Herbicides and Biostimulant Application on the Seed Yield and Seed Quality of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

The profitability of growing soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is largely determined by the successful elimination of weeds and the weather conditions, the adverse effect of which can be minimized by the use of biostimulants. This study aims to evaluate the effect of several herbicides and biostimulants on the seed yield and contents of protein, fat, amino acids, and fatty acids in soybean seeds. The results demonstrate that the yield and quality of soybean seeds were most beneficially affected by the use of prosulfocarb immediately after sowing in combination with a subsequent foliar application of bentazone and imazamox with an adjuvant containing methyl oleate and fatty alcohol. This treatment ensured the highest seed yield (3.32 t ha−1), the highest contents in seeds of protein (342.4 g kg−1 DM), phenylalanine (15.65 g kg−1 DM), leucine (23.54 g kg−1 DM), and most of the endogenous amino acids. All herbicide treatments increased the contents of tryptophan, serine, and glutamic acid compared to the seeds without herbicide treatment. The study results indicate that soybean responded positively to all biostimulants, as indicated by a higher seed yield (from 5.3% to 11.3%), plant height, and contents of tryptophan, serine, glutamic acid, cysteine, tyrosine, and C18:1n9c + C18:1n9t acids in the seeds.

Characteristics of several soybean varieties (Glycine max L.) and weed management systems in an effort to increase productivity in low land rice

Soybean productivity in paddy fields is influenced by variety selection and grass management practices. This study aimed to assess several soybean varieties and evaluate the impact of soil processing and weed control on Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR), as well as growth and yield of soybean seeds. Conducted in Sungai Kakap, Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan, during 2021, the research employed a Randomized Block Design with 15 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments included various combinations of tillage methods, weed control techniques, and mulching. The study identified four soybean varieties Detap-1, Derap-1, Devon-1, and Dena-2 with large seed sizes and high yields. These varieties also exhibited resistance to common pests such as Etiella zinkenella, Riptortus linearis, and Spodoptera litura. Weed composition analysis revealed O. sativa and Ageratum conyzoides as dominant species. Weed dry weight was lowest in the perfect tillage + pre-emergence herbicide treatment and highest in the minimum tillage + weeds are not controlled treatment. The highest plant growth and seed yield were observed in the minimum tillage + pre-emergence herbicide and perfect tillage + pre-emergence herbicide treatments. Plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, and dry seed yield were significantly higher in these treatments compared to others. In conclusion, varieties Detap-1, Derap-1, Devon-1, and Dena-2 possess suitable physical characteristics for cultivation in Indonesia. The most effective grass management models identified were minimum tillage + pre-emergence herbicide and perfect tillage + pre-emergence herbicide. These findings contribute to optimizing soybean cultivation practices, emphasizing varietal selection and weed control strategies for improved crop performance.

PERFORMANCE OF SOYBEAN CULTIVARS FOR SEED PRODUCTION IN TROPICAL FLOODPLAINS UNDER DIFFERENT GROWING CONDITIONS

Soybeans are a major crop in Brazilian agribusiness, with cultivar selection, location, and sowing date significantly impacting seed yield and quality. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and quality of soybean seeds under different growing environments, combining sowing time and location in tropical floodplain conditions in Tocantins in 2022. Four field experiments were conducted in two locations, with sowing dates of May 17 and May 31 in Lagoa da Confusão, TO. The cultivars Bônus, Extrema, Domínio, SYN1687, and SYN2282 were assessed. Each experiment followed a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications. After full maturity, the crops were harvested and evaluated for yield parameters and seed physiological quality. The cultivars Bônus, Domínio, and SYN1687 produced the highest yields, unaffected by sowing dates. However, the growing environment influenced seed vigor and viability, with the May 31 sowing favoring seed quality.

Pengaruh Kombinasi Populasi Tumpangsari Kedelai-Singkong pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Benih Tanaman Kedelai dan Hasil Umbi Singkong

Intercropping soybeans with cassava can become one solution to increase the production of soybean in Indonesia. This research aimed to determine the most optimal population combination of soybean-cassava intercropping for the growth and yield of soybean seeds, cassava tuber yield, and land use efficiency (LUE).. The research was carried out on the farm land of the Main Seed Center in Sekincau District, West Lampung Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia at -5°02’27” South and 104°18’16” East at elevation of 1173.1 meter from sea level and at the Seed and Plant Breeding Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture University of Lampung during June 2022 - February 2023. The four treatments of population combination of soybean-cassava intercropping were applied in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) and replicated five times in five blocks. The four population combination treatments of soybean-cassava intercropping were a) 100% soybean and 0% cassava (monoculture) (p₁), b) 67% soybean and 97% cassava (p₂), c) 67% soybean and 89% cassava (p₃), and d) 50% soybeans and 97% cassava (p₄). The growth and the seed yield per soybean stem of monoculture did not differ to those of the soybean-cassava intercropping, but the soybean seed yield per plot area of the intercropping was lower than those of monoculture. Its mainly due to the soybean population of the intercropping was lower compared to monoculture. All population combinations in soybean-cassava intercropping were effective in supporting the growth and yield of soybean seeds, but the population combination of 50% soybean and 97% cassava (p₄) was also effective in supporting cassava tuber yield, and had the highest land use efficiency among other population combinations. Key words: flowering age, plant height, seed weight, tuber weight of cassava

Application of Plant Aqueous Extracts on Yield and Quality Parameters of Soybean Seeds (Glycine max L.)

Background: In order to reduce the use of synthetic and chemical agents in agriculture, more and more research is turning to ecological, more environmentally friendly methods. Plant aqueous extracts are products that can be a significant source of various elements, depending on the type and quality of soil on which the plant species from which the solution is prepared is grown. Methods: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of aqueous extracts of different plant species on the yield and quality parameters of soybean seeds (Glycine max L.). Aqueous extracts of: nettle, nettle+comfrey, banana, banana peel, onion, willow and soybeans were used foliarly. The 1st foliar treatment plants was done when first flowers opened and the 2nd treatment was done when first pod reached final length. Result: The effect of aqueous extracts depends on the agroecological conditions and the analyzed traits. In 2020 the greatest effect was achieved on the free proline, SOD, Px and CAT. In 2021 the application of certain aqueous extracts had a significant effect on the yield, gerimination energy, germination percentage and vigour seed.

Урожайность сортов сои в Центральном Нечерноземье при использовании различных норм внесения регулятора роста

Abstract. When growing environmentally friendly soybean products, it is necessary to use safe and low-hazard fertilizers, plant protection products and biostimulants. Their use increases productivity, reduces cultivation costs and produces high-quality products. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of different rates of application of the growth regulator “Zerebra Agro” on plant growth, the formation of the symbiotic apparatus, the size and quality of the soybean yield. Research methods. On the base of three years of research, an analysis was made of the influence of growth regulator application rates on the symbiotic apparatus, yield and quality of soybean seeds. Scientific novelty. In the weather and climatic conditions of the Non-Chernozem Zone of the Kaluga Region, the optimal rate of application of the growth regulator “Zerebra Agro” to increase soybean yields was determined for the first time. Results. Spraying vegetative plants of the Georgia variety at a rate of 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 l/ha contributed to an increase in plant height by 3.6–6.3 cm, leaf area by 7–16 %, dry aboveground mass by 5–10 %, underground mass – by 6–12 %, and in the Pripyat’ variety – an increase in plant height by 2.7–4.6 cm, leaf area – by 2–6 %, dry aboveground mass – by 3–6 %, underground mass – by 3–7 %. In the studied soybean varieties, the number and weight of nodules significantly increased when treated with the drug at a rate of 0.10 and 0.15 l/ha. The use of the growth regulator “Zerebra Agro” contributed to an increase in the seed yield of soybean varieties: Georgiy by 0.12–0.80 t/ha, and Pripyat’ by 0.24–0.54 t/ha. A significant increase in yield by 0.8 t/ha and protein content in seeds by 1.3% was noted when plants of the Georgia variety were treated at a dose of 0.20 l/ha. In the Pripyat’ variety, an increase in the protein content in the seeds was noted in all variants of using the “Zerebra Agro” preparation.

Soybean yield dependence on the timing of sowing in the conditions of the foothill zone of the RNO-Alania

The article presents the results of research on the reaction of soybean plants depending on the timing of sowing in the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The need to improve the timing of sowing occurs with the introduction of new varieties of various ripeness in the main and intermediate crops. The purpose of the paper is to study the effect of sowing dates on the yield of soybean seeds in the conditions of the foothill zone of the RNO-Alania. The scientific novelty was to establish optimal sowing dates that would ensure optimal plant growth and development and high productivity. Our research was carried out in the experimental fields of the North Caucasian Research Institute of Mountain and Piedmont Agriculture of the VSC RAS in 2018-2021. The object of research was the varieties of breeding of the Federal scientific center "V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. Two main types of soils prevail in the foothill zone: chernozems of varying degrees of leaching, as well as meadow and meadow-boggy soils. The arable layer contains from 3 to 4.4% humus. Down the profile, the amount of humus decreases gradually. The reaction of the soil solution in the upper horizons is neutral, in horizons deeper than 80-90 cm – slightly alkaline. The predecessor of the experimental plots was corn for grain. It was found that at early sowing dates (April 20 - May 5) resulted in higher field germination (87-93%), plant foliage of 46.9 thousand m2/ha and their survival rate for harvesting 84-91%. More nodules formed on the roots of the plants. The maximum yield is 2.6 t/ha, obtained during sowing on April 30.

ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ СОИ В РСО-АЛАНИЯ

The author presents the results of research on the study of sowing dates for soybean yields in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. With the introduction of new varieties of various ripeness in the main and intermediate crops, there is a need to improve the timing of sowing. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of sowing dates on the yield of soybean seeds in the conditions of the foothill zone of the Russian Federation. The scientific novelty was to establish optimal sowing dates that would ensure optimal plant growth and development and high productivity. Our research was carried out in the experimental fields of the North Caucasus Scientific Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Agriculture of the VNC RAS in 2018-2021. The object of research was the varieties of breeding of the Federal Scientific Center of the V.S. Pustovoit Research Institute of Oilseeds. Two main types of soils prevail in the foothill zone: chernozems of varying degrees of leaching, as well as meadow and meadow-marsh soils. The arable layer contains from 3 to 4.4% humus. Down the profile, the amount of humus decreases gradually. The reaction of the soil solution in the upper horizons is neutral, deeper than 80-90 cm – slightly alkaline. The predecessor of the experimental plots was corn for grain. It was found that at early sowing dates (April 20 – May 5), higher field germination (87-93%), plant foliage of 46.9 thousand m2/ha and their survival rate for harvesting 84-91% were noted. More nodules formed on the roots of the plants. The maximum yield is 2.6 t/ha, obtained during sowing on April 30. In the forest-steppe zone, the yield of medium-ripened varieties decreased from early to late sowing periods by 0.44 and 0.58 t/ha, while in early-ripening varieties it was less significant. Fertilizers (R90K30) increased the yield of seeds, depending on the timing of sowing, by 0.24-0.58 t/ha.

INCREASE IN LEAF SURFACE AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF SOYBEAN PLANTS DEPENDS ON SOWING RATE AND ROW WIDTH

An essential condition for obtaining high soybean yields is the presence of an optimal leaf surface area. An important condition for obtaining the optimal leaf area in plants is the formation of a certain density of plants per unit area. It is known that the optimal area of the leaf surface, for which a high yield of soybean seeds is formed, is considered to be an area within the range of 40–50 thousand m2/ha. The purpose of the research was the determined dependence of the formation of the leaf surface area and the photosynthetic activity of soybean plants under the influence of the sowing rate and the width of the rows. The research was conducted during 2021–2023 at the experimental field of the VSP "Zalischytskyi Vocational College named after E. Khraplyvyh NUBiP of Ukraine". The following methods were used in the research process: field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical using generally recognized methods and methodical recommendations. The experiment was conducted on dark gray podsolized soil. The experiment was based on a three-factor scheme, where Diadema Podillia and Mentor varieties were factor A, and row width was factor B (15 cm – control, 30 cm and 45 cm); factor C is the sowing rate (500 thousand/ha - control, 600 and 700 thousand pieces of similar seeds per 1 ha. The predecessor is winter wheat. The conducted studies showed that the maximum leaf surface area was the Mentor variety - it reached 37,7-44,7 thousand/m2/ha during the seeding period. In the variety Diadema Podillia, the area of the leaf surface grew more slowly and reached the maximum size – 36,3-43,0 thousand m2/ha during the seeding period. The largest assimilation surface of soybean plants was formed at seed sowing rates of 500-600 thousand/ha in the Mentor variety, and in the Diadema Podillia variety at seed sowing rates of 600-700 thousand/ha. and for row widths of 30 and 45 cm in both varieties. It was established that the photosynthetic potential of Diadema Podillia soybean during the period of germination - full maturity was within the range of 1,95-2,21 million m2 days/ha, in the Mentor variety – 2,16-2,56 million m2 days/ha.

Assessment of the abiotic and anthropogenic factors influence on soybean nutrition and yield

The research was carried out in a long-term stationary experiment with mineral fertilizers, laid in 1962-1964 on meadow chernozem-like soil in Sadovoye village of the Tambov district of the Amur region, in 2020-2022. The object of the study was the crops of the precocious soybean variety Sentyabrinka, which is the fourth crop of the five-field crop rotation. The aim of the research was to study the influence of external factors on the intake and content of nutrients, productivity and biological yield of soybean seeds in the system of long-term use of fertilizers. Of the abiotic factors, the accumulation of heat and precipitation had a positive effect on the growth and development of soybean plants of the September variety, the intake of mineral nutrition elements from the soil. The most favorable conditions for the formation of a high yield were formed in 2021, due to sufficient precipitation in July (104 mm) and August (194 mm), which contributed to the active formation of beans and seeds in early-ripening plants. The anthropogenic factor of fertilization had a positive effect on the number and weight of seeds from one plant. The average annual loads of N24P30K24, N42P48 and N24P30 + manure 4.8 t/ha provide an increase in the number of seeds by 3.6-3.7 compared to the control, and the weight by 2.3-3.4%, depending on the average annual load of fertilizers. At the same time, the mass of 1000 seeds was greater than in the control by 0.9-4.8 g. The positive effect of fertilizers on plant nutrition led to an increase in the biological yield of seeds, which was the highest in the weather conditions of 2020 and 2021. On average, over 3 years of research, there was a stable tendency to increase biological yield against the background of the action and aftereffect of fertilizers by 0.23-0.68 t/ha with coefficients varying by years from 2.1 to 10.4%, depending on the average annual load of fertilizers.

The Combined Effect of Bio-Stimulants and Antioxidants on The Qualitative, Chemical Characteristics on Essential Oil of Soybean

A field experiment was conducted in 2022 at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriyah, with the aim of determination of the amount of bio-stimulants and antioxidants to produce the best chemical content of oil with a good percentage of protein in comparison with the seed yield, oil, antioxidant compounds, and oxidative activity of soybean seeds. The experiment was conducted according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors and their interactions, and three replicates. The first factor included three levels of bio-stimulants (without spraying, 2 g L-1 humic acid, and 2 g L-1 folic acid), while the second factor included three levels of antioxidants (without spraying, 100 mg L-1 ascorbic acid, and 100 mg L-1 glutathione acid). Both factors were sprayed on the vegetative growth after one month of planting, and after one month of the first spray, during branch initiation stage, and at 50% flowering stage. The results showed that treatment with 2 g L-1 folic acid was superior in protein ratio (27.10%), total antioxidant capacity (42.90%), inhibition of free radicals (9.69%), and seed content of flavonoids (24.93 mg kg-1 dry weight). Antioxidants also affected most of the measured traits, especially 100 mg L-1 glutathione acid, which showed an increase in protein percent (25.51%), total antioxidant capacity (30.14%), inhibition of free radicals (8.40%), and flavonoid content (21.45 mg kg-1 dry weight). The combined treatment of 2 g L-1 folic acid and 100 mg L-1 glutathione acid was significant in protein ratio (27.34%), percentage of inhibition of free radicals (9.90%), total antioxidant capacity (55.00%), seed content of flavonoids (43.30 mg kg-1 dry weight), and in increasing the percentage of the effective area of the essential oil compounds, as determined by GC-MS analysis.

Урожайность и качество урожая сортов сои разных групп спелости при припосевном внесении минеральных удобрений в условиях центральной природно-климатической зоны Краснодарского края

Yield and quality of soybean seeds depend largely on the weather conditions during a growing season and mineral nutrition. Biological features of the cultivars influenced nutrients consumption by plants. The purpose of the research is to determine impact of presowing fertilizer application in doses N30P30 and N30P30S21 under seeds inoculation on yield and yield quality of the cultivars of the different maturity groups bred in the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (Vita, Slaviya, Irbis, and Vilana beta) in the central natural-climatic zone of the Krasnodar region. In 2020–2022, on leached chernozem in field two-factor experiment, the presowing application of mineral fertilizers promoted the yield increase of the middle maturing cultivar Slaviya 0.17–0.21 t/ha and the middle-early maturing cultivar Vilana beta by 0.12 t/hа. The fertilizers did not effect reliably the yield increase of the early maturing cultivar Vita and the early maturing highly protein cultivar Irbis. A share of impact of the presowing 41 fertilizers on seed yield was 1.8–14.1% depending on the year of the research and a share of the cultivar impact – 59.7–94.9%. The positive correlation between yield of the studied cultivars and precipitation amount during a period flowering – seed formation was revealed. The presowing application of fertilizers did not influenced significantly protein content and oil in soybean seeds. The protein content and oil in seeds depended on the cultivar and precipitation amount in a phase of seeds formation: under increasing of the precipitations oil raised and protein content lowered in the seeds of the very early maturing cultivar Vita, at the same conditions, on the contrary, protein content increased and oil decreased in the seeds of the early maturing cultivars Slaviya, Irbis, and the middle-early maturing cultivar Vilana beta.

The fungicides effectiveness in soybean cultivation under irrigation in the conditions of the Central Caucasus

Studies conducted in 2018-2020 allowed us to determine the best protection system and biological effectiveness of fungicides when growing soybeans under irrigation in the conditions of the Central Caucasus. Soybeans were grown on ordinary chernozem after winter wheat on the basis of LLC "Agrosakhar" (Izobilnensky district, Stavropol Territory). Irrigation was carried out by sprinkling. Phytoexpertize of soybean seeds before sowing revealed the presence of infection represented by fungi from the genera: Alternaria, Ascochyta, Fusarium, Peronospora, Sclerotinia, Septoria, and bacteria from the genera: Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas. Fungicides were used for seed etching: Maxim, KS; Delit Pro, KS; TMTD, VSK; Protect,KS. During the budding phase, the crops were treated with fungicides Optimo, CS and Acanto Plus, CS. The maximum effectiveness in the fight against fusarium was established when seeds were treated with the fungicide Delit Pro, CS (0.5 l /t) – the prevalence of fusarium decreased by 82.0, and the development of the disease by 70.4%. The fungicide Acanto Plus, CS (0.6 l/ha) was more effective compared to the standard by an average of 5.7–12.4%. Combined application of seed pickling Divides Pro, CS (0.5 l /t), and the treatment of crops in the budding phase with the fungicide Acanto Plus, CS (0.6 l /ha) was characterized by the greatest effect: the number of plants affected by peronosporosis decreased by 84.3% and the development of the disease decreased by 81.2%. The greatest biological effect in the fight against soybean bacteriosis was after seed etching with TMTD, VSK (6 l/t) and treatment of vegetative plants with Acanto Plus fungicide, CS (0.6 l/ha), the prevalence of bacteriosis decreased by 69.4%, and development - by 39.8%. In this variant, the highest yield of soybean seeds was obtained at 3.36 t/ha, which is more than the control variant by 0.64 t/ha and more than the standard by 0.11 t/ha. The profitability of growing soybean seeds using the studied protection systems, depending on the fungicides used, varied from 89.7 (Protect, CS (2.0 l/t); Optimo, CS (0.5 l/ha)) up to 103.4% (TMTD, VSK (6.0 l/t); Acanto Plus, CS (0.6 l/ha)).

Ефективність післясходових гербіцидів залежно від строків застосування в посівах сої в Східному Лісостепу України

Goal. To determine the influence of the timing of application of multi-component postemergence herbicides on crop weediness, yield, and quality of soybean seeds in the conditions of the Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, weighing, statistical, analytical. Results. According to the results of research in 2017–2019, 15 types of weeds, represented by 4 agrobiological groups — early spring weeds, late spring weeds, biennials, and rhizomes — were found in soybean crops in the conditions of the Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Cereal annual weeds were dominated by number, and dicotyledonous annual weeds by raw mass. It was established that against the background of the use of anti-dicotyledons drug with the active substance bentazon + acifluorfen (in the phases of primordial leaves, 2 and 4 ternate leaves of soybeans) with a graminicide based on hyzalofop-P-ethyl (in the phase of 5 ternate leaves of soybeans), the technical efficiency of these combinations concerning the total weediness of soybean crops was, respectively: in terms of quantity at the beginning of the growing season — 65.7; 65.0 and 48.8%; by the amount at the end of vegetation — 88.6; 88.0 and 67.5%; by raw mass at the end of the growing season — 86.3; 83.9 and 62.4%. When applying the herbicide with the active substance imazetapir + propakhizafop in the phase of primordial leaves and 2-3 ternate leaves of soybean, the technical effectiveness of the effect on the total weediness of the crops was 81.7 and 58.9%, respectively, at the beginning of the growing season, and 82, 1 and 58.8% — at the end, by raw mass at the end of the growing season — 68.3 and 55.2%. The greatest increase in the yield of soybean seeds was provided by the combination of the herbicide with the active substance bentazon + acifluorfen (primordial soybean leaves) with the drug based on hyzalofop-P-ethyl (5 ternate soybean leaves) — 0.29 t/ha, or 33%, the smallest was provided by the application of the drug with the active substance imazetapir + propakhizafop in the phase of 2–3 ternate soybean leaves (0.12 t/ha, or 13%). In almost all options, with the application of herbicides, the increased collection of protein (by 0.06–0.08 t/ha) and oil (by 0.03–0.04 t/ha) was fixed. Conclusions. The use of anti-dicotyledons herbicide with the active ingredient bentazon + acifluorfen (in the phase of primordial soybean leaves) with a graminicide based on hyzalofop-P-ethyl (in the phase of 5 ternate soybean leaves) is promising for effective control of weeds in crops and ensuring an increase in the yield of soybean seeds in the conditions of the Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine.

The Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur Application on Soybean Productivity Traits in Temperate Climates Conditions

Both nitrogen and sulphur are important macronutrients necessary for the proper development and yield of soybean. Moreover, sulphur plays a special role in nitrogen metabolism in the plant, and sulphur deficiency leads to a reduction in the utilization of nitrogen from fertilizer. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of nitrogen and sulphur application on the yield and quality traits of soybean seeds. The following factors were analyzed in the experiment: I. Nitrogen application rate: 0, 30 and 60 kg ha−1 applied at different times (before sowing and/or at the start of the seed filling stage); II. Sulphur application rate: 0 and 40 kg ha−1 applied in two portions: half during the development of lateral shoots and half at the start of flowering. Thus the 14 fertilizer combinations were obtained. Result show that the highest seeds yield was obtained in the combinations with 60 kg N applied ½ before sowing + ½ after emergence (BBCH 73-75) and ¾ before sowing +¼ after emergence. In these combinations, sulphur did not significantly affect seed yield. In the remaining nitrogen application, sulphur application significantly increased the seed yield. Taking into account the yield and the chemical composition of the soybean seeds, fertilization with 60 kg N ha−1 in two portions can be recommended—½ or ¾ before sowing and the remainder during the development of pods and seeds—in combination with sulphur application.

Research Article Nitrogen supplementation improves yield and quality of soybean seeds

Research Article Nitrogen supplementation improves yield and quality of soybean seeds

Формирование урожайности сортов сои различных групп спелости под влиянием способов посева и норм высева

Purpose: to study the influence of sowing methods and seeding rates on soybean development and productivity under irrigation conditions on Rostov region soils. Materials and methods. Field studies were carried out on meadow-chernozem soils in Rostov region under irrigation conditions in 2020–2022. Experiment scheme was the following: factor A – soybean varieties: early ripening variety Selecta 201 and medium early variety Selecta 302; factor B – soybean sowing methods with a row spacing of 0.70; 0.45 and 0.15 m; factor C – seeding rate: 800, 600 and 400 thousand viable seeds per 1 ha. The studies were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods, taking into account zonal features. Results. It has been determined that the highest yield in the early variety Selecta 201 was obtained in the variant with a row spacing of 0.45 m and a seeding rate of 600 thousand units/ha – 4.69 t/ha, that exceeds the data of the control variant by 0.30 t/ha. Such an yield was formed due to the high field germination of seeds at the level of 95 %, linear growth indicators – 123 cm, leaf area duration – 74.8 thousand square meters/ha and a relatively high plant green matter – 7.06 t/ha. It is also possible to single out an option with a row spacing of 0.15 m and a seeding rate of 800 thousand units/ha – 4.67 t/ha. The medium early variety Selecta 302 has a high field germination of seeds at the level of 94 %, linear growth rates – 127 cm, leaf area duration – 74.2 thousand square meters/ha and plant green matter – 6.99 t/ha allowed to form a high yield of soybean seeds 4.87 t/ha at a seeding rate of 600 thousand units/ha and a row spacing of 0.45 m. Conclusion: a comparative assessment showed that the best option when culti-vating varieties Selecta 201 and Selecta 302 is the sowing method with a row spacing of 0.45 m and a seeding rate of 600 thousand units/ha with an yield of 4.69 and 4.87 t/ha respectively.

СТРУКТУРА УРОЖАЯ И УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ СОИ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ СРЕДСТВ БИОЛОГИЗАЦИИ

The article presents the results of a study on the development of soybean cultivation technology with the use of biologization tools to increase yields and obtain environmentally friendly products. Field experiments were laid down in Baltabai - 2030 LLP, located in Baltabai village, Enbekshikazakh district, Almaty region in a 3-full fruit-bearing crop rotation (soybeans, corn and winter wheat) with a short rotation. The scheme of the experiment includes a control variant, manure, vermicompost, HansePlant complex, Bioecogum, Tumat and Agroflorin. The total area of the plot in the experiments is 210 m2, the accounting area is 140 m2, the repetition is 3-fold. The field experiments were accompanied by a program of laboratory and field observations. According to the research results, it was found that the introduction of organic (manure, vermicompost) fertilizers and seed treatment before sowing, fertilizing, as well as foliar fertilizing of vegetative plants with biological fertilizers (HansePlant, Bioecogum, Tumat, Agroflorin) contribute to an increase in the productivity of soybeans. On average, in 2021-2022, the maximum yield of soybean seeds was obtained for the variants with biologization means - 31.4-39.8 c/ha, with the values for the control variant – 24.2 c/ha. The yield increase was 7.2-15.6 c/ha or 29.8-64.5% compared to the control.

Efficient control of the productivity of agrophytocenosis of soybean (Glicyne max (L.) Merill)

Around the world, there is a surging demand for soy, the ‘king of beans’. Soy is a globally traded foodstuff produced in both temperate and tropical regions and is a major source of protein and vegetable oils. In the conditions of the Kaliningrad region, the duration of soybean vegetation in soddy-weakly podzolic gleyic light loamy soil, with the medium reaction close to neutral, high and very high content of mobile phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium attains 144 days. The agrophytocenosis productivity is controlled through application of different mineral and bacterial fertilizers. Analysis of variance of the experimental data obtained in the study showed a pronounced relationship of 0.71 for the effect of the fertilizer system on quantitative indicators of the biological yield of soybean seeds. The effectiveness of the microbial-plant system of soybean cultivar Merlin and strains of nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum, under optimal conditions, increased the crop yield to 4.43 t/ha, which is 2.11 t/ha higher compared to the control and 1.01 t/ha higher relative to the experimental option with carbamide fertilizer.

Effects of Previous Fall–Winter Crop on Spring–Summer Soybean Nutrition and Seed Yield under No-Till System

Interest in fall–winter species options for rotation with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has arisen; however, little is known about how they can affect the performance of subsequent soybean under a no-tillage system in tropical environments. Our objective was to evaluate the leaf nutrient concentration, aboveground dry matter (DM) accumulation, macronutrient uptake, yield components, and seed yield of soybean cropped in succession to different crop species. Consequently, a field experiment was conducted during three consecutive growing seasons in Botucatu, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of the cultivation of five crops (crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst. ex. R.E. Fries), maize (Zea mays L.), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)) in rotation with soybean, in addition to plots that lie fallow (spontaneous weeds) in the soybean off-season, totaling six treatments. Letting plots lie fallow during the off-season reduced the DM accumulation, nutrient uptake, and seed yield of the soybean crop in succession. Preceding cultivation of fall–winter crambe or sunflower favored the uptake of P, K, Ca, Mg, and S by the following soybean crop. The cultivation of sorghum, safflower, and crambe as fall–winter crops also increased the seed yield of subsequent soybean (from 12 to 18% on the average of three growing seasons) compared to fallow plots. The highest increases in soybean seed yield were found in succession to maize (37%) or sunflower (45%) in the second and third growing seasons, respectively.