Yield Of Cauliflower Research Articles

Design of Trials for Evaluating Insecticides against Some Insect Pests of Vegetables

AbstractEvaluation trials should provide a maximum of information with minimal effort. Conventional trials designed as randomised block layouts are simple but not very precise and they do not readily permit dose/response relationships to be explored. Semi‐systematic designs, especially in conjunction with log‐dose treatments, can largely overcome these problems. The types of information needed and factors influencing the design of machinery to apply granular insecticides to small plots are discussed. Different experiment designs were tested and standardised designs were developed for evaluating insecticides against cabbage root fly and carrot fly. Examples of results for insecticide efficiency against carrot fly and cabbage root fly and effectiveness in terms of cauliflower yield are given and side‐effects involving phytotoxicity and non‐selectivity are discussed.

LIME‐INDUCED CHLOROSIS

SummaryThe following properties were measured on 22 soil samples from seven sites in the south east of England: total CaCO3, active CaCO3 apparent solubility product, particle size distribution of the CaCO3, and pH. Active CaCO3 was between one quarter and one half of the total for all sites except one. Apparent solubility products varied for each parent material, and increased with depth in each profile and ranged from 0.93 to 4.87 × 10−9. Soil pH was directly related to apparent solubility product. Active CaCO3 was closely related to the surface area.pH measured in 0.01 M CaCl2 was the best index of yield of cauliflower, tomato, sweet white lupin and bitter blue lupin, with chlorotic symptoms increasing and yield decreasing as pH increased. The apparent solubility product of the soil carbonates and pH measured in water were also closely correlated with yield. Total and active CaCO3 were only related to yield above limits of 20 and 10 per cent respectively and even then were poor indices of yield.

The effect of plant density on populations of the cabbage root fly (Erioischia brassicae (Bch.)) and the cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus quadridens (Panz.)) on cauliflowers

AbstractTo study the effects of plant density on populations of the cabbage root fly (Erioischia brassicae (Bch.) ) and the cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus quadridens (Panz.)), cauliflowers were planted in 24 concentric circles to achieve spacings of 10–90 cm at 22 plant densities (1·5–83/m2). Some plants were treated with a root drench of chlorfenvinphos. Each week female cabbage root flies laid approximately three times as many eggs per individual plant at the lowest than at the highest plant densities tested. This was equivalent to approximately 350 and 5000 eggs/m2, respectively. The numbers of cabbage root fly pupae produced ranged from 11/m2 at the lowest to 210/m2 at the highest plant density. In the absence of an insecticide, increasing the plant density considerably increased the absolute population of the pest without affecting cauliflower yield. Approximately seven times as many flies were produced per unit area of untreated mini-cauliflowers as from an equivalent area of plants growing at a conventional density. When chlorfenvinphos was not applied, damage by the cabbage stem weevil occurred in 30% and 70% of the plants grown at the lowest and highest densities, respectively.

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM ON YIELD AND MATURITY OF CAULIFLOWER

The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on the yield and maturity of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. ssp. botrytis cv. Snowball Y) were investigated at a total of nine locations during three successive cropping seasons. Yields were substantially increased at most locations by applications of nitrogen and phosphorus but were only slightly affected by applied potassium. Maturity was slightly delayed by a lack of phosphorus. Maximum yields were generally obtained where N was applied at 112–224 kg/ha, P at 49–98 kg/ha, and K at 93 kg/ha.

Boron deficiency in cole crops under field and greenhouse conditions

Abstract Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted on a Charlottetown fine sandy loam soil containing 0.28 ppm hot‐water‐soluble (hws) B. Broccoli, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower grown without added B showed B deficiency symptoms in the form of yellowing of leaves and in the case of cauliflower purplish colored inward curled leaf edges were also noted under greenhouse conditions. Under field conditions, however, only broccoli showed symptoms of B deficiency in the form of browning of older leaf edges. Application of B increased plant growth about 3‐fold under greenhouse conditions, while in the field experiment B increased the yield of broccoli and cauliflower by about 20%. The decreased yields of broccoli, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower with B deficiency leaf disorders under greenhouse conditions were associated with plant tissue B concentrations of 2.4, 6.6 and 4.2 ppm, respectively, in the three crops. Under field conditions, B deficiency symptoms in broccoli, and reduced yields in broccoli and cauliflower were associated with 7.8 to 9.1 ppm B in the leaf tissue. Liming the soil from pH 6.0 to 6.6 increased the yield of cauliflower but had no effect on broccoli and Brussels sprouts yields or on the concentration of B in broccoli and cauliflower tissue.

Effect of <i>Alternaria</i> blight on the seed yield of cauliflower (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> L.)

Effect of Alternaria blight (Alternaria brassiceae and A. brassicicola) on seed yield of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) was studied during three consecutive growing seasons (2003-2004, 2004-2005, and 2005-2006) in winter under natural epiphytotic condition. There were two treatments viz. sprayed and unsprayed. BARI Cauliflower-1 was used as planting material and Rovral 50 WP (Iprodion) at 0.2% suspension was used as protective chemical to safe the crop against Alternaria brassiceae and A. brassicicola. Percent pod infection, pod area diseased, number of pods/plant and seed yield differed significantly between the sprayed and unsprayed (control) plots. Percent pod infection and pod area diseased ranged 35.3-62.4% and 94.7-97.6%, 1.9-2.2%, and 10.8-16.4% in sprayed and unsprayed plots in different, respectively. The number of pod/plant was 462-592 in sprayed and 281-395 in unsprayed plots. The seed yield/ha ranged 249.4-355.1 kg in unsprayed plots and 456.8-677.0 kg in Rovral sprayed plots. The seed yield increase were 59.6%, 171.4%, and 75.2% in 2003-2004, 2004-2005, and 2005-2006 cropping seasons, respectively. Keywords: Alternaria blight; seed yield; cauliflower.DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i3.6444Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(3) : 381-385

Effect and Interaction of Molybdenum and Limestone on Growth and Molybdenum Content of Cauliflower, Alfalfa, and Bromegrass on Acid Soils

AbstractA greenhouse study involving four levels each of Mo and limestone indicated that without application of both Mo and lime, the cauliflower (Brassica oleracea, var. botrytis L.) crop produced very poor yields on the three soils investigated. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., var. ‘Narragansett’) was also a failure without added lime. At soil pH values of 5.5 and above, Mo applications increased the yield of alfalfa on Culloden sandy loam and O'Leary sandy clay loam soils, but gave no response on Acadia silty clay loam soil. Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss., var. ‘Saratoga’) showed a marked response to application of lime, but very little response to application of Mo. Cauliflower yield showed a highly significant Mo × lime interaction on Culloden and O'Leary soils, where without added Mo, lime treatment up to pH 6.5 failed to show any increase in yield. Addition of different levels of lime did not change the exchangeable Mo content of any of the three soils, after growing crops.The application of Mo or lime increased the Mo content of all crop tissues up to the highest level of applied Mo or lime. Application of lime substantially increased the Mo content of cauliflower and alfalfa while bromegrass showed less increase. There was a marked Mo × lime interaction on the Mo content of all crops, with much higher Mo contents in the plant when lime and Mo were applied together than when either treatment was applied alone. Liming to pH 6.5 without added Mo did not increase the Mo content of crops over 1.5 ppm.In the absence of added Mo, cupping and drying of the edges of true leaves of cauliflower appeared at the early stage of growth whether or not lime had been applied to the soils. During the later stages of growth, these symptoms in most cases were associated with yellowing between the veins of leaves.

The effects of cultural factors on yield and curd quality of autumn cauliflower

SummaryThe effects of six cultural treatments on (a) marketable yield, (b) percentage marketable plants and (c) percentage perfect quality curds produced, were studied on representative varieties of three groups of autumn cauliflower in experiments carried out over a period of five years. The treatments included a comparison of the use of graded and ungraded seed, transplanting and direct-drilling of the crop, different transplant ages, selection for uniformity at planting or thinning time, and plant density and nitrogen levels during the early seedling stage of growth.In general the yields and quality of drilled and transplanted crops were similar with all varieties each year and neither the use of graded seed nor the nitrogen treatments had any significant effect on yield or curd quality. Both increasing plant density in the seedbed and increasing age of transplant caused a reduction in yield on most occasions. The effects of the treatments on yield and quality are discussed in relation to their effects on the maturity characteristics of the crops.

THE EFFECTS OF SUB‐LETHAL DOSES OF MCPA ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND YIELD OF VEGETABLE CROPS

Summary. The effects of 2,4‐D, 2,4,5‐T, mecoprop and 2,3,6‐TBA were compared with those of MCPA on the morphology and yield of lettuce, cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprout, carrot, parsnip, French and broad bean, red beet, spinach, turnip and onion. Although the relativie phytotoxicity of MCPA, 2,4‐D, 2,4,5‐T and mecoprop varied according to the crop, the morphological abnormalities produced by the different compounds were essentially similar, except that in lettuce and cabbage sperilic foliar symptoms appeared to be associated with 2,4‐D. 2,3,6‐TBA caused less epinasty and usually fewer root and stem abnormalities, but in some crops, notably French and broad bean, red beet and spinach, it produced severe injury symptoms which were different from those produced by the other compounds.Effets de doses sub‐léthales de MCPA. sur la morphologie et le rendement des cultures légumirres VI. Comparaison avec le 2,4‐D, le 2,4,5‐T, le micoprop et le 2,3,6‐TBA

THE EFFECTS OF SUB‐LETHAL DOSES OF MCPA ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND YIELD OF VEGETABLE CROPS

Summary. The effects of sub‐lethal doses of MCPA‐sodium on the morphology, yield and marketability of cabbage, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts were studied in field and glasshouse experiments. The epinastic and formative effects in all three crops were similar. Cauliflower was the most susceptible and cabbage the least, but the marketability of these two crops was adversely affected at lower doses (less than 0.06 lb/ac a.e.) than that of Brussels sprouts (not below 0.1 Ib/ac a.e.), where the damage to the apex had less effect on the economically important portion of the plant. Brussels sprouts also produced lateral shoots on which normal sprouts developed even when the main stem above had been killed. In all three crops, characteristic galls were produced on the stems, and these, together with the effects on the stem apices, the leaves and the roots, are described and contrasted with abnormalities caused by other agencies.Effets de doses sub‐létales de MCPA sur la morphologie et le rendement des cultures tégumières IL Choux, choux‐fleurs et choux de Bruxelles