Yield Of Blackgram Research Articles

Effective weed control through post-emergence herbicides to enhance blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) productivity in South India

Pulses are essential components of vegetarian diet and play a pivotal role in addressing malnutrition by providing a vital source of dietary protein. However, weed competition remains as a significant obstacle to blackgram (Vigna mungo L) production, resulting in 25 to 35% yield losses. A field experiment was carried out at the National Pulses Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vamban, Pudukkottai, India during Kharif seasons of 2020 and 2021, to assess the suitable post-emergence herbicides for appropriate weed control in blackgram grown under irrigated conditions. The experimental field was observed to contain notable grass weed flora, specifically Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Chloris barbata, as well as broadleaved weeds, such as Flaveria australica, Cleome gynandra, Eclipta alba, Convolvulus arvensis, Digera arvensis, Vicia spp., and Celosia argentea. The results demonstrated that among the chemical weed management methods, spraying of Fomesafen @ 220 g + Fluzifop p-butyl @ 220 g ha−1 at 20 days after sowing (DAS) as a post-emergence herbicide treatment exhibited superior weed control efficiency, recording 66.80% and 68.53% at 30 and 45 DAS, respectively and recorded higher seed yield of 1088 kg ha−1. Additionally, this method generated 8.1% higher net income and 12.5% more benefit–cost ratio than hand weeding, making it an economically profitable strategy for maximizing blackgram yield and effective labour management.

Efficacy of Pre and Post Emergence Herbicides against Complex Weed Flora, Yield and Economics of Blackgram under High Hills Wet Temperate Zone of Himachal Pradesh

Background: Implementing integrated strategies for weed management is essential in maximizing blackgram yield. Unchecked weed proliferation leads to substantial decrease in crop productivity. Methods: The current field experiment was conducted at Salooni, Himachal Pradesh, to evaluate the efficacy of different integrated weed management practices during Kharif 2022 and 2023. Eleven treatments targeting weed control were evaluated both at pre and post - emergence stages. Result: The predominant weeds were Echinochloa colona, Galinsoga parviflora, Cyperus species and other broad leaf weeds were Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium repens, Trianthema species, Ageratum conyzoides. Data on weed dynamics revealed that; after weed-free treatment, the application of Imazethapyr 75 g/ha as PE fb HW at 30 DAS; Pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha as PE fb HW at 30 DAS and Pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + imazethapyr 75 g/ha (PE) recorded a significantly lower total weed count as compared to other treatments. Parameters related to blackgram growth and yield, including plant height, number of branches per plant, pods per plant, grain yield and haulm yield were significantly higher with weed-free treatment followed by application of imazethapyr 75 g/ha as PE fb HW at 30 DAS, remaining at par with application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + imazethapyr 75 g/ha (PE) and pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha as PE fb HW at 30 DAS. The most economically efficient weed control method was the combination of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + imazethapyr 75 g/ha (PE), as it resulted in the highest net returns and marginal benefit-cost ratio.

Impact of green carbon dot nanoparticles on seedling emergence, crop growth and seed yield in blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper)

Carbon Dots (CDs) were synthesized from peanut shells (PNS) through pyrolysis and characterized using FTIR, XRD, HRTEM and BET analysis revealing an average size of 2–5 nm with amorphous nature. Synthesized PNS-CDs was employed both as priming and foliar agent for enhancing seed quality and crop productivity in blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper). Different concentrations ranging from 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 1000 ppm was used for seed priming and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm were given as foliar spray on 30th and 45th days after sowing (DAS). On accounting the best seed priming and foliar spray concentrations, field trial was conducted to validate the optimistic effect of PNS-CDs on blackgram crop productivity. Results revealed that priming with 200 ppm for 3 h exhibited maximum seed imbibition (54%), germination (88%) and vigour index (3165). Whereas, foliar spray with 50 ppm expressed significant improvement in leaf area index (2.6), total chlorophyll (2.70 mg/g), total soluble protein (71 mg/g), Number of nodules/plant (138), seed yield/plant (8.7 g) and 100 seed weight (5 g). The impact of PNS-CDs treatments resulted in increased photosynthetic rate (12.45 µmol CO2 m−2s−1), transpiration rate (3.13 mmol H2O/m−2s−1), stomatal conductance (0.55 mol H2O/m−2s−1) and internal leaf CO2 concentration (652 µmol CO2 m−2s−1) which ultimately enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency of plants. It has also exhibited a promising effect on the resultant seed in which the combination seed priming (200 ppm) followed by foliar spray (50 ppm) recorded maximum 100 seed weight (4.19 g), germination (97%) and vigour index (3019). Thus, this study highlights the promising role of PNS-CDs as a sustainable and effective agricultural nanomaterial, offering a novel approach to utilize the agricultural waste and also to enhance the crop productivity through advanced non-chemical approach.

Bio sulfur granules developed with Methylobacterium thiocyanatum promoted black gram growth and yield in sulfur-deficient calcareous vertisol.

High soil pH and excess CaCO3 are major contributors to calcareous soil limitations on crops' access to essential nutrients, especially phosphorus (P) and micronutrients, which in turn impact pulses yields and growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bio sulfur granules (BSG) on the growth of black gram and the availability of nutrients in calcareous vertisols deficient in sulfur. BSG was developed by using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) and elemental sulfur (ES) through an incubation study. Developed BSG was tested in a pot and field conditions to evaluate their effectiveness on black gram growth and yield. In the incubation study, soil treated with Methylobacterium thiocyanatum VRI7-A4 and ES (40kg S/ha) significantly decreased pH and increased available S (SO42-) in calcareous soils. After 40days of incubation, the solubility of P, Fe, and Zn was greatly increased by the addition of ES @ 40kg S/ ha in combination with M. thiocyanatum VRI7-A4 or Pandoraea thiooxydans ATSB16. Black gram in S-deficient calcareous soil was improved by the application of BSG (ES @ 40kg S/ ha with M. thiocyanatum VRI7-A7) in terms of root and shoot lengths, nodule number, plant biomass, pod yield, and biological yield as compared to control. The same treatment greatly increased plant nutrient intake as well as the concentrations of P, Fe, and Zn in the soil. The results showed that the addition of BSG granules (ES @ 40kg S/ha + M. thiocyanatum VRI7-A4) to calcareous vertisol deficient in S enhanced the nutrient solubility through S oxidation. The developed bio sulfur granules may be added to the fertilizer schedule of the pulses growers to get improved crop growth and yield of black gram in calcareous soil.

Impact of nano-DAP on growth & yield of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) in inceptisol soil

Impact of nano-DAP on growth & yield of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) in inceptisol soil

Impact of conservation tillage practices in rice-blackgram cropping system

Field experiments were conducted with two tillage practices in rice (Puddled and Non- puddled) during rainy season and three seed priming methods (Bio- seed priming with Rhizobium, hydropriming and no seed priming) and two foliar spray (2% DAP and 2% urea) during post rainy seasons in blackgram. The results indicated that the soil penetration resistance was found to be lesser in the soils of non-puddled tillage. The rice yield reduction due to NPTR was non-significant (less than 3 per cent). However, the soil penetration resistance was higher with the soils of blackgram sown as succeeding crop in the PTR. The blackgram yield obtained under NPTR was 10.6 per cent higher than PTR system. Bio seed priming with Rhizobium increased the yield by 26.0 per cent over no seed priming. The study indicated that NPTR showed a positive impact on the yield in the rice-blackgram relay cropping system. Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(3): 519-525, 2024 (September)

Effect of Novel Biostimulants on Performance of Black Gram and Soybean in Peninsular India

ABSTRACT The objective of modern agriculture includes environmental sustainability, low production costs, and higher productivity. Biostimulants are composed of humic acids, hormones, algae extracts, plant growth-promoting bacteria, amino acids, and a chain of peptides. Black gram and soybean crops are of immense economic significance. The growth and yield of these crops are limited by supply of nutrients. The potentiation of the early growth of plants by treating seeds with these substances has been one of the adopted alternatives, which often promote physiological changes that stimulate growth. The field experiment was conducted with randomized complete block design and replicated four times. Effects of different biostimulants at different concentrations as foliar spray and seed treatment were examined on growth, yield parameters, and yield of black gram (TAU-1) and soybean (JS-335) during kharif 2020 and 2021. Results showed that foliar application of Quantis biostimulant @ 5 ml L−1 recorded higher growth, yield parameters, and seed yield (897 kg ha−1), biological yield (1209 kg ha−1), production efficiency (13.00 kg day−1 ha−1) in black gram and seed treatment with Epivio Energy @ 2 ml kg−1 fetched higher seed yield (1403 kg ha−1), biological yield (2914 kg ha−1), production efficiency (16.13 kg day−1 ha−1) along with higher growth and yield parameters in soybean. It can be concluded that they will help in achieving higher growth and yield of black gram and soybean.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Yield Component Traits and Grain Yield of Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper

Due to its high nutritional content and ability to supply a diet rich in protein, pulses hold a special place in Indian agriculture. In contrast to the world's production of cereals, pulses are grown seldom in low-fertile soils under conditions of moisture stress, which eventually hides their actual yield capability due to inadequate management approaches. The current study's objective is to estimate the genetic parameters of 13 yield attributing traits in 20 genotypes of urd bean to choose more yield-contributed characters in urd bean. Number of pods per plant revealed high estimates of PCV, GCV and heritability. In the Metroglyph study, superimposition of genotypes was seen because to the near closeness of two variables used to display the genotypes. In this classification analysis made based on number of pods per plant and harvest index for all the 20 genotypes of urd bean form four complexes. Out of 20 genotypes, 4 genotypes like IC-331226, IC-261173, IC-385718, and IC-426495 were recorded highest index score and fell into different complex, hence used as parents for getting good combinations for future hybridization programmes.

Effect of integrated use of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on growth and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)

The present research study aimed to evaluate the combined influence of inorganic and organic nutrient sources on the growth and yield parameters of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). The result indicated that using a combination of 50% of the recommended dose of fertilizer and 50% vermicompost had a significant positive impact on growth attributes, yield parameters, and biochemical parameters. These findings suggests that the simultaneous application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can effectively improve soil fertility and crop yield. Notably, integrating 50% of the recommended fertilizer dose with 50% vermicompost proved to be particularly beneficial in enhancing both the growth and yield of black gram compared to other treatments, including the control group.

Residual Effect of Rice-fish Based Organic Nutrient Management Approaches on Rice Fallow Blackgram Productivity Enhancement in Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu

Background: A field experiment was conducted during the rice fallow season of 2023 and 2024 (January to March) at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute (TRRI), Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu to study the residual effect of rice-fish-based organic nutrient management practices adopted in rice on succeeding blackgram grown as rice fallow. Methods: The experiment was carried out using randomized block design (RBD) with eleven treatments viz., T1- No Green manure-Rice crop alone (RDF), T2-Green manure- Rice crop alone (PSB+KSB+ZSB), T3-T2+Nanourea, T4-Green manure- Rice crop (PSB+KSB+ZSB) + Fish, T5-T4 + Nano urea,T6- Green manure- Rice crop (PSB+KSB+ZSB) + Fish + Azolla, T7-T6 + Nano urea, T8-Green manure-Rice crop (PSB+KSB+ZSB) + Fish + Duck, T9- T8+Nano urea, T10- Green manure- Rice crop (PSB+KSB+ZSB)+ Fish + Azolla + Duck, T11- T10+Nano urea. The treatments were replicated thrice. The blackgram variety ADT 6 was used as a test crop. Result: The results revealed that among the different organic nutrient management approaches followed in the rice-fish based farming system, the residual effect of Green manure- Rice (solubilizing bacteria such as PSB, KSB and ZSB) + Fish + Azolla + Duck (T10) resulted in higher plant height, DMP, LAI and SPAD value in blackgram. Similarly, the highest root length (19.43 cm), root dry weight (1.10 g), root volume (10.68 g/cc), nodule plant-1at 20 DAS (13.82) and nodule plant-1at 40 DAS (22.97) were also obtained with the same treatment. By virtue of higher growth and yield parameters, more number of pods plant-1 (26.88) and seeds pod-1 (7.73), grain yield (789 kg ha-1) and Halum yield (2136 kg ha-1) of blackgram were obtained in the residual treatment of the residual effect of Green manure- Rice (solubilizing bacteria such as PSB, KSB and ZSB) + Fish + Azolla + Duck (T10). The available soil nutrients at 20 DAS of blackgram were higher in Green manure- Rice (solubilizing bacteria such as PSB, KSB and ZSB) + Fish + Azolla + Duck (T10). Due to higher blackgram yield, the same treatment achieved higher gross return (Rs.41561 ha-1), net return (Rs.30156 ha-1) and BCR (3.64). The study also indicated that the trench (300 m3) dug in rice fields for fish rearing provided sufficient moisture for rice fallow blackgram and thereby evaded the terminal stress.

Response of phosphorus and biofertilizers on growth and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo L.)

Response of phosphorus and biofertilizers on growth and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo L.)

Effect of neem cake and fish amino acid on the growth and yield of blackgram

Effect of neem cake and fish amino acid on the growth and yield of blackgram

Effect of plant growth regulators and fertilizers on the growth and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo L.)

A field experiment was carried out to assess the effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators and fertilizers on the growth, yield attributes and grain yield of black gram. The results revealed that the application of RDF + DAP 2% + NAA 60 ppm recorded significantly higher growth attributes viz., plant height (47.87 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (34.22), number of primary branches plant-1 (7.06) and number of secondary branches plant-1 (19.63), as well as yield and yield attributes including number of pods plant-1 (34.39), pod length (6.82 cm), number of grains pod-1 (6.61), test weight (38.67g), grain yield (1234.19 kg ha-1) and straw yield (3640 kg ha-1). The net returns and benefitcost ratio (Rs. 75667.66 and 2.17, respectively) were also recorded substantially higher with the application of RDF + DAP 2% + NAA 60 ppm over the rest of the treatments. Based on the present findings it was concluded that the application of RDF + DAP 2% + NAA 60 ppm in black gram crop is profitable.

Assessment of Correlation between Growth and Yield of Blackgram with Residual Effect of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nutrients and AM Fungi Applied to Rice in Aerobic Rice-blackgram Cropping System

Assessment of Correlation between Growth and Yield of Blackgram with Residual Effect of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nutrients and AM Fungi Applied to Rice in Aerobic Rice-blackgram Cropping System

Conception of Improved Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) Production Technology and its Propagation among Farmers for the Development of a Sustainable Seeds Production Strategy

Having a strong seed system that could spur agricultural expansion would be the first and most important step toward achieving food security in the nation of India. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of Improved Production Technology (IPT) on the production of high-quality seeds of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) cultivar VBN 6 in a farmer-participatory mode in Tamil Nadu, India’s Ponnanaiyar subbasin during kharif and rabi 2017–18. In total, 985 farmers from 235 places throughout chosen Pudukkottai and Tiruchirappalli districts received frontline IPT demonstrations and IPT was applied in their agronomic practices afterwards. Compared to traditional approaches, our study demonstrated that IPT not only facilitated the production of high-quality seeds, but also a 25.14% higher seed yield of blackgram. Furthermore, the average water productivity was improved from 0.116 kg ha−1 m−3 to 0.154 kg ha−1 m−3. This study indicated IPT was effective in guaranteeing a system of sustainable seed production and thus was of great value in raising the farmers’ net incomes, profitability, and cost-benefit ratios. There is little well-documented data on how the farmer-participatory approach improves seed production technology in a sustainable way in the case of pulses when adopting improved production technologies in arable crop farming. Our creative method of having farmers participate in the demonstrations allowed us to evaluate how these extension programs affected the technology utilized to produce high-quality seeds. This study indicated IPT was effective in guaranteeing a system of sustainable seed production and thus was of great value in raising the farmers’ net incomes, profitability, and cost–benefit ratios.

Effect of Bio Fertilizers and Micro Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

Effect of Bio Fertilizers and Micro Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

Response of Phosphorus and Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

Response of Phosphorus and Gibberellic Acid on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

Cultivars and Method of Application Influences the Effect of Silicon on Incidence and Damage of Phloem Feeders, Induction of Defense Reaction, Attraction of Natural Enemies and Yield in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

Cultivars and Method of Application Influences the Effect of Silicon on Incidence and Damage of Phloem Feeders, Induction of Defense Reaction, Attraction of Natural Enemies and Yield in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

Impact of Various Levels of Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus and Biochar on Soil Physico-chemical Properties and Yield of Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) Var: Shekhar-2

At the “Central Research Farm, Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Department, SHUATS, Prayagraj”, an experiment titled "Impact of various levels of Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus and Biochar on Soil Physico-chemical Properties and Yield of Black gram(Vigna mungo L.)Var: Shekhar-2" was carried out during the Zaid season of 2023–2024. A randomized block design was used, consisting of three variables and three levels of NPK (at 0, 50, and 100% ha-1) and biochar (at 0, 50, and 100% ha-1). An excavated soil specimen from the experimental site prior to the start of study activities showed that the soil had a sandy loam texture, a neutral to alkaline reaction, and significantly higher treatment levels.

Effect of levels of phosphorus and varieties on growth and yield of black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper

A field experiment entitled “Effect of levels of phosphorus on growth and yield of black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]” was conducted in Agronomy research farm in School of Agricultural Sciences (SAS), Nagaland University, Medziphema, during kharif season of 2022. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments which were laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The treatment consisted of four different levels of phosphorus (P) viz., 0 (P0), 20 (P1), 40 (P2) and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 (P3) and three different varieties (V) viz., SBC-40 (V1), SBC-51 (V2) and PU-31 (V3). The results revealed that among different levels of phosphorus, application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded higher growth attributes, yield attributes and nutrient uptake. In case of varieties, SBC-51 variety recorded higher growth attributes, yield attributes and nutrient uptake compared to the other varieties. In case of interaction between varieties and phosphorus, variety SBC-51 along with the application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded the maximum growth attributes and yield attributes viz., number of pods plant-1 (37.24), pod length, number of seeds pod-1 (6.93), seed yield (1014.66 kg ha-1 ), stover yield (2246.54 kg ha-1 ) over rest of the treatment. In terms of nutrient uptake, application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 in SBC-51 variety of black gram recorded highest N, P and K uptake by both seed and stover.