Yield Attributing Traits Research Articles

Use of different selection indices for improving the genetic gain in maize (Zea mays L.)

Plant breeding relies heavily on artificial selection for improving grain yield through various yield contributing traits. The selection of complex quantitative traits like maize grain yield is difficult due to less heritability and a greater influence of the environment. The present study was made using 25 maize inbred lines aimed at identifying yield-attributing traits and identifying simultaneous selection models based on discriminant functions. The expected genetic gain for grain yield when all the studied traits were included in simultaneous selection was higher (51.86) than that of selecting grain yield alone (33.96). There were four traits that made up the ideal discriminant function: grain yield, kernels per row, 100-grain weight and cob length which had 49.57 percent relative efficiency and 155.29 percent genetic advance. The relative efficiency of selection considering grain yield alone was at 106.38%, but when five (X1, X2, X3, X5, and X6) and six traits were simultaneously considered the efficiency increased to 160.37 and 162.47%. Based on the ideal discriminant function among the genotypes G17 was selected as the best inbred line with the highest selection score of 66.57 followed by G20 (65.19) and G22 (65.01). Whereas, G23 was the last with 17.05 selection score

Combining ability analysis for yield-attributing traits in cytoplasmic male sterility based hybrids of chilli (Capsicum annum)

Combining ability analysis for yield-attributing traits in cytoplasmic male sterility based hybrids of chilli (Capsicum annum)

Genetic Variability Parameters and Character Associations among Yield Attributing Traits in Advanced Backcross Lines of Groundnut

Groundnut is currently a major industrial oilseed crop with good commercial significance. It is highly variable in phenotypic characters and thus it is important to investigate the variations and associations of these morphological features. 20 advanced Groundnut lines were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design along with parental lines and two checks and they were evaluated for 13 traits. Significant variations were revealed in analysis of variance. High GCV (20.21) coupled with high heritability (91.2) and GAM (39.77) were observed is plant height suggested that environment had lesser influence on the expression of this trait, as this character is governed by an additive gene action, making them effective for selection. High heritability combined with low GCV and GAM were recorded in oil content, days to 50 percent flowering, shelling outturn and number of secondary branches per plant revealed that non-additive genetic variation played a significant role in the expression of this trait thus, selection for this character would be inefficient. Pod yield per plant showed a positive and significant association with seed yield per plant, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, pod length, pod width and number of pods per plant. Path coefficient analysis have revealed that positive direct effects towards pod yield per plant were reported for seed yield per plant, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, pod length, pod width, and number of pods per plant. Thus the characters seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of secondary branches per plant which are the most essential characters contributed significantly towards higher pod yield per plant.

Varietal performance of jute based on yield and yield contributing characters under the Terai region of Province -1 Nepal

A research experiment was conducted to know the varietal performance of some jute varieties at the farm of Jute Research Programme, Itahari, Sunsari, Nepal, during the jute growing period in 2019 and 2020. A total of fifteen tossa jute varieties viz. CO-58, JRCM-2, JRO-524, JRO-2407, SM-100, JRO-204, NJ-7010, Mahabij, JBO-2003H, JRO-7835, YA-41, Itahari-2, OM-1, JRO-632 and KEN-DS-058 were used as experimental crops. The experiment was laid out in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, and each replicate had 12 lines with an inter and Intra row spacing of 25 cm and 5 to 7cm, respectively. Varietal performances of jute showed statistically significant variation for all the traits. Among the tested varieties, the jute variety NJ-7010 showed the tallest plant height (366 cm), highest basal diameter (20.6 mm), bark thickness (1.7 mm), leaf width (4.8 cm), petiole length (4.7cm), lowest disease incidence (2.5 %) respectively. However, the variety JRCM-2 and JRO-524 showed the highest leaf length (15.1 cm), while the variety JRO-524 showed the lowest pest incidence (4.2 %). Furthermore, the jute variety NJ-7010 also showed greater results on various yield characters viz. green leaf weight (17.3 ton/ha), green plant weight (100.3 ton/ha), green fibre weight (44.7 ton/ha), green stick weight (57 ton/ha), dry fibre weight (7.2 ton/ha), dry stick weight (17.3 ton/ha). Thus, the jute variety NJ-7010 understood superiority in growth, yield, and yield-attributing traits. Therefore, the jute variety NJ-7010 could be a more successful, productive variety than other tested varieties in the terai region of Province-1 Nepal.

Comparative Analysis of Genetic Parameters for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Kharif and Rabi Maize (Zea mays L.)

The present investigation was carried out to assess the genetic variability parameters, correlation and path analysis in 30 maize genotypes for 15 quantitative traits in rabi and kharif seasons during 2019-20 at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Uttar Pradesh in Randomized Block Design replicated thrice. ANOVA for all quantitative characters revealed that treatment differences were highly significant in both the seasons under study at 1% level except for number of kernel rows per cob in Kharif season. Genotypes CML-193-1, CM-137 and CML-K5/ATM depicted highest grain yield in both the environments. The values of PCV were higher than GCV values for all the characters in both the seasons and large difference between the values of PCV and GCV of characters like grain yield per plant, cob weight, shank weight and anthesis-silking interval under both seasons, indicated that environmental factors significantly influenced the expression of these traits. All the traits studied had higher heritability, genetic advance at 5% selection intensity and genetic advance as percent of mean in rabi season than in kharif season, high expected genetic advance coupled with high heritability was observed for grain yield per plant, cob weight, plant height and ear height indicating the presence of large proportion of additive genetic action deciding these traits. Correlation and path coefficient studies suggest that selection based on characters cob girth, number of kernel rows per cob, cob weight and 100 kernel weight had positive correlation and direct effects with grain yield per plant. Therefore, it is concluded that effective selection must be attempted for these traits which would help in improvement of grain yield in maize genotypes suitable for different environments.

Effect of Panchagavya and Leaf Extracts of Moringa, Neem and Seaweed on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L)

The present investigation was carried out at Field Experimentation Centre, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) for “Effect of Panchagavya and Leaf Extracts of Moringa, Neem and Seaweed on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L) Variety-All Green”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with thirteen treatments including control which were replicated thrice on spinach seed variety ‘All-Green’ were used to study under field conditions .The treatments were as follows, T0- Control, T1,T2,T3 – Panchagavya @ (3,5,7%) for 8Hrs, T4,T5,T6 – Neem leaf extract @ (3,5,7%) for 8hrs, T7,T8,T9 – Moringa leaf extract @(3,5,7%) for 8hrs, T10,T11,T12 – Seaweed liquid extract@ (2,4,6%) for 8hrs respectively. ANOVA given the significance difference among all treatments compared to control for all parameters under study. It is concluded from the present study that the seeds of Spinach variety – All Green treated with T10-Seaweed Liquid Extract@ 2% for 8hrs was recorded the highest Number of leaves(19), length of leaf (cm)(12.8), No. of seeds per plant(gm) (4.08), Number of seeds per plot (gm)(69.46), Biological yield per plant (g)(79.73), Harvest index(69.67) followed by T3 Panchagavya @ 7% for 8hrs producing number of leaves(18), length of leaf(cm)(11.2),No. of seeds per plant (gm) (3.71), Number of seeds per plot (gm)(63.05), Biological yield per plant (g)(73.56), Harvest index(65.10) which were highly significant at 5% level of significance.

Genetic Variability Studies for Yield and Its Attributing Traits in Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass)

The experiment was conducted during Kharif 2020 and 2021 at Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. A total of 103 accessions including 03 checks were assessed and observations were recorded for ten traits viz., days to flower initiation, days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of capitula per plant, number of seeds per capitula, 1000 seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). REML analysis discovered significant differences among the 103 accessions for all the traits. It indicates a satisfactory amount of genetic variability among the accessions for yield and yield-attributing traits. Values of phenotypic coefficients of variation were higher than the value of genotypic coefficients of variation in this study. High heritability was noted for all the traits under the experiment. Genetic advance as a percentage of mean recorded high for seed yield per plant followed by number of capitula per plant, number of seeds per capitula, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, 1000-seed weight whereas, trait days to 50% flowering, days to flower initiation and days to maturity exhibited low magnitude. These results indicate the dominance of the additive gene effect, which will aid in selection in an early segregating generation.

Association mapping for important agronomic traits in wild and cultivated Vigna species using cross-species and cross-genera simple sequence repeat markers.

The genus Vigna is an agronomically important taxon, with many of its species inhabiting a wide range of environments and offering numerous useful genes for the improvement of the cultivated types. The present study aimed to detect the genomic regions associated with yield-attributing traits by genome-wide association mapping. A diverse panel of 98 wild and cultivated Vigna accessions (acc.) belonging to 13 different species was evaluated for yield and related traits during the kharif season of 2017 and 2018. The panel was also genotyped using 92 cross-genera and cross-species simple sequence repeat markers to study the population genetic structure and useful market-trait associations. The PCA and trait correlation established relationships amongst the traits during both seasons while 100-seed weight (HSW) had a positive correlation with pod length (PL), and days to first flowering (DFF) with days to maturity (DM). The population genetic structure analysis grouped different acc. into three genetically distinct sub-populations with SP-1 comprising 34 acc., SP-2 (24 acc.), and SP-3 (33 acc.) and one admixture group (7 acc.). Mixed linear model analysis revealed an association of 13 markers, namely, VR018, VR039, VR022, CEDG033, GMES0337, MBSSR008, CEDG220, VM27, CP1225, CP08695, CEDG100, CEDG008, and CEDG096A with nine traits. Seven of the aforementioned markers, namely, VR018 for plant height (PH) and terminal leaflet length (TLL), VR022 for HSW and pod length (PL), CEDG033 for DFF and DM, MBSSR008 for DFF and DM, CP1225 for CC at 30 days (CC30), DFF and DM, CEDG100 for PH and terminal leaflet length (TLL), and CEDG096A for CC30 and chlorophyll content at 45 days were associated with multiple traits. The marker CEDG100, associated with HSW, PH, and TLL, is co-localized in gene-encoding histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATX5. Similarly, VR22, associated with PL and HSW, is co-located in gene-encoding SHOOT GRAVITROPISM 5 in mungbean. These associations may be highly useful for marker-assisted genetic improvement of mungbean and other related Vigna species.

Standardization of Different Pre-sowing Seed Treatments with Jeevamrutha, Panchagavya, Neem Oil and Vermiwash on Plant Growth Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Var. SSC-06

The field experiment was carried out at Field Experimentation Center, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP.) during Kharif-2021. This experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 13 treatments and replicated thrice to determine the effect of Jeevamrutha, Panchgavya, Neem oil and Vermiwash on growth, yield and yield attributing traits. The seeds of Cowpea variety Var. SSC-06 was treated as T0-control, T1, T2, T3, (Jeevamrutha @ 1%, 3%, 5%), T4, T5, T6, (Panchagavya @ 1%, 3%, 5%), T7, T8, T9, (Neem oil @ 1%, 3%, 5%), T10, T11, T12, (Vermiwash @ 1%, 3%, 5%) respectively for 12 hours. It was found that ANOVA showed significance difference among all the treatments with the control for all the characters under study. Among all the treatments of present study, T5 (Panchagavya @ 3% for 12 hours) was found more effective for Rate of field emergence (24.89), Plant height at 30 DAS (38.66), Plant height at 60 DAS (55.81), Plant height at 90 DAS (94.96), Days to 50% flowering (40.66), Days to maturity (58.66), Number of branches per plant (7.93), Number of pods per plant (19.4), Pod length (42.97 cm), Number of seeds per pod (13.73), Seed yield per plant (39.78), Seed yield per plot (835.56), Biological Yield (1775), Seed index (14.3) and Harvest index (47.03). Thus, treatment T5 (Panchagavya @ 3% for 12 hours) was found to be suitable pre-sowing seed treatment for growth, yield and yielding attributes of cowpea seeds.

Pre-sowing Seed Treatments with Selected Organics on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Chickpea Var Desi Himmat

The present study entitled, “Pre-Sowing Seed Treatments With Suitable Organics on Growth, Yield, Yield attributing Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) var Desi Himmat” was carried out with Panchagavya, Neem Leaf Extract, Vermiwash, Tulsi Leaf Extracts of varying concentrates at the duration of 12 hrs. To assess these treatments' effects on Chickpea and find the optimal pre-sowing treatment. The results depicted that seed treatment showed significant variation for all the recorded characters and performed well compared to the untreated control. Seed treatment with T2-Panchagavya at 10% for 12 hrs. recorded field emergence of 92.33% and plant height at maturity 71.33 cms, days to 50% flowering is 63.67 days, and days to 50% pod setting 71.67 days, days to maturity is 106.33 days, 32.99 pods per plant, 1.91 seeds per pod, 14.33 gm seed yield per plant, 23.66 gm of 100 seed weight, 35.80 gm of biological yield per plant and 39.11% of harvest index. At par treatment, T4-Vermiwash at 8% for 12 hrs. performed well with 13.66 gm seed yield per plant, and the 36.52% harvest index was promising. Thus, treating T2-Panchagavya at 10% for 12 hrs. was so productive and can be suggested for cultivation on a commercial scale.

Pre-sowing Seed Treatments with Panchagavya, Jeevamrutha and Beejamrutha on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Variety-RVG202

The field experiment entitled Pre-sowing seed treatments of Panchagavya, jeevamrutha and beejamrutha on growth, yield and yield attributing traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) variety- RVG 202 was conducted during Rabi 2021 at field experimental center, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, Prayagraj, (U.P). The trail was laid out in Randomized Block Design with Twelve treatments and control which were replicated thrice. The treatments are as follows, TO- Control, (T1, T2, T3, T4, - Panchagavya – 3%, 5%, 7% and 9%), (T5, T6, T7 and T8 – Jeevamrutha - 3%, 5%, 7% and 9%), (T9, T10, T11, T12 – Beejamrutha - 3%, 5%, 7% and 9%) respectively. The experiment results revealed that seeds treated with T8 – Jeevamrutham – 9% gave better than other treatments viz, Field emergence, days for 50% flowering and has matured earlier, Days to 50% pod setting, Plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plot, Harvest index, Seed index, were significantly higher compared to the other treatments.

Pre- Sowing Seed Treatment with Panchagavya, Beejamruth and Leaf Extract of Moringa and Neem on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) cv-Bali265

The present experiment entitled Pre-Sowing Seed Treatment with Panchagavya,Beejamruth and Leaf Extract of Moringa and Neem on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Characters of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) cv-Bali265. with the aim to identify better pre-sowing treatment for cowpea. During Kharif, 2021, present trail was carried out at the field experimentation center of the Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad. It has 13 priming treatments including Control on Cowpea seeds variety were used to study under field conditions. Field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications respectively. T0- Control, T1 Moringa Leaves Extract 2% (8 hrs), T2 Moringa Leaves Extract 4% (8 hrs), T3 Moringa Leaves Extract 6% (8 hrs), T4 Neem Leaves Extract 2% (8 hrs), T5 Neem Leaves Extract 4% (8 hrs), T6 Neem Leaves Extract 6% (8 hrs), T7 Panchagavya 2% (8 hrs), T8 Panchagavya 4% (8 hrs), T9 Panchagavya 6% (8 hrs), T10 Beejamruth 2% (8 hrs), T11 Beejamruth 4% (8 hrs), T12 Beejamruth (8 hrs). To find out Influence of different seed treatment on growth, yield and seed quality parameters of cowpea showed that significant treatment on rate of field emergence, days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of primary branches, days to maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, biological yield, harvest index. Pre-sowing treatment which is concluded from the present study that the seeds of Cowpea (Variety – Bali 265) were treated with T9 Panchagavya 6% (8 hrs) enhanced the above-mentioned characters.

Pre-sowing Seed Treatment with Botanicals and Organics on Plant Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cv.VROH-12 Kashi Shristi

The present situation emphasizes the need to enhance eco-friendly agriculture practices for intensive farming. Chemical farming has made an unfavourable impact of the health care of not only soil but also the favourable soil microbial clique and the plants cultivated in these soil. This eventually has led the way to a high demand of botanical and organic produce by the present day health conscious society and repeated attempts are being made by farmers all over the world to make chemical free environment. Botanical and organics play vital role in increasing soil fertility and increase yield. The experimental study was conducted at crop research field during Kharif 2021-2022, in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences. To find out the suitable pre-sowing seed treatment of okra with different concentration, definite period of pre-sowing seed treatments with control (without treated) were calculated by the experimental study. The field experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design with 13 treatments including control were used to study under field conditions. the results indicates that field emergence percentage (%), plant height at (30, 60 and at harvest ) (cm), days of 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, length of capsule (cm), seed yield per plant (g), seed yield per plot (g),seed index (%), biological yield (g), harvest index (%) were significantly recorded highest in vermiwash @5% (12hours) followed by vermiwash (3%), beejamrutham (3%), panchagavya (3%) and neem leaf extract (5%) is used for improving growth, yield and yield attributing traits of okra.

Mean Performance of F3 Genotypes for Yield and Yield Attributing Characters in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

In the current experiment, 256 test treatments and four control treatments (checks) were assessed in an augmented block design for studying yield and yield-attributing traits. F3 population of chilli was assessed for yield and yield components during kharif in the year 2018-19. The analysis of variance showed a significant mean sum of squares for all characters for different sources of variation. The number of genotypes that exceeded the best check was 47 (plant height), 45 (number of primary branches), 42 (days to 50% flowering), 37 (number of fruits per plant), 34 (fruit length), 36 (fruit width), 39 (fruit weight), 33 (fruit shape index), 48 (pedicel length), 33 (yield per plant), 37 (dry yield per plant) and 32 (dry recovery %). Plant number 91 was the best genotype among the test treatments for all traits except fruit width and pedicel length. Among the checks, B-HP-143 was observed to be best for plant height, days to 50% flowering, number of fruits per plant, yield per plant, dry yield per plant, dry recovery %, whereas B-HP-144was found to be superior over all the checks for the rest of the traits.

Influence of Electric, Magnetic and Bio Film on the Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

The present study was carried out for Influence on electric, magnetic and Bio - film in the growth, yield, and yield attributing traits of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was made to identify the effect of seed priming of different kinds on seed quality characters of radish and to find out suitable seed priming method for radish. For this purpose, 13 priming treatments were taken in Randomized Block Design including control on radish seed was studied under field conditions during Rabi, 2020-21. Analysis of variance for the data revealed that significance mean sum of squares due to seed priming treatments were observed for all the characters under study viz., Field emergence percentage, Plant height (20, 40 DAS and at harvest), Days to maturity, total number of leaves, dry weight of leaves, fresh weight of leaves, seed yield per plot, seed yield per plant and seed yield per hectare which were highly significant at 5% level of significance indicating presence of good amount of variability among the treatments for these characters. Seed priming with T3 – Magnetic (600 gauss) significantly affected characters studied in field experiment. Thus, application of T3 – Magnetic (600 gauss) may be useful for improving growth, yield, and yield attributing traits of radish. The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design (RBD).

Comparative Study of Biofertilizer and Plant Extracts on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Field Pea (Pisum sativum)

The field experiment was conducted to comparative analyze the effect of biofertilizer and plant extracts on growth, yield and yield attributing traits of field pea (Pisum Sativum L.)” was conducted during Rabi 2021 at field experimental centre, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, Prayagraj, (U.P). The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.36%), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (15.2 kg/ha) and available K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thirteen treatments including control which were replicated thrice. The treatments are as follows, TO- Control, T1, T2, T3, - Rhizobium at the rate of 5%, 8%, 10%, T4, T5, T6 – Vermi wash at the rate of 5%, 8%, 10%, T7, T8, T9 – Neem leaf extract at the rate of 5%, 10%, 15% and T10, T11, T12 – Tulsi leaf extract at the rate of 5%, 10%, 15% respectively. The experiment results revealed that seeds treated with rhizobium at the rate of 8% gave better than other treatments viz, field emergence (87.47%), plant height (95.71 cm), days to 50% flowering (40.60), number of branches per plant (8.87), number of pods per plant (13.53), number of seeds per pod (8.47), seed yield per plant (24.88 g), seed yield per plot (746.50 g), biological yield (33.73 kg/ha), harvest index (73.48%) were recorded significantly higher compared to other treatments.

Impact of Different Seed Priming Methods with Bio Fertilizers and Botanicals on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2021-2022 at Field Experimentation Center of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, Prayagraj, U.P. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design, with a view to find out the suitable Seed priming methods with bio fertilizers and botanicals on growth, yield and yield attributing traits of Sweet corn (Zea mays L.). For this purpose, 13 priming methods including control were used to study under field conditions. The results indicated that Field emergence percentage at 4,7, and 10 DAS, Plant height at 30, 45, 60 and at harvest DAS, Days to 50% Tasselling, Days to 50% Silking, Days to Maturity, Cob length (cm), Cob girth (cm), Number of cobs per plant, Number of rows per cob, Number of grains per row, Seed index (g), Seed yield per plant (g), Seed yield per plot (t/ha), Stover yield (t/h), Biological yield (t/ha) and harvest index (%), were significantly recorded highest in Azospirillum @ 30g (12 hours) followed by Azospirillum @ 20g (12 hours) when compared to other treatments. It is suggested that seed priming with Azospirillum @ 30g (12 hours) is used for improving growth, yield and yield attributing traits of sweet corn could be recommended.

Influence of Pre-sowing Seed Treatment with Bio – fertilizers on Plant Growth and Yield Attribute Traits of Mustard (Brassica nigra L.)

A set of thirteen treatments including control of seed treatments of mustard (Brassica nigraL.) with various biofertilizers were used to evaluate the effect of different pre sowing seed treatments of bio-fertilizers on growth,yield and yield attributing traits of mustard. The treatments were evaluated in a Randomized Block Design with three replications during the rabi season, 2021-22. The present investigation was carried out at the Field Experimentation Centre of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Naini, Prayagraj, U.P. during rabi 2021. at Naini Agriculture Institute,Naini. The data were recorded from five randomly selected plants for each treatments in all the replications for twelve characters. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the seed treatments for all characters indicating that the seed treatment with biofertilizers has adequate variability to support the improvement the seed yield of mustard. It is concluded that all the characters under study were significantly affected by the influence of the application of biofertilizers. Among all the biofertilizers used under the study, seed treatment with the application of vermiwash at 12% for a duration of 6 hours and observed rapid increase in field emergence, plant height, seeds per siliqua and yield characteristics.

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Blackgram (Vigna mungo. (L) Hepper)

The present research work was conducted at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Madhira during Rabi 2022 to assess the correlation and path coefficient analysis among yield contributing traits in 35 blackgram genotypes. Correlation analysis has revealed that Plant height, number of seeds pod-1, 100 seed weight, harvest index and biological yield was positively correlated with seed yield per plant. The path coefficient analysis recorded that, days to 50 percent flowering, plant height, number of clusters per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, biological yield and harvest index had direct positive effect on yield. Blackgram seed yield can be significantly improved with the selection of plants with more number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, biological yield and harvest index in the segregating generations as these traits were positively associated with the seed yield per plant.

Pre-Sowing Seed Treatment of Selected Botanical Extracts and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Mustard (Brassica juncea.L)

The present investigation was carried out for “Pre-sowing seed treatments of selected botanicals extract and biofertilizers on growth, yield and yield attributing traits of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)”. For this pur- pose, 13 priming treatments including control on Mustard seeds variety were used to study under filed condi- tions during rabi, 2021-22. Field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications respectively during Rabi 2021-22. Analysis for the data in field experiment revealed significance mean sum of squares due to seed priming treatments for all the characters under study. In order to standardize method of seed priming specific to mustard crop and they were evaluated by screeming a range of duration and concentration Viz T0- Control, T1 Neem Leaf Extract 5% (6Hrs), T2 Neem Leaf Extract 10%(6Hrs), T3 Moringa Leaf Extract 5% (6Hrs), T4 Moringa Leaf Extract(10%Hrs), T5 Trichoderma viridae 0.1%(6Hrs), T6 Trichoderma viridae 0.3%(6Hrs), T7 Azosprillum 0.1%(6Hrs), T8 Azosprillum 0.3%(6Hrs), T9 Neem Leaf Extract + Moringa Leaf Extract(5% +3%) 6hrs, T10 Trichoderma viridae + Azosprillum (0.1%+0.1%), T10 Trichoderma viridae + Azosprillum (0.1%+0.1%), T11 Neem Leaf Extract + Trichoderma viridae (3% +0.1%), T12 Moringa Leaf Extract + Azosprillum(3% +0.1%)To find out Influence of different seed treatment on growth, yield and seed quality parameters of mustard showed that significant treatment Field emergence (%), Plant height (30,60,90 DAS), Days to 50% flowering, Number of branches per plant, Number of silique per plant, Number of seeds per silique, Seed yield per plant (g),Seed yield per plot (g),Biological yield (g),Harvest index. The study helps to improve the quality to improve of seed with help of seed different Leaf extracts and Biofertilizers priming treatment which are cost effective and economic, non- toxic, ecofriendly sources. Pre- sowing treatment with It is concluded from the present study that the seeds of Mustard (Variety - sonalika) were treated with T9 Neem Leaf Extract + Moringa Leaf Extract(5% +3%) 6hrs enhanced the Field emergence percentage, Plant height (cm), Number of branches per plant, Number of silique per plant, Number of seeds per silique, Seed yield per plant, Seed yield per plot, Biological yield, Harvest index followed by T12 Moringa Leaf Extract + Azosprillum(3% +0.1%) and T4 Moringa Leaf Extract(10%Hrs) as compared to control ( untreated ) seeds.