Yield Attributing Traits Research Articles

Rootstock scion interaction studies on various horticultural attributes of pomato grafts under protected structures

Pomato is a horticultural wonder plant, as tomato and potato can be produced from a single plant. This experiment explored the influence of diverse graft combinations of tomato scions grafted onto potato rootstocks on various growth and yield-attributing traits. The investigation outcomes confirmed the significantly positive influence of scion grafted onto rootstock on various yielding attributes of tomato and potato harvested from pomato grafts. Scion “Rakshita” grafted onto the rootstock of Kufri Himalini had the maximum fruit length. In contrast, the fruits harvested from the graft combination of Avtar grafted onto Kufri Khyati had the maximum number of fruits per cluster and the number of fruits per plant. The highest average fruit weight, fruit yield per meter square, and total fruit yield quintal per hectare were recorded with control “Avtar. The longest harvest duration was noticed with the graft combination of Heemsohna grafted onto Kufri Himalini. Moreover, on, rootstock Kufri Himalini with scion Rakshita resulted in maximum tuber length, and average tuber weight, while Kufri Himalini with Avtar had maximum fruit width. The maximum number of tubers per plant was also noticed with Kufri Pukhraj with Palam Tomato hybrid −1. The potato harvested from the rootstock of Kufri Pukhraj with Avtar had the highest tuber yield per plant, total tuber yield quintal per hectare, and tuber equivalent yield. The highest survival percentage of grafted plants was noted in Heemsohna onto Kufri Jyoti. In context to the cumulative yield of tomato fruits and potato tubers obtained from the pomato graft was found to be incremented in grafts of Avtar grafted onto Kufri Pukhraj followed by Rakshita grafted onto Kufri Rakshita, which also resulted in the maximum benefit-cost ratio with highest net return and gross return. The graft combination of scion Avtar and Rakshita onto Rootstock Kufri Pukhraj resulted in a positive increment in yield attributing traits of the pomato plant than of control of un-grafted tomato and potato.

Genetic characterization and diversity analysis of indigenous aromatic rice

Gangetic old alluvial zone in India has conserved many locally adapted aromatic rice landraces. In order to determine the extent of genetic divergence of ten morphological characters, the study was conducted to examine forty-eight aromatic rice genotypes for six Kharif seasons (2016–2021) at the Instructional Farm of Regional Research Station (Old Alluvial Zone), Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Majhian, West Bengal, India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. A considerable degree of variation was noted for all the traits being investigated. It was found that the total number of tillers per plant, panicle numbers per plant, number of grains per panicle, fertility percentage, test weight, and grain length/breadth ratio had significantly positive correlated with seed yield per plant. Based on D2 analysis values, all the genotypes were grouped into six clusters. Cluster III (Tulaipanji, Patnai, Basmati 1121, Jugal, and Bahurupi) and Cluster VI (Kanakchur), containing genotypes were found most divergent with maximum inter-cluster distance (6941.51). According to the cluster means, Cluster II had the largest intra-cluster distance (1937.52), and important attributes including test weight, number of grains per panicle, seed yield per plant, and fertility percentage made remarkably significant contributions to this cluster. In terms of principal component analysis, maximum variability was found in PC1 (23.88 %), with high positive loading values for tillers per plant (0.459), panicle number per plant (0.441), seed yield per plant (0.408), fertility percentage (0.364), test weight (0.264), and grain length/breadth (L/B) ratio (0.263). On the basis of biplot analysis, four genotypes, namely Shakbhati, Sugandhi, Bahurupi and Kanakchur, were identified as the most divergent types for the yield-attributing traits of aromatic rice. The diverse genotypes could be used as potential donors in future breeding programmes.

Identification of potential morpho-biochemical determinants conferring salt tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through seedling- and -reproductive stage phenotyping

To optimize a reproductive-stage-specific phenotyping protocol and isolate potential determinants conferring salinity tolerance in wheat, two consecutive experiments were conducted using salt-tolerant varieties (Binagom-1 and BARI Gom 25) and a sensitive variety (BARI Gom 20). In the first experiment, seedlings were grown hydroponically, and 14-day-old seedlings were subjected to two different levels of salt stress (EC=12 dS/m and 16 dS/m) for 7 days. Based on the results of tolerant and susceptible varieties, parameters such as root and shoot weight, shoot Na+/K+ ratio, chlorophyll content, proline content, methylglyoxal content, H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation content and the activities of enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and glyoxalase I were considered as potential determinants of salt tolerance. The second experiment employed four leaf cutting treatments under both control and salinity stress conditions. Seedlings were grown in perforated pots filled with field soil, and at the heading stage, plants were subjected to salt stress (12 dS/m) after trimming as indicated. The combined analysis of control and salt stress data obtained from setup B reflected a significant decrease in yield and yield-attributing traits; however, a lesser decrease was observed in tolerant varieties. Correlation studies revealed that grain yield per spike exhibited a significant positive correlation with the number of seeds per spike, spike weight, plant height, and days to first flowering under both stress and control conditions. Additionally, different stress tolerance indices also supported the results of reproductive stage phenotyping. However, further studies will be required to tag the genes/QTLs controlling salinity tolerance in wheat at various growth phases.

Genetic Variability Estimation in Forty Pigeonpea Germplasm for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits

Aim: The present research aimed to estimate the genetic variability in forty pigeonpea germplasms for yield and yield-attributing traits such as initial plant stand, final plant stand, days to 50% flowering, primary branches, secondary branches, plant height, days to maturity, wilt incidence%, pod borer infestation %, 100 seed weight, number of pods per plant, yield (g/plot), yield (kg/ha).
 Study Design: study was conducted in randomised block desigh (RBD) design with two replications and spacing of 60 cm X 30 cm.
 Place and Duration of Study: The present investigation was carried out during kharif 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 at the research farm of Birsa Agricultural University farm located at Kanke, Ranchi.
 Methodology: Forty pigeonpea genotypes were studied to determine genetic variability. Pooled data over two years were subjected to statistical analysis for estimation of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), heritability in broad sense (h2), and genetic advance as a percent of mean for fourteen quantitative traits such as initial plant stand, final plant stand, days to 50% flowering, primary branches, secondary branches, plant height, days to maturity, wilt incidence%, pod borer infestation%, 100 seed weight.
 Results: The PCV varied from 2.45% (days to maturity) to 30.83% [yield (kg/ha), whereas the GCV ranged from 1.12% (days to maturity) to 17.67% [yield (g/plot)]. Days to 50% flowering (6.39%, 4.48%), days to maturity (2.45%, 1.12%), and 100 seed weight (8.53%, 5.65%) all had low GCV and PCV value. The broad sense of heritability (h2) varied between plant height (16.9%) to days to 50% blooming (49.20%). Plant height (16.90%, 4.95%), number of pods per plant (21.10%, 9.95%), and days to maturity (20.90%, 1.05%) showed low heritability and genetic advance as a percentage of the mean, indicating ineffective selection.
 Conclusion: Genotypes showed high magnitude of variability for all the traits under study.

Genetic Variability and Character Association among the Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Niger [Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass.

Niger is a minor oil seed crop mostly cultivated in high altitude and tribal zones of India with relatively lower productivity. Development of varieties with higher yielding ability needs keen observations and scientific studies on the genetic variability and character association studies among the available germplasm or in the breeding material. The present investigation was carried out with a main objective to estimate the extent of genetic variability and character association with respect to yield and yield component traits. Thirty five genotypes of niger were collected from different niger stations and sown in rabi, 2022 in a randomized block design at Regional Agricultural Research Station, High Altitude and Tribal Zone, Chintapalle, ANGRAU. Observations were recorded on five plants in each line in each replication for plant height (cm), number of branches plant-1, number of capitula plant-1, test weight (g) and seed yield plant-1 (g). Days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity and seed yield ha-1 (kg/ha) were recorded on plot basis. Analysis of heritability(bs) and genetic advance as percent of mean revealed that four characters viz., plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of capitula plant-1 and seed yield plant-1 are governed by additive gene action, which can be improved further by simple selection methods. Majority of the characters under study are having a significant positive association with seed yield ha-1which helps in indirect selection for higher yield by using these character combinations. All the characters showed significant and positive association with seed yield plant-1which helps in indirect selection of genotypes for improved yielding ability.

Spectrum of Genetics Variations, Association, Path Coefficient Analysis in Green Gram (Vigna radiata L. wilzeck)

The high protein content and ability of Vigna radiata L. Wilczek, sometimes known as the mung bean, to fix nitrogen in the soil make it a highly significant pulse crop. The most challenging feature, seed yield is greatly influenced by the environment and other factors. This interpretation states that the study's goal was to evaluate the relationships between 22 distinct genotypes of mung beans in terms of yield and yield-attributing traits. Research on variations in genetics identified that there was a fair level of diversity among the 22 genotypes. Secondary branches had the highest PCV and GCV, followed by grain yield. The characters, 50% flowering, days to reproductive phase, days to maturity, plant height (cm), pods per plant, length of the pod, seeds per pod, primary branches, secondary branches, clusters per plant, grain yield (g), 100 seed weight (g) had shown high heritability combined with genetic advance as percent mean. Pod length, cluster per plant, primary branches, seeds per pod, and 100 seed weight pod length were shown as a highly significant and positive correlation. cluster per plant, plant height, seeds per pod, and reproductive phase explained the highest positive direct effect on seed yield, as shown by the analysis of path coefficients. Therefore, to increase the seed yield of green gram, these traits 50% flowering, days to reproductive phase, days to maturity, plant height (cm), pods per plant, length of the pod, seeds per pod, primary branches, secondary branches, clusters per plant, grain yield (g), 100 seed weight (g) must be focused on in developing a breeding strategy.

Estimate the Genetic Diversity with PCA in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The present investigation was carried out on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop during rabi season with the aims of analysis of genetic diversity with the help of principle component analysis. The experimental sample size included 80 genotypes, in an augmented block design with three replications. Observation was based upon twenty-six quantitative characteristics. For all characteristics Cluster I had highest number of genotypes (28) followed by cluster II (5), cluster IV, cluster V and cluster VI had presented (4), cluster VII and VIII (3), cluster III, cluster IX, cluster X, cluster XI and cluster XII (2) whereas cluster had presented one entry in each group. The minimum intra cluster distance (0.00) was found for XIII to XXXI and maximum was found for cluster XII (2.10). The maximum inter-cluster distance was found between cluster XX to XXVII (11.08). The minimum inter- cluster D2 value found in case of cluster IV to XVI and XXX to XXXI (2.12). Cluster XVIII showed earliest mean value for day to 50 per cent flowering (75.24 day) and most important character maximum mean value for yield per plot (536.13). Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the five principal components (PC1 to PC5) showed 50.37 per cent of the total variability. The five different groups positive maximum variable loaded component PC I for grain yield per plant (23.2542), PC II flag leave area (19.4005), PC III for peduncle length (23.9893), PC IV grain length /width ratio (21.0627), PC V for physiological maturity (16.7492). As a result of the foregoing data, it is possible to conclude that there is great potential for effective crop modification for improved yield and yield-attributing traits in present wheat germplasm.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines in Association with Phenotypic and Grain Qualitative Traits Using SSR Genotyping

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal and is affected by climate change. Therefore, the production of climate-smart maize is urgently needed by preserving diverse genetic backgrounds through the exploration of their genetic diversity. To achieve this, 96 maize inbred lines were used to screen for phenotypic yield-associated traits and grain quality parameters. These traits were studied across two different environments (Anand and Godhra) and polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were employed to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure, and trait-linked association. Genotype–environment interaction (GEI) reveals that most of the phenotypic traits were governed by the genotype itself across the environments, except for plant and ear height, which largely interact with the environment. The genotypic correlation was found to be positive and significant among protein, lysine and tryptophan content. Similarly, yield-attributing traits like ear girth, kernel rows ear−1, kernels row−1 and number of kernels ear−1 were strongly correlated to each other. Pair-wise genetic distance ranged from 0.0983 (1820194/T1 and 1820192/4-20) to 0.7377 (IGI-1101 and 1820168/T1). The SSRs can discriminate the maize population into three distinct groups and shortlisted two genotypes (IGI-1101 and 1820168/T1) as highly diverse lines. Out of the studied 136 SSRs, 61 were polymorphic to amplify a total of 131 alleles (2–3 per loci) with 0.46 average gene diversity. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) ranged from 0.24 (umc1578) to 0.58 (umc2252). Similarly, population structure analysis revealed three distinct groups with 19.79% admixture among the genotypes. Genome-wide scanning through a mixed linear model identifies the stable association of the markers umc2038, umc2050 and umc2296 with protein, umc2296 and umc2252 with tryptophan, and umc1535 and umc1303 with total soluble sugar. The obtained maize lines and SSRs can be utilized in future maize breeding programs in relation to other trait characterizations, developments, and subsequent molecular breeding performances for trait introgression into elite genotypes.

Population structure and genetic diversity analysis in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) germplasm using SSR markers

In the present study, population structure and genetic diversity were studied among 100 faba bean germplasm lines along with three checks using 29 SSR (microsatellite) markers and morphological traits. ET218734, ET226572, and ET218734 genotypes exhibited maximum seed yield and high mean performance for various yield-attributing traits. The D2 statistics analysis grouped genotypes into five clusters. SSR marker analysis revealed, on average, 2 alleles per locus ranging from 2 to 3 among the studied genotypes. Polymorphic information content (PIC) for these markers ranged from 0.063 to 0.492 with an average of 0.37. Population structure analysis classified the studied genotypes into three major clusters. The Molecular Diversity Distance was found to be greatest among Cluster III and Cluster I (0.289), while the lowest was among Cluster II and Cluster I (0.148). The allele frequency divergence (expected heterozygosity) was found highest on Cluster II (0.164), and the lowest was on Cluster III (0.096).

Analysis of Yield Stability in Diverse Rice Genotypes

Aims/ objectives: This study aims to improve stable and sustainable rice varieties adaptable to changing climatic conditions. It involves assessing genetic variability and Genotype X Environment interaction (G x E) among 186 diverse rice genotypes. The goal is to select genotypes with high breeding value, contributing to the development of rice varieties well-suited to varying climatic conditions. Study Design: The study employed an augmented design in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Swarna, Madhuraj-55, Safri-17, Improved Samba Mahsuri, Thavalkannan, and IR64 checks were replicated across environments. Place and Duration of Study: The study took place in College of Agriculture, Raipur, IGKV over two years (wet season-2020 and 2021). Methodology: Analysis of genetic variability and G X E interaction among 186 rice genotypes. Execution of the experiment in an augmented design with a randomized complete block design. Replication of standard rice checks across different environments. Assessment of yield-attributing traits such as plant height, number of effective tillers, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, biological yield per plot, and grain yield. Evaluation of stability was done using univariate (Shukla stability variance, Wricke’s ecovalence, Kang stability statistic) and multivariate (AMMI yield stability index and GGE biplot) stability parameters. Selection of stable genotypes with high yield based on stability analyses. Results: Significant phenotypic variation was observed in yield-attributing traits across seasons. Genetic variability and G x E interaction effect demonstrated by variable genotype performance across environments. Univariate and multivariate stability parameters (S2i, W2i, KSi, AMMI stability value, GGE biplot) were used for stability analyses. Identification of stable genotypes with high yield across environments, including IR13f167, ARC13156, IR93354, F50, Ngalongyi, Giza 178, Arc 10159, Sadajira 19-317, Arith, IR 57920-Ac 25-2-B, Pesagro 102, Mekenzie small, Nasaenge, Kula Karuppan, Vary Gony, MR 69, Kanu Dam, IRRI 123, Sativa IRGC17083-1, Kalia, and Swarna. Conclusion: The study concludes that stability in genotype performance across diverse environments is crucial for the development of sustainable rice varieties. Genotypes with high stability and yield, as identified through stability analyses, hold potential breeding value for developing rice varieties adaptive to climate change. The stable genotypes listed, including IR13f167, ARC13156, IR93354, and others, are recommended for further breeding and development efforts to enhance rice productivity and adaptability.

Genome-Wide Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Yield-Attributing Traits of Peanut.

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are important high-protein and oil-containing legume crops adapted to arid to semi-arid regions. The yield and quality of peanuts are complex quantitative traits that show high environmental influence. In this study, a recombinant inbred line population (RIL) (Valencia-C × JUG-03) was developed and phenotyped for nine traits under two environments. A genetic map was constructed using 1323 SNP markers spanning a map distance of 2003.13 cM. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using this genetic map and phenotyping data identified seventeen QTLs for nine traits. Intriguingly, a total of four QTLs, two each for 100-seed weight (HSW) and shelling percentage (SP), showed major and consistent effects, explaining 10.98% to 14.65% phenotypic variation. The major QTLs for HSW and SP harbored genes associated with seed and pod development such as the seed maturation protein-encoding gene, serine-threonine phosphatase gene, TIR-NBS-LRR gene, protein kinase superfamily gene, bHLH transcription factor-encoding gene, isopentyl transferase gene, ethylene-responsive transcription factor-encoding gene and cytochrome P450 superfamily gene. Additionally, the identification of 76 major epistatic QTLs, with PVE ranging from 11.63% to 72.61%, highlighted their significant role in determining the yield- and quality-related traits. The significant G × E interaction revealed the existence of the major role of the environment in determining the phenotype of yield-attributing traits. Notably, the seed maturation protein-coding gene in the vicinity of major QTLs for HSW can be further investigated to develop a diagnostic marker for HSW in peanut breeding. This study provides understanding of the genetic factor governing peanut traits and valuable insights for future breeding efforts aimed at improving yield and quality.

Genome-wide SNP discovery and genotyping delineates potential QTLs underlying major yield-attributing traits in buckwheat.

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) is an important nutritional and nutraceutical-rich pseudo-cereal crop. Despite its obvious potential as a functional food, buckwheat has not been fully harnessed due to its low yield, self-incompatibility, increased seed cracking, limited seed set, lodging, and frost susceptibility. The inadequate availability of genomics resources in buckwheat is one of the major reasons for this. In the present study, genome-wide association mapping (GWAS) was conducted to identify loci associated with various morphological and yield-related traits in buckwheat. High throughput genotyping by sequencing led to the identification of 34,978 single nucleotide polymorphisms that were distributed across eight chromosomes. Population structure analysis grouped the genotypes into three sub-populations. The genotypes were also characterized for various qualitative and quantitative traits at two diverse locations, the analysis of which revealed a significant difference in the mean values. The association analysis revealed a total of 71 significant marker-trait associations across eight chromosomes. The candidate genes were identified near 100 Kb of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), providing insights into several metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. The integration of phenology and GWAS in the present study is useful to uncover the consistent genomic regions, related markers associated with various yield-related traits, and potential candidate genes having implications for being utilized in molecular breeding for the improvement of economically important traits in buckwheat. Moreover, the identified QTLs will assist in tracking the desirable alleles of target genes within the buckwheat breeding populations/germplasm.

Genetic analyses of grain yield and yield-attributing traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under terminal heat stress

Abstract (286) Terminal heat stress is a key constraint in wheat cultivation and its impact is anticipated to increase in the current context of climate change. Heat stress poses a serious threat, especially during the reproductive and grain-filling stages in wheat that can causes a significant reduction in yield. The current research was carried out to assess the nature of genetic variability and the relationship between yield and yield attributing traits of 30 different wheat genotypes grown under terminal heat stress and also to isolate the best performing genotypes based on stress tolerance indices. The highest estimates of PCV and GCV were observed for plant height (67 and 65, respectively). Most of the traits showed high heritability, among which days to germination (98.45%), plant height (96.51%), total grain per plant (99.71%) exhibited the highest. The highest genetic advance was estimated in filled spikelet per spike (97.37%). Total grain weight and hundred grain weight had strong positive correlation with yield per plant. The characters viz., plant height, chlorophyll content, no. of tiller per plant, days to 50% flowering, filled grain, hundred grain weight, flag leaf length, days to booting, total grain weight had a positive direct effect on grain yield. In this experiment, SADH-2, DSN-76, NK-5, NE-3, SA-2 had the lowest value of TOL which indicated that they had high tolerance towards heat stress. The highest value of YSI was observed in DSN-76, NE-3, BAW 1008, NK-5, SADH-22 which indicated that they had lower yield reduction and higher yield stability under heat stress. The optimum sowing date showed better performance for all the examined traits compare to heat stress condition. The identified genotypes hold promise for future breeding programs aimed at developing wheat varieties resilient to terminal heat stress.

Impact of varied organic manures and biofertilizers on the growth and yield of fenugreek cultivation

Organic manures and biofertilizers have a good effect on soil structure and microbial populations, according to studies such as those which can improve the overall health of the agriculture system. The study focuses on the growth, yield-attributing traits, and economic considerations of fenugreek, which is a member of the Fabaceae family and is well-known for its culinary and therapeutic benefits. A recent study was conducted at the Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture’s research farm at Amity University Noida (Uttar Pradesh) during Rabi season 2023-24 to explore the impact of using different organic manures and biofertilizers on fenugreek production. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications comprising six treatments. The study used field trials to compare the results of these approaches to traditional methods and analyse their economic feasibility. The results showed that using organic inputs, particularly vermicompost mixed with Azotobacter, significantly improved plant growth and yield. The best results for growth parameters viz. plant height (34.33 cm), and the number of branches per plant (11.77) were recorded in plots applied with (T4) (Vermicompost +Azotobacter), Additionally, treatments that used bio fertilisers alongside organic manures produced higher net returns and benefit-cost ratios than treatments that only used organic manures. Numeric assessments demonstrated the economic viability of using organic manure combinations, with T4 (vermicompost + Azotobacter) yielding the highest net return of 119,389 rupees. These findings highlight the potential of organic inputs in sustainable fenugreek growing, providing farmers and stakeholders with useful insights into promoting environmentally friendly agricultural practices.

Effect of Different Electrical Conductances and Vertical Hydroponics Systems on Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Winter Dawn

The experiment entitled “Effect of Different Electrical Conductances and Vertical Hydroponics Systems on Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Winter Dawn’’ was carried under a Naturally Ventilated Polyhouse in the Experimental Farm, Department of Horticulture, Assam Agriculture University, Jorhat, Assam during the year 2019-21. The experiment was laid out in a factorial completely randomized block design with three types of vertical hydroponics systems viz., T1 , T2 , and T3 , and two EC levels viz., L1 (1.8 dSm-1) and L2 (2.5 dSm-1) and six replications. Among the three vertical hydroponics systems T1 and L1 were found to be the best for yield and yield contributing characteristics. The significant effect of vertical hydroponics system T1 and L1 was observed in NAR (1.35mg cm-2 day-1) and (1.34 mg cm-2 day-1), yield (357.88 g./plant) and (316.91g./plant), fruit weight (25.61g) and (24.03g), number of fruits per plant (13.92) and (12.97), Number of fruits per system (295.00) and (247.08), weight of fruit per system (5.84 kg) and (5.84 kg), fruit length (6.96cm) and (5.88cm), fruit girth (10.35cm) and (9.89cm) and Fruit volume (10.56 cc) and (9.74 cc) was found highest in T1 , L1 and T1 xL1 . Among the two EC and three vertical hydroponic systems, significant differences in growth parameters were observed primarily due to differences in Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) availability. A higher NAR availability led to a higher rate of photosynthesis, better quality of the fruits of the plants in the T1 . Therefore, some modifications such as A-shape or V-shape designs are suggested in the vertical hydroponics system to improve NAR availability in the column type and Shelf-type. Among both E.C levels, the effect of EC 1.8 was found to be the best for yield contributing characters of strawberries.

Genetic variability analysis in elite black pepper genotypes using morpho-physiological and yield-attributing traits

Genetic variability analysis in elite black pepper genotypes using morpho-physiological and yield-attributing traits

Genetic Characterization and Character Association Study in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for Grain Yield and Yield Attributing Traits

Present research work was carried out at the research farm of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Rama University, Kanpur to investigate the pattern of genetic variability and heritability in the elite genotypes of wheat germplasm. In current study 27 wheat genotypes including checks entries viz., HD 2967 AND PBW 152 have been evaluated in randomized block design in 3 replication and the observations have been recorded on the eleven metric traits viz., Days to 50% flowering, Days to maturity, Flag leaf area (cm2), Tillers per plant, plant height (cm), spike length (cm), Spikelet per spike, Grain yield per plant (g), Biological yield per plant (g), Test weight (g) and Harvest index (%). The analysis of variance showed significant mean sum of squares due to all traits under study. High estimates of heritability were observed for all of the traits viz., grain yield per plant (98.90%) followed by test weight (95.53%) and harvest index (94.88 %), whereas, high estimates of genetic advance (>20%) in per cent over mean was recorded for the traits grain yield per plant (44.26%) followed by spike length (36.12%) and Test weight (28.51%), High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance for the traits showed additive gene action and the selection for such traits would be rewarding.

Study about the Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Brinjal is an important vegetable crop grown in India, Asia, and many parts of the world. The primary objective of brinjal breeding is to develop varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases, have higher yields, and better fruit quality. In this study, 10 brinjal varieties were crossed to obtain F1’s hybrids. The F1’s were evaluated for yield and yield-related characters. The results showed a wide range of variation for all characters. The estimates of heritability in F1 varied from 45.43% (number of primary branches per plant) to 97.69% (Average Fruit weight). The genetic advance percent over mean for F1 varied from 6.25 % (Number of primary branches per plant) to 62.16 % (Average Fruit weight). Seven characters showed high performance viz. Average Fruit weight (62.16%) , Number of Fruit per Plant (50.37%), Fruit yield per plant (49.37), Fruit circumference (35.18), Plant height (32.77), Number of Secondary branches per plant (29.14%) and Fruit length (27.11%); three medium performance viz. Days of 50% Flowering after transplanting (18.09), Days of First Fruit harvest after transplanting (15.35) and Fruit T.S.S (11.92%); one low performance i.e., Number of primary Branches per plant (6.25%). The PCV was higher than GCV indicate the role of environment in performance of characters while value of both have narrow difference indicate the mainly genetic factors is responsible for the performance of the characters of genotypes.High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was found for yield and yield attributing characters, which indicates that selection for these traits will be effective.

Studies on Genetic Variability and Associations of Fruit and Shoot Borer Infestation for Yield Attributing Traits in Transgressive Segregating Populations of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Studies on Genetic Variability and Associations of Fruit and Shoot Borer Infestation for Yield Attributing Traits in Transgressive Segregating Populations of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Studies on Heterosis and Combiing Ability for Yield and Quality Attributing Traits in Chilli (Capsicum Annum L.)

Seven lines and four testers were crossed in line x tester mating design to evolve twenty-eight hybrids. These hybrids were studied along with their eleven parents for estimation of relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for Fruififteen characters. Observations were recorded on fifteen economically important traits viz., days to 50 percent flowering, plant height at maturity, plant spread, fruit length, fruit width, fruit pedicel length, placenta length, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, number of seeds per fruit, 1000 seed weight, fruit yield per plant, ascorbic acid content, capsaicin content and capsanthin content. The hybrids L4 x T3 (LCA 625 × G-4) is the best hybrids followed by L7 x T4 (Pant C-1 × LCA 678) and L7 x T2 (Pant C-1 × K1) recorded significant standard heterosis for fruit yield per plant. Selection of hybrids for heterosis breeding based on per se performance, sca effects and standard heterosis will be more effective. It may be concluded that based on all the three criteria, the following three hybrids L4 x T3 (LCA 625 × G-4) and L7 x T4 (Pant C-1 × LCA 678) and L7 x T2 (Pant C-1 × K1) were identified as the superior hybrids, among the twenty-eight hybrids evaluated.