Yellowish In Color Research Articles

Oxidatively damaged DNA in aging dyslipidemic ApoE-/- and wild-type mice

The free radical theory of aging depicts an accumulation of cellular oxidatively damaged DNA. In this study, we investigated this theory in mice with knocked-out apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE(-/-)), which develops atherosclerosis and wild-type counterparts. The level of oxidatively damaged DNA was investigated as strand breaks, endonuclease III- and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase-sensitive sites by the comet assay. The level of DNA damage was mainly increased with age in the liver of ApoE(-/-) mice, whereas no increase was observed in the aorta or lung of the mice. This suggests that the accumulation of oxidized DNA in the liver of dyslipidemic ApoE(-/-) mice could be secondary to dysfunction of the lipid metabolism. Visually, the aortas of the ApoE(-/-) mice were clearly atherosclerotic as indicated by rigid texture and yellowish in color. However, the unaltered levels of oxidized DNA in severely atherosclerotic aortas of old ( approximately 70 weeks) ApoE(-/-) mice indicate that oxidative stress may not be a generalized phenomenon, but rather related locally to the individual plaques. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that dyslipidemic ApoE(-/-) mice suffer from hepatic oxidative stress in terms of oxidized DNA, and this effect could be due to the dysfunction of lipid metabolism.

FUNCTIONAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF IKIVUNDE AND INYANGE, TWO TRADITIONALLY PROCESSED BURUNDIAN CASSAVA FLOURS

Ikivunde and Inyange are traditionally processed cassava flours that are widely consumed in Burundi. Functional and chemical properties were measured at fermentation periods of 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and120 h. Yield, bulk density, dispersibility, crude fiber and pasting temperature (PT) increased as the fermentation time increased for both products. In addition, decreases in pH, starch, cyanide, peak viscosity (PV), hot paste viscosity, cold paste viscosity and water retention capacity were also observed as the fermentation time increased. At the end of the fermentation period, Ikivunde exhibited higher yield, dispersibility, bulk density and PT but showed lower water retention capacity and PV than Inyange. Color parameters showed that Ikivunde became whiter while Inyange turned yellowish in color as the fermentation time increased. Overall, the fermentation of cassava has a profound effect on the functional and chemical properties of both Ikivunde and Inyange.

Use of modified chemical route for ZnSe nanocrystalline thin films growth: Study on surface morphology and physical properties

The zinc selenide thin films have been deposited using modified chemical bath deposition (M-CBD) method. Zinc acetate and sodium selenosulphate were used as Zn 2+ and Se 2− ion sources, respectively. The preparative parameters such as concentration, pH, number of deposition cycles have been optimized in order to deposit ZnSe thin films. The as-deposited ZnSe thin films are specularly reflective and faint yellowish in color. The as-deposited ZnSe films are annealed in an air atmosphere at 473 K for 2 h. The films are characterized using structural, morphological, compositional, optical and electrical properties.

Embryonic and larval development of Thai Pangas (Pangasius sutchi Fowler, 1937)

The embryonic and larval development of Thai pangas was investigated during peak (May-July 1995) and late spawning (August-October 1995) periods. The fertilized eggs are adhesive and spherical with a yellowish or greenish-brown egg capsule. The yolk sac is yellowish-brown in color and 1.20-1.80 mm in diameter. Nine hours post-fertilization, the first cleavage stage, embryonic shield, head, tail region, neural grooves and somites were evident. The incubation period ranges from 24-36 h at a temperature of 20-30 degrees C. The newly hatched larvae are quite transparent and light yellowish in color with a body length of 2.98-3.10 mm. Eye pigments appear and the heart starts to work within 12-14 h of hatching. In 1-day-old pro-larvae, the mouth becomes well developed; barbules are elongated, prominent and look like tiny threads. The yolk sac is fairly well absorbed and the palatine teeth are fully developed during the 3 day pro-larval stage. At the end of 12 days of larval development, the stomach becomes functional and aerial respiration starts. After 2 weeks, the young fry is well-developed, and is of an adult appearance, that is, measuring up to 13.56 mm in length.

Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (castleman's disease)—A case report

A 55 year's old female presented with a painless swelling on the left side of the neck of 20 year's duration. She had history of t rauma over" that region following which she noticed the swelling. It increased in size g radua l ly . It was p y r i f o r m in shape and f i rm in consistency. It occupied the entire left anterior triangle and part of the posterior triangle of the neck. She had no dysphagia, voice changes, weight loss or fever. No significant lymphadenopathy in other areas of the body could be detected. Liver and spleen were not palpable. Previous haematological tests, X rays neck and chests, thyroid scan, serum T3, T4 and TSH were within normal limits. Rheumatoid factor was negative. Her bleeding time and clotting time were 1 rain. 15 seconds and 4 rain. 20 seconds respectively. Fine needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) revealed non specific lymphadenitis. Excision biopsy revealed an oval firm encapsulated mass, externally covered with greyish white membrane, wi th prominent blood vessels and areas of shaggy looking fibrous adhesions. The specimen was 7.0 cm x 4.5 c m x 1.0 cm in size. Cut surface was irregular, lobulated and soft yellowish in colour. On microscopic examination, multiple sections revealed structure of a l y m p h node wi th cel lular infi l t rates. There were irregular bands of connective tissues, containing a large number of hyalinised blood vessels running fi'om the capsules to the interior, dividing the lymph node into lobules. Through out the specimen there were lymphoid follicles of varying sizes having both prominent and inconspicuous germinal centres, with hyalinised blood vessels in many of them and having a thick mantle zone of lymphocytes . The interfoll icular zone contained

両膝蓋骨脱臼を呈した弾力線維性仮性黄色腫の一例

We report dislocation of the bilateral patella in a patient with pseudothantoma elasticum. A forty-two-year-old woman presented a history of reccurrent dislocation of the patella since she was a child. Radiographs demonstrated lateralization and tilting of the patella. The skin of the neck, upper limb, and the inguinal areas was loose, coarse, and yellowish in color. Retinal showed angioid streaks which is the most common change in pseudothantoma elasticum. We performed both proximal and distal realignment of the patella. Pseudothantoma elasticum is rare, soon in hyperelasticity syndromes, and is characterized by elastotic degeneration. It is rarely accompanied by general joint laxity, and there has been no report of dislocation of the patella complicating pseudothantoma elasticum. Possible association of the dislocation of the patella with pseudothantoma elasticum has been suggested.

Lipidized fibrous histiocytoma: clinicopathologic analysis of 22 cases.

We report the clinicopathologic analysis of 23 tumors from 22 patients with lipidized fibrous histiocytoma (FH), which has been an underrecognized variant of cutaneous FH. The 16 men and 6 women patients (male/female ratio, 2.7:1) ranged in age from 21 to 82 years (median, 50 years). The location of the tumor was concentrated strikingly in the lower limb, especially around the ankle, hence the alternative informal designation of "ankle-type" FH. The tumors showed relatively large size compared with those of conventional FH, ranging up to 8 cm in greatest dimension (median, 2.5 cm), and tended to be polypoid and yellowish in color. Hyperlipidemia was only a rare and perhaps incidental association in two cases. Histologically, lipidized FH was characterized by accumulation of numerous foam cells, smaller numbers of siderophages, and stromal hyalinization typically appearing "wiry," keloidlike, or osteoidlike, although focal features of ordinary FH almost always coexisted and were identified as a focal storiform or curlicue pattern of spindle tumor cells, epidermal hyperplasia, and peripheral "entrapped" dermal collagen. Although follow-up data are limited, the prognosis appears to be good with no recurrence, even after incomplete excision. These clinicopathologic features highlight lipidized FH as a distinctive variant, which can be distinguished from ordinary or other variants of FH, as well as from other foam cell-rich cutaneous lesions, especially xanthoma.

Ovarian structure and oogenetic cycle in the millipede Catamicrophyllum caifanum (Diplopoda: Iulidae)

The ovaries and oocytes of a iulid millipede Catamicrophyllum caifanum Verhoeff 1920, were studied in an oak woodland and a planted pine forest in the Mediterranean region in northern Israel. The changes in the stages and number of oocytes are described throughout the activity period of this millipede: October–February. Four stages of female germ cell development could be distinguished: (1) the early stages of oogenesis when the female germ cells (= oogonia) are still embedded in the germ layers of the ovarian epithelium; (2) two sizes of previtellogenic oocytes entering the ovarian lumen are distinguishable. Small ones (< 0.1 mm) observable only in microscopic sections, and larger ones (0.2–0.45 mm) that could be seen under the dissecting microscope. The small previtellogenic oocytes were present in the ovary throughout the study period. The oocytes apparently undergo vitellogenesis during autumn; (3) with the accumulation of yolk, a third stage consisting of small, medium and large vitellogenic oocytes can be discerned; (4) the mature, post-vitellogenic oocytes, elliptic in shape and yellowish in colour, appear towards the end of autumn. In winter only post-vitellogenic oocytes are found, disappearing from the ovary towards the end of winter. The number of mature, post-vitellogenic oocytes is positively correlated with the female's body size. Catamicrophyllum caifanum has therefore an annual oogenetic cycle breeding once yearly during winter. This, together with the fact that its ovary contains oocytes belonging to different stages (= generations), indicates that it can breed at least four and possibly up to seven times during its lifetime.

Ovarian structure and oogenetic cycle in the millipedeCatamicrophyllum caifanum(Diplopoda: Iulidae)

AbstractThe ovaries and oocytes of a iulid millipedeCatamicrophyllum caifanumVerhoeff 1920, were studied in an oak woodland and a planted pine forest in the Mediterranean region in northern Israel. The changes in the stages and number of oocytes are described throughout the activity period of this millipede: October–February. Four stages of female germ cell development could be distinguished: (1) the early stages of oogenesis when the female germ cells (= oogonia) are still embedded in the germ layers of the ovarian epithelium; (2) two sizes of previtellogenic oocytes entering the ovarian lumen are distinguishable. Small ones (&lt; 0.1 mm) observable only in microscopic sections, and larger ones (0.2–0.45 mm) that could be seen under the dissecting microscope. The small previtellogenic oocytes were present in the ovary throughout the study period. The oocytes apparently undergo vitellogenesis during autumn; (3) with the accumulation of yolk, a third stage consisting of small, medium and large vitellogenic oocytes can be discerned; (4) the mature, post‐vitellogenic oocytes, elliptic in shape and yellowish in colour, appear towards the end of autumn. In winter only post‐vitellogenic oocytes are found, disappearing from the ovary towards the end of winter. The number of mature, post‐vitellogenic oocytes is positively correlated with the female's body size.Catamicrophyllum caifanumhas therefore an annual oogenetic cycle breeding once yearly during winter. This, together with the fact that its ovary contains oocytes belonging to different stages (= generations), indicates that it can breed at least four and possibly up to seven times during its lifetime.

Clinal Variation in the Production of Usnic Acid in Cladonia subtenuis along Light Gradients

Clinal Variation in the Production of Usnic Acid in Cladonia subtenuis along Light Gradients

Rediscovery, Redescription, and Relationships of Haemaphysalis vidua Warburton and Nuttall, 1909 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) from Malaya

The male of Haemaphysalis vidua Warburton and Nuttall, 1909, previously known only by a single specimen, is redescribed and the female is described for the first time. vidua, a parasite of Malayan civets, belongs to a haemaphysalid group with unusual capitular formations related to bispinosa Neumann. Haemaphysalis vidua was described by Warburton and Nuttall (1909) from a single male specimen taken in company with H. leachii from a Palm Civet, Paradoxurus sp., in the Federated Malay States, March 1909, by Dr. A. T. Stanton. It has not been reported since that time, and the female has remained unknown. This interesting species differs from other haemaphysalids in a peculiar uptilt of the basal margins of the palpi. Given only a brief description and rough sketch of vidua, based on a single individual, one might wonder whether this specimen could have been an imperfectly developed one. Study of the presently reported series, however, indicates that vidua is a valid species with several unique structural features, some of which have previously been unrecognized. Recently, through the kindness of Professor John R. Hendrickson of the Department of Zoology, University of Malaya at Kuala Lumpur, we have been privileged to receive some outstanding collections of Malayan ticks. Among these were 11 males and 1 female of vidua taken from a Malay Civet, Viverra tangalunga Gray, at Tasek Bera, Pahang, Malaya, on 12 October 1961, by Ben Ensoll, together with specimens of dentipalpis Warburton and Nuttall, koningsbergeri Warburton and Nuttall, and immature stages of Haemaphysalis sp. and Amblyomma sp. The specimens of H. leachii reported with vidua in Warburton and Nuttall's Received for publication 25 July 1962. From Research Project MR005.09-1402.3, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington 25, D. C. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the author and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the naval service at large. original description of this species were probably actually koningsbergeri. The description and sketch of the male vidua in Warburton and Nuttall (1909) and in Nuttall and Warburton (1915, p. 495-496) provide only an incomplete taxonomic diagnosis of this species and are not sufficiently detailed for modern needs. The present study is part of a larger work designed to elucidate the phylogenetic position of vidua and other members of this genus. The male is here redescribed and the female described for the first time. We are grateful to Professor Hendrickson for this fine material. Haemaphysalis vidua Warburton and Nuttall, 1909 (figs. 1-14) Redescription. Male: Length from apex of palpi to posterior margin of scutum measures approximately 2.0 mm, width 1.2 mm. Color yellowish. Capitulum (figs. 5, 6). Basis capituli essentially rectangular and with moderate cornua; length (including cornua) approximately 2.3 of width; surface with a few scattered minute punctations; lateral margins slightly convex bordering cornua; posterior margin straight between cornua; cornua widely triangular, apex bluntly rounded, almost half as long as base. Basis capituli ventrally bearing approximately 4 sublateral setae and a pair of short posthypostomal bristles. Palpi short, widely triangular, segment 2 with peculiarly uptilted basal margins. Dorsally, segment 1 prominent, with long lateral margin; segment 3 (including basal spur) almost as long as segment 2; segment 2 with long, uncurved, uptilted basal margin, basolateral juncture acutely recurved, lateral margin short (in some specimens even shorter than herein illustrated), inner margin long and sinuous; segment 3 widely triangular with short inner margin, long lateral margin, and basal margin which is slightly longer than apical margin of segment 2 and bears a short but widely triangular spur; segment 1 bearing one lateral seta; segment 2 bearing two lateral setae, two basal setae, and two short, narrow inner setae; segment 3 bearing at least two setae. Ventrally,

ツユクサの青色メタロアントシアニンの結晶化と その性質とについて

(1) A blue anthocyanin was isolated in crystalline state from the petals of “Awobana”.plant (Commelina communis L, var. hortensis Makino) (cf. Fig. 1), and was shown to be identical in all respects with the blue crystals previously obtained from the petals of wild commelina (Commelina communis L. var. communis). We propose the name “commelinin” for this blue anthocyanin.(2) Commelinin seems to be a high molecular compound, which is non-dialysable through semi-permeable membranes. The estimation of the individual components gave the following results: p-coumaric acid 11.83%, delphinidin (as chloride) 27.33% and glucose 30.78%, Mg 0.42%, K 1.47% and Na 0.29%, respectively. Probably, Na is not inherent to the pigment molecule.(3) On treatment with 1% hydrochloric acid, commelinin loses its alkali metals altogether. The resultant product, which is still bound with Mg as before, is also convertible into brilliant blue crystals (cf. Fig. 4). Therefore, it is concluded that the blue color of commelinin is not due to an alkali phenolate of anthocyanin.(4) Mg remains fixed to the pigment molecule even after treatment either with EDTA or cation exchangers. Of course, no perceptible color change occurs in these cases.(5) Besides, commelinin seems to contain an appreciable amount (25-30%) of an unknown substance, which is pale yellowish in color and is presumed to be a flavonoid.(6) To sum up the analytical results obtained, commelinin is a co-ordination compound, in which one atom of Mg combines four molecules of awobanin (delphinidin-3: 5-dimonoglucoside+p-coumaric acid) around it, and an unknown flavonoid-like substance is further brought into association with it (cf. Table 3 and 4).

The photosensitive retinal pigments of fishes from relatively turbid coastal waters.

Digitonin extracts have been prepared from the retinae of a dozen species of marine and euryhaline teleost fishes from turbid water habitats. Spectrophotometric analysis of the extracts shows that the photosensitive retinal pigments of these species have maximum absorption above 500 mmicro. In nine species there are retinene(1) pigments with lambda(max) between 504 and 512 mmicro. In the marine but euryhaline mullet, Mugil cephalus, there is a porphyropsin with lambda(max) 520 mmicro. A mixture of rhodopsin and porphyropsin in an extract of a marine puffer, Sphoeroides annulatus, was disclosed by partial bleaching with colored light. In addition, one other species has a 508 mmicro pigment, of which the nature of the chromophore was not determined. The habitats in which these fishes live are relatively turbid, with the water greenish or yellowish in color. The spectral transmission of such waters is probably maximal between 520 and 570 mmicro. It is suggested that the fishes have become adapted to these conditions by small but significant shifts in spectral absorption of their retinal pigments. These pigments are decidedly more effective than rhodopsin in absorption of wavelengths above 500 mmicro. This offers a possible interpretation of the confusing array of retinal pigments described from marine and euryhaline fishes.

A Flagellated Heliozoan

Previous articleNext article FreeA Flagellated HeliozoanHoward CrawleyHoward Crawley Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The American Naturalist Volume 34, Number 400Apr., 1900 Published for The American Society of Naturalists Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/277613 Views: 24Total views on this site PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.