Thevetia Peruviana Research Articles

First report of different mating types of Phytophthora infestans isolates from potatoes in Cameroon and their control using Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. seeds extracts analyzed by GC–MS

First report of different mating types of Phytophthora infestans isolates from potatoes in Cameroon and their control using Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. seeds extracts analyzed by GC–MS

PRODUCTION OF NEEM AND YELLOW OLEANDER SEED OIL BIODIESEL BLENDS AND EVALUATION OF THEIR PERFORMANCES IN A COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE

In this study Neem and Yellow oleander biodiesels were blended in some given proportions and characterized. An F165 diesel engine was ran with each blend and its performance parameters evaluated and compared to those obtained when the engine ran on Automotive Gas Oil (AGO). The produced neem oil biodiesel (NOB) and yellow Oleander biodiesel (YOB) were blended together in a percentage ratio of 20:80, 40:60, 60:40 and 50:50 percentages for Neem and Yellow oleander biodiesels respectively. Results show that brake power of the blends is close to that of AGO at lower torques but developed higher power at higher torques (2.69 kWh at 10Nm for N10Y40 and 2.68 kWh for AGO). The blends exhibited close comparison with the AGO in thermal efficiency. The results of the study show a diesel engine perform well with pure biodiesel blends as fuels as it does with fossil AGO, thus new biofuel was produced capable of replacing conventional diesel fuel in the transportation industry.

Investigation into the Use of Thevetia Peruviana seed oil for Surfactant Flooding

Investigation into the Use of Thevetia Peruviana seed oil for Surfactant Flooding

Rhizopus oryzae causes the leaf rot disease of Epimedium sagittatum in Guizhou, China.

Epimedium sagittatum is a collective term for herbaceous plants belonging to the family Berberidaceae. Their dried leaves and stems have significant therapeutic effects on tumor inhibition, hypertension control, and coronary heart disease (Ke et al. 2023; Zhao et al. 2019). In 2021 and 2022, plants with similar leaf rot symptoms ranging from 30% to 55% was observed on E. sagittatum in Congjiang County, Guizhou province. The initial symptoms of the disease manifest locally on the leaf, with yellowing on the surface edge of the affected tissue, browning in the middle part, and brown-white discoloration in the innermost part (Supplementary Figure S1B). As the disease progresses, the entire infected leaf gradually softens, while the veins remain intact (Supplementary Figure S1C). Ultimately, the leaf withers and dehisces. The nine samples with typical symptoms were collected from Congjiang County, Guizhou province (26.598°N, 106.707°E). Twenty-seven fungi were isolated, including ten isolates of Rhizopus and seventeen isolates of seven other genera. On isolate YYH-CJ-17 many sporangia were formed and turned to a brown-gray to black color on potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) after culturing 5 days under dark at 25 ℃ (Supplementary Figure S2A and S2B). The branches of mycelium were finger-shaped or root-shaped. The sporangium was spherical or nearly spherical, 60-250 µm in diameter, and sporangiospores were elliptical or spherical and 4-8 µm in diameter. The obtained 547 bp ITS fragment (accession OR225970) and 1231 bp EF-1α region (accession OR242258) from isolate YYH-CJ-17 were compared with NR database using the BLAST tool provided by NCBI, which revealed more than 99.5% identity (query cover more than 98%) with the sequences of ITS (accessions MF522822.1) and EF-1α (accession AB281541.1) of Rhizopus oryzae Went & H.C. Prinsen Geerlings (Gao et al. 2022; Zhang et al. 2022). The phylogenetic tree constructed with the ITS and EF-1α gene sequences demonstrates that strain YYH-CJ-17 clusters with R. oryzae in the same branch and the bootstrap value was greater than 99% (Supplementary Figure S3). Based on the morphological characteristics and ITS and EF-1a sequences, the isolate YYH-CJ-17 is identified as R. oryzae. Pathogenicity tests were performed on detached healthy leaves and living plants of E. sagittatum. Healthy leaves of E. sagittatum were subjected to inoculation with isolate YYH-CJ-17 with 5 × 105 CFU mL-1 concentration in sterile culture dishes. The progression of the disease was marked by the gradual softening of the infected leaves and the expansion of the lesions, which ultimately produced black-brown sporangium (Supplementary Figure S4A). Furthermore, the E. sagittatum living plants were sprayed with 5 × 105 CFU mL-1 conidial suspension of isolate YYH-CJ-17, with ddH2O as a negative control, and then were cultivated at 25℃ and 90% humidity for 21 days in the greenhouse. This assay found that the E. sagittatum leaves treated with isolate YYH-CJ-17 exhibited the same symptoms observed on plants in fields (Supplementary Figure S4B). The fungus re-isolated from the inoculated leaves were identified as R. oryzae by ITS sequencing and were blasted with NR database, which highest matched with the sequence of ITS (accessions MF522822.1) mentioned above, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. R. oryzae has been identified as a causative agent of a diverse array of host diseases, including leaf mildew of tobacco, fruit rot of yellow oleander and pears, and soft rot of bananas (Farooq et al. 2017; Khokhar et al. 2019; Kwon et al. 2012; Pan et al. 2021). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf rot on E. sagittatum caused by R. oryzae in China, which will provide clear prevention and management target for the leaf rot disease of E. sagittatum.

Production and Characterization of New Surfactant Formulated from <i>Thevetia Peruviana Seed Oil</i> for Use in Enhanced Oil Recovery

Production and Characterization of New Surfactant Formulated from <i>Thevetia Peruviana Seed Oil</i> for Use in Enhanced Oil Recovery

Evaluation of air quality through various bioparameters near Valankulam lake, Coimbatore

Road and bridge construction close to lakes generates a lot of dust, which pollutes the air in that area. This is about the negative effects of vegetation activities. Some have the tolerance capacity, while others do not, leading to adverse effects. The study focuses on the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) of trees near Valankulam Lake in Coimbatore. Physiological and biochemical factors were employed to determine the APTI. The leaves of 19 trees were collected for the study and tested for ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll concentration, leaf pH, and relative water content. Albizzia lebbeck was found to have the highest tolerance value (88.81), followed by Ficus religiosa, Bougainvillaea spectabilis, Nerium oleander, Ricinus communis, Thevetia peruviana, Azadirachta indica and Tamarindus indica. Tectona grandis (8.01) is the most vulnerable to pollution, followed by Pongamia pinnata, Vitex negundo and Tecoma stans. According to the findings, the tolerant species can serve as a source, while the sensitive plants serve as a signal of pollution.

Thermogravimetric analysis and injection pressure strategies on a CI engine using yellow oleander methyl ester-diesel blends with nano additions

Thermogravimetric analysis and injection pressure strategies on a CI engine using yellow oleander methyl ester-diesel blends with nano additions

Leaf Area Estimation of Yellow Oleander Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum Using a Non-Destructive Allometric Model

The resurgence of interest in medicinal plants and their potential in pharmaceuticals has driven research into harnessing bioactive compounds for innovative treatments. This study proposes an accurate and non-destructive method to estimate leaf area (LA) for Thevetia peruviana through linear measurements of the leaf length (L), the leaf width (W), or the product of the leaf length and width (LW). The study encompasses comprehensive analyses of leaf dimensions collected during different seasons (rainy and dry season), employing linear and non-linear regression models to predict LA. Among the diverse models tested, non-linear equations emerged as superior predictors of LA, surpassing simpler linear models. However, in the rigorous selection process, the equations were linear with the intercept and power model, meeting the requirements for accurate and unbiased LA estimation. Despite the competence of these models, distinguishing between them based on evaluation criteria proved inconclusive. Following the principle of simplicity, equations linear with the intercept [LA = 0.284 + 0.766 × (LW)] are preferred as power models [LA = 0.914 × (LW)0.939] and are recommended as an optimal and practical choice for estimating T. peruviana LA in field experiments. The investigation emphasizes the importance of a robust approach to LA estimation, offering crucial insights into the allometric relationships and facilitating informed agricultural decisions. This comprehensive study advances our understanding of T. peruviana and contributes to the broader discourse on accurate and efficient leaf area estimation techniques in plant biology and agriculture.

Thevetia peruviana: Its Phytochemistry, Traditional and Medicinal Uses, and Pharmacological Activities

Thevetia peruviana, a member of the Apocynaceae family, is also known as digoxin, fortunate nut, yellow oleander, and other names. After consumption, T. peruviana plants have the potential to be fatal. In South Asian countries, especially in Sri Lanka and India, T. peruviana is frequently used for international self-harm. Around the world’s tropical and subtropical regions, T. peruviana is a common cause of toxicological emergencies. The entire plant is hazardous due to the presence of several cardiac glycosides, including neriifolin, oleandrin, thevetin A, and thevetin B. Oleander consumption causes hyperkalemia, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and all of the above. In the majority of cases, supportive care and the administration of activated charcoal are used in the clinical therapy of either N. oleander or T. peruviana poisoning. T. peruviana-related information is compiled in this article.

Adsorptive properties of modified Thevetia peruviana shells (TPS) for removal of Methoxychlor from aqueous solutions

Pesticide contamination to water bodies is considered as a global concern. This study involves the use of activated carbon synthesized from the shells of Thevetia peruviana shell (TPS) for the removal of the potential pollutant, Methoxychlor (MXC) from water. The TPS was activated using potassium hydroxide and was characterized by pH point zero charge (pHpzc), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The activated material shows a high BET of 394.97 m2/g with a pHpzc of 2. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of operating conditions such as pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, and contact time. Under optimum conditions, adsorption of MXC onto TPS had a removal efficiency of 94.90%. The sorption experiment data best fits the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model (R 2 = 0.999) and also correlated with Langmuir isotherm model (maximum sorption capacity of 197.2 mg/g). The results reveal that TPS can be considered as an excellent adsorbent material for the removal of pesticides and applicable for real waste water treatment.

Biodiesel production: An updated review of evidence

This review paper highlights the production of biodiesel from different plant based feedstocks via the transesterification process. Biodiesel is a renewable, non-toxic, environment-friendly and an economically feasible option to tackle the depleting fossil fuels and its negative environmental impact. Biodiesel in general possess higher kinematic viscosity and density than conventional diesel. However, because of food security concerns, the use of edible oil in biodiesel production is criticized globally. Non-edible plant oils, waste cooking oils, and edible oil industry byproducts are suggested as effective biodiesel feedstocks because nonedible feedstock does not compete with food from human consumption. High-potential second-generation feedstock for biodiesel production uses waist cooking oil, acid oil, and animal tallow. Non edible crops in India as a feedstock for biodiesel production are yellow oleander oil (Cascabela thevetia), Pongamia (Pongamia pinnata), Jatropha curcas, Mahua (Madhuca longifolia), Candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus), Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), Soapnut (Sapindus mukorossi), Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Karanja (Millettia pinnata), Castor (Ricinus communis), Polanga (Calophyllum inophyllum L), Cotton (Gossypium), Kusum (Carthamus tinctorius), Yellow oleander (Cascabela thevetia), Sea mango (Cerbera odollam), Tung (Vernicia fordii), and Bottle tree (Brachychiton rupestris). Biodiesel is a sustainable liquid bio-energy resource that might be used to replace diesel fuel. Despite having numerous advantages over conventional diesel, the biodiesel industry is still struggling in India because of various reasons and challenges like availability, high feedstock pricing, operational hurdles, and supply-chain management challenges.

Identifying pollution scavenging potential of perennial plants growing in Maitreyi College Campus, University of Delhi

Aim: Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) represents the potential of a plant to combat air pollution. In the present study, APTI value of 77 perennials growing in the Maitreyi College Campus, New Delhi was calculated, and these plants were classified into tolerant and sensitive species. Methodology: APTI was calculated by assessing four physiological and biochemical parameters, pH, Relative Water Content (RWC), Total Chlorophyll (TCh), and Ascorbic Acid (AA). Results: The highest APTI was observed in Musa sp. (10.52) indicating it to be the most tolerant, while the lowest in Aegle marmelos (1.93), showing it to be the most sensitive for pollution. Results showed Musa sp., Salmelia sp., Terminalia arjuna, Murraya exotica, Hamelia patens, Ravenala madagascariensis, Ficus racemosa, Cascabela thevetia, Eugenia uniflora, Nyctanthes arbortristis to have good potential in reducing air pollution in a sustainable manner. Species such as Aegle marmelos, Plumeria rubra, Dracaena, Carissa carandas, Eucalyptus sp. were sensitive to air pollution. Interpretation: Analysis of results suggested the importance of APTI analysis in a campus for cataloging the pollution tolerant and sensitive plants. The pollution tolerant plants could be used for the green belt formation, while plants, which are sensitive to pollution can be used as an indicator of pollution. Moreover, mapping and compilation of information of trees (deciduous and evergreen) and shrubs growing in the campus helped in documenting the rich flora of the campus with pollution tolerance potential. Key words: Air Pollution, Air Pollution Tolerance Index, Air quality, Trees

CONTENT OF ELEMENTS IN AYURVEDIC MEDICINAL PLANTS ANALYZED BY USING FAAS INSTRUMENTS

In this present study total four different family medicinal plants namely Azadirachta indica, Cascabela thevetia, Ficus benghalensis and Cassia angustifolia leaves parts collected from the different places of Bidar, Kalaburagi & Yadgir districts. By using standard ratio of FAAS instruments, the solution samples for analysis of elements were prepared. Further analysis of the total 7 essential elements like Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As and Pb were done respectively. The Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS) is analytical, or radiation source instrument and it is useful for the quantitative analysis of any materials. The average concentration of elements varied between 0.01 mg/L to 1.7 mg/L in all 4 studied Ayurvedic medicinal plants. Here Mg and Pb concentration found to be in higher range, compared to the other elements. Further all studied elemental content were found to be under the permissible limits of WHO. Results could be useful in study of metabolic, enzymatic and physical activity of the samples and also useful for the new modern medicinal preparations. The variations of elemental concentrations in environmental samples were dependents on earth geological soil formation.

Morphological characterization of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causing fruit rot of papaya and its management using biopesticides

Papaya is an important fruit crop and susceptible to several post-harvest diseases at every stage of its life cycle. Papaya fruit rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a serious postharvest disease that results in significant losses both in storage and on the market. Papaya fruit that was gathered from several Lahore fruit marketplaces was the subject of the studies. Based on physical and cultural traits, diseased papaya fruits were separated and identified. The virus developed mycelial colonies on PDA media that were sparse and creamy white. These colonies ultimately became fluffy and light brown. Sclerotia began to appear after three days of mycelial growth, and after seven days, they were fully visible in the shape of rings or distributed across the mycelial surface of the Petri plate. This allowed for the calculation of the frequency of isolated fungi. It was recorded maximum percentage of S. sclerotiorum (58%) was recorded followed by Alternaria alternata (21.5 %) and Aspergillus niger (10.0 %), while Penicillum spp. was least isolated fungi with a mean value of 5.00%. The assessment of different plant extracts including (Cascabela thevetia, Euphorbia milii, Moringa oleifera, Plumeria rubra, Quisqualis indica, Syzygium aromaticum) was done with Agar Well Diffusion Technique under CRD design. The findings showed that of the medicinal plants that were extracted using methanol and ethanol, Moringa oleifera and Syzygium aromaticum showed significant results at higher concentrations and showed maximum zone of inhibition while Cascabela thevetia was least effective against S. sclerotiorum.

Extraction and Characterization of Natural CASCABELA Thevetia Bast Fibers: A Potential Candidate as Reinforcement in Epoxy Composites

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to explore the potential of CASCABELA thevetia (CT) bast fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites. For this purpose, the extracted fibers were chemically treated with various chemicals such as sodium hydroxide, potassium permanganate, sodium chlorite, and benzoyl chloride. After surface modifications, its physical and mechanical properties, chemical composition, and structure were studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed an increase in crystallinity index of the fibers as compared to untreated fibers with benzoyl chloride treated fibers showing the optimum result which agrees with the results obtained in the mechanical tests. Composites were fabricated by taking various wt.% of benzoyl chloride treated CT fibers in an epoxy matrix (i.e. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt%) and their mechanical and wettability tests were carried out. It was observed that composites with 20 wt% of fiber loading show the highest mechanical properties (52.79 MPa tensile strength, 2.45 GPa Young’s modulus, 71.72 MPa flexural strength). All the fabricated composites showed contact angle less than 90°, which is associated with composite hydrophilic surface properties. These composites can be utilized in lightweight structural material and in automobile industries owing to its better properties.

Investigation of the effect of adding carbon nanotubes, lower and higher level alcohol additives, in Yellow oleander methyl ester-diesel blend on diesel engine performance

ABSTRACT The current study is to determine the overall performance of a compression ignition engine (CI) employing a B30 (30% Yellow Oleander Methyl Ester (YOME) and 70% diesel) sample including nano and alcohol additives. Initially, the surface-modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (at a dosage of 60 mg/L) are sonicated in the B30 blend for 30 mins at 40 kHz and termed B30CNTs60. It was found to be quite stable as evidenced by characterization. The B30CNTs60 blend is then blended with a fixed volume (10%) of n-Butanol, iso-Butanol, and Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC), and referred to as B30CNTs60+n-Butanol10%, B30CNTs60+iso-Butanol10%, and B30CNTs60+DMC 10%. The physicochemical properties of all fuel samples met ASTM criteria and samples were experimented on a 1-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine under varying loads. The results revealed that the B30CNTs60+DMC 10% blend enhanced heat release rate (HRR), cylinder pressure (CP), and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 11.2%, 8.64%, and 11.92%, respectively. Furthermore, with B30CNTs60+DMC 10% blend, the combustion duration, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and smoke opacity were reduced by 10.9%, 15.62%, 18.24%, 18.78%, 8.12%, 6.75%, and 10.92% respectively. Finally, the B30CNTs60+DMC 10% blend was suggested to use in CI engines.

Notes from the Field: Online Weight Loss Supplements Labeled as Tejocote (Crataegus mexicana) Root, Substituted with Yellow Oleander (Cascabela thevetia) - United States, 2022.

Notes from the Field: Online Weight Loss Supplements Labeled as Tejocote (Crataegus mexicana) Root, Substituted with Yellow Oleander (Cascabela thevetia) - United States, 2022.

Measurement of an intestinal biomarker during poisonings from select toxicants and toxins

Introduction Intestinal toxicity can occur following ingestion of various drugs, chemicals, and toxins. Intestinal fatty acid binding protein is a cytosolic protein specific to intestinal epithelial cells released into the systemic circulation following intestinal injury. Understanding intestinal toxicity in poisoning has the potential to explain mechanisms of toxicity and gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods Plasma samples were retrospectively analysed for intestinal fatty acid binding protein in 25 healthy controls and in those poisoned with Gloriosa superba (n = 18), Thevetia peruviana (n = 26), organophosphates (in various solvents) (n = 17), paracetamol (n = 14), glyphosate (n = 20), 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (n = 18) and propanil (n = 19). Results Median peak plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein concentrations were significantly higher in patients poisoned with Gloriosa superba (2,994.1 µg/L; interquartile range 600.0–5,158.2, P < 0.001), Thevetia peruviana (1,292.5 µg/L; interquartile range 760.3 − 2,076.2; P < 0.001), glyphosate (1,803.6 µg/L; interquartile range 225.7–8,927.7; P < 0.001), 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (1,236.2 µg/L; interquartile range 192.6 − 1,709.7; P = 0.010), paracetamol (1,066.5 µg/L; interquartile range 512.9 − 1,336.9; P = 0.035), and organophosphate poisoning (729.8 µg/L; interquartile range 431.5 − 1,588.2; P = 0.046) than in healthy controls (221.6 µg/L; interquartile range 134.8 − 460.1). Median intestinal fatty acid binding protein was not statistically significantly increased compared to controls after propanil poisoning (630.0 µg/L; interquartile range 23.5 − 1,390.3; P = 0.423). Conclusions Our pilot study describes intestinal injury assessed by elevated plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein concentrations following the ingestion of several poisons. This serves as a foundation for further exploration into enterocyte damage in toxicology.

Synthesis and characterization of polymeric composites with Cascabela thevetia incorporated zinc nanoparticles: Food packaging applications

AbstractBackgroundMost food packaging materials are non‐biodegradable and do not protect against microbial growth. In the present study, we have synthesized and characterized environmentally friendly packaging material using nanotechnology.ObjectiveCascabela thevetia incorporated zinc nanoparticles and PVP/KC blended films of various ratios were synthesized using the solvent casting method. The nanoparticles were tested for their physical and chemical properties. The antimicrobial activity of films and an in vivo toxicity studies were performed using Drosophila as a model system.ResultsThe thickness of blend films increases as the concentration of nanoparticles is enhanced. The UV–visible spectra of prepared ZnO nanoparticles exhibited maximum absorbance wavelength (λmax) at 360–380 nm. The nanocomposite films' TS and EB and Y were also increased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis suggested that all the films were homogenous, crack‐free, and possessed continuous bubble‐free surfaces. FT‐IR results showed chemical interaction between PVP/KC and Zinc oxide nanoparticles. Fifth sample showed greater antibacterial activity. A toxicity study showed that the flies survived &gt;92% in all the samples up to 10 days of continuous feeding, which signifies that the material has low toxicity.ConclusionNanocomposite films can be used as antimicrobial food packaging material to enhance the shelf‐life of food.

Phytochemical Studies and Toxicity Evaluation of Selected Medicinal Plants from Sarlahi District, Nepal

Medicinal plants play a vital role in primary health care and the development of herbal drugs at low prices and with fewer side effects. The aim of the present work is focused on the study of antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, phytochemical screening, and estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Achyranthes aspera, Azadirachta indica, Cascabela thevetia, Catharanthus roseus, Clerodendrum indicum, C. infortunatum, Oxalis latifolia, Paederia foetida and Tinospora cordifolia from Sarlahi district, Nepal. Total phenolics and flavonoids were estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods respectively. The antioxidant activity and toxicity were evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and brine shrimp lethality method respectively. Among the plants studied, A. indica contained the highest phenolic content (250.08 ± 0.319 mg GAE.g-1 of dry extract) and O. latifolia showed the highest flavonoid content (112.47 ± 0.07 mg QE.g-1 dry extract). Methanolic extract of the bark of A. indica, the root of Clerodendrum infortunatum, and the stem of C. indicum showed potent in vitro antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 14.84 ± 2.250 µg.mL-1, 23.94 ± 2.245 µg.mL-1, and 29.93 ± 0.993 µg.mL-1 respectively as compared to the standard ascorbic acid with an IC50 value of 9.44 ± 0.902 µg.mL-1. All nine selected medicinal plants showed low toxicity towards the larvae of Artemia salina in dose dependent pattern. The results of this study approve the traditional use of the medicinal plants by the local people.