Yellow Croaker Research Articles

Dietary intake and major food sources of niacin in adults living in South Korea

To estimate niacin intakes and major food sources of Korean adults, three consecutive 24‐hour recalls were collected from 167 healthy adults, aged 20–64y, living in Seoul and metropolitan area, Gumi, and Kwangju, Republic of Korea, during November, 2011 – March, 2012. The mean daily niacin intake was 15.57/5.93 mg NE (mean/SD). There was no significant difference in niacin intake by gender. Foods from animal and plant sources provided 47% and 53%, respectively, of the total niacin intake. The top 10 major dietary sources of niacin were pork, rice, beef, Korean Chinese cabbage kimchi, mandarin, mackerel, rice cake, chicken, yellow croaker, and dried anchovy. As for major dietary sources of niacin, the top 10 foods provided 45% of total niacin intake and the top 30 foods contributed 67% of niacin intake. The Korean adults consuming less the Korean Estimated Average Requirements for niacin was 18% of total subjects and 40% had niacin intakes less than Recommended Nutrient Intakes. Therefore, some of Korean adults in this study had inadequate intake of niacin. Korean adults need to be encouraged to consume niacin‐rich foods such as pork, beef, kimchi, mandarin, and mackerel. Supported by 2012 research fund of National Research Foundation of Korea: 2012R1A1A2A04669745

Rapid Determination of Auramine O in Yellow croaker by Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis

A method was developed for the rapid determination of auramine O in yellow croaker by microchip capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection.Effects of the type and concentration of buffer,separation voltage and injection time on the separation and detection were investigated,and the optimal analysis conditions were obtained in the buffer solution of 5.0 mmol/L lactate(pH=3.29) at the separation voltage of 1.8 kV,where auramine O could be separated and determined within 1.0 min.The linear range of the concentration of auramine O is from 5.0 mg/L to 100.0 mg/L,and the limit of detection is 0.2 mg/kg(S/N=3).The method was used for the analysis of auramine O in the yellow croaker satisfactorily.

Analysis of the volatile flavor compounds in salted-dried fish

To survey salted-dried fishes characteristic flavor substances, the volatile compounds in four traditional salted-dried fishes, namely, karafuto-shishamo(Spirinchus lanceolatus), tigertooth croa- ker(Otolithes rube), little yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena polyactis)and hairtail(Trichiurus haumela)were extracted by solid phase microextraction(SPME) and further analyzed and identified by method of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy(GC-MS). The results showed that the compositions and kinds of vola-tile compounds were different in the four salted-dried fishes. There were 105, 89, 88 and 72 different kinds of volatile compounds with more than 80% matching degree isolated and identified. The contents of major volatile compounds were aldehydes, alcohols, hydrocarbons, which accounted for 49.99%, 53.09%, 60.54%, and 86.18% of the total volatile compounds of the four salted-dried fishes respectively. The major odors of salted-dried fishes were confirmed as fishy, grassy-fatty which were in good agreement with pre-vious investigations. 3-methyl butanal, hexanal, (z)-4-heptenal, heptanal, benzaldehyde, octanal, nonanal, 1-penten-3-ol, 3-methyl butanol, 1-octen-3-ol, heptanol and trimethylamine, were found to be involved in the formation of characteristic flavour.

Simultaneous determination of five yellow dyes in foods by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

A method based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed for simultaneous determination of five yellow industrial dyes. The separations were performed with an Agilent ODS C18 column at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The mobile phase was 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate (containing 0.1% formic acid)-acetonitrile (3:2, v/v). Under the optimized detection conditions, the linear ranges for Chrysoidine G and Basic Yellow 2 were 5.0-80.0 mg/L, and for Acid Orange I, Acid orange Il and Acid Yellow 36 were 10.0-160.0 microg/L. The limits of quantification for Chrysoidine G, Basic Yellow 2, Acid Orange I, Acid Orange II and Acid Yellow 36 were 20, 20, 40, 40 and 40 ng/g, respectively. The relative standard deviations of reproducibility of this method for retention time and peak area were no more than 0.50% and 2.14%, respectively. The method was applied to determine the recoveries of the above five dyes in chicken, bean products and yellow croaker were between 79.8%-95.2% with satisfactory results.

Cryopreservation of Semen in Dead Yellow Croaker, Larimichthys polyactis

Department of Marie Biomaterials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea This study demonstrated that cryopreserved semen from dead fish can be used for seedling production. Yellow croakers, Larimichthys polyactis, were killed and stored at temperatures of 20°C or 0°C for 6 hours. At 2 hour intervals, semen from these fish was collected using abdominal pressure and evaluated for spermatozoa motility and semen cryopreservation. Semen collected after 6 hours from dead fish stored at 0°C could be cryopreserved and attained fertilization and hatching rates of 15.0±1.2% and 14.8±1.6%, respectively. This study suggests that germ cells such as the semen of dead fish can be cryopreserved and utilized in the restoration of a species. Key words: Yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis, Semen, Cryopreservation, Dead fish

수산물 중 penicillin계열 항생제의 분석

A simple, rapid method for determining amoxicillin (AMO) and ampicillin (AMP) in aquatic products (flatfish, salmon, shrimp, tilapia, and yellow croaker) was evaluated. For quantification, the AMO and AMP ions at m/z 348.9 and 105.9, respectively, were selected. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for detecting AMO were 0.09 and <TEX>$0.25\;{\mu}g/L$</TEX>, respectively. The respective values for AMP were 0.02 and <TEX>$0.05\;{\mu}g/L$</TEX>. After <TEX>$100\;{\mu}g/L$</TEX> AMO treatment, the level decreased 10% after 7 days at <TEX>$5^{\circ}C$</TEX>, while it decreased 20% at <TEX>$25^{\circ}C$</TEX>. After 7 days, 94.9.100% of <TEX>$100\;{\mu}g/L$</TEX> AMP remained after storage at <TEX>$5^{\circ}C$</TEX>, while 62.3.100% remained after storage at <TEX>$25^{\circ}C$</TEX>. Using the food code method, the recovery of AMO ranged from 64.1.92.0% and that of AMP from 44.8.86.2%. With a protein centrifugation method, the recovery of AMO ranged from 39.8.87.9% and that of AMP from 78.0.98.1%. With liquid-liquid extraction, the recovery of AMO ranged from 36.5.88.3% and that of AMP from 31.8.75.1%.

트롤 어구에 부착된 쐐기형 해파리 분리배출장치의 성능 연구

In order to describe the performance of a wedge type jellyfish excluder device, a series of fishing experiments was carried out in the coastal areas of Yokji Island, southern Korea in 2009, using a trawl net with a cover net. The body size and weight of each individual (fish or jellyfish) caught in the experimental fishing were measured. In the case of giant jellyfish the bell diameter and weight were measured. The catch species was composed of giant jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai), silver croaker (Pennahia argentata), yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactics), finespotted flounder (Pleuronichthys cornutus), largehead hairtail (Trichiuruslepturus), melon seed (Psenopsisanomala) and so on. The weight ratio and individual ratio of total fish escaped through the outlet of the excluder device were 0.322 and 0.320, respectively. The weight ratios of giant jellyfish excluded from the trawl net ranged from 0.740 to 0.921 (average 0.852/haul). It means that the wedge type jellyfish excluder device performed well and allowed the most of the giant jellyfish to exclude through the trawl net. The approximately 70% of fish entered in trawl net was caught. The wedge type excluder device needs some improvements to minimize the fish escape from the trawl nets in the future.

Levels and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in marine fishes from Chinese coastal waters

Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in yellow croakers ( Pseudosciaena crocea) and silver pomfrets ( Pampus argenteus) collected from nine coastal cities along the eastern China coastline were investigated. PBDE congeners with mono- to hexa-brominated substitutions were detected in the samples, indicating their ubiquitous distribution in the marine environment of China. The total PBDE concentration averaged 3.04 ng g −1 lipid wt, a level that was relatively lower than in other regions of the world, especially North America where Penta-BDE was extensively used. Geographically, the highest concentration of PBDEs was found in Xiamen, and the PBDE levels in yellow croakers were significantly higher than those in pomfrets in most of the selected cities, a pattern which may be related to the different feeding habits of the two species. The congener profiles of PBDEs were found to be different from the commonly detected pattern in fishes from other regions of the world (i.e., BDE47 > BDE99, BDE100 > BDE153, BDE154). BDE47 and BDE154 were the predominant congeners in both species, accounting for more than 60% of the total PBDE concentrations. The reasons for the relatively high proportion of BDE154 may be due to the debromination of higher brominated congeners such as BDE183 and BDE209 by these two species.

Metabolite Changes of Cage-farming Pseudosciaena crocea during Recovery Process after Typhoon

Abstract Sera from yellow croaker ( Pseudosciaena crocea ), which were collected from the cage-farming area of Xiangshan Bay in China during recovery process after the super typhoon “Krosa,” were studied by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) using electron spraying ionization with positive and negative modes, in an effort to find potential metabolic biomarkers and reveal their physiological changes. After the UPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (O-PLS-DA) were achieved using SIMCA-P for marker selection and identification. According to the data, the main biomarkers were identified as phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine. The others were characterized as cortol and taurocholate. In the whole half a month period of the study, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine with higher unsaturated acyl chains ( n > 9) and taurocholate showed time-dependent increasing trends, whereas phosphatidylcholine with lower unsaturated acyl chains ( n Pseudosciaena crocea during recovery process after typhoon

Mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls in Asian market fish: A response to results from mercury biomonitoring in New York City

In 2004, the New York City (NYC) Health and Nutrition Examination Survey measured the highest blood mercury levels in Asian and foreign-born Chinese demographic groups. Fish consumption was the strongest predictor of exposure. The survey did not inquire about consumption of individual species, and subsequent visits to fish markets serving the Asian community suggested that many popular species lack contaminant data. Our objective was to supplement existing information on contaminants in commercial fish by collecting data on species present in markets serving the Asian community. We measured total mercury and the sum of 101 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in 282 individual specimens of 19 species or products from retail fish markets in Chinese neighborhoods in NYC. Species were selected based on their volume in the market, and an absence or insufficiency of national data on mercury levels. PCBs were measured because they are also contaminants of concern. All measurements were made on a wet weight basis on whole fillets (with skin) or products (drained of liquid). Mean mercury levels ranged from below the limit of detection (0.004 μg/g) in tilapia to 0.229 μg/g in tilefish. The highest mercury level (1.150 μg/g) was measured in a tilefish specimen, and mercury levels in tilefish increased with the specimen size. Mean PCB levels ranged from 1 ng/g in red snapper to 98 ng/g in buffalo carp. The highest PCB levels were measured in a buffalo carp (469 ng/g) and a yellow croaker (495 ng/g). Species-specific differences in PCB levels accounted for only 6.3% of total variability, in contrast with 39.2% for mercury. Although we did not measure high mean mercury levels in the species we sampled, frequent consumption of fish with low to moderate levels can also elevate blood mercury. The data we collected can be used to guide fish consumption in Asian communities. However, risk-benefit trade-offs also need to be considered.

Human health risk of chlorobenzenes associated with seafood consumption in Korea

Concentrations of seven chlorobenzene isomers were measured in 26 types of seafood commonly consumed by the Korean population. Concentrations of total chlorobenzenes (ΣCLBz) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in seafood ranged from 5.8 to 573 pg/g wet weight and from 3.2 to 449 pg/g wet weight, respectively. Overall isomer profiles of ΣCLBz were characterized by high proportion with increasing chlorine numbers. Dietary intakes of ΣCLBz by seafood consumption for the general population, males and females were estimated to be 146, 162 and 128 pg/kg body weight/day, respectively. Mackerel, yellow croaker and hairtail contributed to the highest dietary intakes of ΣCLBz. Among the eight age groups investigated, children of aged <2 years and 3–6 years had higher dietary exposure to ΣCLBz. Hazard ratios of cancer and non-cancer risk for HCB exposure were less than one, indicating that there has no a potential health risk by seafood consumption in Korea.

Study on the contamination level and intake of organotins of Chinese dietary

To obtain the baseline data of organotins' pollution of Chinese meal in order to carry on primary danger analysis of the exposure. The samples of the third Chinese total diet study were determined by gas-chromatography pulsed flame photometric detector to estimate dietary intake of organotins. The dietary intake of organotins was estimated according to the contamination level of organotins and food consumption. Only several kinds of organotin were founded in several foods and no organotins was found in fruit, sugar and alcoholic beverages. Dimethyltin (DMT) were detected in some samples from Southern 1 area, the content ranged from 1.5 microg/kg to 4.1 microg/kg. Butyltin compounds existed in seafoods from Southern 1 area, the contents of tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MTB) being 0.9 microg/kg, 1.1 microg/kg, 1.4 microg/kg respectively. The lower limit and upper limit of exposure to tributyltin were from 0.003 microg x kg(-1) x d(-1) to 0.006 microg x kg(-1) x d(-1) and from 0.004 microg x kg(-1) x d(-1) to 0.019 microg x kg(-1) x d(-1) respectively. Comparing to ADI of tributyltin (WHO), the Chinese dietary intake of tributyltin only accounted for 2.5% and that of butyltin only accounted for 3.5%. To identify the contamination source of organotins in Southern 1 area, the individual samples of aquatic food from individual province were analyzed, revealing that Fujian province and Shanghai City were the main contributors of organotins pollution in this area. The belt fish and yellow croaker were typical pollution samples. Higher levels of DMT were detected in seafood samples from Shanghai. The exposure level of Chinese dietary was relative low, however the sources of organotin pollution needs further investigation.

Twelve novel polymorphic microsatellites in a marine fish species, yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis

AbstractWe isolated 12 polymorphic microsatellites from an important marine food fish Larimichthys polyactis and characterized them in 32 unrelated individuals. Among the 12 microsatellites, four were tetranucleotide repeats and eight were dinucleotide repeats. The allele number ranged from five to 25 with an average of 15.4/locus; average expected heterozygosity was 0.81, ranging from 0.57 to 0.95, whereas the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.34 to 1.00 (average: 0.78). Nine of the 12 markers conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and showed no sign of linkage. These microsatellites will be useful for population genetic studies and selective breeding programs of this species.

N-Nitrosamine Concentrations in Fish Distributed in a Domestic Market

In order to provide data on N-nitrosamine (NA) and sanitation in fish available in domestic markets, this study analyzed the levels of NA and its precursors in 9 samples of sea breams and yellow croakers, 12 samples of red-flesh fish, 38 samples of white fish, 5 samples of Alaska pollacks and cod, and 8 species of imported fish. Sea breams and yellow croakers had nitrite concentrations ranging from non-detectable (ND) to 7.4 mg/kg, red fish ND to 5.3 mg/kg, white fish ND to 18.7 mg/kg, Alaska pollacks 0.3 to 2.2 mg/kg, and imported fish from 0.4 to 12.8 mg/kg. Nitrates in sea breams and yellow croakers ranged from 1.2 to 41.19 mg/kg, red fish 0.6 to 26.1 mg/kg, white fish 4.3 to 75.9 mg/kg, Alaska pollacks 0.4 to 3.1 mg/kg, and imported fish ND to 16.0 mg/kg. DMA concentrations were 69.8 to 219.9 mg/100 g in sea breams and yellow croakers, 4.1 to 336.3 mg/100 g in red fish, 1.3 to 331.9 mg/100 g in white fish, 15.7 to 312.3 mg/100 g in Alaska pollacks, and 1.0 to 71.8 mg/100 g in imported fish. TMA concentrations in sea breams and yellow croakers, red fish, white fish, Alaska pollacks and imported fish were 43.8～496.2, 12.3～127.0, 2.0～525.9, 15.4～122.4, and 4～70.6 mg/100 g, respectively. For NA in fish distributed in local markets, only N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was detected, and its concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 73.7 ㎍/kg in sea breams and yellow croakers, 2.2 to 56.5 ㎍/kg in red fish, ND to 143 ㎍/kg in white fish, 3.8 to 33.3 ㎍/kg in Alaska pollacks, and 2.1 to 102.2 ㎍/kg in imported fish.

어육의 배소에 의한 지질산화에 관한 연구 -IV. 백색육어의 배소 및 재가열에 의한 heme 화합물의 변화-

백색육어를 배소한 경우와 배소한 시료를 저온에 저장 후, 단계적으로 가열처리했을 때 일어나는 산화에 의한 heme 화합물의 변화를 조사하였다. Heme 화합물 중 myoglobin 함량은 각시가자미나 조기 모두 180<TEX>$^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 20분간 어피 제거육의 상태로 배소한 것이 상대적으로 감소폭이 컸으며 가열, 재가열에 의해서도 감소하는 경향이었다. Myoglobin의 감소 추세에 따라 metmyoglobin 함량은 역으로 점차 증가하는 경향이었으며, 배소온도가 낮을수록 또한 어피를 제거함으로써 생성된 metmyoglobin의 함량이 높았다. 총철 함량은 배소온도와 시간을 달리하여 처리하여도 두 어종 모두 생시료와는 함량 차이가 거의 없었다. 비 heme 철은 각시가자미의 경우 생시료에는 총철함량에 대해 약 <TEX>$20\%$</TEX> 정도 함유되어 있었으나, 180<TEX>$^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 20분간 어피 제거육의 상태로 배소했을 경우 생시료에 비해 약 2배 정도 증가하였다. 조기는 생시료에는 건물당으로 약 0.8mg/100g 함유되어 있었으나 배소, 가열 및 재가열과 같은 반복되는 가열과정에 의해 증가하였다. Heme 철 함량은 각시가자미와 조기 모두 비 heme 철의 증가에 반비례해서 감소하였으며 또한 배소시간이 길수록 그리고 어피 잔존육보다는 어피 제거육의 감소폭이 더 컸다. To determine changes of heme compounds on lipid oxidation during repeat heating in white muscled fish (yellowfin sole and yellow croaker), myoglobin, metmyoglobin, total iron, nonheme iron and heme iron contents were analysed. Myoglobin content was decreased in the step of repeat heating. Especially, it was decreased the most rapidly roasted at 180<TEX>$^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 20 min in fillet samples. The skinless fillet roasted at the lower temperature resulted in the higher level of metmyoglobin associated with the reduced myoglobin. Regardless of roasted temperature and time, total iron content was not change in contrast of raw meat throughout processing. Nonheme iron content was increased, but heme iron content was decreased during roasted, heated and reheated.