Yellow Corolla Research Articles

A new species of northeastern Brazilian endemic genus Harpochilus (Acanthaceae)

A new species, Harpochilus paraibanus (Acanthaceae), is described from the semiarid region of Paraiba State, Brazil. The species is characterized mainly by having cylindrical branches and pale yellow corollas. Only nine individuals of this new species were encountered in the study area, resulting in its classification as endangered (EN) according to IUCN criteria.

<em>Gentianella canoi</em> S.J.Castillo & J.S.Pringle sp. nov. (<em>Gentianaceae</em>), a new species from Peru

A new species of Gentianella (Gentianaceae) is described from the flora of Peru. Gentianella canoi S.J.Castillo & J.S.Pringle sp. nov., which inhabits high Andean rocky slopes of the Department of Ancash. This new species is related to G. gilgiana (Reimers) Fabris ex J.S.Pringle and G. tristicha (Gilg) J.S.Pringle, with which it shares a caespitose habit, numerous very narrow basal leaves, floriferous stems more than 20 cm high, and widely open corollas. It is differentiated from G. gilgiana mainly by its inflorescences, with 5–11 flowers —vs. 2 or 3—, and corollas 21–28 mm long —vs. 45–55 mm—; from G. tristicha in its opposite leaves —vs. verticillated—; and of both species in their pale yellow corollas —vs. red vermillion in G. gilgiana, lilac in G. tristicha— and in the absence of trichomes in the adaxial surface of the corolla.

Lysimachia rupestris F. H. Chen & C. M. Hu (Primulaceae): a new record for the flora of Vietnam and reconsideration of its taxonomical position

Lysimachia rupestris F. H. Chen & C. M. Hu is reported for the first time in Vietnam, in Cat Ba National Park. The supplemental description of its floral characters is applied. It has glabrous yellow corollas divided near to base, and stamens with short filaments connate basally into a ring and basifixed anthers opening by apical pores. The systematic position of L. rupestris F. H. Chen & C. M. Hu and its closely related species is also discussed.

Adenocalymma cauliflorum (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae), a New Cauliflorous Species from the Atlantic Forest of Eastern Brazil

Abstract Cauliflory is an unusual condition that evolved multiple times in the plant family Bignoniaceae and is found in three of the eight tribal-level clades that are recognized in the family (i.e. tribe Bignonieae, Paleotropical clade, and Tabebuia Alliance). We found a new cauliflorous species of Bignoniaceae during fieldwork in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil conducted as part of ongoing taxonomic and phylogenetic studies in Adenocalymma (tribe Bignonieae). This new species is here described as Adenocalymma cauliflorum. The new taxon resembles A. macrophyllum in the cauliflorous habit and A. cinereum in the yellow and tubular corolla, with anthers and stigma exserted. Here, we present a detailed description for Adenocalymma cauliflorum, an illustration, and information on its habitat, phenology, distribution and extinction risk. A key for the cauliflorous species of Adenocalymma is also presented.

Mucuna laticifera, a new species from north-eastern India

Mucuna laticifera, a new species of Fabaceae from Sikkim state of India is described and illustrated here. It can be distinguished from its closely related species by the presence of a watery latex, uniformly green to pale yellow corolla, glabrous standard and wings and parallel pod margins.

A new species of Scutellaria (Scutellarioideae, Lamiaceae) from Sichuan Province in southwest China.

Scutellaria wuana, a new species discovered from a xeric valley in Muli County of Sichuan Province in southwest China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, the new species shares similarities with S. mairei, but can be readily distinguished by a suite of morphological characters including a white-pubescent erect stem, conspicuous leaf petioles, and a yellow corolla with a trapeziform lower-middle lip lobe. The habitat and distribution of S. wuana are also distinctive. The position of the new species within Scutellaria is examined in a phylogenetic context using the nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacers. Additionally, we examine leaf epidermal and pollen grain micromorphology of the new species and putative relatives.

Nymphoides aurantiaca (Dalzell) Kuntze, a new record of family Menyanthaceae for the flora of Vietnam

The newly recorded species, Nymphoides aurantiaca (Dalzell) Kuntze belonging to family Menyanthaceae, was discovered at some wetland areas in Lò Gò–Xa Mát National Park (Tân Biên, Tây Ninh). This species was found for the first time in 2003 during a research on wetland biodiversity and conservation funded by Tây Ninh Province’s Department of Science and Technology. Special morphological characteristics of the species include floating leaf blades, deeply cordate at base; flowers usually two per node; five dark yellow corollas with fimbriately toothed margins. This aquatic species inhabits standing water bodies such as shallow ponds, flooded lowlands with water depth of 20-40 cm, low turbidity and slightly acidic with pH values ranging from 5.4 to 6.0. The phylogenetic affinity between N. aurantiaca and other Nymphoides species was established based on matK sequence of chloroplast DNA.

Chionanthus chrysopetalus (Oleaceae), a New Species from Peru

Chionanthus is a genus from the plant family Oleaceae that is characterized by the presence of small calyces, 4-lobed corollas with petals arranged in pairs and held together by the filament bases, less commonly with a very short tube, two stamens in most species, and drupaceous fruits. As part of ongoing taxonomic studies of the Neotropical Oleaceae, we detected an undescribed species from Peru, that is here described and illustrated. Chionanthus chrysopetalus Cornejo ex Lombardi resembles C. implicatus and C. compactus, two species from northwestern South America, by the elliptic leaves. However, C. chrysopetalus can be separated by both taxa by the hispidulous indument, and yellow corollas, unusual features within the genus. In this study, I present a detailed description for the new taxon, notes on the phenology, geographic distribution, habitat, conservation status, and etymology.

Flora of Nam Kading National Protected Area I: a new species of yellow-flowered Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae), S. namkadingensis

A new species of Acanthaceae, Strobilanthes namkadingensis Soulad. & Tagane from Nam Kading National Protected Area, Bolikhamxay Province, central Laos, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by long spicate inflorescences consisting of 6-32 flowers, yellow corolla, the absence of long white hairs on the bracts and 4–6 seeds per capsule. Three DNA barcode regions of the partial genes for the large sub-unit ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (rbcL) and maturase K (matK) and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) are also provided.

Lysimachia sinopilosa (Primulaceae), a New Species from Yunnan, China

Lysimachia sinopilosa C.M. Hu & G. Hao sp. nova (Primulaceae) is described from Yunnan, China, and illustrated. In general morphology it resembles the species in Lysimachia subgen. Idiophyton, which are characterized by a yellow corolla, and an anther longer than filament, basifixed and opening by an apical pore. Lysimachia sinopilosa is most similar to L. pilosa, but can be distinguished by its purple indumentum on stems, petioles, peduncles and adaxial surface of leaves, by its leaf blades with a sub-rounded or obtuse base, and by its smaller flowers.

A new species of Mimulopsis (Acanthaceae) from Rwanda and Burundi

A new species, Mimulopsis champluvierae, from Rwanda and Burundi is described. It differs from M. solmsii in the linear bracts with revolute margin, the long violet glandular hairs on the whole inflorescence including bracts and calyx, the two bracteoles that are at least half as long as the sepals, the linear sepals, the yellow corolla with purplish patterning, the capitate stigma, and the ovary with only a few hairs at the apex. The plietesial life history of M. champluvierae and M. arborescens is described. The typical M. solmsii and M. excellens show no pronounced mass-flowering, and single inflorescences are present almost every year.

A new species of Besleria (Gesneriaceae) from the western Amazon rainforest

Besleria iara, a new species from the western Amazon lowland rainforest in Brazil and Peru, is described and illustrated. Data are provided on the species’ ecology, distribution, and conservation status. This species is a shrub, with hirsute indumentum covering almost the whole plant, orange calyx, and yellow tubular-ventricose corolla. It was found growing in the understory of humid terra firme forest, along the margin of small streams.

Lysimachia kraduengensis (Primulaceae), a new species from northeastern Thailand

A new species of Primulaceae from Thailand, Lysimachia kraduengensis, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to L. engleri, L. lancifolia, L. laxa and L. sikokiana in having solitary and axillary flowers, a yellow corolla, relatively long pedicels and basifixed anthers. The new species can be distinguished by the combination of its height, leaf texture, petiole, calyx and anther length, and brown coloration on the flowers. In addition, the conservation status, an updated key to Lysimachia species in Thailand, and discussion of the systematic placement of the new species based on the trnL-F marker of chloroplast DNA are provided.

Floral biology of Sesbania virgata: an invasive species in the Agreste of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil

Abstract Although reproduction seems to play an important role in the successful invasive strategy of Sesbania virgata, its floral biology is poorly known. We aimed at filling this gap by studying the floral biology of a population of S. virgata in the Agreste of Brazil. Sesbania virgata is a shrub that bears racemose inflorescences. Its flowers are zygomorphic, pedunculate, hermaphrodite, and have a pale yellow corolla, diadelphous androecium, anthers with longitudinal dehiscence, and inconspicuous stigma. S. virgata flowers display three different types of petals: banner (11.92 mm), wing (8.27 mm), and keel (9.3 mm). The flowering peak occurred from November to January. The average number of pollen grains per flower was 22,918, with a pollen viability of 99.93%. Its anthesis is diurnal and asynchronous. Although S. virgata is autogamous, its pollen/ovule ratio suggests that this plant has a mixed reproductive system (xenogamy + autogamy). Continuous flowering, flower morphology, and specialized breeding system are essential to assure the reproductive success of this species in the studied habitat. Sesbania virgata is a food source for flower visitors, due to its continuous flowering and large population. Therefore, it has an effective reproductive strategy that assures its invasion success.

Evolvulus flavus sp. nov. (Convolvulaceae) from the Brazilian Caatinga

Evolvulus flavus is a new species of Convolvulaceae found in the semiarid region of Paraíba State, Brazil. It is characterized by flowers with a yellow corolla and 4‐locular ovary. Illustrations and taxonomic notes are presented. Only four individuals of this new species have been located, resulting in its classification as ‘Endangered’ (EN) in accordance with the IUCN criteria.

Rehmannia chrysantha (Rehmanniaceae), a new species from Inner Mongolia, northern China

Rehmannia chrysantha M. H. Li & C. H. Zhang, a new species from the Jiufeng Mountains in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in northern China, is here described and illustrated. This species is morphologically similar to Rehmannia glutinosa, but differs by the yellow corolla, green or light green calyx and short stem. Additionally, the leaves of R. chrysantha are abaxially green, while the leaves of R. glutionsa are abaxially purple or mauve. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using three DNA loci (ITS, rps16, and trnL–F) support the delimitation of this newly described species.

Pollination biology and breeding system of syntopic Adenocalymma nodosum and A. peregrinum (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) in the Brazilian savanna

The tropical Bignoniaceae is mostly late-acting self-incompatible (LSI) and depends on a guild of medium to large sized bees for their pollination. Adenocalymma nodosum and A. peregrinum are syntopic shrubs in savanna areas with similar flowers and flowering overlap. In this sense, the aims of the present study were to analyse the pollination biology and breeding systems of these species, and to check for bilateral compatibility which could hinder reproductive isolation and species boundaries. Flower features such as yellow corolla, sweet scent and diurnal one-day anthesis were similar between species. However, they differed in nectar production patterns, which showed higher volume in A. nodosum and was irregular in A. peregrinum. The main pollinators for both species were medium to large Centridini bees. Many nectar and pollen robbers may disturb effective pollination and help to explain the low natural fruit-set. The species were self-sterile but pollen tube growth down to the ovules and differential ovary development indicated LSI, as in most Bignoniaceae studied to date, which reinforce the idea of family clustering for this self-incompatibility system. Fruit-set from interspecific hand pollinations was similar to those of intraspecific cross-pollinations, with high seed viability (88%) and seedling development. Similar floral biology and guild of pollinators, and bilateral inter-compatibility indicate that natural hybridization is possible among these species.

Camellia luteopallida(Theaceae), a New Species from Vietnam

Camellia luteopallida Luong, T.Q.T. Nguyen & Luu (Theaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Central Highlands, southern Vietnam. It is morphologically distinct in having a distinctly pale yellow corolla with basally light orange tinted petals, terminal, solitary (rarely 2) and upright flowers, spirally arranged and densely hairy perules and petals, 3 densely hairy connate styles, and a 3-carpellate and glabrous ovary. Morphological data suggest its placement in sect. Dalatia.

The inheritance of the yellow color in the safflower Carthamus tinctorius L.

The safflower Carthamus tinctorius L. is a minor crop with poorly studied genetics. Four types of the corolla color are distinguished—red, orange, yellow, and white. Since the data on color inheritance are incomplete and contradictory, we have studied the inheritance of the yellow color in the safflower. The work was conducted in 2009–2013 and involved 11 accessions with red, orange, yellow, and white corollas. The accessions have been produced by self-pollination for several years. The progenies obtained by controlled and open pollinations were used in genetic analysis. Two emasculation techniques were used in artificial pollination: an Indian mass-emasculation technique with polythene bags and our own pollen washout technique. The data are statistically processed using the χ2 test. Several types of yellow color inheritance are observed. The crosses of a yellow-corolla plant to a plant with some other color yield yellow-corolla F1 progenies. The segregation in F2 gives all four colors, with the yellow variant being the most abundant. However, when the corolla of the parental plants is colored other than yellow, F2 in some cases contains fewer yellow-corolla plants, while other corolla colors are prevalent. The dominant gene determining the yellow color is designated as C (Chrome). The recessive allele of this gene permits the development of other corolla colors.

Interallelic interactions genes’ tipes in inheritance of corolla colour of safflower

Safflower is a minor oilseed crop. It has red, orange, yellow and white flowers which colouring agents used to be natural colour source. Nowadays there is no agreement between researchers about inheritance of corolla colour in safflower. Our aim was to find out interactions character of genes in generating corolla colour. The experiments were held in 2009–2015 with 13 samples of IOC NAAS collection. 2 monohybrid, 11 dihybrid and 2 trihybrid crosses were analysed. It was shown the genes coding corolla colour of safflower form interactions such as: 1) genes O and R interact complementarily forming new sign of orange corolla colour with individual manifestation of each of them of yellow and red colour accordingly; 2) gene C forms dominant epistatic interactions with genes O and R with individual manifestation of yellow corolla colour; 3) gene Y forms recessive epistatic interactions with genes O, R and C without individual manifestation. Recessive homozygote in it makes white corolla colour. Refs 17. Tables 3.