Intense Yellow Color Research Articles

Influence of process variables on the drum drying of mango pulp

ABSTRACTResponse surface methodology was used to evaluate the best process conditions in the drum drying of mango pulp regarding the physicochemical properties and nutrients content. The independent variables in the central composite rotatable design were: temperature (119–151°C) and residence time (9–41 s), while the concentrations of process additives used were: 3% corn starch and 0.5% glyceryl monostearate. Mathematical models for moisture content, total carotenoid content, and color parameters of the reconstituted pulp (a*, Hue, and ΔE) were obtained. The optimized conditions were combinations of residence time between 10 and 25 s, and temperature from 120 to 135°C, in which the flakes showed moisture content ranging from 2 to 5%, besides a more intense yellow color and total carotenoid retention between 90 and 96%.

Replacing soybean oil with increasing levels of soybean acid oil in diets of coturnix quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) and the effects on egg quality

The effects of increasing levels of soybean acid oil in diets of quails on the quality of eggs were evaluated over a period of 56 days. A completely randomized design with five treatment levels of soybean acid oil (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%) as a replacer for soybean oil and eight replicates of two quails each were used. A total of 240 fresh eggs were used for quality analysis, and 400 eggs were stored at 23ºC over a period of 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days for analysis of shelf-life. Polynomial regression and ANOVA with repeated measurements and Tukey´s tests were used. Soybean acid oil linearly increased the intensity of red (a* = -5.26 + 0.14 x, R2 = 0.89, P = 0.01) and yellow (b* = 42.32 + 0.44 x, R2 = 0.88 P = 0.01). All other variables of egg quality were not affected by the treatments, with the exception of sensory attributes, such as odor and aftertaste, which were more pronounced with soybean acid oil. In conclusion, soybean acid oil affects the intensity of yellow and red color of the yolk. Trained assessors detected differences in odor and aftertaste of eggs when soybean acid oil was included in the quail diet.

Carotenoids and colour diversity of traditional and emerging Tunisian orange cultivars ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck)

Abstract Citrus are among the most cultivated fruit crops worldwide and occupy a paramount importance in the Tunisian agricultural sector being one of the strategic products. Despite of that, little is known about the quality parameters of Tunisian sweet oranges and some cultivars have not been characterized yet. This work aims to study the coloration diversity of twenty-five Tunisian grown oranges by analyzing their total and individual carotenoids content and the relationship with CIELab color coordinates. Experimental results proved large diversity in the carotenoid composition of the studied juices. Maltaise demi-sanguine cultivar was distinguished from the rest due to its high content of ζ-carotene, lutein and total carotenoids. An unusual lycopene accumulation was detected in the juice of Meski Ahmer. The Tunisian grown Washington Navel cultivar ranked within the rich-carotenoids juices. In addition, significant negative correlations were found between lightness parameters (L*) and Hue angle (H) while they were positively related with redness attributes (a*). Furthermore, (all-E)-violaxanthin and ζ-carotene were both significantly correlated to yellow color intensity index (b*) while zeaxanthin and lutein were positively related to Chroma (C*) and (b*) indices. These findings are of interest since the carotenoids content and composition are directly related to color and citrus juice quality. The results obtained could be part in a selection program-guide of Tunisian cultivars and help to understand the physiological and biochemical bases of sweet orange coloration.

Particle size characteristics of buriti oil microcapsules produced by gelatin-sodium alginate complex coacervation: Effect of stirring speed

ABSTRACTThe influence of hydrodynamic conditions in the coacervation medium of the carotenoid-rich buriti oil using gelatin-alginate as wall materials was investigated. The stirring speed had strong influence on the size of the microcapsules, and Reynolds number higher than 70000 resulted in particle size D[4,3] lower than 200 μm. The carotenoid encapsulation efficiency was around 80%, with freeze-dried particles presenting intense yellow color. Although the size of the microparticles was highly dependent on the hydrodynamic conditions during coacervate formation, complex coacervation of gelatin and sodium alginate showed to be a feasible process to producing buriti oil microcapsules.

Acceptability of beehive products as ingredients in quinoa bars.

The aim of this work was to develop a puffed quinoa bar with beehive products of high content of phenolic compounds, based on acceptability and perception of consumers. A rotational central composite design of three variables (honey, pollen and propolis) was used for food product formulation. The responses to optimize were sensorial acceptability and polyphenol content. Next to acceptability a check-all-that-apply (CATA) test was performed with 115 consumers. Preference maps were used to relate acceptability and sensorial attributes of bars that cause rejection or acceptance. The experimental design determined that pollen and propolis significantly increased phenolic content but decreased acceptability of formulations. Preference maps established that attributes like astringency, bitter flavor, pungency and intense yellow color were associated with the low acceptability while attributes of sweetness and weak astringency were related to high acceptance of products. Range of polyphenol content determined in the widely accepted formulations was 2.15-2.91 g kg-1 , significantly higher than commercial products. The incorporation of beehive products, in quinoa bars, increased the total polyphenol content and the functional properties, but at the same time reduced the consumer acceptability. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Development of a paper-based approach for the detection of carbonyl compounds in indoor air samples

This study contributes to the development of a method to measure the level of airborne carbonyl compounds. Carbonyl compounds (CC) are very common indoor air pollutants which are widely used in building and home furnishing industries. Most CC off-gas or vaporize even at normal room temperatures, which results in an increase in the indoor volatile organic carbon levels. Acute and chronic exposure to formaldehyde can result in respiratory symptoms and eye, nose, and throat irritation in humans. Because of these adverse health effects and the increased levels of CC in indoor air and residential areas, there has been a considerable attention toward the development of sensitive methods to monitor indoor CC levels. Most methods available for monitoring indoor CC levels are indirect and time consuming. This paper describes a novel, portable, on site, low-cost and green method for regular monitoring of CC in air. In this method, the derivatization reagent, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) was used to capture the airborne CC. Formaldehyde was used as the CC for this study. A novel paper-based platform soaked with 2,4 DNPH was used for the quantification of air born CC. Derivatives of CC were formed on a paper-based platform which were then directly analyzed using FTIR or an image scanner. The FTIR response for the carbonyl derivatives, which correlates with the levels of airborne CC, was used to quantify the levels of airborne CC. The same was scanned using a high resolution image scanner to obtain the RGB values and the yellow color intensity was calculated. Based on the RGB values, the produced yellow color intensity and the levels of CC produced a linear relationship. The use of an image scanner to quantify the levels of CC makes this method a portable, sensitive and on-site CC detection method. This newly developed paperbased FTIR method is agreeable with the stranded HPLC method at 95% confidence limit.

The table grape 'Victoria' with a long shaped berry: a potential mutation with attractive characteristics for consumers.

Puglia is the most important region in Italy for table grape production. Since consumers look for new products, the number of table grape varieties has greatly increased in recent years. In a survey in the Puglia region, we identified several years ago a potential mutation of the cv. Victoria. We described this accession in comparison with the standard Victoria for some amphelographic traits. All the characteristics were very similar to the standard Victoria except for the berry shape, which was significantly more elongated. Moreover, the berry of the mutated Victoria showed higher firmness, lightness and chroma than the standard one, with a more intense yellow colour of the skin (appreciated by consumers). The molecular characterisation with 25 SSR markers showed that normal and mutant Victoria were genetically identical at all the analysed loci, thus suggesting that the two accessions could be considered as clones with the difference in berry shape probably due to a somatic mutation. This mutation of the cv. Victoria may have interesting perspective for the market since consumers are always attracted by different shape and colour of the fruits (consumers buy with eyes). This accession can be an alternative clone of the already known standard Victoria. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

CHARACTERIZATION AND INFLUENCE OF SUBTROPICAL PERSIMMON CULTIVARS ON JUICE AND JELLY CHARACTERISTICS.

To increase the availability to consumers and add more value to persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.), which is a very perishable and seasonal fruit and in order to identify which cultivars grown in subtropical regions are more suitable for processing in the form of juice and jelly, as well as understand what the consumer profile is for these products, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different persimmon cultivars (Rama Forte, Mel, Guiombo and Taubaté) grown in subtropical regions of Brazil on the physicochemical characteristics, rheological properties and sensory acceptance of the resulting juice and jelly in order to identify cultivars with the greatest potential for industrial use. The different studied persimmon cultivars had different physical and physicochemical characteristics which resulted in juices and jellies with different physicochemical, rheological and sensory characteristics. Based on sensory acceptance and productivity/adaptability of persimmon crop in Brazil, the most suitable persimmon cultivars for processing are Rama Forte and Guiombo. In this study it was found that the consumer prefers a more acidic persimmon juice and a less firm or softer, less sweet, clearer and more intense yellow color persimmon jelly.

Enhanced Near Infrared Reflectance with Brilliant Yellow Hues in Scheelite Type Solid Solutions, (LiLaZn)1/3MoO4–BiVO4 for Energy Saving Products

Enhanced near infrared (NIR) solar reflectance with interesting yellow hues in a new series of scheelite type solid solutions, [(LiLaZn)x/3Bi1–x][MoxV1–x]O4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) were synthesized via conventional solid state reaction (SSR) method and planetary ball milling assisted solid state reaction (PBM) method. The structural, morphology, and reflectance (absorption) properties and coloring performance of the prepared compositions were analyzed by various advanced techniques. The solid solutions undergo a phase transformation from a monoclinic to a tetragonal phase. The compounds exhibit strong absorption in the UV and blue regions of the visible spectrum displaying high NIR reflecting intense yellow shades ranging from reddish to greenish. The yellow hue and NIR reflectance is enhanced by the morphological modifications through PBM method. Typically, the pigment [(LiLaZn)0.099Bi0.7][Mo0.3V0.7]O4 displayed intense yellow color (b* = 86.63) with NIR reflectance of 95% much better values than the...

Effectiveness of the Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel Extract as the Colorant, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial on Beef Sausage

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel extracts addition on beef sausages. Red dragon fruit peel extracts were obtained by maceration using solvent at pH 5. Phytochemical characteristics, total phenols, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of the peel extracts were observed. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were associated with high phytochemical compounds and total phenols contained in the extracts. Red dragon fruit peel extracts with various percentages (0%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) were added on beef sausages, and their physicochemical characteristics, nutrients, antioxidant activity, and microbiological profile were analyzed. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test. Results showed that the addition of red dragon fruit peel extracts significantly reduced texture values, but increased intensity of luminosity, intensity of red color, and intensity of yellow color (P<0.05) beef sausages. It could be concluded that red dragon fruit peel extract containing phytochemical compounds was effective as an antibacterial agent and natural antioxidant. The addition of red dragon fruit peel extracts was effective in increasing the antioxidant activity and decreasing TBARS values. The addition of red dragon fruit peel extract did not affect the reddish colorization of beef sausages, but it was capable of increasing the yellowish colorization on beef sausage.

SYNTHESIS OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY (Bi, Ca, Zn)VO4 INORGANIC YELLOW PIGMENTS

In this paper, the synthesis of scheelite based environmentally friendly inorganic yellow pigments was presented. The pigments of Bi1-x-yCaxZnyVO4-(x+y)/2 (x = 0.1 ÷ 0.9, y = 0.1 ÷ 0.9) have been prepared by the evaporation to dryness from BiONO3, Ca(NO3)2.4H2O, Zn(NO3)2.6H2O and NH4VO3. The obtained powders were characterized by Thermal Analysis (TG-DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and CIE L*a*b* colour measurement. The results showed that the pigments calcinated at 650oC for 6 hours with the heating rate of 5oC.min-1 possessed single phase of scheelite with good crystallinity. The yellow colour intensity was a function of the amount of calcium (II) and zinc (II) ions. The colour of Bi0.70Zn0.30VO3.85 sample was similar to the lemon yellow PbCrO4 (BASF1522) pigment made by Hangzhou Emperor Pigment Company (China).

English

Being a climacteric fruit, the caja harvested still green has uneven ripening. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ripening techniques aiming to promote a uniform ripening and reduction of quality loss in caja-manga fruits. The treatments resulted from the application of four ripening techniques (control, muffled, ethrel, and calcium carbide) and they were evaluated in 5 times, with 3 days intervals, for 12 days (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days). The fruits were evaluated physico-chemically with respect to soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio, firmness, and color. Although, all treatments promoted the fruit ripening, ethrel showed homogenous and consistent fruit characteristics with ripening reactions in 6 days, being considered the best treatment. It showed intense yellow color (85 Hue), weight loss of about 5% compared to other treatments and tissue softening (29 N firmness) and increase in soluble solids (Brix 11°). Key words: Spondias mombin L., exotic fruits, Ethrel, carbide.

Thermal degradation of visible-light-cured thiol-methacrylate networks photoactivated with Camphorquinone

This report describes the yellowing of visible light-cured thiol-ene networks formulated with Camphorquinone (CQ) as photoactivator. CQ displays an intense dark yellow color due to the presence of a conjugated diketone chromophore that absorbs at 470 nm. Irradiation of CQ with visible light produces an excited triplet state which interacts with oxidizable species, thus decomposing into colorless products. During the course of this study it was found that the color of thiol-ene networks changes from colorless to yellow after 4 months storage at 20 °C. This investigation was carried out to provide clarification of this issue. The yellowing in initially photobleached thiol-methacrylate networks was studied by UV–visible spectroscopy. The yellowing of the networks was apparent after 4 h at 50 °C, 1.5 h at 70 °C or 20 min at 110 °C. However, color changes were perceptible after 40 days at 20 °C. The change in color observed in the studied polymer networks is explained in terms of the regeneration of CQ through hydrogen transfer reactions between thiyl radicals and ketyl radicals. Results obtained in this research demonstrate that the yellowing displayed by thiol-methacrylate systems photoactivated with CQ jeopardizes the long-term stability of the derived films and bulk materials. Visible light photopolymerization offers many advantages over UV photopolymerization. However, in the particular case of thiol-ene resins photoactivated with CQ, the use of visible light is accompanied by undesired yellowing of the resulting polymers.

Thread-based microfluidic chips as a platform to assess acetylcholinesterase activity.

In this paper, a microfluidic thread-based analytical device (μTAD) to assess the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) via colorimetric analylsis is described. Fabrication of the device consists of two platforms, both with a nylon thread trifurcated into three channels terminating at open analysis sites at the end of the thread. 5,5'-Dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) was spotted and dried on the analysis sites. Acetylthiocholine iodide (ATC) (or cysteine, Cys) is transported through an inlet channel of the nylon thread by capillary action due to the hydrophilic nature of nylon. AChE is transported through the other inlet channel and mixes with the ATC (or Cys) as they travel up to the analysis sites. As the solution reaches the analysis sites, an intense yellow color change occurs indicating the reaction of the thiol with DTNB to produce the yellow anion TNB2- . The sites are then dried, scanned, yielding a linear range of inverse yellow mean intensity versus substrate concentration. An IC50 value (1.74 nM) with a known inhibitor, neostigmine bromide (NB), is obtained on the device. The multiplex design enables triplicate data collection in a device that is easy to use. μTADs have great potential to be employed in a myriad of tests including point-of-care diagnostic devices for resource-challenged settings.

QUALITY OF ORGANIC BANANA PRODUCED IN THE SEMIARID REGION OF MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL

ABSTRACT The northern semiarid region of Minas Gerais is an important producer of irrigated Prata-Anã banana variety, which is highly susceptible to fusarium wilt. The organic cultivation of resistant varieties may be an phytosanitary alternative, also adding value to fruits. This study aimed to characterize banana varieties produced in organic system based on chemical and physical assessments at post-harvest. Prata-Anã, BRS Platina, Fhia-18, BRS Conquista and BRS Tropical varieties were characterized at the point of harvest (green) and mature (stage six of maturation), by chemical and physical assessments. At the point of harvest, BRS Conquista and BRS Tropical banana varieties had more intense green skin color. ‘BRS Conquista’ presented lower fresh weight, shorter length and diameter than the other varieties. BRS Platinum variety had more fruit fresh mass, length and diameter. Mature Prata-Anã, BRS Platina, Fhia-18, BRS Conquista and BRS Tropical banana varieties showed no difference in soluble solids, pH, titrable acidity and ratio; BRS Platina variety had more intense yellow skin color and lower pulp/skin ratio. Greater dropping resistance occurred in BRS Conquista variety and BRS Tropical was less resistant. Prata-Anã banana variety showed higher firmness. Banana varieties differed more by the physical characteristics (skin color, size, dropping resistance, firmness and pulp/skin ratio) in relation to chemical characteristics.

Curcuma longa extract - Haldi: A safe, eco-friendly natural cytoplasmic stain.

Background:Eosin is most widely used synthetic dye belonging to the xanthene group. These dyes are efficient but are hazardous to human and animal health. With the increasing awareness of a green earth, it is advisable to use more of eco-friendly and biodegradable material which can be effectively achieved by the use of natural dyes obtained from plants and other natural sources. Turmeric, available as Curcuma longa (domestic), has long been in use in the subcontinent as a spice and flavoring agent in most food preparations. Its health benefit as a natural antibiotic and anti-inflammatory has been successfully established by several researchers. The intense yellow color imparted by turmeric inspired us to explore its efficacy as a potential alternative for eosin in routine histopathological procedures.Aim:The aim of this was to explore the efficacy of turmeric extract as a stand-alone counterstain for hematoxylin and its comparative assessment with routine H and E staining.Materials and Methods:The rhizomes of C. longa were cut into small pieces, dried and milled. This powder was dissolved into alcohol and centrifuged using a centrifugal machine. The supernatant was then collected with the help of micropipette. This supernatant was used as a counterstain for hematoxylin.Results:The data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U test with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 15.0 (SPSS Inc.,). The P value obtained was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05).Conclusion:Although eosin is the most efficient counterstain for hematoxylin, turmeric can also be used as an alternative for eosin.

Two blue-light excitable yellow-emitting LMOF phosphors constructed by triangular tri(4-pyridylphenyl)amine.

Two luminescent metal-organic-frameworks (LMOFs) constructed by a molecular chromophore [tri(4-pyridylphenyl)amine] (tppa) were synthesized by solvothermal reactions and characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, optical diffuse reflection, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and internal quantum yield measurements. Both compound 1 [Zn(tppa)(ndc)·(DMF)4] and compound 2 [Zn4(tppa)2(sdc)3(NO3)2·(DMF)4·(ACN)2] (ndc = 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, sdc = (E)-4,4'-(ethene-1,2-diyl)dibenzoic acid, DMF = dimethylformamide, ACN = acetonitrile) exhibit intense yellow emission under blue light (455 nm) excitation. The Commission International de I'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of 1 (0.42, 0.53) and 2 (0.42, 0.54) are close to that of YAG:Ce3+ (0.41, 0.55) (λex = 455 nm). The two phosphor materials show promise for use in phosphor-converted white LEDs (PC-WLEDs).

Tree architecture influenced productivity and quality attributes in apple under HDP

The present experiment was conducted to develop efficient tree architecture in apple under high densityplanting systems. In this trial vertical axis tree and cordon tree architecture were validated first time in Indiaviewing the success in horticultural advanced countries. Maximum annual extension growth (102.34 cm), trunkcross sectional area (23.66 cm2), the highest yield per tree (10.92 kg), yield per hectare (84.63 t/ha) and yield efficiency (0.45 kg/cm2) were recorded in cultivar Coe Red Fuji under vertical axis tree architecture. Maximum fruitweight was observed in cultivar Coe Red Fuji under cordon tree architecture (167.14 h). The red colour intensitywas recorded maximum (a*) (20.16) in cultivar Coe Red Fuji under vertical axis tree architecture, while, maximum yellow colour intensity (b*) (28.44) were found in Granny Smith fruits under same architecture. Cultivar Coe RedFuji has excelled on the overall vegetative growth, yield and quality attributes under HDP in vertical axis system.

Drying time and post-harvest quality of onion bulbs submitted to artificial curing

ABSTRACT After harvest, onion bulbs are submitted to curing, whose objective is to provide loss of moisture in leaves and drying of outer layers (peel) of bulbs, reaching attractive external coloration and reduction in the intensity of rottenness. The objective of this study was to use an air treatment unit (ATU) - known as heat pump - as an alternative drying method, and to evaluate drying time and preservation of the chemical and physical characteristics. The experiment was carried out in a complete random design with ten replicates and three treatments, which were the following: T1- (control) natural curing in shed; (2) T2- (aeration with air artificially heated by propane burning); and (3) T3- (aeration with artificially dehydrated and heated air using ATU). Curing completion time, relative water content (RWC) of the skin and inner layers, pulp color and skin coloring, total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), visual index of dormancy breaking (VID), and fresh weight loss (FWL) were evaluated in this study. No significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) were found for TTA, TSS, VID, FWL, and pulp color among treatments. It can be concluded that T3 promoted a faster curing (12 hours) of bulbs, which provided bulbs with drier skin and intense yellow color.

Biodegradable films of starch/PVOH/alginate in packaging systems for minimally processed lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

ABSTRACT Biodegradable packaging may replace non-biodegradable materials when the shelf life of the packaged product is relatively short, as in minimally processed foods. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of biodegradable films comprising starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH)/alginate with the addition of 0 or 0.5% of essential oil of copaiba (EOCP) or lemongrass (EOLM) compared to poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) films in the storage of minimally processed lettuce. Lettuce samples cut into 1-cm strips were placed in polypropylene trays wrapped with biodegradable films and stored at 6 ± 2 °C for 8 days. PVC films were used as controls. The biofilms presented 11.43-8.11 MPa resistance and 11.3-13.22% elongation, with water vapor permeability (WVP) of 0.5-4.04 x 10-12 g. s-1.Pa-1.m-1; thus, the films' properties were considered suitable for the application. The lettuce stored in PVC presented minor total soluble solids (TSS), less luminosity (L), higher intensity of yellow color (b), and eight times less mass loss than that stored in biodegradable films. Multivariate analysis showed that the lettuce lost quality after 2 days of storage in PVC films, representing a different result from the other treatments. Lettuce stored in biodegradable films for 2 and 4 days showed a greater similarity with newly harvested lettuce (time zero). The films with or without the addition of essential oil showed similar characteristics. Biodegradable films were considered viable for the storage of minimally processed lettuce.