Eucalyptus Melliodora Research Articles

#1373 Effect of Astragalus membranaceus normalized acute kidney injury-induced renal conditions corelated with serum carnosine

Abstract Background and Aims Astragalus membranaceus (AM) exhibits various pharmacological effects against several diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) (see http://nccih.nih.gov/health/astragalus). We have previously investigated the correlation between AM and acute kidney injury (AKI), which is an important factor causing CKD pathogenesis or progression. Recently, we demonstrated that old mice showed lethality in response to 20 mg/kg cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP), which is a general dose used to generate AKI in young mice. AKI also occurred in response to a reduced dose of cisplatin, which was completely reversible in young mice. The administration of AM to mice (20 mg/kg) significantly improved AKI pathology, especially in old mice treated with a reduced dose of cisplatin, thereby demonstrating the therapeutic effect of AM against age-dependent AKI pathogenicity. More recently, we found that serum carnosine levels correlated with renal conditions in AM. Here, we examined the effects associated with serum carnosine levels to prevent AKI and delay CKD progression [1]. Methods Female C57BL/6 mice (52 weeks old) were orally administered either an AM powder mixed with sterilized 0.5% methylcellulose 400 (w/v) (AM group) or only 0.5% methylcellulose 400 (control). Four hours after the most recent dose (20 mg/kg of AM twice a day), 0.5 mg/ml CDDP (reduced dose: 10 mg/kg or 0.9% NaCl for the CG) was injected intraperitoneally into old mice. Subsequently, we measured the blood serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) levels, which are biomarkers of AKI, and assessed histochemical changes in kidney sections stained with anti-CD3 and anti-CD68 antibodies 20 h and 3 d after CDDP injection (n = 6 per group). Thereafter, serum carnosine levels in the samples collected from each sample (n = 6 per group) were determined using a carnosine ELISA kit (Novus, NBP2-75013). Data were analyzed statistically using PRISM software, and statistical significance was set at P = 0.05. Results Higher susceptibility to a half CDDP dose in old mice was indicated by increased BUN levels and the histological damage caused to renal tubule epithelial cells and glomeruli; however, no pathological change was observed in younger mice. Histochemical analysis of old mice showed a significant increase in the number of CD3-positive cells following AKI induction; however, AM pretreatment ameliorated these inflammatory conditions. Our recent findings suggest that a correlation exists between the effects of AM and serum carnosine levels. Fig. 1 shows that different serum carnosine levels were observed in old control mice (white box), probably because of age-dependent pathogenesis. However, serum carnosine was concentrated to lower levels after AM administration (orange box), suggesting an age-dependent AM effect. Moreover, owing to the effect of AM on CDDP-AKI, serum carnosine levels changed transiently but significantly in old mice (blue and yellow boxes) within 20 h; this indicates that age-dependent renal conditions were improved by the AM effect and correlated with serum carnosine levels. Conclusion AM administration normalizes the renal pathology caused by age-dependent susceptibility to CDDP-AKI; this is particularly true for older mice, wherein serum carnosine is downregulated but concentrated. Serum carnosine can be effective in preventing AKI pathology in old mice, regardless of the AM effects. We believe that AM can prevent age-dependent accumulation of AKI pathology, thereby facilitating CKD progression.

Healthcare waste generation and quantification in public health centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Healthcare waste produced in healthcare activities entails higher risk of infection and injuries than municipal waste. In developing countries healthcare waste has not received much attention and has been disposed of together with municipal wastes. Modern method of disposal of healthcare waste have been introduced to most healthcare institutions mismanagement and increased in production in public health centres in Ethiopia is important issues. The aim of the study was to assess the type of healthcare waste generation and quantification in selected public health centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An institution based cross-sectional study were conducted from January to February 2018. Fifteen health centres in Addis Ababa City Administration were selected for this study. Data were collected by using by different color plastic bags (Black plastic bags for non-hazardous wastes, Yellow plastic bags for hazardous wastes and Yellow safety box for needles and Red bags for pharmaceutical wastes and toxic wastes). The collected wastes were measured by weighing scale and were written to data entry sheet. To assure the data quality calibration of weighing scale was made by the standard weight every morning. EPI INFO TM7 and IBM SPSS were used for data entry, cleaning and analysis. The mean healthcare waste generation was 10.64+5.79Kg/day of which 37.26% (3.96+2.20Kg/day) was general waste and 62.74% (6.68+4.29) was hazardous waste from the studies health centres. Total hazardous waste; sharps, infectious, pathological and pharmaceutical wastes constitutes mean (±SD) 0.97 ±1.03, 3.23 ± 2.60, 2.17±1.92 and 0.25 ±0.34 kg/day respectively. Healthcare waste 29.93% and 0.32% were generated from delivery and post-natal case team and nutrition and growth monitoring case team respectively. The annual mean+ SD of healthcare waste generation rate per health centres were 3807.53+ 2109.84 Kg/year. The finding in this study showed there was an increased in hazardous healthcare waste in amount as compared to the WHO standard 85% non-hazardous waste and 10% hazardous waste and 5% toxic wastes. The healthcare waste management practices about segregation, collection, transportation and disposal at the source is crucial to decrease in quantity. Generally unselective handling and disposal of healthcare wastes is a concern.

Exploring the role of polymorphic interspecies structural variants in reproductive isolation and adaptive divergence in Eucalyptus.

Structural variations (SVs) play a significant role in speciation and adaptation in many species, yet few studies have explored the prevalence and impact of different categories of SVs. We conducted a comparative analysis of long-read assembled reference genomes of closely related Eucalyptus species to identify candidate SVs potentially influencing speciation and adaptation. Interspecies SVs can be either fixed differences or polymorphic in one or both species. To describe SV patterns, we employed short-read whole-genome sequencing on over 600 individuals of Eucalyptus melliodora and Eucalyptus sideroxylon, along with recent high-quality genome assemblies. We aligned reads and genotyped interspecies SVs predicted between species reference genomes. Our results revealed that 49,756 of 58,025 and 39,536 of 47,064 interspecies SVs could be typed with short reads in E. melliodora and E. sideroxylon, respectively. Focusing on inversions and translocations, symmetric SVs that are readily genotyped within both populations, 24 were found to be structural divergences, 2,623 structural polymorphisms, and 928 shared structural polymorphisms. We assessed the functional significance of fixed interspecies SVs by examining differences in estimated recombination rates and genetic differentiation between species, revealing a complex history of natural selection. Shared structural polymorphisms displayed enrichment of potentially adaptive genes. Understanding how different classes of genetic mutations contribute to genetic diversity and reproductive barriers is essential for understanding how organisms enhance fitness, adapt to changing environments, and diversify. Our findings reveal the prevalence of interspecies SVs and elucidate their role in genetic differentiation, adaptive evolution, and species divergence within and between populations.

In search of lost ergots: phylogenetic re-evaluation of Claviceps species in Japan and their biogeographic patterns revealed-SUPP files

Supplementary files. <br />Fig. S1. Cultures of Claviceps spp. Three-point inoculation on petri dishes (52 mm diam) with 5 mL T2 agar (sucrose 100 g, l-asparagine 10 g, yeast extract 0.1 g, KH2PO4 0.25 g, MgSO4·7H2O 0.25 g, FeSO4·7H2O 0.02 g, ZnSO4·7H20 0.015 g, KCI 0.12 g, Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 1.0 g, agar 20 g; pH 5.2, 1000 mL). The plates were incubated in dark at 20 °C for 20 days. The morphology of ergot colonies is an unstable feature as it often changes with age. The colonies of the same isolates were shown with a light blue background. T = ex-type, NT = ex-neotype, ET = ex-epitype. <br />Fig. S2. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on each gene (LSU, TEF-1α, Mcm7, TUB2 and RPB2). Bootstrap (BS) support values from ML and MP analyses are shown at branch (MLBS/MPBS). MLBS < 50 are not shown. Culture collection number or specimen numbers, country code and host genus name are presented after the species name. Ergots analysed in this study are in bold. Ergots collected in Japan are marked by the yellow boxes. The scale represents the number of nucleotide substitutions per site. T = ex-type, NT = ex-neotype, ET = ex-epitype. Abbreviated country code; ARG = Argentina, AU = Australia, BELG = Belgium, BOTSW = Botswana, BRA = Brazil, CA = Canada, CZ = Czech Republic, FRA = France, GER = Germany, IND = India, JA = Japan, KAZ = Republic of Kazakhstan, LIT = Lithuania, MEX = Mexico, SA = South Africa, SWI = Switzerland, THAI = Thailand, UK = United Kingdom, USA = United States of America, ZW = Zimbabwe. <br />Table S1. Nucleotide sequences of primers used in this study.

Motorcyclists’ Stopping Position at 4-Legged Signalised Intersections

Malaysia was ranked seventh in the world for having the highest percentage of motorcycle fatalities. The majority of motorcycle fatalities occurred at intersections as a result of other motor vehicles failing to notice them. However, little is known about the behaviour of motorcyclists when they come to a stop at an intersection. This study was designed to examine the position of motorcycles during the red phase at 4-legged signalised intersections. Data from 4,133 motorcycles were collected at four locations in peninsular Malaysia throughout peak and off-peak hours. Motorcycles stopped at signalised intersections by stopping behind the stop line, at/in front of the stop line, at the yellow box, at the pedestrian crossing and at the island marking were collected through video recording. Therefore, to facilitate the analysis, motorcycle positions were classified as either stopping behind the stop line or stopping forward. As per findings, more than 63 percent of motorcyclist’s queue in front of the stop line and move forward during peak and off-peak hours to gain a clear view, which increases the likelihood of a motorcycle departing within a very short time during the initial period of the green signal. To improve the performance of signalised intersections, some traffic engineering approaches can be used, such as the provision of a dedicated area, known as a motorcycle red box, which separates motorcycles from other types of vehicles at traffic lights. Positioning motorcycles ahead of other drivers reduces the risk of motorcycles appearing out of nowhere when traffic begins. This segregation is expected to improve motorcyclist visibility and safety, as well as provide a buffer for pedestrian crossings at signalised intersections, providing better protection for vulnerable road users.

Analysis of Basal Plane Dislocation Motion Induced By P+ Ion Implantation Using Synchrotron X-Ray Topography

Silicon Carbide (SiC) is a promising wide bandgap semiconductor for future power devices since it has a wide bandgap, high breakdown voltage and good thermal stability [1]. The most mature method to perform selective area doping in 4H-SiC epiwafers during fabrication is ion implantation [2]. However, such implantation processes employing high energy ions can damage the lattice in the epilayers that can subsequently lead to formation and migration of basal plane dislocations (BPDs) which are known to be detrimental to the performance of the devices [3-4]. Implantation processes are typically conducted under room temperature (RT) conditions, but high temperature (HT) implantation is favorable when the dose level is high [5]. Oxide layer for blocking purpose is inevitable since photoresist can barely remain intact under such high temperature, which will increase the time, cost, and complexity [6-7].Here, we will primarily emphasize the motion of the BPDs under stress from RT implantation. 1.2 kV-rated 4H-SiC PiN diodes with junction termination extension (JTE) annealed with same conditions have been successfully fabricated by implantation with different dose levels and concentration profiles under room temperature and at 600 ˚C. Concentration profiles simulated by Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) are shown in Fig.1(a) [8]. The JTEs were implanted with lower concentrations. Synchrotron monochromatic beam X-ray topography (SMBXT) has been performed to characterize the defects induced by implantation and annealing process. Topographs of PIN diodes are shown in Fig.1 (b)-(h). For the diodes implanted with 1x under RT and HT, there is no evidence of dislocations generated due to implantation and annealing. However, formation of BPD half loops, as highlighted in the red and yellow boxes, can be observed from the edge of the device when the dose level is elevated to 5x and 9x. In addition to that, the basal plane density (BPD) density of 5x RT Box due to implantation and annealing is much more significant than that of 5x RT and 9x RT, indicating that concentration profile can affect the defect generation. Fig.1 (e) shows topograph of PiN diode implanted with 5x under high temperature. The absence of BPDs compared to the RT implanted device to the same concentration profile suggests the generation of BPD is suppressed by the high temperature condition. In 5x RT Box device, opposite sign BPDs are nucleated from opposite edges of device, as indicated in Fig.1 (f)&(g). Here, we will analyze the motion of dislocations generated by ion implantation and annealing.Reference:[1] J. Guo, Y. Yang, B. Raghothamachar, T. Kim, M. Dudley, J. Kim, J. Cryst. Growth[2] F. Roccaforte, P. Fiorenza, M. Vivona, G. Greco, F. Giannazzo, Materials 14(14) (2021) 3923.[3] K. Konishi, R. Fujita, Y. Mori and A. Shima, Semiconductor Science and Technology 2018 Vol. 33 Issue 12[4] M. Nagano, H. Tsuchida, T. Suzuki T. Hatakeyama, J. Senzaki and K. Fukuda, J. Appl. Phys. 108, 013511 (2010)[5] S. Mancini, S. Y. Jang, Z. Chen, D. Kim, Y. Liu, B. Raghothamachar, M. Kang, A. Agarwal, N. Mahadik, R. Stahlbush, M. Dudley, W. Sung, proceeding of 2022 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS). (accepted)[6] T. Kimoto, J. A. Cooper. John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd. 2014. pp. 197-200[7] D. Kim, N. Yun and W. Sung, 2021 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS), 2021, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/IRPS46558.2021.9405109[8] J. F. Ziegler, M.D. Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B, Volume 268, Issues 11–12, June 2010, Pages 1818-1823 Figure 1

Genetic assessment of the value of restoration planting within an endangered eucalypt woodland

Assessment of woodland restoration often focusses on stand demographics, but genetic factors likely influence long-term stand viability. We examined the genetic composition of Yellow Box (Eucalyptus melliodora) trees in endangered Box-Gum Grassy Woodland in SE Australia, some 30 years after planting with seeds of reportedly local provenance. Using DArT sequencing for 1406 SNPs, we compared genetic diversity and population structure of planted E. melliodora trees with remnant bushland trees, paddock trees and natural recruits. Genetic patterns imply that natural stands and paddock trees had historically high gene flow (among group pairwise FST = 0.04–0.10). Genetic diversity was highest among relictual paddock trees (He = 0.17), while diversity of revegetated trees was identical to natural bushland trees (He = 0.14). Bayesian clustering placed the revegetated trees into six genetic groups with four corresponding to genotypes from paddock trees, indicating that revegetated stands are mainly of genetically diverse, local provenance. Natural recruits were largely derived from paddock trees with some contribution from planted trees. A few trees have likely hybridised with other local eucalypt species which are unlikely to compromise stand integrity. We show that paddock trees have high genetic diversity and capture historic genetic variety and provide important foci for natural recruitment of genetically diverse and outcrossed seedlings.

Clean mucosal area detection of gastroenterologists versus artificial intelligence in small bowel capsule endoscopy.

Studies comparing the detection of clean mucosal areas in capsule endoscopy (CE) using human judgment versus artificial intelligence (AI) are rare. This study statistically analyzed gastroenterologist judgments and AI results. Three hundred CE video clips (100 patients) were prepared. Five gastroenterologists classified the video clips into 3 groups (≥75% [high], 50%-75% [middle], and < 50% [low]) according to their subjective judgment of cleanliness. Visualization scores were calculated using an AI algorithm based on the predicted visible area, and the 5 gastroenterologists' judgments and AI results were compared. The 5 gastroenterologists evaluated CE clip video quality as "high" in 10.7% to 36.7% and as "low" in 28.7% to 60.3% and 29.7% of cases, respectively. The AI evaluated CE clip video quality as "high" in 27.7% and as "low" in 29.7% of cases. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences in the 6 evaluation indicators (5 gastroenterologists and 1 AI) (P < .001). Among the 300 judgments, 90 (30%) were consistent with 5 gastroenterologists' judgments, and 82 (91.1%) agreed with the AI judgments. The "high" and "low" judgments of the gastroenterologists and AI agreed in 95.0% and 94.9% of cases, respectively. Bonferroni's multiple comparison test showed no significant difference between 3 gastroenterologists and AI (P = .0961, P = 1.0000, and P = .0676, respectively) but a significant difference between the other 2 with AI (P < .0001). When evaluating CE images for cleanliness, the judgments of 5 gastroenterologists were relatively diverse. The AI produced a relatively universal judgment that was consistent with the gastroenterologists' judgements.

A note on seed dispersal by Little Corellas Cacatua sanguinea

A flock of Little Corellas Cacatua sanguinea deposited six large American Sweetgum (Liquidambar) Liquidambar styraciflua fruit and three Mediterranean Cypress Cupressus sempervirens cones under the canopy of a Yellow Box Eucalyptus melliodora in a suburban backyard in Albury, New South Wales. Subsequent searches encountered American Sweetgum fruit under four further Yellow Boxes with evidence of pruning by Little Corellas. This is the first record of actual seed dispersal by the species, as well as of the use of American Sweetgum as food. These observations underline the importance of psittacids as incidental dispersers of plant seed.

Further dietary samples for Eastern Barn Owls Tyto javanica near Tamworth, New South Wales, revealed by habitat clearance

The diet of the Eastern Barn Owl Tyto javanica was investigated by examination of two samples of pellets (n = 11 and 39), pellet debris and prey remains from: (1) an occupied nest with fledgling in May 2009, and (2) an Owl’s winter roost in August 2009 near Tamworth in the grain belt of New South Wales. The breeding diet consisted, by number, of 91% mammals (90% rodents, including 87% House Mice Mus musculus) and 9% common farmland birds (n = 116 food items). The winter diet consisted of 99% House Mice and 1% bird (n = 188 food items). The fledgling Owl was killed when it failed to flush from its nest hollow as the tree was being felled, during approved clearing of the now Critically Endangered White Box–Yellow Box–Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy Woodland and Derived Native Grassland. Given the dependence of the Barn Owl on House Mice, and the ongoing clearing of hollow trees, we note the potential for (a) secondary poisoning of owls by rodenticides, especially during plagues of the invasive House Mouse in the grain belt, and (b) the Barn Owl’s long-term decline in abundance in New South Wales.

A research agenda for nonvascular photoautotrophs under climate change.

Nonvascular photoautotrophs (NVP), including bryophytes, lichens, terrestrial algae, and cyanobacteria, are increasingly recognized as being essential to ecosystem functioning in many regions of the world. Current research suggests that climate change may pose a substantial threat to NVP, but the extent to which this will affect the associated ecosystem functions and services is highly uncertain. Here, we propose a research agenda to address this urgent question, focusing on physiological and ecological processes that link NVP to ecosystem functions while also taking into account the substantial taxonomic diversity across multiple ecosystem types. Accordingly, we developed a new categorization scheme, based on microclimatic gradients, which simplifies the high physiological and morphological diversity of NVP and world-wide distribution with respect to several broad habitat types. We found that habitat-specific ecosystem functions of NVP will likely be substantially affected by climate change, and more quantitative process understanding is required on (1) potential for acclimation, (2) response to elevated CO2 , (3) role of the microbiome, and (4) feedback to (micro)climate. We suggest an integrative approach of innovative, multimethod laboratory and field experiments and ecophysiological modelling, for which sustained scientific collaboration on NVP research will be essential.

Chemistry and Bioactivities of Six Tunisian Eucalyptus Species.

The complex taxonomy of Eucalyptus genus, the renewed interest in natural compounds able to combat microbial strains, the overuse of synthetic pesticides, the consequent request for alternative control methods were the reasons for this research. The essential oils (Eos) of Eucalyptus bosistoana, Eucalyptus melliodora, Eucalyptus odorata, Eucalyptus paniculata, Eucalyptus salmonopholia, and Eucalyptus transcontinentalis were analyzed by GC/MS and their potential phytotoxic activity was evaluated against the germination and radicle elongation of Sinapis arvensis, Raphanus sativus and Lolium multiflorum. The antibiofilm activity was assayed against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii) bacteria. Monoterpenoids were the most representative constituents in all EOs and eucalyptol was the dominant component except in E. melliodora EO, in which p-cymene was the most abundant. In phytotoxic assays, the EOs from E. odorata and E. paniculata were the most active against germination and radical elongation of the tested seeds. Finally, the Eucalyptus EOs proved their capacity to effectively inhibit the adhesion process of all five pathogen strains, with percentages often reaching and exceeding 90%. These Eucalytpus EOs could have possible employments in the food, health and agricultural fields.

Opinions of cardiologists on class II recommendations in current European Society of Cardiology 2018-2020 guidelines: YELLOW BOX

Objectives: We planned our survey study to evaluate the opinion of cardiologists about the class II recommendations on levels of evidence in the current European Society of Cardiology Guidelines (ESC). Our aim is to determine which diagnosis or treatment option most prefer by cardiologist when guidelines do not make clear recommendations. Methods: The survey was conducted on September 2020 with the participation of cardiologists (n = 102). Our survey covers ESC's guidelines published in 2018-2020 on diagnosis and treatment strategies in coronary artery disease, diabetes, heart valve disease, arrhythmia, dyslipidemia and heart failure. Our survey consisting of 40 questions was shared with the cardiologists via e-mail. Results: Participants answered all of the survey questions. The majority of the participants (79.41%) did not consider the addition of a second long-term antithrombotic medication in addition to aspirin for secondary prevention in diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients who are not at high risk of bleeding. The lowest low density lipoprotein (LDL) value achieved by the participant physicians with treatment in their practices was &amp;lt; 40 mg/dl in 32 (31.37%) participants . One of the striking results of the survey was that 51.96% of the participants stated that it was not possible to measure the lipoprotein a (Lp(a)) level in the center where they were carrying out their practices, and 34.31% did not consider the Lp(a) level in the treatment of dyslipidemia in terms of directing the treatment. As for patients with asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, 58.82% of the participants considered catheter ablation therapy. Conclusions: Although there were different opinions on some recommendations, the participants were mostly in agreement. We think that these survey results, which were mostly based on expert opinions, may contribute to the guidelines to be published in the future with the increase of survey studies on these issues.

Broadly recognized, cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 CD4 T cell epitopes are highly conserved across human coronaviruses and presented by common HLA alleles.

Sequence homology between SARS-CoV-2 and common-cold human coronaviruses (HCoVs) raises the possibility that memory responses to prior HCoV infection can affect T cell response in COVID-19. We studied T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs in convalescent COVID-19 donors and identified a highly conserved SARS-CoV-2 sequence, S811-831, with overlapping epitopes presented by common MHC class II proteins HLA-DQ5 and HLA-DP4. These epitopes are recognized by low-abundance CD4 T cells from convalescent COVID-19 donors, mRNA vaccine recipients, and uninfected donors. TCR sequencing revealed a diverse repertoire with public TCRs. T cell cross-reactivity is driven by the high conservation across human and animal coronaviruses of T cell contact residues in both HLA-DQ5 and HLA-DP4 binding frames, with distinct patterns of HCoV cross-reactivity explained by MHC class II binding preferences and substitutions at secondary TCR contact sites. These data highlight S811-831 as a highly conserved CD4 T cell epitope broadly recognized across human populations.

Gel‐like inclusions of C‐terminal fragments of TDP‐43 sequester stalled proteasomes in neurons

Aggregation of the multifunctional RNA‐binding protein TDP‐43 defines large subgroups of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia and correlates with neurodegeneration in both diseases. In disease, characteristic C‐terminal fragments of ~25 kDa ("TDP‐25") accumulate in cytoplasmic inclusions. Here, we analyze gain‐of‐function mechanisms of TDP‐25 combining cryo‐electron tomography, proteomics, and functional assays. In neurons, cytoplasmic TDP‐25 inclusions are amorphous, and photobleaching experiments reveal gel‐like biophysical properties that are less dynamic than nuclear TDP‐43. Compared with full‐length TDP‐43, the TDP‐25 interactome is depleted of low‐complexity domain proteins. TDP‐25 inclusions are enriched in 26S proteasomes adopting exclusively substrate‐processing conformations, suggesting that inclusions sequester proteasomes, which are largely stalled and no longer undergo the cyclic conformational changes required for proteolytic activity. Reporter assays confirm that TDP‐25 impairs proteostasis, and this inhibitory function is enhanced by ALS‐causing TDP‐43 mutations. These findings support a patho‐physiological relevance of proteasome dysfunction in ALS/FTD.

Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule: United States, 2022.

Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule: United States, 2022.

SNP rs4971059 predisposes to breast carcinogenesis and chemoresistance via TRIM46-mediated HDAC1 degradation.

Identification of the driving force behind malignant transformation holds the promise to combat the relapse and therapeutic resistance of cancer. We report here that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4971059, one of 65 new breast cancer risk loci identified in a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS), functions as an active enhancer of TRIM46 expression. Recreating the G-to-A polymorphic switch caused by the SNP via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homologous recombination leads to an overt upregulation of TRIM46. We find that TRIM46 is a ubiquitin ligase that targets histone deacetylase HDAC1 for ubiquitination and degradation and that the TRIM46-HDAC1 axis regulates a panel of genes, including ones critically involved in DNA replication and repair. Consequently, TRIM46 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and chemoresistance invitro and accelerates tumor growth invivo. Moreover, TRIM46 is frequently overexpressed in breast carcinomas, and its expression is correlated with lower HDAC1 expression, higher histological grades, and worse prognosis of the patients. Together, our study links SNP rs4971059 to replication and to breast carcinogenesis and chemoresistance and support thepursuit of TRIM46 as a potential target for breast cancer intervention.

Establishing a climate‐ready revegetation trial in central Victoria – A case study

SummaryA promising approach in dealing with the detrimental effects of climate change on vegetation is to introduce pre‐adapted genotypes into restoration programmes. Bush Heritage’s Victorian reserves have experienced eucalypt dieback probably due to intense drought and heat shock linked to climate change. Planned revegetation on the Nardoo Hills reserve provided an opportunity to establish and test the potential for new climate‐matched genotypes to expand the adaptive capacity of the plantings. As NRM practitioners, here we document our experiences in implementing this approach. Using the Climate Analogues tool and the Australasian Virtual Herbarium, we selected provenances from four climate analogue regions where remnants of our focal species, Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) and Yellow Box (E. melliodora), were located. Replicated plots were established covering five provenances for Grey Box and 5 provenances for Yellow Box with up to 10 ‘families’ (mother trees) per provenance. Numerous challenges were encountered including locating suitable provenances, the design and scientific compromises associated with the experimental layout, sourcing of adequate seed from remote regions (especially drought affected) and high mortality during seedling establishment. Monitoring nine months after planting revealed not only high overall mortality (around 70%, probably due to drought conditions during establishment) but also significant differences in height between provenances and in mortality and height among families in both species. Despite the initial mortality, the nested design and level of replication applied in these plots appear adequate to test hypotheses about the value of climate matching and will continue to be monitored in the future.

Chemical composition of essential oils of eight Tunisian Eucalyptus species and their antibacterial activity against strains responsible for otitis

BackgroundThe chemical composition and biological activity of Eucalyptus essential oils have been studied extensively (EOs). A few of them were tested for antibacterial effectiveness against otitis strains. The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the EOs of eight Tunisian Eucalyptus species were assessed in the present study.MethodsHydrodistillation was used to extract EOs from the dried leaves of eight Eucalyptus species: Eucalyptus accedens, Eucalyptus punctata, Eucalyptus robusta, Eucalyptus bosistoana, Eucalyptus cladocalyx, Eucalyptus lesouefii, Eucalyptus melliodora and Eucalyptus wandoo. They are assessed by GC/MS and GC/FID and evaluated for antibacterial activity using agar diffusion and broth microdilution techniques against three bacterial isolates (Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and three reference bacteria strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ATTC 9027; Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC 6538; and Escherichia coli, ATCC 8739). Furthermore, the selected twenty-one major compounds and all values of the inhibition zone diameters were subjected to further statistical analysis using PCA and HCA.ResultsThe EO yields of the studied Eucalyptus species range from 1.4 ± 0.4% to 5.2 ± 0.3%. Among all the species studied, E. lesouefii had the greatest mean percentage of EOs. The identification of 128 components by GC (RI) and GC/MS allowed for 93.6% – 97.7% of the total oil to be identified. 1,8-cineole was the most abundant component found, followed by α-pinene, p-cymene, and globulol. The chemical components of the eight EOs, extracted from the leaves of Eucalyptus species, were clustered into seven groups using PCA and HCA analyses, with each group forming a chemotype. The PCA and HCA analyses of antibacterial activity, on the other hand, identified five groups.ConclusionThe oils of E. melliodora, E. bosistoana, and E. robusta show promise as antibiotic alternatives in the treatment of otitis media.

Pengaruh Efektivitas Promosi Melalui Instagram Dan Inovasi Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian

This study aims to determine the effect of the effectiveness of promotion through instagram and product innovation on purchasing decisions for Gembul Banana products. The study was conducted because the results of several previous researchers found that product innovation and promotion are key factors in influencing purchasing decisions. The tight business competition that comes from businesses for similar products or substitute products, requires a business to always move faster and creatively to come up with new ideas in order to attract the attention of consumers. The method used in this research is descriptive explanatory method. Analysis of the data used using multiple linear regression analysis model. The population in this study were all buyers of Gembul Banana products by taking a sample of 101 respondents, and taking the sample using accidental sampling technique. The results showed that the effectiveness of promotion through instagram and product innovation had a positive effect on purchasing decisions for Gembul Banana products. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested to Gembul Banana business owners to be more serious in managing Gembul Banana social media, especially in posting photos, endeavor to post photos that are interesting and in accordance with consumer desires, not just photos and uploads on social media. In addition, it is also recommended that the logo of the company should be included on the packaging, not only in the form of a yellow box that is identical to a banana, but a logo must be included so that consumers can remember the product.