Yellow Bamboo Research Articles

Production and characterization of black charcoal from Bambusa vulgaris (Yellow Bamboo) and potentiality for advance applications

Issues of air and water pollution and necessity of health care are becoming serious problem as the inter country and global industrialization accelerates. Finding solutions and speedy addressing to these problems via sustainable management and expansion of woody and non woody forest crops, extraction, eco and health friendly products development is increasingly important. Environmentally and health friendly bamboo charcoal has greater potential and upcoming demand in the globe. Evaluation of higher carbonation temperature and characterization of charcoal properties compared to traditional carbonation temperature pave the way for modification of surface and absorbance properties of bamboo charcoal and expansion of areas applications. This paper provides a scientific research about the optimum carbonation temperature to produce charcoal from Bambusa vulgaris (yellow bamboo). The bamboo culm was carbonized at four differed temperatures ranging from 600 to 950oC. Products of charcoal were characterized by SEM micrograph analysis, modules of rupture (MOR), calorific value, density, bulk density, density determination and water absorption determination. Optimum carbonization temperature to gain maximum property enhancement of bamboo charcoal was observed around 700 and 850 oC. By changing carbonization temperature charcoal properties can be change. Removal and solidification of carbon in the flue gas during manufacturing and convert into usable foam of product development pave the way for the expansion of charcoal manufacturing industry without harmful damage to the environment.

The effect of fermentation period of yellow bamboo shoots (B. vulgaris Striata) using L. plantarum starter on physical and chemical properties of its flour as dietary fiber source

Young shoots of bamboo plants (Bambusa vulgaris) are widely used as filler of lumpia, the icon of Semarang City traditional food. It is naturally fermented by producers as a pre-cooking process. This research aimed to analyze the effect of fermentation period using L. plantarum starter on physical and chemical properties of yellow bamboo shoots flour. Experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors (fermentation periods and methods), five treatments (1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days fermentation period), and four replications. Collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (p<0.05) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that fermentation periods had a significant effect on total fiber (TDF), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF), hydrogen cyanide (HCN) content, and pH (p<0.05). It was suggested that fermentation might improve bamboo flour quality. Twelve days fermentation resulted in shoots flour with TDF of 73.79±0.15%, IDF of 71.45±0.17 %, SDF of 2.34 ± 0.02%, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) of 22.43 ± 2.84 ppm, and moisture content of 2.63 ± 0.26 %.

Ethnobotanical study and identification of medicinal plants based on local knowledge

Indonesia is famous as a country with abundant plants biodiversity, many of them known for their medicinal properties. A study aimed to determine the types of medicinal plants and the efficacy of these plants has been conducted in four villages of Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. A survey sought information from the local community with a snowball sampling method, where data collection from one core source could expand into several other sources of information. The results showed that based on identification in the study locations, there were 27 types of plants commonly used by local healers (called: ‘Sanro’) as medicinal plants to treat patients. Among the plants were: black turmeric, yellow turmeric, yellow bamboo, candlenut, pomegranate, saba banana, cinnamon, guava, starfruit, garlic, soursop, papaya, palm sugar, ginger, java wood, durian, and shallots. Sometimes the ‘sanro’ used a mixture of those traditional plants in treatment by utilizing the main ingredients comes from the plants. The local people apply conservation and propagation of medicinal plants by intercropping in the yard around houses.

Change of chemical components content in andong and yellow bamboo due to various steam treatment

The purpose of this research is to determine the changes of chemical components content in andong bamboo (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea) and yellow bamboo (Bambusa Vulgaris var. striata) due to steam treatment and rinsing with water or sodium hydroxide solution. Samples was taken from culm without bark and node part of the bamboo. The treatments of sample were steam at 126 °C and 0.14 MPa for 1 hour, steam and rinsing with water, and, steam and rinsing with 1% NaOH, respectively. Air-dried samples were, then, subjected to mill in order to get 40-60 mesh particle size, which was used for chemical components analyses. The results showed that steam and rinsing with water or 1% NaOH solution treatment reduced hemicellulose and extractive contents (dissolved in cold water, hot water, 1% NaOH solution, and ethanol-benzene), whereas alpha-cellulose and lignin were relatively stable. Steam and rinsing treatment generally increased the pH value of bamboo sample. The chemical component change of the bamboo due to the treatments would affect the quality of finish product manufactured especially on its physical and mechanical properties.

Analysis Proximate, HCN , Antioxidant Compounds And Antioxidant Activities Of Potential Extract As Antiatherosclerosis

Bamboo shoots are plants that are very easy to find in Indonesia and can grow anywhere, economically bamboo shoots are very cheap and have been used by people in the world as foodstuffs since time immemorial. Aside from being a bamboo shoot food, it also has functions related to hypocholesterolemia, so it can be used as an alternative non-pharmacological treatment or as a traditional medicine derived from medicinal plants (Complementary Therapy). This study aims to determine the levels of protein, fat, water, ash, carbohydrates, HCN, phenols, flavonoids, vitamin E from bamboo shoots and their antioxidant activity. Bamboo shoots used include: yellow bamboo shoots, wulung, green, apus, and betung. Bamboo shoots are thinly sliced and dried in an oven of 80 0C for 24 hours and smoothed to get bamboo shoot powder and then extracted using 70% ethanol which will be analyzed for chemical compounds using the SNI 01-2891-1992 method for proximate test, HCN test using AOAC, while testing phenol, flavonoids, and vitamin E compounds using a spectrophotometer, testing antioxidant activity using DPPH method. The results of the proximate test analysis of 5 bamboo shoot extract samples showed that yellow bamboo shoots contained at most 0.632% fat, 4.474% water, 0.878 gr ash, 29.78% carbohydrates and 4.12 gr crude fiber. The highest protein content test of 0.41% was found in Apus bamboo shoots extract and the highest HCN content was also in Apus bamboo shoot extract 3.98 mg / 100gr. The highest content of Vitamin E is found in Apus bamboo shoots extract which is 0.3284%, the highest total flavonoid content is found in green bamboo shoots extract that is equal to 0.02778%, the most phenolic content in bamboo shoots extract is apus bamboo shoots extract of 4.4352% and the test results Apus bamboo antioxidant activity is more active as an antioxidant than other bamboo shoots which is 171.15 µg / mL with IC 50 value. This shows that Apus bamboo shoots extract is relatively safe for consumption and has good antioxidant potential and can be used as traditional medicine which comes from medicinal plants (Complementary Therapy)

Influence of NAA and coconut water with variation of soaking duration on the growth of yellow bamboo branch cutting

Setiawati T, Keliat APR, Budiono R, Partasasmita R, Iskandar J. 2018. Influence of NAA and coconut water with variation of soaking duration on the growth of yellow bamboo branch cutting. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 178-182. Yellow bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad Ex. var. Striata) is one kind of bamboo used for industrial and household raw materials. Yellow bamboo propagation with branch cuttings has relatively low percentage of growth. To increase the growing success of yellow bamboo branch cuttings can be used growth regulators substance, such as NAA and coconut water. This study aimed to obtain the best combination of NAA and coconut water with the soaking duration in the growth of yellow bamboo branch cuttings. The study was conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of 6 × 3 factorial arrangement with five replications. The first factor was the combination of NAA and coconut water (CW), which consisted of six levels, namely 100% CW, 20% NAA + 80% CW, 40% NAA + 60% CW, 60% NAA + 40% CW, 80% NAA + 20% CW and 100% NAA. The second factor was the soaking duration which consists of three levels, namely 12 h, 24 h, and 36 h. Parameters observed included shoot emerging time, shoot number, shoot length, leaf area, root number and root length. The data obtained were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) α=5%. The results showed that the combination of 80% NAA + 20% CW gave the best yellow bamboo branch cuttings growth with an average shoot length of 1.44 cm, leaf area 41.29 cm2, root number 42.87 and root length 23.70 cm. The interaction of 80% NAA + 20% CW with soaking duration of 36 h resulted in average the fastest shoot emerging time of 2.02 days after planting.

Review on Bamboo Utilization as Biocomposites, Pulp and Bioenergy

One of potential non wood bioresources utilized in industrial application is bamboos. Bamboos are include in graminae family which have high biomass productivity, easy and rapid production, wide avability and high holocellulose content. Indonesia has a huge potential of bamboos, more than 162 bamboo species are found however only some of them are planted that have a high economic value. Bamboos have some advantages such as can be harvested at 3 years, straight culm, high strength, easy to be processed, and relatively cheap. Research Center for Biomaterials has developed utilization of bamboo culm for ply bamboo product as alternative of plywood since 1995, using gombong bamboo, tali bamboo, sembilang bamboo, andong bamboo with PF resin as adhesive. Other biocomposite products from bamboos include particle board, cement board and polymer-bamboo fiber composites. In term of processing technique and final product quality, bamboo composites from ply bamboo are the most prospectable material to be utilized in industrial application. Yellow bamboo and betung bamboo have also been developed as pulp and paper. Biopulping using soda and kraft pulping after biological pretreatment using white rot fungi to remove lignin was used as pulping method in this conversion. Biokraft pulping with Trametes versicolor for 45 days with inoculum loading of 10% resulted better pulp quality compared to the other fungi. Betung bamboo had good morphological characteristics and chemical component content to be converted into bioenergy such as bioethanol. Several pretreatment methods have been developed in order to result high sugar yield. Microwave assisted acid hydrolysis was preferedin producing higher yield from the pretreated bamboo compared to enzymatic hydrolysis. By using this method, the bamboo pretreated by biological-microwave pretreatment results higher improvement to increase sugar yield.

Probiotic Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Yellow Bamboo Shoot Fermentation using 2.5% and 5% Brine at Room Temperature

Yellow bamboo shoot is a popular food material especially in Semarang because it is used as filling for lumpia (authentic food of Semarang). Beside used as filling, yellow bamboo shoot commonly known by Indonesian people. Considering bamboo shoot often processed into fermented traditional food, yellow bamboo shoot also potential to be examined as source of fermented food producing lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria still become the most beneficial microorganisms associated with gastrointestinal system and moreover for obesity diet. The aim of this research is to study the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria produced from yellow bamboo shoot fermentation in 2.5% and 5% brine under room temperature (30 °C). From isolation, 22 single colonies obtained from 2.5% brine and 27 isolates obtained from 5% brine. The morphology and physiology analysis resulted in Lactobacillus and Streptococcus genus. All isolates were tested subsequently for probiotic potential. Based on the result, more than 50% identified isolates have probiotic potential.

The Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Supplementation on Bacteriocin Production of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Pickled Yellow Bamboo Shoots (Dendrocalamus asper)

Six selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates from pickled Yellow Betung bamboo shoots were grown in de Mann Rogosa Sharpe-Broth (MRSB) media with different supplementation combination. The cell-free supernatant were evaluated for their ability to produce bacteriocin by adjusting its pH to 6.0 in order to remove organic acid effects. The bacteriocin activity was assayed by agar-well diffusion method. The inhibitory activity calculated in Activity Unit (AU in mm 2 mL -1 ) of bacteriocins. The aims of this paper is to explore the effect of different medium compositions on bacteriocin production and its inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria ( Listeria monocytogenes FNCC 0156, S taphylococcus aureus FNCC 0047, and E scherichia coli FNCC 0091).Supplementations of carbon and nitrogen sources induced production of bacteriocins. LAB isolates grown in media without supplementation could not produce bacteriocins. Growth of isolate D44 in the presence of 2% of glucose and 2% of yeast extract yielded the largest bacteriocin inhibitory activity levels of 3179 AU mL -1 against Listeria monocytogenes FNCC 0156, 4663 AU mL -1 against S taphylococcus aureus FNCC 0047, and 3109 AU mL -1 against E scherichia coli FNCC 0091.

Effect of Heating Time to Density, Hardness, and Resistivity Againt Fungus of Yellow Bamboo (Bambusa Vulgaris Var Schard. Vitata)

It has been studied the influence of heating process to the density, hardness and resistivity againt fungus of Yellow bamboo (Bambusa Vulgaris Var Schard. Vitata). Structure of bamboo is identified by optical microscope. Bamboo is heated at 100 °C with variation of heating time: 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours. Density of bamboo is measured by using pycnometer, whereas hardness is measured by using a Rockwell Hardness Type-R (HRR). Resistivity againt fungus is observed by naked eye. OM image shows that bamboo consist of hollow structures wherein the water is stored. The diameter of vascular at inner part (∼ 150 μm) is quite larger than outer part (∼50 μm). Heating time of one hour caused density decrease by about 39%, whereas heating four hours will decrease by 52%. The longer heating time, the hardness of bamboo is increased. For the longitudinal side, two hours heating increased hardness up to 31%. For tangential side, four hours heating time increased hardness until 82%. Furthermore, heating time 3-4 hours will persist bamboo from fungus attack more than 14 days.

PENGHILANGAN HEMISELULOSA SERAT BAMBU SECARA ENZIMATIK UNTUK PEMBUATAN SERAT BAMBU

*Penulis untuk korespondensiHemicellulose and lignin removal process or degumming of bamboo fibre using cellulase and xylanase was conducted. The objectives of the study were to obtain suitable type of bamboo used in the enzymatic degumming process and to determine the optimum xylanase concentration for the hemicellulose hydrolysis of the selected bamboo. The types of bamboos used in this study were yellow bamboo,ropebamboo,and black bamboo. The study was conducted by enzymatic hydrolyses of the bamboo fibres, and measuring the yield, cellulose content, hemicellulose content, and reducing sugar content. Fibre hydrolysis used the cellulase concentration of 25 U/g and xylanase concentrationsof 50 to 500 U/g. The result showed that yellow bamboo contained cellulose and hemicellulose contents which most susceptible to hydrolysis resulting in reducing sugars, and decreasing cellulose and hemicellule contents of 6.40 % and 12.71%, respectively. The optimum xilanase concentration for the yellow bamboohydolysis was 400 U/g which could hydrolyze hemicellulose by 54.31% in 24 hours.Keywords: bamboo fibre, cellulase, xylanase, hydrolysis, enzymatic process

Antimicrobial Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Bamboo Shoot Pickles Fermented at 15 oC

Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) produces natural antimicrobial compounds that can inhibit and prevent the growth of spoilage bacteria. LAB can be isolated from fermented food such as pickles which fermented at cool temperature. The objective of this research to isolate and to obtain LAB from yellow bamboo ( Dendrocalamus asper ) shoots pickles that has antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . It was made by submerged yellow bamboo shoots in 2.5% of brine solution and kept into sealed container then fermented at chiller (15 o C) temperatures for 10 days. LAB was isolated using MRS agar and identified base on their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. The result showed that LAB isolates identified as Lactobacilli and had antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . All Lactobacilli (21 isolates) that was isolated from fermentation at 15 o C were homofementative.

Structural Characterization of the Lignins from the Green and Yellow Bamboo of Bamboo Culm (Phyllostachys pubescens)

Milled wood lignins were isolated from green and yellow bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens), termed MWLg and MWLy, respectively. The structural features of the lignin preparations and the remaining LCC were characterized by quantitative 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy and two-dimensional heteronuclear signal quantum coherence NMR (2D HSQC NMR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that the main substructures in MWLg and MWLy were β-O-4 alkyl-aryl ether, resinol, phenylcoumaran, spirodienone, and α,β-diaryl ether, and their abundances per 100 Ar units were 38.2 and 39.8, 6.9 and 6.3, 3.8 and 2.9, 1.7 and 2.1, 0.4 and 0.3, respectively. The S:G:H ratios of MWLg and MWLy were estimated to be 40:54:6 and 51:44:5, respectively. The γ-acylation of green bamboo lignin was 17.22%, lower than that of yellow bamboo lignin (21.12%). Moreover, a flavonoid compound (tricin) was also detected in the MWLg and MWLy. Some carbohydrates remained in the purified MWL preparations, which were considered as the lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC).

Karo’s Local Wisdom: The Use of Woody Plants for Traditional Diabetic Medicines

This paper identifies the plant species used traditionally by Karo people in North Sumatra, to cure diabetes, analyses the cultural significance index of those plants for the Karo, and clarifies phytochemical contents of the plants. Data were collected using survey method from selected respondents (n=54) based on their knowledge and practices in utilising medicinal plants to cure diabetic disease. Index of Cultural Significance (ICS) of plants was determined using the method proposed by Turner. Results showed that twelve woody plant species have been used to cure diabetes: loning leave ( Psychotria sp.), kacihe leave ( Prunus accuminta Hook), umbrella tree leave ( Maesopsis eminii Engl), mutamba leave ( Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk), cepcepan leave ( Villebrunea subescens Blume), pirdot/cepcepan lembu leave ( Saurauia vulcani Korth), raru bark ( Cotylelobium melanoxylo ), breadfruit leave ( Artocarpus altilis ), salam leave ( Syzygium polyanthum Wight), mahogany seed ( Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq), cinnamon bark ( Cinnamomum burmani ), and yellow bamboo rod (B ambusa vulgaris Schrad). Five of those plants: loning, umbrella tree, mutamba, raru and salam have the highest cultural significance level. These five plants are highly needed in large quatities by the Karo people, so their availability in the forest should be securely conserved and protected. The plants used contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics and terpenoids which can help to lower blood sugar level.

Induksi Tunas dan Perakaran Bambu Kuning Bambusa vulgaris secara in vitro

An experiment to induction shoots and rooting of the shoot of yellow bamboo Bambusa vulgaris have been carried out. Single nodal segments with axillary buds were the starting material. After sterilization, nodal segments were directly inoculated on modified Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with cytokinin Benzylaminopurine (BAP) with various concentration (0,0 ppm, 0,5 ppm, 1,0 ppm and 2,0 ppm) and auxin Indole butyric acid (IBA) with various concentration (0,0 ppm, 2,5 ppm, and 5,0 ppm). The results of the experiment showed the combination BAP 1,0 ppm and IBA 2,5 ppm has effectively induced shoot multiplication. Meanwhile, the used BAP 2,0 ppm and IBA 2,5 ppm resulted in the best shoot elongation. On the other hand, rooting of the shoots in vitro have not been successful yet. Keywords: BAP, IBA, induction shoots and rooting, in vitro, yellow bamboo

Respon Setek Cabang Bambu Kuning (Bambusa Vulgaris) Terhadap Pemberian Aia

Yellow bamboo is one of the bamboo species which used for industrial and house-hold materials, because it has a thick trunk outer layer, length of fiber, and beautiful shape.The success of cuttings grown yellow bamboo branch was lack.To increase the success of the yellow bamboo branches grow cuttings used growth regulators.Therefore, the research was conducted by giving indole acetic acid on yellow bamboo branch cuttings.The objective of this research was to known the growth of yellow bamboo branch cuttings by giving indole acetic acid and known the concentration of the indole acetic acid were the best influence on the growth of yellow bamboo branch cuttings.The research was designed with complete randomized design (CRD) with five treatment,five experimental units, and five branch cuttings for each experimental unit.The concentration ofindole acetic acid (IAA) was 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm,300 ppm, and 400 ppm.To test the homogeneity range done with Bartlett test, the data will be tested by analysis of variance and then further tested with honestly significant difference test.Yellow bamboo branch cuttings growth by percentage of life parameters, number of shoots, shoot length, shoot diameter, and a significant number of leaves is known, whereas for root length parameter is not significant. Keywords: branch cutting, indole acetic acid, yellow bamboo

SEKTOR INFORMAL DAN PEREMPUAN PKL (Studi di Pasar Bambu Kuning Bandar Lampung)

This research aims to identify and explain about the informal sector and women street vendors, Yellow Bamboo Market Studies at Bandar Lampung. This research method took 6 informants women street vendors who trade with the type of merchandise that is different. The method used is descriptive method and purposive sampling. Data collection techniques with in-depth interviews and documentation. It was concluded that women with street vendors selling a variety of means, such as kiosks, tents and spread out his wares on the pavement or bare floor and above or in crates stacked serves as a table. Although at the time of selling them hung in a particular place, the women of the street vendors where the mobile is easy to move merchandise to another location. They can customize the location and time of selling the crowds condition somewhere, but often have to deal with market forces or official order.

In vitro shoot proliferation and enhancement of rooting for the large-scale propagation of yellow bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris ‘Striata’)

Continuous and rapidly proliferating axillary shoots were raised from axillary buds in secondary branches of adult field culms and nursery grown 1-year-old tissue culture-raised plants of Bambusa vulgaris ‘Striata’. Shoots continuously proliferated in a MS medium containing 4 mg L−1 6-benzyladenine (BA). The effects of indole butyric acid (IBA) levels, a pretreatment with thidiazuron (TDZ) (1-phenyl-1-([1,2,3-thidiazol-5-yl])urea) and illumination on rooting, were investigated after 6 months of shoot proliferation. A rooting medium with IBA at 3 mg L−1 was optimum for root induction. Shoots of adult field culms that were proliferated in the presence of BA when induced to root in this medium resulted in 40% rooting in 27 days. In vitro shoots raised from 1-year-old tissue cultured plants showed 92% rooting under the same conditions. Rooting was enhanced when the relatively difficult-to-root in vitro shoots from adult field culms were pretreated with 0.5 mg L−1 TDZ for two to three subcultures before placing in the root induction medium. Continuously illuminated shoots pretreated with TDZ for three subcultures showed 100% rooting compared to 83% rooting of shoots that were exposed to a 12 h photoperiod. These findings have been applied in the large-scale propagation of this species.

Propagation ofBambusa vulgaris(yellow bamboo) through nodal bud culture

SummaryBambusa vulgaris (yellow bamboo), is the most commonly cultivated and used bamboo species in many countries. With the increased demand for bamboo, the importance of bamboo plantations has been realized. This would require large quantities of planting material continuously for which tissue culture techniques offer a solution. The propagation of B. vulgaris through nodal-bud culture was studied. Single nodal segments were tested for bud-break and shoot growth on basic Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) supplemented with different combinations and concentrations of growth regulators. Results suggest that cytokinin is important for bud-break. Gibberellic acid enhances multiple shoot production in this species. The position of the node on the culm appears to affect bud-break and multiplication, middle nodes are the most suitable. Also, removal of prophylls enhances bud-break. The shoots developed from axillary buds could be rooted on MS basic medium at 50% macro and IBA (0.25 μ). Upon transfer to the field (after four weeks in the rooting medium), the shoots developed into true-to-type plants.

On the genusAponychus(Acari: Tetranychidae) in Java

ABSTRACT Two species of Aponychus, A. corpuzae Rimando and A. vannus Rimando, are reported from ornamental yellow bamboo for the first time from Java (Indonesia).