Years In Nigeria Research Articles

Prevalence of Diarrhea and Associated Risk Factors Among Children Under-Five Years of Age in Nigeria

Diarrhea is the second leading cause of under-five child mortality after pneumonia. The absence of clean water source, essential sanitation and hygiene is responsible for almost 88% of the disease burden in the Nigeria. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for the occurrence of childhood diarrhea among children aged between 0-5 years in Nigeria. Nigeria Demographic and health survey (NDHS) data for year 2013 was used for the purpose of this study. Descriptive Statistics was used to identify the mean age of the mother, children and also the frequencies and percentage of the independent factors. Multilevel Probit Regression was computed to assess the independent factors of childhood diarrhea. Two-way table with measures of association was used to test the association of the predictor variables. The prevalence of diarrhea in the two weeks period among under- five children in Nigeria is 9.52%. The result showed that maternal/mother’s education attainment, region, sex of children, maternal/mother’s age, children’s age, source of water, place of residence, breast feeding status, family Income and mass media were found to be positively associated risk factors for childhood diarrhea. Keywords: Prevalence, Diarrhea, Risk factor, Probit Regression, Children, Mother/care givers. DOI : 10.7176/JAAS/60-05 Publication date: January 31 st 2020

Determinants of Household Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets Use Among Children Under 5 Years in Nigeria

Determinants of Household Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets Use Among Children Under 5 Years in Nigeria

Prevalence of HIV Infection among Adolescents and Young People at a Tertiary Health Facility in Ekiti State, Southwest, Nigeria

Background: Nine out of every 10 of the world’s 1.8 billion adolescents and young people (AYP) live in developing nations, Nigeria inclusive. In Nigeria as in the rest of sub-Saharan Africa, 1 out of every 3 persons is an adolescent or a young person. As at 2016, there were about 240, 000 AY) aged 10-19 years in Nigeria, which roughly makes 7% of the total number of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Nigeria. According to 2017 national survey, about 70% of the country’s AYP lack knowledge of how HIV is transmitted or how it can be prevented. Since AYP, aged 10-19 years, constitute a significant proportion of the nation’s burgeoning population, it is very important and critical to fully understand the dynamics of the HIV epidemic among AYP. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of HIV among AYP at a tertiary health facility in Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria and comparing it with national and regional prevalence among same group.
 Methodology: The study was a retrospective study of AYP, aged 13-20 years at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria. Convenience and consecutive sampling method was used in retrieving subjects’ data. One hundred subjects whose ages were between 13 and 20 years were consecutively sampled over a period of six months, July to December, 2018.
 Results: Out of the one hundred subjects retrospectively sampled, 46 (46%) were males, while 54 (54%) were females. Four (4%) of the subjects were 13 years of age, while 6(6%), 5(5%), 8(8%), 27(27%), 17(17%), 12(12%) and 21(21%) respectively were aged 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 years. Three (3%) of the subjects were positive to HIV, 1 (%) was male, while 2 (20%) were female, thus giving a sero-prevalence rate of 3%. Disaggregation of the positive subjects reveals that 33.3% were male, while 66.7% were females.
 Conclusion: Though the general prevalence of HIV in Ekiti State ranks among the lowest in Nigeria, group-specific interventions targeting the AYP should be put in place in the State to address the disproportionately high prevalence among the AYP in the State.

Analysis of determinants of maize price variations in Nigeria (1978 - 2014)

Skyrocketing prices of food staples such as maize can lead to inefficient agricultural production and definitely have detrimental effects on the economic, social, and political growth of any country. Most studies on maize in Nigeria are focused on the increasing consumption or competitiveness, very few address the determinants of maize price change as a panacea for the increase of productivity. Filling this gap requires a study on the various factors that contribute to the variations in the price of maize. In this study, secondary data were used. The study used descriptive statistics tools to analyze the pattern of price variations and changes in the production of maize over a period of 36 years in Nigeria. Also, various factors affecting price variation of maize were examined. It was recommended that the positive and significant impact of country’s population to maize price change should serve as an impulse to encourage investment in agricultural sector of Nigeria in order to ensure food security in the country. Also, the government should use the inflation measures to regulate prices of maize in the country

A New Pedagogy for Training the Pre-service Mathematics Teachers Readiness in Teaching Integrated STEM Education

The development of any country in the world depends largely on its escalating focus on integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (iSTEM). Over the years in Nigeria, there are calls for action to integrate STEM disciplines as the pre-service teachers are only receiving training in the separate field of STEM. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the iSTEM course as a new pedagogy for training the pre-service mathematics teachers’ readiness in teaching the iSTEM disciplines in Sokoto State, Nigeria. The study utilised one group quasi-experimental research design. Purposive sampling was used in choosing all the 54 pre-service mathematics teachers in their 300-level undergoing a teacher training programme in Sokoto State University, Nigeria. The participants underwent a 5-week iSTEM course organised by the researchers that focused on the five levels of integration that include: Single, Combine, Multiple, Engineering Projects, and Fully Integrated STEM disciplines. Data was collected through the iSTEM pre- and post-survey Questionnaire (iSTEM-SQ) and analysed using descriptive statistics. The bar graph and non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test were also used in describing the effectiveness of the pre- and post-survey test. The findings indicated that the iSTEM course was effective in preparing and empowering the pre-service mathematics teachers’ pedagogical strategy for teaching integrated STEM in their future classroom instruction. The paper also recommends for incorporation of the iSTEM approach in the curriculum of pre-service mathematics teachers at the various institutions of learning in Nigeria.

Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Nigeria From 2010 to 2016, Prior to and During the Phased Introduction of the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine.

BackgroundHistorically, Nigeria has experienced large bacterial meningitis outbreaks with high mortality in children. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), and Haemophilus influenzae are major causes of this invasive disease. In collaboration with the World Health Organization, we conducted longitudinal surveillance in sentinel hospitals within Nigeria to establish the burden of pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM).MethodsFrom 2010 to 2016, cerebrospinal fluid was collected from children <5 years of age, admitted to 5 sentinel hospitals in 5 Nigerian states. Microbiological and latex agglutination techniques were performed to detect the presence of pneumococcus, meningococcus, and H. influenzae. Species-specific polymerase chain reaction and serotyping/grouping were conducted to determine specific causative agents of PBM.ResultsA total of 5134 children with suspected meningitis were enrolled at the participating hospitals; of these 153 (2.9%) were confirmed PBM cases. The mortality rate for those infected was 15.0% (23/153). The dominant pathogen was pneumococcus (46.4%: 71/153) followed by meningococcus (34.6%: 53/153) and H. influenzae (19.0%: 29/153). Nearly half the pneumococcal meningitis cases successfully serotyped (46.4%: 13/28) were caused by serotypes that are included in the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The most prevalent meningococcal and H. influenzae strains were serogroup W and serotype b, respectively.ConclusionsVaccine-type bacterial meningitis continues to be common among children <5 years in Nigeria. Challenges with vaccine introduction and coverage may explain some of these finding. Continued surveillance is needed to determine the distribution of serotypes/groups of meningeal pathogens across Nigeria and help inform and sustain vaccination policies in the country.

Home childbirth among young mothers aged 15–24 years in Nigeria: a national population-based cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and identify factors associated with home childbirth (delivery) among young mothers aged 15–24 years in Nigeria.DesignA secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic...

Biplot Analysis of Line × Tester Data of Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines under Stress and Nonstress Environments

The GGE biplot tool has potential for determining combining ability effects, identifying distinct heterotic groups and efficient testers in a line × tester study. However, its use for such analysis has not been adequately explored. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess combining ability of extra-early maturing lines (80–85 days to physiological maturity) and testers for grain yield (ii) classify lines into heterotic groups and (iii) identify most efficient testers using GGE biplot. Sixty-three lines crossed to four testers were evaluated under Strga-infested, drought and nonstress environments for 2 years in Nigeria. Results of GGE biplot analyses of combining ability and heterotic patterns of yield of lines, grouping and identification of testers were close to those of the conventional line × tester method. Testers TZEEI 13, TZEEI 21 and TZEEI 29 were highly efficient in grouping lines under stress environments while testers TZEEI 21 and TZEEI 29 were best under nonstress environments. The GGE biplot identified tester TZEEI 13, TZEEI 21 and TZEEI 29 as most efficient across stress environments and TZEEI 21 and TZEEI 29 across nonstress environments.

Knowledge and Awareness of Cervical Cancer among Students of a Tertiary Institution in Southern Nigeria

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a disease of the female genital tract causing serious health challenge especially among the child bearing age in economically depressed countries. Women aged 15 years in Nigeria are at risk of developing cervical cancer and the disease incidence in Nigeria among women is 250/100,000. Assessing the knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer of tertiary students will be of immense contribution in management and prevention of the disease. The aim of this study was toassess cervical cancer awareness among University of Port Harcourt students in Nigeria. Method: Across sectional descriptive study design was employed to systematically sample330 female students using the multi-stage sampling technique. Data was collected using a validated structured closed ended questionnaire. Statistical package for social sciences version 21 was used to analyze the data and hypothesis was tested using chi square at P≤0.05. Results: An average level awareness (50.91%) for cervical cancer (p=0.05) was recorded. The mean standard deviation was4.17 ± 2.41.Majority of the respondents were within the age of 18-21(30.91%). Level of study mostly involved was level one (32.12%). Singles demonstrated a higher proportion (68.48%) and respondent’s religious affiliation was 100% for Christianity. An awareness practice disconnect was observed which can promote cervical cancer transmission within the population. Consistent health education is needed by the population to increase their awareness and knowledge. Conclusion: There is need to improve awareness through cervical cancer education, inclusion of cervical cancer screening for females as part of pre-school screening test and formation of cervical cancer clubs on campuses. A national cervical cancer algorithm is also advocated.

Revitalizing teacher education for political stability and national security in Nigeria

Teacher Education is a veritable tool for the educational development in Nigeria. It is a process of preparing teachers for professional roles. This paper discussed revitalizing teacher education for political stability and national security. The paper discussed the conceptual model of educational dimension in any political process. The trend of educational development and political dimension was also discussed. The paper examined the evolution of teacher education over the years in Nigeria as well as goals of teacher education as contained in the National Policy on Education. Some of these goals include production of highly motivated, conscientious and efficient classroom teachers for all levels of Nigeria’s educational system, encouraging the spirit of enquiry and creativity in teachers; helping the teachers fit into social life of the community and society at large and enhancing their commitment to national goals among others. The challenges of teacher education in Nigeria were also highlighted. The paper submits that, despite numerous challenges facing teacher education, there is a way out. These include redefining teaching as high level profession, curriculum overhauling, and improved welfare package, improvement in academic and professional training among others.

Comparative outcome of overhead and total body phototherapy for treatment of severe neonatal jaundice in Nigeria

ABSTRACTBackground: In Nigeria, neonatal jaundice is commonly treated by overhead phototherapy with neonates lying supine, often with effective exposure of less than one half of the body surface. Total body exposure in phototherapy has been in use for less than 2 years in Nigeria, but is available in only five neonatal centres.Aim: To compare the effectiveness of total body exposure (TBPE) with the conventional partial exposure (COPT) for treatment of hyperbilirubinaemia.Methods: Eleven datasets from 10 neonatal units across Nigeria were retrieved. They included neonates with severe hyperbilirubinaemia treated with TBPE using the Firefly® device (MTTS Asia) as a test group. The remainder of the patients, the controls, were treated with COPT. Any requirement for exchange blood transfusion (EBT) in either group was documented. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) >213.8 μmol/L (12.5 mg/dL) was treated as severe hyperbilirubinaemia. The efficiency of the intervention was determined according to the time taken for a severe case to be downgraded to mild at ≤213.8 μmol/L.Results: A total of 486 patients were studied, 343 controls and 143 cases. Mean (SD) postnatal age was 6 days (0.7) for cases and 5 (0.9) for controls, for gestational age (GA) in completed weeks was 36 (0.5) for cases and 37 (0.7) for controls and for birthweight was 2.7 kg (0.25) for cases and 2.7 (0.22) for controls. Mean (SD) pre-intervention TSB was 299.3 (35.7) μmol/L for cases and 327.3 (13.9) for controls. Severity downgrade day was Day 2 (0.4) for cases and Day 5 (1.1) for controls. Overall relative EBT rate was 6% for cases and 55% for controls (p= 0.0001), and early preterm relative EBT rate was 0% for cases and 68% for controls (p < 0.01).Conclusion: TBPE was quicker and safer for reduction of hyperbilirubinaemia and patients rarely required EBT. TBPE is recommended for rapid reduction of serum bilirubin levels and the reduction of treatment costs, morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries.Abbreviations: EBT, exchange blood transfusion; TBPE, total body exposure technique; COPT, conventional partial exposure; TSB, total serum bilirubin; SB, serum bilirubin; NNJ, neonatal jaundice; SCNU, special care neonatal unit; LMIC, low- and middle-income countries; HIC, high-income countries; LED, light-emitting diode

Predictors of early childhood undernutrition in Nigeria: the role of maternal autonomy.

To investigate the relationship between maternal autonomy and various indices of child undernutrition among children aged &lt;2 years in Nigeria, considering the cultural context and sociodemographic factors. Population-based, cross-sectional study. Associations between various indices of maternal autonomy and child undernutrition (specifically stunting, underweight and wasting) were determined using weighted bivariate and multivariable logistic regression modelling. 2013 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey. Children aged between 3 and 24 months (n 7532). Overall, 31·4 % (n 2270), 29·8 % (n 2060) and 25·0 % (n 1755) of children in the sample were stunted, underweight and wasted, respectively. Women with acceptance of domestic violence (low autonomy) were approximately 18 and 14 % less likely to have stunted (OR = 0·82; 95 % CI 0·71, 0·94) and underweight children (OR = 0·86; 95 % CI 0·75, 0·99), respectively. Similarly, women with low power in their couple relations were 17 % less likely to have children who were wasted (OR = 0·83; 95 % CI 0·72, 0·97). Sociodemographic predictors of all indices of undernutrition included maternal education and Hausa ethnicity. Additionally, stunting was predicted by lack of exclusive breast-feeding, low income and being of Fulani ethnicity; wasting by having mothers with low BMI; and underweight by breast-feeding initiation within 1 h hour of birth, polygamous homes, mothers with low BMI and being of Fulani ethnicity. Women with acceptance of domestic violence and low power in couple relations were found to be less likely to have children with indices of undernutrition. This unexpected finding calls for future exploratory research, and policies and interventions that target at-risk subgroups.

Reappraisal of respiratory syncytial virus as an aetiology of severe acute lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years in Nigeria.

Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) especially severe ALRIs, constitute a global high burden of morbidity and mortality in children <5 y of age and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been documented to a play a major aetiological role. However, Nigerian reports on severe childhood RSV ALRIs are rare and most reports are old. With recent advances in RSV preventive strategy, arises the need for a recent appraisal of RSV infection in children with severe ALRI. The current study thus set out to determine the prevalence of RSV infection among hospitalized children <5 y of age and describe the related social determinants. We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over 1 y of 120 children, ages 2-59 months, diagnosed with ALRI. Relevant data were obtained and an antigen detection assay was used for viral studies. The prevalence of RSV infection was 34.2% and its peak was in the rainy months. The proportion of infants in the RSV-positive group was significantly higher than that in the RSV-negative group (82.9% vs 54.4%; p=0.002). These findings were largely consistent with those of earlier reports. RSV has remained a common cause of severe ALRI in infants, especially during the rainy months in Nigeria. It is thus suggested that more effort be focused towards implementing the current global recommendations for the prevention of RSV-associated LRI, particularly in infants.

A Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Herbal Toothpastes and their Non-Herbal Counterparts Against Oral Isolates in Sagamu, Nigeria

Background: In recent years in Nigeria, there has been an upsurge in the marketing and utilization of herbal toothpastes alongside their non–herbal counterparts that had been in use to improve oral health.Objective: This study was carried out to compare the antimicrobial activity of herbal toothpastes and their non-herbal counterparts against oral isolates.Methodology: Microorganisms were isolated from early morning mouth rinses of volunteer subjects and identified using standard protocols. A total of four brands of toothpastes (four herbal and their non-herbal counterparts) making a total of eight toothpastes labeled A, C, E, G (herbal toothpastes) B, D, F, H (non-herbal) were procured, diluted into three different concentrations of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4 by two-folds serial dilution and tested for their antimicrobial activity against oral isolates using agar well diffusion method. Inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) were measured in millimeters after 24h incubation at 25oC (fungal isolates) and 37oC (bacterial isolates). Result analysis was done by SPSS using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significance taken at p<0.05.Results: The isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Candida albicans (CA). The undiluted Paste A gave the highest IZD of 22 mm against SA and the least IZD was 0.0 mm by paste A against CA at 1:2 dilution, paste C at 1:2 dilution against CA and paste E at 1:1 dilution against CA and thereby making CA the least responsive to all the concentrations of toothpaste evaluated. On the whole, the herbal toothpastes gave a better IZD than their non- herbal counterparts. At p<0.05, there was no significant difference in the overall activity between the herbal toothpastes and their non-herbal counterparts.Conclusion: The result shows that the herbal toothpastes were marginally better in the inhibition of the isolates than their non-herbal counterparts, though their overall difference is not significant, necessitating further studies.Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Herbal toothpaste, Non-herbal toothpaste, Oral isolates.

Proposing a legal framework for decommissioning of oil and gas installation in Nigeria

Oil and Gas exploration and exploitations have been ongoing over the past fifty years in Nigeria from the first major discovery of oil in commercial quantity in Oloibiri, Bayelsa State in 1956. Decommissioning is a tedious and complicated process which needs strict laws and regulations to ensure environmental protection among other issues. When an oil and gas installation reaches the end of its productive life, the need to remove such installations from the environment becomes necessary, hence the importance for the existence of national laws and regulations. The paper therefore examines Nigeria’s treaty obligations under the Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf (GCS) 1958, The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 and the London Dumping Convention 1972 among others. The paper adopts the doctrinal method through the use of Statutes, Cases, Treaties and Conventions to buttress the argument. The paper finds that the absence of a national legislation on decommissioning in Nigeria has led to failure in provision of regulations in dealing with the complexities associated with decommissioning. It concludes by making recommendations for Nigeria to ensure the implementation of these international legal instruments through the process of domestication under the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended) 1999 to bring into existence a national legislation.

Meningococcal strain evolution, dusty dry air and respiratory tract infections: An explosive relationship.

Meningococcal strain evolution, dusty dry air and respiratory tract infections: An explosive relationship.

Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for national planning and development in Nigeria

Knowledge of seismic hazard is an integral part of strategic planning for critical infrastructural development. This is lacking in Nigeria that is seriously considering the construction of nuclear power plants, dams, bridges etc. to meet increasing need by its exploding population. This study therefore, is aimed at computing critical earthquake hazard parameters and peak ground accelerations (PGAs) for the country using the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) approach. Earthquake catalog (1933–2018) was used to carry out the PSHA. The data were sourced from seismic stations in Nigeria, institutes in neighboring countries and earthquake catalogs published by international Agencies. The data were screened to remove artificial events, fore- and aftershocks, etc. Different magnitude scales were harmonized to moment magnitude (Mw) scale. The selection of the earthquakes to calculate the PGAs was carefully carried out to include events on land (by specifying area of interest on the seismicity map with maximum latitude and longitude; and minimum latitude and longitude respectively using excel), and the Cornell-McGuire method was used to compute the PGAs for Nigeria. The results indicate low activity rate of earthquakes in Nigeria, but high probability of yearly occurrence of earthquakes of magnitudes 2.0–3.0. In the same vein, the probability of occurrence of earthquakes of magnitudes 4.0–6.0 is low. The b-value and activity rate (λ) are 0.69 ± 0.07 and 1.684 ± 0.462 respectively; while the expected maximum magnitude in the region is 6.7 ± 0.34 within the 1–1000 years’ period. A magnitude 6.0 can be expected to occur approximately every 143 years in Nigeria, and the probabilities of this event occurring annually, 50, 100 and 1000 years is 6.7%, 95.81%, 99.70% and 100% respectively. The PGAs for a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years range from 0.01–0.08g. Findings from PSHA will contribute to planning, with the PGAs useful for engineering design and as baseline parameters for the establishment of seismic building codes for Nigeria.

Gains in grain yield of released maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars under drought and well-watered conditions

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) grain yield is severely constrained by drought and this study was conducted to assess gains in grain yield and other traits of released maize cultivars. Twenty-three maize cultivars plus a check were evaluated under drought and well-watered conditions at Zaria and Kadawa during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 dry seasons. The 24 cultivars were evaluated using 6 x 4 lattice design with three replications. Genotypes differed significantly for all measured traits except anthesis-silking interval (ASI), husk cover, and number of ears per plant under drought, and ASI, husk cover, and ear aspect under well-watered conditions. Under drought, grain yield ranged from 2251 kg ha−1 for SAMMAZ 31 to 4938 kg ha−1 for SAMMAZ 19, with a genetic gain of 1.93% yr−1. Under well-watered conditions, grain yield varied from 3082 kg ha−1 for SAMMAZ 37 to 5689 kg ha−1 for SAMMAZ 51, with the same genetic gain found under drought conditions. Grain yield reduction as a result of drought was 28.4% and performance under drought predicted performance under well-watered conditions better than vice versa with regression coefficient value of 0.8. Grain yield had significant correlations with all measured traits under both water conditions, except for husk cover, plant and ear heights under drought. Our data revealed that substantial genetic gains have been made in breeding for high grain yield cultivars under drought and well-watered conditions over a period of 16 years in Nigeria.

Knowledge of public health challenge of open defecation in rural areas of South-East Nigeria: Implications for social workers

Background: Practice of open defection has growing health concerns especially on rural dwellers and is among leading causes of diarrhea, typhoid fever, cholera, stunting and responsible for the death of children under 5 years in Nigeria. This study seeks to examine knowledge of public health challenges of open defecation among rural residents in south-east Nigeria and implications for social work. Data source and methods: Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were used for data collected from 52 respondents in Nsukka and Udenu LGAs of Enugu State. Thematic analysis was adopted and phrases with contextual connotations were pulled as illustrative quotes. Results: Lack of toilet facilities makes community members engage in the practice despite knowledge of its public health implications. Conclusions: The study recommends strengthening of government’s efforts to eradicate the practice; incorporating social workers as facilitators in public health regulations and advocacy in sensitising households to provide their own toilets.

Diarrhoea deaths and disability-adjusted life years attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding practices in Nigeria: findings from the global burden of disease study 2016

BackgroundIn Nigeria, diarrhoea contributes significantly to childhood morbidity and mortality, with suboptimal breastfeeding practices playing a key role. The present study aimed to report on diarrhoea deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among children aged under five years attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding practices in Nigeria.MethodsThis study used data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2016, which estimated mortality from diarrhoea in the Cause of Death Ensemble model. Suboptimal breastfeeding was assessed as a combination of non-exclusive breastfeeding and discontinued breastfeeding. The comparative risk assessment approach was used to estimate the attributable burden of diarrhoea deaths and DALYs due to suboptimal breastfeeding practices in the spatial-temporal Gaussian Process Regression tool.ResultsIn 2016, suboptimal breastfeeding practices accounted for an estimated 56.5% (95% uncertainty intervals [UI]: 47.5, 68.3) of diarrhoea deaths in the late neonatal period, 39.0% (31.0, 46.3) in post-neonatal period, 39.0% (31.3, 46.20) in infancy period and 22.8% (16.9, 29.9) in children aged under five years in Nigeria. In the same year, 22,371 (14,259, 32,746) total diarrhoea deaths in children under five years could be attributed to suboptimal breastfeeding practices. DALYs from diarrhoea attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding practices was 1.9 million (1.2, 2.8 million) among children under five years in 2016. Between 1990 and 2016, the proportion of children who died from diarrhoea due to suboptimal breastfeeding did not change substantially across all age groups in Nigeria.ConclusionsSuboptimal breastfeeding practices remain a significant contributor to diarrhoea mortality and disability among children under five years in Nigeria. The study builds on previously published works on breastfeeding practices in Nigeria and provides evidence to support calls for the scale-up of efforts to improve infant feeding outcomes and reduce diarrhoea burden in Nigeria.