Yamunanagar District Research Articles

Economic assessment of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) through intercropping systems for doubling farmer’s income in Yamunanagar district of Haryana

Economic assessment of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) through intercropping systems for doubling farmer’s income in Yamunanagar district of Haryana

Ethno-botanical study of medicinal plants in Kalesar, Haryana, India

The current study focuses on the identification and gathering of data from the rangers, guides, and locals of the Kalesar village and Kalesar National Forest in the Yamunanagar district of Haryana. The ethnomedicinal qualities of the plants that were growing there and were used by the locals to treat illnesses are the focus of this study. Nearly 100 distinct plant species were identified, of which 77 were confirmed to exhibit ethno-medicinal qualities. Species belonging to families of Compositae, Rutaceae, Moraceae, Apocynaceae, Rosaceae, etc. were identified. With the aid of locals and the literature that was readily available, the plants were identified. The components of the plants that the locals utilized most frequently were the leaves, roots, seeds, and fruits, and these plants have shown notable success in treating conditions like as skin disorders, dental issues, gastrointestinal issues, and more. Additionally, it has been observed that they have anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial characteristics.

Incentivising Agroforestry Through Carbon Revenue: Augmenting Farmers’ Income in India

Background: The present study explores and assesses the potential of carbon revenue to augment the financial returns of farmers from agroforestry plantations. Government of India aims at doubling the farmers’ income and this study can go a long way in achieving this aim. The income from carbon revenue will be over and above the market value of farm-grown wood and hence will be an additional incentive. Methods: Under the present study, the assessment of carbon stocks for Eucalyptus and Poplar plantations was done in Yamunanagar district of Haryana using stratified random sampling and standard calculation tools explained under methodology. The results of this study and data from other existing studies, covering different parts of the country, were used for estimating the carbon credits and carbon revenue for total area under agroforestry in India i.e. 28.4 MHA. Result: The findings suggest that agroforestry, if incentivized with carbon revenue, has a potential of increasing the income of farmers by 40-50% (upto Rs. 25,000/ha/year). It could be achieved by developing agroforestry based carbon finance projects for Voluntary Carbon Markets (VCM) and by promoting agroforestry plantations for net carbon emission neutrality of corporate using their CSR funds. The additional returns could also act as a buffer and as an alternative like minimum support price (MSP) for farmers in case of “price-crash” of agroforestry produce due to various reasons. The study indicates that there is urgent need to have a policy in India for registering agroforestry plantations under carbon finance projects thereby contributing to net neutrality of corporates, ultimately benefitting the farmers through financial incentives.

Geophysical characterization of Saraswati River palaeochannel in parts of Yamuna Nagar and Kurukshetra districts of Haryana, India.

Palaeochannels are remnants of rivers or stream channels filled with younger sediments over the period of time. In ancient times, these rivers/channels were thriving in phenomenal conditions, but due to frequent tectonic activities, they lost the direction of their original path and were gradually either lost or buried under thick beds of younger alluvium. Palaeochannels act as reservoirs for fresh groundwater since they are made up of coarser sediments and were formerly flowing rivers. Depending on the groundwater regime and local topography, these could either be saturated or dry. The palaeochannels have high groundwater potential if saturated. These are ideal sites for artificial groundwater recharge, if dry. The identification of palaeochannels becomes quite challenging if they are buried under thick deposits of finer younger sediments. In the present study, an attempt has been made to characterize the Saraswati River Palaeochannel in parts of Yamuna Nagar and Kurukshetra districts of Haryana by using surface and subsurface geophysical methods. Till date, the palaeochannels in this area were mainly discerned on the basis of remote sensing only; therefore, geophysical characterization of these palaeochannels has been attempted in this study. In surface geophysical methods, electrical resistivity surveys, especially gradient resistivity profiling (GRP) and vertical electrical sounding (VES), were conducted in the study area, while electrical and natural gamma logging was used as subsurface geophysical approaches to identify the coarser sands of buried palaeochannels. The main objective of the study was to characterize the Saraswati River palaeochannel and analyze the quality of the groundwater stored in the palaeochannel in the study area. The findings were compared with the well-log data and were found in good agreement.

Potential and Performance of Poplars under Short Rotation Agroforestry Models: A Case Study of Yamunanagar District of Haryana

Potential and Performance of Poplars under Short Rotation Agroforestry Models: A Case Study of Yamunanagar District of Haryana

Causes and Effects of Unemployment in India: With Special Reference to Rural Areas of Yamuna Nagar District of Haryana

In underdeveloped countries unemployment is both open and disguised. Presently like all other underdeveloped countries, India suffers mainly from structural unemployment which exists in open and disguised forms. Unemployment which prevails in India is definitely structural in nature. During the 1951-2011 period, population in India increased at an alarming rate of around 2.1% per annum and with it the number of people coming to the labour market in search of jobs also rose rapidly. But due to slow economic growth rate, employment opportunities did not increase most of the time correspondingly, which results into an increase in the volume of unemployment. Apart from structural unemployment, there is Keynesian involuntary unemployment prevails in India. The present paper defines the situation of unemployment in India with special reference to rural areas of Haryana. Haryana is a state where agriculture and Industrial Sector and Service sector all have shown a good performance in the Gross Domestic Product. Since its creation, the economic growth of Haryana is very high. But it is also true that Haryana is also facing the problem of unemployment. The level of development of a country determines the extent of employment or unemployment. Therefore, when a country makes progress size and its production expands, the employment opportunities grow. During the past three decades, the production has expanded in all the sectors of the Indian economy. Absolute level of employment has grown in response to these developments, but was not found enough to remove the unemployment in the economy. However, during the planning period, unemployment in absolute terms has increased, not in a single state but in whole country. This present paper defines the unemployment situation that prevails in India with special reference to Haryana.

Investigation of radiation dose-dependent risk on individuals due to drinking water ingestion in Yamunanagar District, India

Investigation of radiation dose-dependent risk on individuals due to drinking water ingestion in Yamunanagar District, India

Impact of Pre and Post-emergence Herbicide Mixtures in Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major source of food for more than half of the world population especially in South and Southeast Asia and Latin America. A field experiment was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Yamunanagar district, Haryana during Kharif season of 2022 to study the effect of pre and post-emergence herbicides combinations herbicides in direct-seeded rice under irrigated condition. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized block design with three replications. The weed management treatments were T1: Pendimethalin + pyrazosulfuron T2:Pendimethalin + pyroxasulfone, T3:Pretilachlor + pyrazosulfuron, T4: Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl with safener + ethoxysulfuron,T5: Cyhalofop-butyl + penoxsulam and metsulfuron-methyl + chlorimuron-ethyl, T6.:Triafamone + ethoxysulfuron, T7: Pendimethalin + pyrazosulfuron fb bispyribac-sodium, T8: Pendimethalin + pyroxasulfone fb bispyribac-sodium, T9:Pretilachlor + pyrazosulfuron fb bispyribac-sodium, T10:Pendimethalin fb fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + ethoxysulfuron T11: Weed free, T12:Weedy check. Among herbicides, application T10 (pendimethalin fb fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + ethoxysulfuron) and T5 (cyhalofop-butyl+ penoxsulam and metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron ethy (pre-mix) was superior over other treatment. Application of pendimethalin fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + ethoxysulfuron reduced 58.89% grassy weed and 50 % BLWs compared to weedy check plot at 60 DAS. Assessment at 60 DAS and at harvest showed that bispyribac-sodium was effective in controlling E. colona and E. crus-galli. However, bispyribac-sodium did not control D. aegyptium and L. chinensis. Fenoxaprop significantly reduced the densities of Dactyloctenium aegyptium, L. chinensis, and Digitaria sanguinalis. Fenoxaprop tank-mix with ethoxysulfuron appeared to be synergistic for the control of E. crusgalli and E. colona, and Cyperus sp. as this tank mixture. Integration of pendimethalin fb fenoxaprop-p-ethyl+ ethoxysulfuron provided control of all type of weeds with highest grain yield (6.1 t ha-1) among different treatments which was statistically at par with weed free (6.3 t ha-1). In economics points of views, the highest B-C ratio (3.03) was obtained in cyhalofop-butyl + penoxsulam + metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron ethy followed by pendimethalin fb fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + ethoxysulfuron (2.98).

Geo-electrical resistivity–based study to estimate the aquifer parameters—a study in parts of Yamuna Nagar District, Haryana State, North India

Geo-electrical resistivity–based study to estimate the aquifer parameters—a study in parts of Yamuna Nagar District, Haryana State, North India

Regional Disparities in Agriculture Development in Haryana during Post Liberalisation Era

The main objective of the present study was to examine the district-level regional disparities in the agriculture development of Haryana. The study computed an agricultural development index using the Wroclaw taxonomic method, selecting 23 key agricultural indicators. The finding confirmed that the agricultural disparities had widened over the period in Haryana, where Yamuna Nagar and Kurukshetra districts had a high level of agricultural development. In contrast, Mahendragarh, Nuh, Rewari, and Bhiwani lagged in agricultural development. In addition, northern Haryana was prosperous in agricultural development, except for Panchkula and Panipat districts and the southern state had fallen behind in agricultural development, except for Palwal and Faridabad. The government should focus on lagging indicators in low and low-middle-developed districts to achieve balanced regional development

Marketing Chain, Price Spread and Efficiency of turmeric Crop in Yamunanagar district of haryana (india)

Marketing Chain, Price Spread and Efficiency of turmeric Crop in Yamunanagar district of haryana (india)

Cost and Return Analysis of Tomato Cultivation in Haryana

The study was carried out in Yamuna Nagar, Kurukshetra, and Karnal districts of Haryana during 2021-22. A total of 210 tomato growers were interviewed to collect data to study the thorough cost and return analysis of tomato cultivation. Tomato cultivation was a profitable venture for farmers with a BC ratio of 1: 1.86. The per hectare cost of cultivation was worked out to be Rs. 305701.14 of which major contributors were rental value of land (24.96%), picking/harvesting charges (15.44%), transportation (11.61%) and nursery raising/seed (5.74%). The gross return, return over variable cost and net return per hectare were Rs. 569528.28, 412210.72, and 263827.14 on an overall basis. The production cost per quintal of tomato was computed to be Rs. 707.23 per quintal. It was suggested that farmers should take tomato cultivation with a business and market-oriented approach to compete with the challenges of the glut situation and opt cooperative approach in the production and selling of crops to avail maximum profit by reducing the cost of inputs and transportation and ultimately improving bargaining and negotiating power for better price availing.

Constraints in cultivation under sugarcane based intercropping systems in Yamunanagar district of Haryana

Constraints in cultivation under sugarcane based intercropping systems in Yamunanagar district of Haryana

An economic appraisal of front-line demonstrations on spring moong in Yamunanagar district of Haryana

An economic appraisal of front-line demonstrations on spring moong in Yamunanagar district of Haryana

Constraints Faced by Tomato Growers at Production and Marketing Level in Haryana

The tomato is the most consumed vegetable in raw or processed form in every house and its demand is throughout the year. The present study was carried out in the Kurukshetra, Karnal, and Yamunanagar Districts of Haryana in 2022-23. The data was collected from a sample of 210 farmers with the help of a well-structured interview schedule with the objective to study the constraints faced at the production and marketing levels. The analysis of data was done with the Garrett ranking technique. The study concluded that the major problem at the production level was climate vagaries (79.01), high labor cost (74.60), high incidence of insect, pest, and disease (70.52), high cost of tomato seed (62.75) and lack of skilled labor during peak time (59.79). At the marketing level, frequent price fluctuation (82.90), lack of cold storage and warehouse facilities (72.38), high transportation cost (68.83), and quality deterioration during transportation (61.07) were found to be major constraints. Extension programs focused on creating awareness among farmers on prevailing schemes, subsidies and hi-tech farming methods such as controlled climate production can be helpful in overcoming the constraints.

Assessment of Soil Fertility Status of Radaur Block of Yamunanagar District of Haryana for Better Fertilizer Management

The present investigation was carried out to assess the fertility status of the soils of Radaur Block in Yamunanagar, Haryana. The results presented are compiled using the soil test report of two hundred thirteen soil samples collected from 0-15 cm depth by the farmers of Radaur during 2021-22 and bought to Regional Soil Testing Laboratory, CCS HAU, KVK, Karnal for analysis. The observed data revealed that pH of almost 99.53% soil samples were near neutral ranging between 7.1- 8.0. This pH range is very much appropriate for the availability of majority of plant nutrients. Likewise 96.71% soil samples exhibited EC in very low range making the soil very much suitable for agricultural activities. About 8.45 and 29.11% of Radaur block were found deficient in OC and available K content, respectively. OC status of the soil depicts that 83.09% soil samples were in medium range of OC content and only 8.45% samples exhibited high OC content. As far as P availability is concerned nearly 74% of the soil samples were having available P in high range clearly indicating the buildup of P in Radaur soils. Although none of the sample was found deficient in available P content. Contrary to K status of Yamunanagar soils in 2010-11, in 2021-22 exactly 10 years later the scenario has completely changed and a continuous decline in available K status is exhibited. This decline may be due to low rate of K application through fertilizer and manures with K removal by crops exceeding the replenishment. The results revealed that only 9.39% soil samples were in high range and 61.50% in medium range of K availability.

Economic Analysis of Marketing and Storage of Onion Cultivation in Yamunanagar, Haryana

The current research was carried out in the Yamunanagar district of the state of Haryana due to the greater area of onions being grown there. In the study multi stage purposive sampling was used. The current research concluded that the cost of production per quintal in the studied region was ₹594.62. The major cost incurred on items included rental value of land (₹17365.20), fertilizers (₹3948.41), plant protection (₹1479.28) and seed cost (₹8753.73), respectively. The average yield of onion was 126.53 quintals per acre. The average variable cost was ₹45401. The gross return per acre was ₹165754.30 and net return was recorded ₹90515.90 per acre. While channel-I was observed that to have the greatest disposal of onion produce, channel-III was determined to be the most effective of the different marketing channels. It was shown that onion producers might increase their profits up to six months of storage before they began to lose money. After 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months in storage, the farmer earned ₹125.89, ₹176.52, and ₹210.53 per quintal, respectively.

A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practice Regarding Domestic Waste Management and its Effects on Health among Homemakers in Selected Urban Areas of Yamunanagar District, Haryana

Background: Garbage management and water cleanliness are major driving forces for community health in India, yet waste disposal is frequently overlooked. As a result, trash management is critical since carelessly placed rubbish can pose health, safety, and economic issues. To avoid harming the world and its ecosystems while maintaining a high quality of life for the planet's inhabitants, humans must manage and store their waste efficiently and safely. Aim: Present study aims to assess the knowledge and practice regarding domestic waste management and its effects on health among homemakers in selected areas of the Yamunanagar district. Method: Non-experimental descriptive survey research approach was used for this study and the study was conducted in selected areas of Yamunanagar district, Haryana. A total of 100 samples of homemakers were selected by using non-probability purposive sampling technique. A structured knowledge questionnaire and checklist were prepared to assess the knowledge and practice of homemakers regarding domestic waste management. Results: The result shows that the majority of them 42% had moderate knowledge and 34% had good knowledge. Poor knowledge was seen among 24%. The majority of the homemakers in the study 53% had average practice, 27% had a good practice and 20% had poor practice regarding domestic waste management. Conclusion: The overall findings of the study revealed that more than half of the homemakers had moderate knowledge and average practice regarding domestic waste management. Hence it concluded that further improvement of knowledge and practice on domestic waste management is needed in this area. The researcher here emphasizes that more research is needed to understand how to improve the knowledge and practice regarding domestic waste management.

Species Composition and Economic Evaluation under Agroforestry Practices in three districts of Haryana

The study is the outcome of status and economic evaluation of poplar, eucalyptus and other species based agroforestry practices adopted by farmer in Ambala, Kurukshetra and Yamunanagar districts of Haryana. The Populus deltoides and Eucalyptus spp. were dominant commercial species of agroforestry systems followed. Block plantation was adopted highest in Kurukshetra followed by Yamunanagar and Ambala while boundary plantations were also found highest in Ambala than Yamunanagar and Kurukshetra. Among species, poplar was major component in Yamunanagar followed by Ambala and Kurukshetra and Eucalyptus had major composition in Kurukshetra than Ambala and Yamunanagar. Among horticulture species, mango, guava etc. were found maximum in Yamunanagar followed by Ambala and Kurukshetra while the forestry species like neem, drek, shisham etc were also found in the trend of Yamunanagar, Kurukshetra and Ambala districts. The overall net return was found higher under block system than the bund system in poplar based agri-silviculture system. In commercial terms, the B:C ratio was found higher from Poplar based in block planting than poplar based on bund planting in agri-silviculture system. Similarly, net returns were also obtained from eucalyptus based agroforestry systems. Comparatively as per net returns and B:C ratio in the block system were found more economic to bund systems.

Study of Potato Growers in Haryana with Special Reference to the Production Constraints

The present study determines that the potato growers are facing many constraints in the production process of potato in Haryana state. The supply chain of different agricultural commodities in India is facing challenges starting from the inherent problems of the agricultural sector. The farmers in the study area are facing various major constraints in the cultivation of potato. The study was carried out at Pipli and Shahabad blocks of Kurukshetra district and, Radaur and Sadhaura blocks of Yamuna Nagar district of Haryana state as both districts is the highest producer of potato in the state. Fifty number of farmers were surveyed from each block of the district thus covering a total of 200 farmers. Henry and Garrett’s technique was utilized to determine the constraints faced by the potato growers in the area. The cost of potato seed is very much high and is given the first rank among all the constraints. There is a need to formulate favorable policies by the central as well as state government regarding the direct procurement of the farmers by the government agencies to maximize the producer’s share in consumer’s rupee. The farmers always faces disease incidence and there is a need to develop disease resistant varieties by the research institutions to minimize the losses of the farmers. The raw input materials should be made available at nearest point to the farmers to minimize the cost of cultivation of the potato