Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District Research Articles

Environmental Monitoring of Industrial Single-Industry Towns in the Arctic: Analyses and Recommendations

This research analyses Arctic single-industry towns’ pollution levels in order to identify the most problematic areas and develop recommendations to reduce negative impact on Arctic environment. For this purpose, extensive data processing was carried out, which is resulted in ranking of 18 Arctic single-industry towns in terms of pollution indicators of both air and water. The top 5 most polluted singleindustry towns include such cities as Norilsk, Severodvinsk, Vorkuta, Kostomuksha and Segezha. However, recently various actors have been actively working on environmental rehabilitation in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Thus, in 2023, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Arkhangelskaya Oblast and Republic of Karelia increased their positions among other Arctic regions. These regions hosted large-scale environmental actions, environmental lectures, research and launch of energy infrastructure facilities. Data on major federal projects dealing with environmental rehabilitation in single-industry towns (the Clean Arctic project, the Ecology national project) are also provided in this article.

A versatile, semi-automated image analysis workflow for time-lapse camera trap image classification

Camera traps are a powerful, practical, and non-invasive method used widely to monitor animal communities and evaluate management actions. However, camera trap arrays can generate thousands to millions of images that require significant time and effort to review. Computer vision has emerged as a tool to accelerate this image review process. We propose a multi-step, semi-automated workflow which takes advantage of site-specific and generalizable models to improve detections and consists of (1) automatically identifying and removing low-quality images in parallel with classification into animals, humans, vehicles, and empty, (2) automatically cropping objects from images and classifying them (rock, bait, empty, and species), and (3) manually inspecting a subset of images. We trained and evaluated this approach using 548,627 images from 46 cameras in two regions of the Arctic: “Finnmark” (Finnmark County, Norway) and “Yamal” (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Russia). The automated steps yield image classification accuracies of 92% and 90% for the Finnmark and Yamal sets, respectively, reducing the number of images that required manual inspection to 9.2% of the Finnmark set and 3.9% of the Yamal set. The amount of time invested in developing models would be offset by the time saved from automation after 960 thousand images have been processed. Researchers can modify this multi-step process to develop their own site-specific models and meet other needs for monitoring and surveying wildlife, balancing the acceptable levels of false negatives and positives.

Sustainable Development of Mining Regions in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

The Arctic’s specific conditions require increased attention to natural and human capital. Therefore, implementing the principles of the sustainable development concept, balancing economic, social, and environmental goals is of paramount importance. Mining is at the heart of the strategy for the socio-economic development of Russia’s Arctic territories. This study’s objective is topical: to justify measures lifting the restrictions on sustainable development of AZRF (the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation) mining regions. The authors propose a method to identify AZRF regions where mining determines the socio-economic development level (Komi Republic, Nenets Autonomous District, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Yakutia, and Chukotka Autonomous District). The multi-factor regression analysis conducted confirms the hypothesis that living standards and achievement of social standards in the AZRF mining regions depend on the income and fiscal capacity levels, which makes the state more responsible for the region’s development. The authors prove the expediency of reconsidering the proportions of rental income redistributed between the budgets of the AZRF mining regions and the federal budget in favor of the former, until migration and natural population growth become positive and reach the target indicators of strategies of socio-economic development. The study’s results can be used to justify the state policy while elaborating strategies for AZRF development.

Особенности организации изгородного содержания северных оленей в лесной зоне Тюменского Севера

Abstract. The purpose of the research is based on the analysis of historical and modern experience of hedge keeping of reindeer, to determine the possibilities and tasks of creating reindeer farms in the forest zone of the Tyumen North. Methods. During the study historical, expert and comparative analysis, structural analysis, monitoring, analogy, generalization were used. Results. The hedge keeping of reindeer in the Subarctic regions has been used for about a hundred years, but today it requires a new conceptual approach to the design of farms in the forest zone. Almost 700,000 domestic reindeer are grazed in the Tyumen region are the largest population in the Arctic and Subarctic. The pastures of the tundra zone are mainly used for grazing deer – 92% of the herds are located here in the summer. Due to the excess of the project reindeer capacity, pastures in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District have been in a state of long-term overgrazing for the last 30 years and require a reduction in pastoral load. One of the ways to optimize the tundra grazing of deer is to transfer some of the animals to free forest pastures. Since 2019 In the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, a production experiment is being conducted on year-round grazing of reindeer herds in a forest area using hedges. A monitoring study of two hedge farms in the forest zone of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District was conducted. The implementation of projects to create hedge farms for reindeer in the forest zone of the Tyumen North will not only relieve tundra pastures, but also solve a number of socio-economic, environmental, technological issues in the territories of traditional nature management in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District and KhMAO-Yugra. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a comprehensive approach to the tasks and goals of designing forest farms for hedging reindeer, which includes not only the technological features of the projects, but also their social significance for the indigenous small population of the North.

Healthcare-associated infections in the constituents of Ural and Siberian Federal Districts: results of monitoring their identification and registration in 2022 and in long-term dynamics

Rationale. Monitoring of HAI (health care-associated infections) detection and registration of is one of the key components in the information subsystem of epidemiological surveillance for these infections. Despite a well-established HAI recording system in the Russian Federation as a whole, the constituents of the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts have different approaches to detection of these infections, which is confirmed by the final rating scores of their detection and registration.
 Objective. We studied HAI detection and registration in the constituents of the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts for ranking and rating their systems of epidemiological HAI surveillance.
 Materials and methods: The data of federal statistical monitoring forms No. 2 "Information on infectious and parasitic diseases" and No. 23-17 "Information on outbreaks of infectious diseases as well as from additional enquiry materials "Information on medical manipulations and cohorts treated" in 20182022 submitted by the Rospotrebnadzor offices of the respective Russian Federation constituents compared with the long-term and Russias nationwide averages. The quality of HAI registration in the healthcare institutions of the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts was rated using grouping by intensive incidence indicators, and the most significant groups of infections and risk cohorts were selected for analysis.
 Results: The results of the HAI detection and registration by the most significant groups of infections and risk cohorts among the patients and healthcare workers were analyzed. The data on the group and outbreak HAI morbidity in the healthcare institutions are presented. The quality of HAI detection and registration in the constituents of the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts was rated, and the subjects were ranked with regard to the activity of their epidemiological surveillance system.
 Conclusion: Active detection and registration of HAI cases over several years is typical for the healthcare institutions of Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk Oblasts as well as Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Consistently low rating scores of the studied parameters are typical for the healthcare institutions of the Republics of Tyva, Altai and Krasnoyarsk Krai.

Статистическая оценка достижения стратегической цели по продолжительности жизни населения арктических регионов России

Increasing the life expectancy of the Russian population is the most important goal of the country’s national policy. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this indicator has decreased in most countries worldwide, including Russia, which necessitates research in this domain. Life expectancy levels greatly vary across Russian regions. The goal of this study is to evaluate the extent to which the targeted life expectancy goals have been attained in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation. The study relies on the systems approach, the critical approach, content analysis, and demographic analysis. The novelty of the study lies in the conclusion that the life expectancy target outlined in the Strategy for the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and Provision of National Security for the Period up to 2035, aimed at reaching the level of 78 years by 2024, will not be met. This assertion is substantiated by an analysis of long-term trends. The Arctic regions are categorized based on their progress toward the strategic life expectancy goal: the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District has come closest to achieving it, while the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Karelia, and the Arkhangelsk Region face the most challenging circumstances. We have identified key avenues for increasing life expectancy in each Arctic region, with measures to prevent mortality from external causes showing significant potential for reducing premature deaths. A comparative analysis shows that at the current state of healthcare infrastructure development in Russia, regional differences do not exert a decisive impact on life expectancy. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen efforts to encourage regular medical check-ups, making them an annual practice for all age groups. This approach would facilitate the early diagnosis of critical illnesses and reduce premature mortality. As a rule, the availability of medical services in the Russian Arctic is higher than the average around the country, as evidenced by statistical data on the development of a network of medical institutions and their medical staffing. Also, most Arctic regions have a lower proportion of the rural population than the national average, with the exception of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Telemedicine and mobile healthcare services should be used more actively, particularly in locations such as remote settlements, onshore and offshore oil platforms, and nomadic routes. There is a need for an effective mechanism of government support for corporate employee wellness programs that make a real contribution to reducing the loss of work time due to sick leaves. It is also vital to promote a healthy lifestyle, engaging the population in physical activities and sports, as the Russian Arctic already has the necessary facilities and conditions.

ПОТЕНЦИАЛ КРЕДИТНО-ФИНАНСОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ СУБЪЕКТОВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that for any state, the development of the financial and credit system is an important factor determining economic growth, expanding potential opportunities and improving the standard of living of the population. The development of the financial system in Russia takes place in the context of complex macroeconomic changes, which are associated with both the global processes of adjusting the conditions of economic activity, and with the internal problems of stagnation of national economic development. The purpose of the research is to assess the potential of the credit and financial system at the level of the regions of the Russian Federation. Methodology. The methodological basis of the research was the dialectical method. The systemic and institutional approaches, analytical, cartographic and statistical methods were also applied in the work. Results. The financial and credit potential of regions is formed in the course of activity and development of state, municipal, corporate and private financial organizations, and household budgets. There is a lack of financial resources in Russia, which has a huge impact on the development of financial relations between economic entities. As a result of the assessment the following groups of Russia’s regions are identified by the potential of the credit and financial system: regions with high, medium, below average and low potential of the credit and financial sector. Conclusions. The regional structure of the Russian Federation is characterized by differentiated groups of regions. They differ in the scale of financial and credit potential in the sectoral context. The leaders are large financial centres (Moscow and St. Petersburg), regions with raw material exports (the Khanty-Mansi autonomous district, the Tyumen region, the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous district) and some industrial regions (the Republics of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan, the Perm Krai, the Samara and Sverdlovsk oblasts). Agrarian regions have the least financial potential, with the exception of the Krasnodar Krai.

New species of freshwater bryozoans Plumatella sibirica (Phylactolaemata), Western Siberia (Russia)

Western Siberia is the least studied region with respect to the distribution, ecology, and systematic composition of freshwater bryozoans. The collection of material on freshwater bryozoans of the West Siberian Plain was carried out as part of study of the zooperiphyton of the water bodies of the Tyumen region (including the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts) in 1987–2016. As a result of the collected material analysis, description of a new species of phylactolemic bryozoans (Bryozoa) Plumatella sibirica has been presented. The new species has autozooids in the form of tubules with a rounded cross section. Phlotoblasts are oval, with slightly narrowed poles. Size and surface morphology of flotoblasts and sessoblasts distinguish the species from related species Plumatella repens (Linn?) and P. buschnelli (Wood). The maximum biomass of zooperiphyton in forest-tundra lakes has been noted in communities dominated by large colonies of Plumatella sibirica, where this bryozoan is the absolute dominant. In the course of further studies, a new species of bryozoans Plumatella sibirica may also be found in other regions of Siberia.

Multidrug Resistance of <i>F. tularensis</i> subsp. <i>holarctica</i>, Epizootiological and Epidemiological Analysis of the Situation on Tularemia in the Russian Federation in 2022 and Forecast for 2023

The review provides concise information on the innate ability of cells of the tularemia pathogen, Francisella tularensis subsp. Holarctica, to resist antimicrobials through a variety of mechanisms, leading to its multi-resistance. In total, taking into account new territories, 120 cases of human infection were registered in the Russian Federation in 2022. Epizootic manifestations of the infection of varying degrees of intensity were detected in 58 constituent entities. Against this background, sporadic cases of tularemia in humans were reported in 18 regions of the country. An outbreak of tularemia occurred in the Stavropol Territory; the disease of mild and moderate severity was found in 76 people. The increased incidence of tularemia persists in the Republic of Karelia with severe cases of the disease in the absence of immunoprophylaxis of this infection in the region. A total of 61 cultures of the tularemia pathogen F. tularensis subsp. holarctica, out of which 20 erythromycin-resistant strains were isolated in the Stavropol Territory. In addition, 8 cultures of F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica from a silt sample and mites Dermacentor silvarum and Haemaphysalis concinna caught in the Republic of Altai were isolated. On the territory of the Russian Federation in 2022, 930 999 people were vaccinated and revaccinated against tularemia. Based on the analysis of the data obtained in 2022, epidemic complications in 2023 in the form of sporadic cases of the disease among the unvaccinated population are most likely to occur in the territories of the Central Federal District – in the Vladimir, Ryazan and Smolensk Regions; Northwestern Federal District – in the Arkhangelsk Region and the Republic of Karelia; Southern Federal District – in the Volgograd and Rostov Regions. The situation in the North Caucasian Federal District will remain tense in the Stavropol Territory; in the Volga Federal District – in the territories of the Saratov Region, as well as in the Kirov Region and the Republic of Mordovia; Ural Federal District – in Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts; Siberian Federal District – in certain territories of Omsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk Regions, Altai, Krasnoyarsk Territories; in the Far Eastern Federal District, the most intense epizootic activity of natural tularemia foci is in Primorsky Krai.

Forecast of the development of thermal erosion processes in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug under modern climate changes

The study of exogenous processes and their effects on natural and anthropogenic systems is a very important aspect for the development of Arctic territories. One of these processes is thermal erosion, which is widespread in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District due to the presence of permafrost in the vast majority of its area. The main prerequisites for the manifestation of thermal erosion processes can be divided into several groups of factors. Firstly, the geomorphological characteristics of the territory play a key role: the lengths and slopes. Secondly, the lithological and granulometric composition of rocks, as well as ice content and temperature, determine the resistance of the soil to the thermal and mechanical effects of flowing water. Thirdly, the amount of precipitation is an important factor, especially precipitation in winter and heavy rainfall in summer. They contribute to a high concentration of runoff in short periods of time, which leads to rapid destruction of rocks and the removal of large volumes of loose material. Finally, the fixation of the top layer of soils by the root system can be considered the main reason that counteracts the development of thermal erosion. The purpose of this study is a prognostic assessment of the risks of the development of thermal erosion processes in the context of the observed climate warming. To assess the risks, data from climate modeling of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District for the middle of the XXI century were used for an ensemble of climate models included in the CMIP6 project. The analysis of Google Earth satellite images and information about the geological and geomorphological features of the region are used for zoning the territory in terms of dynamics and dangers of thermal erosion. The result of the study was the compilation of a map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District by categories of risks associated with thermal erosion processes. It is shown that in the perspective of several decades, more than 50% of the region's area is subject to intensification of thermal erosion destruction of soils, which requires careful planning of economic development and design of protective structures. An attempt has been made to assess the impact of erosive and thermoerosive effects on the natural environment of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug due to climate change using the recommendations of this assessment by Order of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation dated 05/13/2021 N 267. Climatic factors can seriously enhance the causes and negative consequences of the development of thermoerosion, while local manifestations should be assessed using field data based on the calculation methods.

Estimation of the fishbone optimal orientation for a Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District oilfield

The objective is the junction zone of the multilateral fishbone wellbores planned at the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District oilfield. Reservoir rock stability around the junction area is estimated with the help of the full coupled 3D poroelastic modeling. In order to determine the optimal fishbone location, the different cases with the various sidetrack inclination, parent well orientation along the maximal and minimal horizontal stresses with the condition of sidetracking in the rock with standard and reduced strength were simulated. The permissible depression and repression values were estimated for each fishbone configuration. For the cases with unstable junction the safe pressure drop and overbalance for drilling regime were determined. It was shown that in the case when mudcake is formed on the wellbores wall the pressure drop can be essentially decreased with fishbone stability retention.

Experience in the study of the phenomenon of reverse mentoring in the system of general education

Introduction. One of the effective means of developing modern education is reverse mentoring. For its successful implementation, it is necessary to understand this phenomenon by the pedagogical community, in particular, teachers of educational institutions. The purpose of the work is to determine the level of understanding by teachers of general educational organizations of the essential and content characteristics of reverse mentoring. Materials and methods. The study used theoretical (theoretical analysis of the literature, generalization, classification) and empirical (analysis of regulatory documents, questionnaire survey) methods. The questionnaire survey involved 316 teachers of general education organizations (mentors and mentored people) from 8 regions of Russia (Nizhny Novgorod, Kurgan, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, Ulyanovsk, Sverdlovsk regions, the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District). The average age of the respondents is 36.69 years (ϭ=13.92), the average teaching experience is 12.73 years (ϭ=12.99); 7% men, 93% women. The questionnaire included 21 questions. The obtained data were processed by the methods of content analysis and mathematical statistics (descriptive statistics, Fisher's criterion). Research results. As a result of a questionnaire survey, it was revealed that teachers of general educational institutions are aware of the importance of using different types of mentoring, including reverse (41.5%); believe that they are included in the system of reverse mentoring (63%), but at the same time they do not understand the essential and substantive characteristics of the phenomenon of reverse mentoring. Thus, only 25.9% of respondents believe that within the framework of reverse mentoring, a young teacher teaches a more experienced one, and 24.4% that an older teacher in age, experience or position becomes a ward of an employee who is younger in these parameters. To determine the content characteristics of reverse mentoring, the characteristics of the mentor, identified by the respondents, were of particular importance. Conclusion. Based on the results, the methodological foundations of reverse mentoring were identified and its definition was formulated as a pedagogical interaction in which the mentor has a lower status (age, length of service, position) than that of the mentored person; aimed at filling the deficit of tutored in professionally significant competencies, based on trust, equality and active cooperation.

Реконструкция и реинтерпретация как феномены постсекулярного бриколажа

The article is devoted to the analysis of the mechanisms of formation of modern religious post-secular consciousness. The principal feature of this consciousness is the combination of religious and secular elements, which creates, according to the apt expression of the religious scholar Dm. Uzlaner, post-secular hybrids. It seems that the main mechanism for creating such hybrids is bricolage. Post-secular bricolage manifests itself in the phenomena of reconstruction and reinterpretation. The process of reconstruction is necessarily involved in the fixation and rationalization of religious tradition and has two components. Firstly, it is an appeal to the remnants of tradition preserved in folk beliefs and practices, and secondly, it is the use of materials of scientific ethnographic research, both conducted in the previous period and modern ones. The result of this process is the emergence of "neotradition", when the reconstruction of lost and forgotten practices based on scientific approaches leads to the emergence of post-secular hybrids, where the religious form of the recreated phenomena is combined with the secular goals of this activity and the secular understanding of their content. There is also reflection, comprehension of traditional beliefs, a certain theology of tradition is created, but in the process of this, concepts of secular scientific (or paranientific) language are often used, applied according to the principle of "everything will do", i.e., according to the principle of bricolage. Reinterpretation affects tradition more deeply. During reinterpretation, such a transformation of the religious system occurs, in which the primary system remains in the final product of the process as an element, and the original system is radically rethought, the product of reinterpretation is not completed, it is open for further changes. The reinterpretation product can also be characterized as a post-secular hybrid. Our proposed analysis of the features of the functioning of the mechanism of intellectual bricolage in the post-secular era, consideration of the phenomena of reconstruction and reinterpretation in this perspective gives, in our opinion, new tools for studying the processes of formation of modern religious consciousness.The conclusions of the article, in addition to the analysis of published studies of the modern religiosity of the peoples of the Russian Federation, are also based on field studies conducted by us since 2013 in the Nenets, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District and some other regions of the Russian Federation.

Prospects for the development of popular science tourism in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District

The article analyzes the existing approaches to the definition of the concepts of scientific tourism and popular science tourism. The author’s definition of popular science tourism is given. The main tourist resources of popular science tourism in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District have been identified. It has been established that despite the availability of resources, popular science tours in the region have not been developed. The availability of resources allows us to talk about the prospects for the development of popular science tourism in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District.

Data bank for road-building climatic zones in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District

The paper considers the problem of quality road construction and increasing their inter-repair period during the life cycle with respect to regional climatic conditions and differ entiation of road-building climatic zones in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. The main principles of the data bank formation for geographical complex modeling are described for the territorial integrity and homogeneity of individual District parts in the zone-subzoneroad district taxonomic system. Zone and subzone signs of the geographical complex are included in the data bank.

«Бог в тундре», «Бог в чуме» и «Бог в душе»: как советская секуляризация влияла на религиозность ненцев (НАО)

The modern processes of national revival of the minor indigenous people of Russia include not only a return to the origins of national culture, they also have a religious component. Attempts are being made everywhere to reproduce ancient religious traditions and cult practices. However, the transformation of the religious state that took place during the XX century has not been studied enough, in particular, we have little reliable data on how the active introduction of Soviet ideology influenced this. This article examines the secularization processes that took place during the Soviet period on the territory of the Nenets Autonomous District, reveals the peculiarities of their influence on the life of the minor indigenous people of Russia – the Nenets. The Nenets are heterogeneous due to their wide area of settlement; therefore, various factors influenced the formation of their religious worldview. The Nenets of the NAO differ from the Nenets living in the Yamalo-Nenets and Taimyr Autonomous Districts not only in their linguistic dialect, but also in their cultural traditions. When considering the Nenets of the NAO, it was revealed that the Soviet secularization influenced them to a greater extent than the Nenets of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District and the Taimyr Autonomous District. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to find out how the Soviet secularization influenced the worldview of the Nenets of the NAO. The methodology of this study is based on the K. Dobbelere’s concept of the three-level model of secularization. The materials of the State Archive of the Nenets Autonomous District, the local newspaper “Naryana Vynder” and the results of the field research on the territory of the Nenets Autonomous District from 2014 to 2019 were used as sources.

Specifics of Chemical Composition Origin of Surface Water in the Arctic Zone of Western Siberia

—One of the most urgent problems on which current studies of Arctic and subarctic territories are focused is how permafrost thawing can affect organic carbon fluxes and how these fluxes can influence the geochemistry of the surface and ground water. In addition to disturbing the carbon balance, permafrost thawing provokes the release of a significant amount of other chemical elements entering natural waters. The paper presents original data obtained by studying surface water in 2020 in the Yamalo–Nenets Autonomous District, which is situated in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Permafrost is widespread in the study area, as also are facilities of the oil and gas industry. This predetermines the importance of research on the chemical composition of natural water, its formation, and ecological–geochemical status, which are critical aspects for assessing the anthropogenic load and predicting the influence of climate changes on the biogeochemical cycles of chemical elements. In the course of our fieldwork, 47 surface water samples were taken in the basins of the Taz, Pur, Ob, and Nadym rivers: 23 samples from rivers and streams and 24 samples from lakes and thaw depressions. The sampling sites were chosen to as comprehensively as possible cover the lake–stream–river system in the catchment areas of major rivers of the Yamalo–Nenets Autonomous District. The chemical composition of the water samples was analyzed at a certified laboratory using methods conventionally applied in solving such problems. The data were processed using statistical methods, including the principal component analysis (PCA). Data analysis demonstrates that surface water in the study area is ultrafresh, with neutral or weakly alkaline pH values. Hydrocarbonate, calcium, and magnesium ions dominate in the ionic composition of the water, and ammonium contents are high in the waters of the lakes and thaw depressions. In addition, the ammonium concentration strongly positively correlates with the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and permanganate index (PI). It was found out that the streams (springs and rivers) differ from the lakes and the water of the thaw depressions in higher concentrations of main ions that are brought to the water mainly by natural factors (these are {text{HC}}{{{text{O}}}_{{text{3}}}}^{ - }, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+) and higher total dissolved solids (TDS) and pH values. In contrast, the water of the thaw depressions is characterized by the highest concentrations of DOC and the values of other parameters related to organic matter (N–{text{N}}{{{text{H}}}_{4}}^{ + }, COD, and PI). It was shown that the main factors that control the chemical composition of the water are its interaction with organic matter from organic (peat) soil horizons and the mineral components of the underlying rocks and soils. The former factor most significantly impacts the water of the thaw depressions, and the latter one affects mainly the chemical composition of the rivers and streams. The relatively high contents of the chloride and sodium ions in the water of the largest lakes are probably caused by the anthropogenic load.

Clinical Experience with Organ-Preserving Surgery in Placenta Accreta

Introduction. A higher number of repeated cesarean sections determine a higher risk of placental ingrowth into the scar area of the uterus. The absence of current clinical guidelines in this field necessitates the need for development of various methods for organ-preserving surgery in placenta accreta, which preserve a woman’s reproductive function, as well as reduce risks for future pregnancies and childbirth.Materials and methods. The paper presents the successful clinical experience of organ-preserving surgical treatment of placental ingrowth, excluding the stage of fundal cesarean section (Perinatal Center, Noyabrsk, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District).Case description. The paper describes two clinical cases of successful organ-preserving surgical treatment of placental ingrowth with preservation of reproductive function and provision of a more favorable prognosis for subsequent reproductive plans due to excluding formation of two scars on the uterus in different localizations.Results and discussion. Early dissection of adhesions in order to provide access to the surgical site is crucial and reduces the blood loss after fetal extraction and the risk of intraoperative complications such as bladder, ureteric and intestinal injury. Temporary compression hemostasis via performing endovascular temporary balloon occlusion of the infrarenal aorta, or via temporary turnstile hemostasis using a Foley catheter, allows for organpreserving surgery that excludes the formation of two scars on the uterus in different localizations without increasing the amount of blood loss.Conclusion. Surgical tactics in organ-preserving treatment of placental ingrowth excludes the stage of fundal cesarean section, and involves the cesarean section at the border of the uterine-placental hernia and the body of the uterus with subsequent metroplasty. The surgery performed demonstrate the optimal result – a relatively low blood loss, a short duration of the operation and, above all, more favorable prognosis for subsequent reproduction.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ В ЗЕЛЕНОЙ МАССЕ КУСТАРНИКОВ ВИДА BETULA NANA (БЕРЕЗА КАРЛИКОВАЯ) В УСЛОВИЯХ ПОВЫШЕННОЙ АНТРОПОГЕННОЙ НАГРУЗКИ

The features of the distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the green mass of Betula nana (dwarf birch) shrubs in the territories of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District exposed to anthropogenic load are considered. The relative concentrations of the elements Ni, Cu, Cd, Mn, Zn, Pb in the green mass of shrubs were determined. Elements (Cd, Ni, Mn) with abnormal concentrations in the studied green mass of the conditionally background territory, relative to the clark content in land plants, were identified. The anomalous content of cadmium, zinc and manganese in the Betula nana green mass is characteristic of all the considered areas with increased anthropogenic load, and high concentrations of copper and lead were also found in the area of the unpaved highway near Yar-Sale. Pb has the highest concentration coefficient in the area of a dirt road (11.81), Cd accumulation is most characteristic for the Betula nana cenopopulations near the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo railway (2.4), the highest concentration coefficient for Zn (14.24) was found in the area of the Salekhard-Aksarka highway and GTPP-3. The nature of the distribution of heavy metals from sources is also investigated, among the studied elements, the most distant transfer is characteristic of manganese, and cadmium and copper, on the contrary, are deposited on the territory adjacent to the sources. Conclusions are drawn about the main ways of heavy metals getting into the environment in the region.

Elemental composition of the oligotrophic peat soils in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (Western Siberia)

The research aimed to evaluate the specifics of the elemental composition of oligotrophic peat soils (Cryic Histosols) in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous district. The content of 32 chemical elements was analyzed in the soil samples using CHN Elemental Analyzer and the atomic emission method. The soil density, ash and organic carbon content were measured along with elemental composition. The ratio of TC/TN (total carbon to total nitrogen) and the degree of pedogenic maturity (degree of organic matter intramolecular oxidation) were calculated. The research shows that the elemental composition of the oligotrophic peat soils of flat-mound frost bogs in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District varies widely, and it is closely connected with organic matter features. The content of Ca, Cd, Pb, and Zn correlates negatively (ρ are from -0.71 to -0.63) with the total carbon content. Accordingly, the same elements interconnect with the degree of pedogenic maturity (ρ are from 0.66 to 0.74). Still, there is no dependency between the organic carbon content and the elemental composition of the peat soils. The following factors may result in this: residual eutrophication; the release of elements trace from permafrost sediments and their involvement in local hydrogeochemical fluxes; local geochemical features (for example, the proximity of the Polar Urals).