XVI-XVII Centuries Research Articles

Collection of Handwritten and Old Printed Books of the XVI–XX Centuries and Rare Editions of the Library Yekaterinburg Theological Seminary

The article presents the results of studying the collection of rare books and manuscripts of the library of the Yekaterinburg Theological Seminary. The characteristics of the collection and the history of its formation are given. The collection was based on the book fund of the Sverdlovsk Diocesan Administration and books from private donations. The collection of handwritten books includes four copies of the XVI century: the Ostrog Bible and three editions of Andronik Timofeyev Ignorant – Apostle in 1597 and two Octoechos (2nd part) in 1594. There are more than forty editions of the XVII century in the fund: mainly of the Moscow Printing Yard and three “Lithuanian” ones – the “disgraced” teaching Gospel by Cyril Tranquillion, 1619; Synopsis by Innokenty Gizel, 1680; Oktoikh of the second half of the XVII century. The earliest manuscript is the Gospel of 1630-1660, compiled in Galicia, with numerous notes of the owner. The XVIII century is mainly represented by Old Believers’ liturgical and reading (“chetyi”) collections of mixed composition. Collections with canons, akathists, and liturgical charters predominate among the manuscripts of the XIX century. Orthodox written tradition of the XIX–XX centuries is represented by educational literature and musical scores. The result of the research will be the preparation of catalogues of handwritten books of the XVII–XX centuries and books of the old printing of the XVI–XVII centuries from the library collection.

THE ATTEMPT TO RECONSTRUCT THE LIBRARY OF THE KREMENETS BASILIAN MONASTERY OF THE FIRST DECADES OF THE XIX CENTURY

The article attempts to reconstruct the genre and thematic composition of the library of the Kremenets Basilian Monastery, which was formed in the early 1820s, based on an analysis of the visitation protocol, in which a significant part is a description of the monastery library. At the beginning of the XIX century, the library had 2,156 volumes (1,241 works) published in the XVI–XVIII centuries and until 1821. Of these, 508 works (41%) date from the second half of the XVIII century. The presence in the library of 283 works (23%) published in 1801–1821 indicates that the library continued to be regularly replenished with new books. The geography of the publications covered the cities of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Germany, Austria, Italy, France, the Netherlands, Kyiv, Moscow, and Saint Petersburg. The basis of the library were works in Polish and Latin, numbered 640 and 440, respectively (52% and 35%). There were only 54 (4%) Cyrillic editions. The entire book collection is divided into thematic sections: Holy Scripture, divinity, law (civil and canonical), "books of ascetics," homiletics, philosophy, physics and mathematics, chemistry, geography, economics, history, rhetoric and poetics, "letters," grammar, medicine. In terms of the number of works, the largest is the section "History," which includes periodicals published in Warsaw and Vilnius in the early nineteenth century and fiction of instructive content. It is noted that many works by ancient authors, textbooks in many mathematical disciplines, dictionaries, phrasebooks, and grammars in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Polish, German, French, and Russian were kept in the monastery library. The conclusion is that the themes of the monastery library in Kremenets in the early XIXth century reflected the state of the rich spiritual life of the Basilians, which closely combined the traditions of the Orthodox and Catholic Churches. The Basilians, through preaching and missionary activity, indeed spread and consolidated in society the spiritual and moral values that they nurtured within the walls of the monastery. The library in general, reflected the development of education, science, art, and contemporary socio-political thought in the Ukrainian lands.

Money, Stock-Jobbing, and Corruption in England at the Turn of the XVII–XVIII Centuries

The article reconstructs the historical context that shaped the financial capitalism in England at the turn of the XVII– XVIII centuries. It focuses on the crisis of Christian values and the development of secular rationalistic morality. The author connected the socio-economic context of England in the early modern period with the intellectual atmosphere of the late Stuart era and the early Hanoverian dynasty. The problem is considered from three points of view: (1) economic and political situation in the context of mercantilism, (2) the South Sea Company as an example of the interaction between the corrupt cabinet members and the London merchants; (3) social attitude, e.g., D. Defoe's The Anatomy of the Exchange Lane or the Exchange Trading System (1719). The epoch under discussion saw the emergence of a bipolar world of the poor and the rich in Western Europe in the early XVIII century, when the society of landowners replaced the medieval hierarchy.

Історія в Українському таємному університеті (1921–1925 рр.)

The article considers and analyzes the origin and the activity of Ukrainian Secret University (USU) in Lviv through 1919–1925 and presents its significance for the development of Ukrainian national culture after the defeat of the Ukrainian liberation struggle in 1917–1921. Special attention focused on the reconstruction of historical studies at this university. General features of the USU history represented today in a number of essays and articles wrote by Ukrainian authors. This article offers new facts about the activities of USU teachers from unpublished materials of historians Myron Korduba and Ivan Krypiakevych, in particular about the organization and conduct the historical studies, conditions of teaching and learning. USU was established in Lviv in 1919 after the capture of the city and Eastern Galicia by Polish troops as a result of the Polish-Ukrainian war of 1918–1919 and the Polish administration introduction there. The defeat of the Ukrainian national liberation movement led to a policy of repression and persecution by the Polish authorities. There was a threat of liquidation the Ukrainian national life due to the lack of opportunities for national professionals training. The Ukrainian intelligentsia sought to use the organizational and cultural-scientific potential accumulated in the previous period to preserve and develop national culture and education, contrary to the prohibitions of the Polish administration. In 1919, Ukrainian scientists, united in the Shevchenko Scientific Society and with the support of leading Galician politicians, created “university courses”, which in 1921 were transformed into a Ukrainian university. Under the conditions of bans and persecution by the Polish authorities, the activities of the university took place semi-legally, and the institution itself in journalism and literature was soon called a “secret university”. Despite the persecution and repression USU went down in history as a powerful factor in the consolidation and mobilization of Ukrainian society after the defeats in the struggle for national statehood. During the existence of UTU more than 1,300 students studied there, and 55 professors and associate professors taught them. The Faculty of Philosophy of USU managed to create a “history department”, which in different years studied from 20 to 50 students, and teaching was conducted by famous Ukrainian historians Myron Korduba, Ivan Krypiakevych and some others. The article lists the subjects they taught, as well as the high level of history teaching. In particular, for the first time in Ukrainian historiography, the courses “Methodology of History” by M. Korduba, “Ukrainian Historiography” and “History of the Ukrainian State of the XVII-XVIII centuries” by I. Krypyakevych were read and later published here. The Polish authorities created constant obstacles for the work of USU and historians, used attacks, pogroms and arrests of participants, did not allow the creation of scientific societies, in particular the Ukrainian Historical Society in 1924. Despite the generally modest results of the Ukrainian Secret University in Lviv in 1919–1925, it was noted that what was done by the efforts of USU teachers in the scientific and didactic spheres was worthy of respect. The creation of the national higher school foundations in the conditions of the defeat of the national-state building and in spite of the power of the occupying state was a bright manifestation of the high patriotic consciousness and moral qualities of the Ukrainian Galician intelligentsia. The responsible attitude of the representatives of Ukrainian historical science to the fulfillment of their civic and professional duty deserves special mention. They were able to create the professional historical studies, through which many figures of national science and culture have passed. Historians who have made a great contribution to the preservation of the national consciousness and culture of the Ukrainian population of Galicia in the unfavorable conditions of the defeat of the liberation struggle, have managed to preserve and later increase the historical capital of national history. They continued to build a network of national public scientific, cultural, and educational organizations and societies in Poland, which replaced state institutions and thus ensured the further development of the Ukrainian cause.

Science of international law – since ancient times!

In modern doctrine, the emergence of science of international law in the ancient world is often overlooked or even outright denied. However, the most ancient legal treaties contain separate norms of international law, the formulation and application of which should have been carried out by specialists familiar with past and existing practice. In connection with the above, it seems relevant to understand the issue of the moment when the science of international law emerged. It is advisable to conduct a study of the works of ancient philosophers and legal scholars to formulate conclusions that international law has existed since the formation of the first states and is a consequence of the transfer of basic legal principles from domestic relations to external interstate ones. The research methodology is determined by its sources. The use of comparative, formal legal, historical research methods made it possible to achieve this goal. Based on the names and works of thinkers of ancient countries (China, India, Greece, Rome), it is argued that international legal thought existed in the ancient world. In conclusion, it is concluded that neither international law, nor its science were created in Europe in the XVIXVII centuries, as some researchers say. Both the emergence itself and the study of international law are objective processes that political life demanded and generated much earlier.

RELIGIOUS CONTROVERSIAL LITERATURE XVI-XVII CENTURIES. AS THE BEGINNING OF UKRAINIAN PEDAGOGICAL JOURNALISM

The article deals with the religious polemic literature of the XVI-XVII centuries regarded as the beginning of the Ukrainian pedagogical publicize.

Innovative Significance of Research of Traditional Architectural Features of Ganja

Ganja - an ancient center of urban culture with old history, that situated on the old Great Silk way, is rich with many historical and material-cultural monuments, which have their typical, unique trade and architectural characteristics. This city has more than 4000 years old and here there is one of the main and ancient historical monuments of Muslim East civilization – Imamzadeh tomb, Jomard Gassab mausoleum. This important monument is situated 7 kilometers from the city of Ganja, on the right shore of Ganjachai river. Imamzadeh complex is one the main symbols of Ganja city and important example of medieval architecture of Azerbaijan. At the present time, as one of the most valued places of pilgrimage of the Islamic world, Imamzadeh tomb-complex in Ganja is a sacred place for local population, as well as pilgrims that come from different foreign countries. Imamzadeh mausoleum, situated in one of the ancient scientific and cultural centers - Ganja State History-Culture Reserve, was built in 739, on site of the grave of mevlana Ibrahim. The historic monument of Ganja - Imamzadeh tomb-complex attracts the attention of a number of features from the point of multiculturalism view. Ganja Imamzadeh is an important pilgrimage shrine. This place is visited by thousands of people every year. It should be noted that the number of visitors is increasing every year as well as foreign countries. Interesting fact is that non-Muslims are also among that memorial. The mausoleum, built around the grave of mevlana Ibrahim in the VIII century, was enlarged in the XIV-XVI centuries, and subsidiary buildings around it were erected in the XVII-XVIII centuries. The tomb is the most important part of the Imamzadeh complex. The area of Imamzade complex was included in the property of the Sheykhzamanlis – the descendants of Nizami Ganjavi, the great Azerbaijani poet and philosopher. During several centuries the city grew, flourished and finally turned into one of the key regional centers of economy and culture. At different stages of the history of the capital city of Ganja status while maintaining the traditions of the ancient statehood and independence was of great importance. In spite of numerous destructions suffered through the history, Ganja remains a beautiful city with many ancient sites. Among them are the Big and Small Bridges (XII century), towers, the Friday Mosque, the madrasah, hamams and caravanserais, as well as Imamzadeh complex-a picturesque building with blue domes, constructed as a Mausoleum of Imam Bagir ibn Ibrahim. The historical and architectural complex, built in the XVII century by Sheikh Bahaaddin, is also worth mentioning. It includes Juma Mosque (called Friday or Shah Abbas Mosque), Chekak-Hamam (medieval bath) and a caravanserai.Ganja - an ancient center of urban culture with more than 4000 years history, that situated on the old Great Silk way, is rich with many historical and material-cultural monuments, which have their typical, unique trade and architectural characteristics.

Особенности формирования горнозаводской терминологии на Нерчинских заводах в конце XVII–XVIII веке

The article is written in the context of modern thermal studies, is devoted to the peculiarities of the formation of Nerchinsk mining terminology of the late XVII–XVIII centuries — the time of the formation of the Russian national language, including the language of science and developing industry. The relevance of this work is due to the need to study the professional language of the Nerchinsk factories of the XVII–XVIII centuries, when the first Russian silver was mined here. However, the terminology of the Nerchinsk factories of the late XVII–XVIII centuries remains little studied. The purpose of the study is to reconstruct, based on the materials of the documents of the Nerchinsk silver smelters of the late XVII–XVIII centuries. Professional speech usus of mining employees, to identify the peculiarities of the origin of mining terminology and to determine the periodization of its formation in Transbaikalia. The use of the comparative-historical method with the methods of etymological analysis, the method of contextual analysis of terminological vocabulary made it possible to partially reconstruct and determine three genetic sources of mining terms of this period in Transbaikalia: Russian colloquial uzus, Greek and German terminology — and accordingly distinguish the main stages of the formation of mining terminology of the Nerchinsky district: the first stage — “Russian folk colloquial” of the end of the XVII century using Russian words through their rethinking in the process of nominating production processes and facilities; the second stage — “Greek” at the beginning of the XVIII century with the introduction of Greek terms in connection with the arrival of Greek specialists; the third stage — the “German stage” since the 20s XVIII century, due to the all-Russian process of active introduction of German terminology. Subsequently, mining terminology in Transbaikalia was enriched with new terms, streamlined, systematized and unified according to the all-Russian emerging terminology system.

РАЗВИТИЕ ЗАПОВЕДНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ В РОССИИ В XVI–XXI ВВ.

The development of the reserve management and studies is considered in a historical retrospective from the 16th century to the present. The study of archival sources and studies of allied researchers (geographers, historians, biologists, ecologists, specialists in the field of conservation), it was reveals that the development of protected areas in Russia took place in five stages. At the first stage (XVI-XVII centuries), the formation of a general idea of the value of untouched natural complexes is considered, which is associated with the spiritual and religious conservation of territories. At the second stage (the end of the 19th -beginning of the 20th centuries), the organization and formation of the first nature reserves are being studied. At the third stage (the middle of the 20th century - the Great Patriotic War and the post-war period) is studied the functioning of the reserves, which took place under the conditions of their mass liquidation in the war and post-war period. The fourth stage (the end of the 20th century) can be characterized as the final formation of the reserve management and studies as a unique system of reserves in Russia, the features of this stage are being studied. At the fifth stage (the beginning of the 21st century to the present), the development of reserves is considered from the side of updating the conservation of natural complexes, as well as the promotion of ecological tourism through the formation of scientific and tourist-recreational clusters on the basis of protected areas and adjacent territories.

Upper Volga and Upper Podvine as part of the Russian State: General and Special Territorial Organization through the Prism of Geoinformation Technologies

The article discusses the results of the application of geoinformation technologies in the study of the historical geography of the Upper Volga and Upper Podvinya of the late XV – first half of the XVII century. The study included the development of historical GIS of Tver, Toropetsky, Rzhevsky, Novotorzhsky, Belsky counties and the Tver half of Bezhetskaya Pyatina. The main sources are scribal descriptions of the end of the XV - the first half of the XVII century, the assembly material is involved. Localization of toponymy of the XV-XVII centuries was made using sources of the XVIII-XIX centuries. The objectives of the study included the characteristics of the territorial organization of the studied territory of the Late Middle Ages and early Modern times, including the localization of territorial administrative units, borders, roads; characteristics of rural settlement, territorial organization of the peasantry in historical dynamics; identification of the features of the historical geography of land ownership in the region. The result of the use of GIS technologies in historical and geographical research, in addition to web GIS of applied importance, is the characteristic of the territorial-administrative and settlement structure of the region, which has both all-Russian and local features. Among the local features are specific types of territorial organization inherited from the pre–Moscow period - digests and dozens that persisted in the XVI-XVII centuries. in the Upper Podvinye and on the southeastern periphery of the Novgorod land. A dispersed settlement system was characteristic of the Upper Volga region, while a "nest" settlement system was identified in the Podvine region. The different nature of the entry into the Russian state determined the peculiarities of the formation of local land ownership in the studied areas. Archaic features are also evident here (in the preservation of official land ownership in the Mikulinsky camp-county).

Definition of the concept of social and pedagogical partnership as a mechanism for the development of an institution of additional education

The article deals with the phenomenon of socio-pedagogical partnership, shows the genesis of this concept in the historical aspect. Since the term “socio-pedagogical partnership” is a relatively ambiguous concept and has recently arisen in pedagogy, this article shows how the essence of this concept has changed at different stages. In the development of conceptual approaches to social partnership, several significant periods are distinguished, which makes it possible to judge the socio-pedagogical partnership as a development mechanism. In the development of conceptual approaches to social partnership, several significant periods can be distinguished. The first period dates back to antiquity. The second period from the XVI-XVII centuries. – the first half of the XVIII century marks the development of the concept of social partnership based on the ideas of the French Enlightenment and German philosophy. The period from the middle of the XX century is marked by the development of the ideas of civil society, the concept of social society and the construction of its models.

Macro X-ray fluorescence analysis of XVI-XVII century Italian paintings and preliminary test for developing a combined fluorescence apparatus with digital radiography

Using portable instruments for the preservation of artworks in heritage science is more and more common. Among the techniques, Macro X-Ray Fluorescence (MA-XRF) and digital radiography (DR) play a key-role in the field, therefore a number of MA-XRF scanners and radiographic apparatuses have been developed for this scope. Recently, the INFN-CHNet group, the network of the INFN devoted to cultural heritage, has developed a MA-XRF scanner for in-situ analyses. The instrument is fully operative, and it has already been employed in museums, conservation centres and out-door fields. In the present paper, the MA-XRF analysis conducted with the instrument on four Italian artworks undertaking conservation treatments at the conservation centre CCR “La Venaria Reale” are presented. Results on the preliminary test to combine DR with MA-XRF in a single apparatus are also shown.

СЫҒАНАҚ ҚАЛАШЫҒЫНДА ЖҮРГІЗІЛГЕН АРХЕОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ ЗЕРТТЕУ ЖҰМЫСТАРЫНЫҢ НӘТИЖЕЛЕРІ

As known, the ancient history of the city of Syganak lies underground. There are archaeological data in its archive. Therefore, by studying our own history and cultural monuments, we can acquaint the younger generation and the whole world with our history and culture. In addition, we can restore our damaged historical monuments and pass them on to future generations. To do this, we decided to analyze the results of archaeological research in the city of Syganak, which are found in historical data, and introduce them into scientific circulation.The article highlights the field research of researchers of the Scientific Research Institute of Archeology of the H.A. Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University in the medieval settlement of Syganak. The article highlights the results of excavations carried out at excavation site No. 18 and section No. 1, and shows that it consists of two stages of building horizons. After analyzing the vessels and fragments of ceramics, it was found that the upper layer belongs to the XVII–XVIII centuries, and the lower one to the XV–XVI centuries. In addition, during the excavations at this site, a family burial was discovered and described in this article. Analyzing the fragments of pots and pottery fragments obtained from section No 1, it was established that the upper layer belongs to the 19-th century, and the lower one, to the period of the 17-th-18-th centuries.

Impacts of Chinese Population Migration on Vietnamese Hoi An’s Socio-Economic Development in the XVI-XVIII Centuries

Hoi An was one of the important economic, cultural, and commercial centres of Vietnam in the period of the XVI-XVIII centuries. The establishment and development of the Hoi An seaport were closely attached to the migration and trade of Chinese merchants in addition to the favourable policies of the Nguyen lords. Together with Japanese and Vietnamese merchants, Hoa merchants carried out trading activities proactively and contributed a significant part to the domestic and foreign trade in Hoi An, making it a busy commercial centre and the largest seaport of Cochinchina in the 16th–18th centuries. However, so far, the study of the role of the Chinese in commercial activities in Hoi An has not been fully and systematically studied. Based on the results of previous researchers, the article focuses on understanding the process of migration of the Chinese to the land of Hoi An, and at the same time, outlines the exchange and trade activities, as well as the contributions of the Chinese people to the economic and social development of Cochinchina in particular, and Dai Viet in general.

To sources of polysematics Kitch (on the example of the “spiritual song” of the XVII–XVIII centuries)

The article proposes a consideration of the phenomenon of Kitch in the context of the development of the culture of Western Europe, the flow of cultural processes of which was significantly different from the processes that occurred in the culture of the colonized part of Ukraine in the 17–19th centuries. The main reason for such differences was primarily in aristocratic imperatives and educational tendencies, which aggregately contributed to the development of art in the whole Europe. During this period, Ukraine was at the crossroards of Metropoles and, as a result of historical circumstances, was not able to develop similarly to Western European conditions. The lack of dominant role in society, and, in particular, the absence of universities, concentrated creative progress within church art and imitation of western samples, as well as the development of amateur art, which will form a whole layer of “Grassroots” culture. In fact, in the Baroque period in Ukraine only polyphony was introduced into the liturgical rite and a party concert on the Western model was staged. At the same time, the musically educated intelligentsia, which was concentrated at Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, composed chants, spiritual songs and brought them to the lower strata of society. Since all this was closely connected with the church rite, over time, the leading place in society was taken by the spiritual aristocracy, which gradually took over the educational mission of the people. The introduction of the practice of salons in Ukraine in the 19th century, the tradition of home music, in fact, had no resistance, because this tradition was nurtured mainly in the families of priests, who at that time had an authoritative influence on the processes taking place in society. On this basis, the use of means of “Kitch” was detected long before this term appeared with internal polysemantic characteristics in Germany of the XIX century. We believe that kitsch in music appeared when the society intuitively needed it, even in periods when this term did not yet exist, but the principles and methods that later became the basis of definition, and formed the basis of the conceptual structure of kitsch, had already been in existence. In essence, kitsch was a measure that balanced culture within different social strata and social needs, as well as disseminated it. Differences in the functioning of the kitsch phenomenon were observed: in European countries kitsch had negative semantics, in Ukraine, on the contrary, the most relevant examples of European cultural achievements were spread and interpreted in their own way. This blurred the border between “low” and “high” culture. Apparently, this is the main reason that the phenomenon of “kitsch” in Ukrainian culture played a positive role, helped to supplement the missing links and relieved tension in the confrontation between “an original” and “a copy”. This prepared a solid foundation for the emergence of Ukrainian professional art in the twentieth century.

Bukhara-India Relations during the Ashtarkhanid Dynasty

This article deals with the foreign diplomatic relations of the Ashtarkhanid dynasty with India, which ruled the Bukhara Khanate in the middle of the XVII-XVIII centuries. When the Ashtarkhanid dynasty came to power, it maintained active diplomatic relations with its closest neighbors in the region, the Khiva Khanate, Iran, the later Kokand Khanate, and other countries. In this regard, in the diplomatic relations with the Baburid dynasty we are talking about, the relations between the Baburid rulers Jahangir, Shah Jahan and subsequent rulers of Imamqulikhan, Nadir Muhammad and other Ashtarkhani rulers were discussed.

Constitutional principles of political parties in Georgia

Political parties, in their present form, have only emerged in the new age. The parties ("Whigs" and "Tories") formed in England in the XVII-XVIII centuries are mentioned in a form close to modernity. As a result of the French Revolution, groups were already emerging in many states to march against the existing establishment. Classical political parties have emerged since the 19th century in Europe and the United States. The parties did not emerge on empty ground. Each social sister-group was a bearer of a certain ideological unity and interests. The formation of political parties in Georgia began in the 1990s, and before the restoration of independence, in fact, there was a complete political spectrum - political parties with their party structures, ideology and supporters. As for the term itself - "party", it is derived from the Latin word (pars, partis) and refers to na-tsil, a group. The term is used to refer to an organized group of people seeking political power through democratic elections or revolution. The purpose of this article is to review the legislation of Georgia on political parties, the legal regulation of the party and the constitutional principles on the basis of which political parties should carry out their activities.

Ономастикон татарских письменных источников (на примере письменного памятника «Дафтар-и Чингиз-наме»)

The aim of the study is to identify the semantic and structural-grammatical features of onomastic units in the Tatar written source “Daftar-i Chingiz-name” by the anonymous author (the XVII-XVIII centuries). The scientific originality of the work is due to the fact that the onomastic units of the Tatar language of the XVII-XVIII centuries are for the first time subjected to lexico-grammatical description and systematization. Basing on the analysis, three groups of onyms are distinguished: anthroponyms, toponyms and hydronyms. As a result of our analysis, it has been revealed that onomastic units of written sources are a means of transmitting ethnocultural information in the Tatar people’s ideas, a source for studying the Tatar language onomastics.

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Secular etiquette and the "art of liking" in French moralistic literature of the XVII-XVIII centuries.

The subject of the study is the French moralistic literature of the XVII - first half of the XVIII century. The author examines the period of the formation of the monarchy of the classical model, the time of the change of the heroic chivalrous ideal by the ideal of a noble, and then a gallant man. This transition was due to the need for the coexistence of a large number of courtiers in a small space of the courtyard and occurred through the introduction to essentially humanistic concepts such as "civilit", "politesse" and a rationalistic model of thinking. This brought to life a flood of literature about life at court, the upbringing of a nobleman, courtesy, the art of being liked in the light, which swept the book market. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the analysis of numerous sources of the XVII - first half of the XVIII century on etiquette, demeanor and the art of being liked in the light. As a result, the author came to the conclusion that all this literature was of a practical nature. The manner of behavior, etiquette were not considered as a set of frozen rules. All these rules were aimed at educating and forming a society of noble people, which is based on respect for all participants in communication. The relevance of this topic is that the analysis of French moralistic literature may be interesting for socio-cultural research. Since the new court ethos was embedded in the monarchical model and cemented by the ideology of the "noble" and then the "gallant" person. In addition, the value system, etiquette and behavioral model that emerged in this era, reflected in the moralistic literature, formed the basis of communication, aesthetic assessments and value attitudes of the ruling elites not only of the XVII, but of the entire XVIII century. The principle of "the art of liking" developed in secular society extends not only to the sphere of communication, but also passes into the sphere of literature and art in general.