XT Varnish Research Articles

Bioactive glass ceramic can improve the bond strength of sealant/enamel?

Evaluate the influence of enamel pre-treatment using Biosilicate, associated or not to other treatments; on the bond strength (BS) of pit-and-fissure sealant, with or without saliva contamination. Ninety slices (4mm × 4mm) were obtained from 30 bovine incisors. Each slice was embedded in acrylic resin with their buccal surface exposed and polished to obtain a flat enamel surface. Half of them were contaminated with human saliva. All specimens were randomly divided into five groups (n = 9) according to the surface pre-treatment tested: acid etching (AE); AE + Biosilicate (B); AE + B + total-etch adhesive (Ad); Biosilicate; control (no treatment). Then, a 1mm layer of sealant (Clinpro XT Varnish, 3M ESPE) was applied; and to provide support, a composite resin (Opallis, FGM) block was built up over it. Samples were thermocycled (500 cycles/5-55°C) and sectioned obtaining sticks (1 × 1 × 10mm) for microtensile BS testing (0.5mm/min). Data were analysed with two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni test, p < 0.05. Failure patterns were evaluated using a stereomicroscope. There was no difference among contaminated and non-contaminated groups, and between non-contaminated groups (p > 0.05). When contaminated, AE + B + Ad Group showed the highest BS values, differing (p < 0.05) from B Group and Control; similar between them (p > 0.05). Cohesive fractures were found in AE + B + Ad Group, submitted or not to contamination. Since a surface pre-treatment was used, whether Biosilicate was applied or not, the sealant/enamel BS was the same in saliva-contaminated or non-contaminated enamel.

Four-Session Protocol Effectiveness in Reducing Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity: A 24-Week Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: A single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of desensitizing agents with different action mechanisms in reducing cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH) after four application sessions, with 24-week follow-up. Materials and methods: Sixty patients with CDH were selected in the study and were allocated in three groups of treatment: Desensibilize KF 2%, Clinpro XT Varnish, and Photon Lase III (100 mW, 4 J/cm2-1 J/cm2 each point, 10 sec per point with wavelength of 808 nm). There were four application sessions performed, with a 48-h interval between each one. The evaporative stimuli and visual analog scale were used to evaluate the CDH level at baseline, immediately after treatment, and at 2, 4, 8, and 24 weeks after the application. Mixed-model effects test was used for comparison (α = 0.05).Results: All three groups showed significant reduction in CDH from baseline to each all-subsequent follow-up. All the groups maintained the CDH reduction, and presented no statistical differences between each other after treatment (p = 0.885), 2 (p = 0.857), 4 (p = 0.928), 8 (p = 0.206), and 24 weeks (p = 0.073) of follow-up.Conclusions: The four-session protocol was an effective approach in reduction of CDH (even after 24 weeks), regardless of desensitization mechanism.

Comparative Evaluation of Remineralization Potential of Two Varnishes Containing CPP-ACP and Tricalcium Phosphate: An In Vitro Study.

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the remineralization potential of Clinpro XT varnish containing tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and MI varnish containing casein phosphopeptide (casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate, CPP–ACP).Materials and methodsThirty premolar teeth were taken and divided into three groups. Samples were sliced mesiodistally into buccal and lingual halves using a diamond disk bur. The buccal halves of the teeth were used for the study. Artificial caries like lesions were produced and evaluated with Diagnodent. The samples in each group were treated with the respective remineralizing agent (except for the control group) at every 24 hours for 7 days and the surfaces were assessed using Diagnodent to record the values after the remineralization procedure. The Diagnodent values obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison tests.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the values calculated before and after remineralization in all the three groups.ConclusionThe study findings showed that MI varnish containing CPP–ACP had the highest release of fluoride as compared to the Clinpro fluoride releasing varnish.Clinical significanceMI varnish is a 5% NaF varnish containing CPP–ACP to give an exceptional fluoride varnish that releases more bioavailable fluoride, calcium, and phosphate, hence, can be used successfully in remineralization of early carious lesions. CPP–ACP can be used in the clinical practice for reversing or arresting the early carious lesions.How to cite this articleVarma V, Hegde KS, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Remineralization Potential of Two Varnishes Containing CPP–ACP and Tricalcium Phosphate: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(3):233–236.

Effects of staining and polishing on different types of enamel surface sealants.

To assess surface discoloration of four enamel sealants based on different chemical compositions after exposure to artificial aging and staining solutions. Furthermore, their cleanability after polishing will be evaluated. Selected sealants were a composite resin-based sealant with fillers (Pro Seal), a composite resin-based sealant without fillers (Light BondSealant), a resin-modified glass ionomer-based sealant (ClinproXT Varnish) and a silicon-based sealant (Protecto). Natural teeth served as medium. Immersion solutions were water, juice, tea, and turmeric. In a standardized setting, all samples were measured seven times with a spectroradiometer (Photoresearch PR670) at baseline, after thermocycling; 7 days; 2 and 4 weeks of immersion; and after finally polishing. Thermocycling had no significant effect on color stability. After exposure to staining solutions, all sealed surfaces showed significant color changes. Color change predominately occurred for all sealants in the first week of staining (P ≤ .01). Best resistance to staining decreased as follows: Protecto > Light Bond Sealant > ProSeal > Clinpro XT Varnish. Surface cleaning by polishing significantly reduced the color change. Sealed enamel surfaces are prone to discoloration, which is most prominent in filled composite and glass-ionomer-based sealants. Staining can be reduced by polishing; however, in this in vitro setting the original color could not be restored. Enamel sealants might exert adverse effects in terms of discoloration. This should be taken into consideration by clinicians and patients, particularly when sealants are applied in esthetically critical areas.

In Vitro Effect of Innovative Desensitizing Agents on Dentin Tubule Occlusion and Erosive Wear.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of four in-office desensitizing products on dentin tubule occlusion and erosive wear. Dentin hypersensitivity was simulated by EDTA application for five minutes. The specimens were randomly allocated into five groups (n=11), according to treatment: No treatment - Control (C), Duraphat (DUR), Desensibilize Nano P (NP), ClinPro XT Varnish (XTV), and ClinPro White Varnish (CWV). They were then submitted to erosive/abrasive cycling for five days. After EDTA, treatment, and cycling, the specimens were analyzed with an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) to verify the number of opened dentin tubules (ODT) which were counted by using ImageJ software, and with a profilometer to determine the surface curvature/loss. ESEM data were analyzed with two-way repeated measure analysis of variance and Tukey tests. For the profilometer, data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis, Tukey, and Mann-Whitney tests. After treatment, all groups showed lower ODT than the control, without significant differences between them. After cycling, the only group that showed lower ODT than the control was group XTV; however, it did not significantly differ from the other groups. For the profilometric analysis, there were significant differences in SL between the experimental times after treatment and after cycling for all groups ( p<0.05). After cycling, no surface loss was detected in groups DUR and XTV, which presented a significantly different curvature than group NP and the control group, but not from group CWV. Surface loss was detected for the control and groups NP and CWV, without difference among them. All desensitizing agents tested presented promising results concerning the obliteration of dentin tubules immediately after treatment. XTV was the only desensitizer capable of preventing the reopening of the tubules after the erosive/abrasive challenges. XTV and DUR presented a protective effect against dentin erosive wear.

Retention rates and caries-preventive effects of two different sealant materials: a randomised clinical trial.

The aim of this study was to compare the caries-preventive effect and the retention rates of sealants prepared with a new modified and a high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) in recently erupted first permanent molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six children (224 teeth) were included in a split-mouth randomised clinical trial. All children had their four first permanent molars sealed with either Clinpro XT Varnish (CXT) or Fuji IX GP FAST (FJ). FJ sealants were placed according to the ART protocol. Retention rates and caries-preventive effect of both materials were assessed clinically after 24months, and survival curves were created according to the Kaplan-Meier method. For sealant retention rates, analyses were performed according to both the traditional method and modified sealant retention categorisation. FJ sealants were retained longer in comparison to CXT sealants (p < 0.05), regardless of the categorisation used. In relation to the caries-preventive effect, no statistically significant differences were observed between materials (p = 0.99). Sealants prepared with the high-viscosity GIC according to the ART protocol survived longer than those prepared with the modified GIC, but both materials were equally effective in preventing cavitated dentine lesions over 24months. We concluded that GIC-based sealants are effective in preventing dentine caries lesions.

Comparative evaluation of calcium phosphate-based varnish and resin-modified glass ionomer-based varnish in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of MI varnish and Clinpro XT varnish in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity.Materials and Methods:Patients with cervical dentinal hypersensitivity were selected for the study. The teeth to be tested were isolated. Then, a blast of air and ice cold water was applied on the tooth surface, and the score was measured by visual analog scale. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups (Group 1: MI varnish; Group 2; Clinpro XT varnish). The manufacturer's instructions were followed. The sensitivity scores were recorded immediately and after 1 week of therapy.Statistical Analysis:Mann–Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon-matched pairs test were used for the analysis.Results and Conclusion:Although both varnishes were shown to reduce the dentinal hypersensitivity in patients, according to statistics, MI Varnish was a better agent to reduce dentinal hypersensitivity than Clinpro XT varnish.

Effect of enamel sealants on tooth bleaching and on the color stability of the result.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of enamel sealants on bleaching of natural teeth by use of 40% hydrogen peroxide in a dental surgery. The color stability of the results from bleaching was, furthermore, determined 10months after the bleaching procedure. In a standardized setting, four sealants (Pro Seal®, Light Bond™ Sealant, Protecto®, and Clinpro™ XT Varnish) were applied to and removed from human teeth in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Natural teeth served as medium; half of the teeth were sealed and the others served as controls. Hydrogen peroxide gel (40%; Opalescence Boost; Ultradent Products, South Jordan, UT, USA) was used as bleaching agent. Color measurement was performed with a spectroradiometer (Photoresearch PR670) before the bleaching process (T1) and 24h (T2) and 10months (T3) after bleaching. The spectroradiometer results were expressed by use of the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) L*a*b* color notation. The L*, a*, and b* values of the sealed and the unsealed surfaces were not significantly different at any time during the study (p>0.05), irrespective of the sealant used. Ten months after the bleaching process, mean L*, a*, and b* values were lower than at 1-day post-bleaching; the mean value of ΔE between 1-day post-bleaching and 10months post-bleaching was 2.46 (±3.1). The results of the study suggest that the effectiveness of professional tooth whitening is not appreciably affected by the application of the four sealants tested.

Effects of coating materials on nanoindentation hardness of enamel and adjacent areas

ObjectivesMaterials that can be applied as thin coatings and actively release fluoride or other bioavailable ions for reinforcing dental hard tissue deserve further investigation. In this study we assessed the potential of resin coating materials in protection of underlying and adjacent enamel against demineralization challenge using nanoindentation. MethodsEnamel was coated using Giomer (PRG Barrier Coat, PBC), resin-modified glass-ionomer (Clinpro XT Varnish, CXT), two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Protect, SEP) or no coating (control). After 5000 thermal cycles and one-week demineralization challenge, Martens hardness of enamel beneath the coating, uncoated area and intermediate areas was measured using a Berkovich tip under 2mN load up to 200μm depth. Integrated hardness and 10-μm surface zone hardness were compared among groups. ResultsNanoindentation and scanning electron microscopy suggested that all materials effectively prevented demineralization in coated area. Uncoated areas presented different hardness trends; PBC showed a remarkable peak at the surface zone before reaching as low as the control, while CXT showed relatively high hardness values at all depths. SignificanceIon-release from coating materials affects different layers of enamel. Coatings with fluoride-releasing glass fillers contributed to reinforcement of adjacent enamel. Surface prereacted glass filler-containing PBC superficially protected neighboring enamel against demineralization, while resin-modified glass-ionomer with calcium (CXT) improved in-depth protection. Cross-sectional hardness mapping of enamel on a wide range of locations revealed minute differences in its structure.

Bonding brackets on white spot lesions pretreated by means of two methods

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets bonded to demineralized enamel pretreated with low viscosity Icon Infiltrant resin (DMG) and glass ionomer cement (Clinpro XT Varnish, 3M Unitek) with and without aging. Methods: A total of 75 bovine enamel specimens were allocated into five groups (n = 15). Group 1 was the control group in which the enamel surface was not demineralized. In the other four groups, the surfaces were submitted to cariogenic challenge and white spot lesions were treated. Groups 2 and 3 were treated with Icon Infiltrant resin; Groups 4 and 5, with Clinpro XT Varnish. After treatment, Groups 3 and 5 were artificially aged. Brackets were bonded with Transbond XT adhesive system and SBS was evaluated by means of a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey post-hoc test. Results: All groups tested presented shear bond strengths similar to or higher than the control group. Specimens of Group 4 had significantly higher shear bond strength values (p < 0.05) than the others. Conclusion: Pretreatment of white spot lesions, with or without aging, did not decrease the SBS of brackets.

Comparative Evaluation of Longevity of Fluoride Release From three Different Fluoride Varnishes - An Invitro Study.

Fluoride varnishes play a pivotal role in inhibition of dental caries by increasing remineralization. To determine the longevity of fluoride release from 3 different fluoride varnishes over a period of time through salivary fluoride estimation. Twenty four extracted human deciduous anterior teeth were divided into four groups, i.e., ClinproTM XT, Flouritop SR, Flourprotector and Control group. Fluoride varnishes were applied on 3mm x 3mm window on labial surface of the teeth and then the teeth were immersed and stored in artificial saliva. The concentration of fluoride in ppm was measured after 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Fluoride release at each time interval for different groups was statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey's test. Although all the fluoride varnishes released fluoride, with greatest release observed during 1(st) week by Fluoritop SR (66.92±16.30ppm), ClinproTM XT Varnish released consistently and substantially more fluoride than Fluoritop SR and Fluorprotector during 6 months analysis (p<0.05). Fluorprotector showed the lowest rate of F release among all the groups compared. Over a period of 6 months ClinproTM XT Varnish released consistently and substantially more fluoride than other tested products.

Morphology of sealant/enamel interface after surface treatment with bioactive glass.

The purpose of this study was to analyze, by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the morphology of sealant/enamel interface after surface treatment with Biosilicate. Before pits and fissures sealing, the occlusal surfaces of 10 sound human molars were sectioned perpendicularly at the fissures in order to obtain three slices for each tooth. Slices were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 10) according to sealing protocol: Group 1- Acid etching + Biosilicate + glass ionomer-based sealant (Clinpro XT Varnish, 3M ESPE); Group 2- Acid etching + glass ionomer-based sealant (Clinpro XT Varnish, 3M ESPE); Group 3- No sealing. All slices were subjected to thermal cycling (5,000 cycles; 5-55°C; dwell time: 30s). Half of the slices from each group (n = 5) were analyzed by CLSM and the other half by SEM. Groups 1 and 2 were also submitted to EDS analysis and their data were evaluated by Two-Way ANOVA e Tukey's test (α=5%). EDS data analysis showed higher amounts of silicon (Si) ions than calcium (Ca) ions in Group 1 (P < 0.05); Group 2 presented higher amounts (P < 0.05) of Ca ions than Si ions. It may be concluded that the use of Biosilicate for surface treatment did not affect the morphology of glass ionomer-based sealant/enamel interfaces.

Evaluation of dentinal tubule occlusion by RMGI (resin-modified glass ionomer) varnish : real-time measurement of dentinal fluid flow and SEM

The purpose of this study was to compare the occlusive effect of a resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) varnish and an oxalate-based desensitizing agent on exposed dentin by evaluating the flow dynamic of dentinal fluid and SEM evaluation of the dentin surface after treatment. Sixteen caries- and restoration-free extracted molars were fixed to slide glasses after horizontally sectioning the roots at 5 mm below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). The prepared specimen was connected to a fluid flow measuring device (nano-Flow), and verified no fluid leakage. A V-shaped cavity was prepared at the CEJ to expose the dentin surface, which was then acid-etched, washed, and blot dried. The surface was treated either with an RMGI (Clinpro XT varnish) or an oxalate-based desensitizing agent (SuperSeal) (n=8). A real-time fluid flow was measured throughout the procedures. The fluid flow rates before and after each treatment were evaluated, and the surfaces of the treated dentinal tubules were also examined with SEM. A significant reduction in the rate of fluid flow was observed after treatment in both groups (p<0.05). Clinpro XT varnish exhibited a greater reduction in the fluid flow rate than SuperSeal (p<0.05). SEM evaluation revealed that the size of dentinal tubules was reduced as a result of the deposition of RMGI and oxalate crystals in Clinpro XT varnish and SuperSeal, respectively. Both agents reduced the fluid flow rate, with Clinpro XT varnish being more effective.

To Evaluate the Clinical Efficiency of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Varnish in Preventing Enamel Demineralisation During Orthodontie Treatment

Background and objectives: Fixed orthodontic treatment makes oral Hygiene procedures difficult and may resuit in enamel demineralization. Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Varnish (Clinpro XT Varnish) reduces the incidence of enamel demineralization. The objective of this study has been clinically evaluate the effects of RMGIV (Clinpro XT Varnish) application, incidence and progress of enamel demineralization in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. 30 subjects seeking orthodontic treatment were selected from patients visiting Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore. The subjects were divided into Test and Control group. The study was divided into two parts: ♦ Visual evaluation – incidence of white spot lesion and their progress for six months. ♦ SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopic) evaluation to compare level of surface roughness on samples of both the groups. No White Spot Lesions was clinically appreciable in either Group A or Group B. Oral Hygiene Index of all patients was scored and compared between Group A and Group B. The scores were statistically evaluated which proved to be statistically significant with ‘p’ value below 0.001 with better oral hygiene in Group A. After extracting the teeth, SEM images of surface of the teeth was graded and statistically evaluated with Pearson's Chi square test.The results were significant with ‘p’ value below 0.001 which indicated increased surface roughness in Group B compared to the Group A patients. Use of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Varnish (Clinpro XT Varnish) as an adjunctive to thorough oral hygiene measures and has proven to be effective in reducing enamel demineralization significantly although not completely. The oral hygiene also improves but, is it the effect of active ingredient of the varnish is not confirmable under this study design.

A CLINICAL COMPARISON of IN -OFFICE MANAGEMENT OF DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY IN A SHORT TERM TREATMENT PERIOD

Objective: To determine the differences in efficiency of four desensitizing agents in relieving dentin hypersensitivity in a time period of 2 weeks. Material and methods: 50 participants who responded positively to intraoral testing for dentin hypersensitivity using a split-mouth-designed study were recruited for the study. Sensitivity was assessed by means of thermal and thermal/evaporative stimuli using VAS (visual analogue scale). After recording the baseline scores, the patients were randomly assigned to treatment with the desensitising agents -Clinpro XT varnish (Group I), Gluma power gel (Group II), Bifluoride 12 varnish (Group III) , GC Tooth Mousse plus (Group IV). After 10 minutes the patient’s responses was recorded. The follow-up was done after 1week and again after 2 weeks from the time of application of the agents. Results: All the four desensitizing agents were successful in relieving the sensitivity of the patients. Multiple group comparison between groups showed highly significant differences, GroupI showed maximum effectiveness followed by Group IV, Group II,& Group III after 10mins. The effectiveness of agents after 1 week was in the same order. However after 2 weeks it was seen that group I was most effective followed by group II & group IV, with Group III being the least effective. Conclusion: Dental professionals need to understand the causes of dentin hypersensitivity.Once a diagnosis has been made and the factors have been identified a treatment plan can be outlined to the patient for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.

Caries-preventive Activity of Fluoride-containing Resin-based Desensitizers

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different desensitizing agents on the prevention of root caries when applied to root surfaces. Thirty human roots were sectioned into quarters with a 3 × 4 mm window. A desensitizer (VX, Clinpro™ XT Varnish; SP, Seal & Protect®; or PB, Clearfil™ Protect Bond) was applied to three of the quarters in each window. Teeth were stored separately in water for one day, 30 days, or 60 days. The remaining quarter, without the application of desensitizer, served as a control. After storage in water, all specimens were subjected to pH cycling. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the demineralization bands created on the subsurface layer. The weight percentages of fluorine (F), silica, and calcium (Ca) were determined using electron probe microanalysis to quantify the elemental distributions in the root dentin. The concentrations of F released during a pH cycling were measured. For the control group, the average lesion depth was 18.92 ± 5.42 μm, and the average Ca loss was 15.66% ± 6.80% in the superficial layer and 30.44% ± 9.61% in the subsurface layer. No Ca loss occurred in the desensitizer-treated groups. All desensitizing agents remained intact for at least 60 days. F levels were increased in the hybrid layer but not in the subhybrid area. Outward release of F diminished with time. The F-containing resin-based desensitizers protected exposed root surfaces from demineralization. F liberated from the desensitizers was detected only at minimal levels.

In vitro study of the effects of fluoride-releasing dental materials on remineralization in an enamel erosion model

ObjectivesThis study was conducted to compare the remineralization effects of five regimens on the loss of fluorescence intensity, surface microhardness, roughness and microstructure of bovine enamel after remineralization. We hope that these results can provide some basis for the clinical application of these materials. MethodsOne hundred bovine incisors were prepared and divided into the following five groups, which were treated with distinct dental materials: (1) Clinpro™ XT varnish (CV), (2) F-varnish (FV), (3) Tooth Mousse (TM), (4) Fuji III LC® light-cured glass ionomer pit and fissure sealant (FJ) and (5) Base Cement® glass polyalkenoate cement (BC). Subsequently, they were detected using four different methods: quantitative light-induced fluorescence, microhardness, surface 3D topography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ResultsThe loss of fluorescence intensity of CV, BC and FJ groups showed significant decreases after remineralization (p<0.05). The microhardness values of the BC group were significantly higher than those of the other groups (p<0.05) after 6 weeks of remineralization. The CV group's surface roughness was significantly lower than those of the other groups after 6 weeks of remineralization (p<0.05). Regarding microstructure values, the FV group showed many round particles deposited in the bovine enamel after remineralization. However, the other four groups mainly showed needle-like crystals. ConclusionsGlass ionomer cement (GIC)-based dental materials can promote more remineralization of the artificial enamel lesions than can NaF-based dental materials. Resin-modified GIC materials (e.g., CV and FJ) have the potential for more controlled and sustained release of remineralized agents. The effect of TM requires further study.