X-ray Diffraction Meter Research Articles

Activated persulfate for efficient bisphenol A degradation via nitrogen-doped Fe/Mn bimetallic biochar.

To achieve the purpose of treating waste by waste, in this study, a nitrogen-doped Fe/Mn bimetallic biochar material (FeMn@N-BC) was prepared from chicken manure for persulfate activation to degrade Bisphenol A (BPA). The FeMn@N-BC was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffract meter (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and found that N doping can form larger specific surface area. Catalytic degradation experiments showed that Fe/Mn bimetal doping not only accelerated the electron cycling rate on the catalyst surface, but also makes the biochar magnetic and easy to separate, thus reducing environmental pollution. Comparative experiments was concluded that the highest degradation efficiency of BPA was achieved when the mass ratios of urea and chicken manure, Fe/Mn were 3:1 and 2:1, respectively, and the pyrolysis temperature was 800 °C, which can almost degrade all the BPA in 60 min. FeMn@N-BC/PS system with high catalytic efficiency and low consumables is promising for reuse of waste resources and the remediation of wastewater.

Preservative effect of chitosan-gelatine composite incorporated with pomegranate peel polyphenol on fresh meat

The present work aimed to prepare a pomegranate peel polyphenol (PPP)-chitosan (CS) composite membrane solution to preserve fresh beef. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), viscometer, colorimeter, and pH meter were used to determine the physicochemical properties of the PPP-CS composite membrane solution, and evaluate its antioxidant properties. Additionally, the effect of the PPP-CS composite membrane solution on fresh beef preservation was investigated. Results showed that the in vitro antioxidant activity, viscosity, a* value, and b* value of the composite membrane solution increased significantly. In contrast, the pH and L* values decreased significantly after adding PPP (p < 0.05). FTIR analysis showed that the interaction between PPP and CS might have been physical. XRD analysis showed that the composite membrane solution had an amorphous structure after the addition of PPP. The pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactants (TBARS), hardness, and colour of the 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% composite membrane solutions were better than those of the control group when stored at 4°C for 12 d. The 0.6% PPP-CS treatment group had the best preservation effect, and the shelf life of beef was extended by 2 - 3 d. Therefore, the PPP-CS membrane solution could be a promising method for preserving fresh beef.

In-situ influence of TiF3 catalyst on the hydrogen storage behavior of Mg-Ni-Y based alloy

Solid-state magnesium-based hydrogen storage encounters challenges associated with sluggish hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics. The incorporation of catalysts is considered a promising means to improve the hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics of these alloys. In this experiment, we prepared the Mg80Ni15Y5 alloy via vacuum melting and incorporated TiF3 in varying weight percentages of 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt% through ball milling. The phase composition and microstructure of the samples were analyzed and measured using X-ray diffraction meter (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques. The results revealed that the TiF3 introduced two catalytically phases, MgF and TiF2. And TiF2 transforms into TiH2 after hydrogen absorption, which covers the surface of MgH2 and prolongs the nucleation time of MgH2.Furthermore, the addition of TiF3 made the surface of alloy markedly coarser and more irregular and few cracks, providing channels for hydrogen diffusion. This behavior optimized the kinetic performance of the alloy. It was observed that the samples containing 7 wt%TiF3 achieved 99.2 % hydrogen saturation even in low-temperature. It's worth mentioning that the addition of 7 wt% TiF3 to the Mg80Ni15Y5 alloy significantly reduced the dehydrogenation activation energy to 58.5 kJ/mol, as opposed to pure magnesium with an activation energy of 158.2 kJ/mol. This substantial reduction has effectively accelerated the hydrogen absorption and desorption rates of the alloy. However, it had only a negligible impact on the thermodynamic properties of the sample with 7 wt%TiF3.

Preparation, characterization, and catalytic properties of SO42-/SnO2-Hangjin2#Clay solid superacid catalyst

A new sulfate oxide solid acid catalyst SO42-/SnO2-Hangjin2# clay was compounded with Hangjin2#clay, activated by sulfuric acid, as a carrier. In the catalysis of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge, using the yield of oil and methanol synthesis of biodiesel as an index, the effect of SO42-/SnO2–Hangjin2#clay and the preparation conditions on the activity of solid acid were investigated. The variables included in the optimization process were concentration of Sn, impregnation sulfuric acid concentration, and calcination temperature. The optimal conditions were found as 0.4 M SnCl4, 3.0 M H2SO4 impregnation, and 350 °C calcination temperature. The catalyst was examined by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction meter, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, surface area, and thermal weight analysis. The results showed that the introduction of Hangjin2#clay in the SO42--SnO2 solid acid catalyst improves its catalytic activity.

Effect Biosynthesis of fenugreek leaves nanomaterial on some plant's germination using saline water

The synthesis of new, low-cost nanomaterials that do not cause harm to the environment is of great importance in modern Science. In addition to the importance of plant use in medical purposes and the active substances they contain, this research includes the synthesis of nanomaterials from medical plant (fenugreek) Trigonella foenum extract for tolerating irrigation with saline water. The extract of the dried and ground leaves of the T. foenum plant was taken, centrifuged, filtered, and then dried. The resulting material was tested by the X-ray Diffract meter (XRD) and the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) examining to ensure it was on the nanoscale. Aqueous dilution at a ratio of 1: 1 used to irrigation seeds of the aromatic plants (Apium graveolens and Lepidium sativum) with saline water 0.05 g / l. The germination ratios, the extreme length and the plumular were calculated after 3, 5, 7 and 10 days of germination. The germination rates were superior to the treatment with a nanomaterial and saline water mixture for 98.5% in A. graveolens and 97.2% in L. sativum. Saline water treatment showed 75% for A. graveolens and 78% for L. sativum. The extreme length reached 14.5 cm for the A. graveolens and 11.3 cm for the L. sativum in the mixture treatment after 10 days. Saline water treatment gave 6.3 cm and 8.5 cm, respectively. The plumular measurements were similar to the radical results. These results proved the synthesis of a natural bio-nanomaterial that is easy to prepare, low in cost and have a stimulating effect on germination, growth and tolerance irrigation with saline water. This improves our ability to utilize water resources and propagation methods for aromatic and medical plants. Keywords: medical plant, aromatic plants, nanoparticle, Apium graveolens and Lepidium sativum

High-entropy alloy: An alternative approach for high temperature microwave-infrared compatible stealth

To achieve microwave-infrared compatible stealth in high temperature conditions, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) thin films were deposited on Al2O3 matrix by magnetron sputtering technology. Films were annealed to investigate thermal stability at 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C, respectively. Results from X-ray diffract meter (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) suggested that high-entropy alloy (HEA) film was seriously oxidized when the annealed temperature reached 700 °C for 6 h, causing a significant decrease of infrared reflectivity. Conversely, HEA films showed low infrared emissivity of 0.09 at 600 °C. Additionally, the films possessed excellent thermal stability at 500 °C for 20 h with low infrared emissivity of 0.11. Finally, a simple metamaterial design utilizing HEA films was proposed for infrared-microwave compatible stealth. With the ability of incorporating excellent thermal stability and durable high temperature stealth performance, the study shows great potential of introducing HEAs in the field of high temperature compatible stealth.

FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF GALLEN GUM LOADED SELF-ASSEMBLED MIXED MICELLES SYSTEM BASED ON FLAVONOID PHOSPHOLIPID COMPLEX

Objective: Research on the development of pharmaceutical self-assembled mixed micells systems is in that they have the advantage of keeping the drug's encapsulating qualities while also enhancing its physicochemical characteristics. The goal of this study was to make the class II biopharmaceutical quercetin more soluble in water and more bioavailable when taken orally (QCT). The enhancement of encapsulation and flavonoids loading within mixed micelles using solvent evapouration technique. Methods: In the present study, pharmaceutical mixed micells of a BCS class II drug, QCT were prepared using solvent evapouration technique method. Prepared mixed micells were characterized using Critical micelle concentration (CMC), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Particle size and zeta potential, Powder X-Ray Diffract meter (PXRD), In vitro dissolution, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition In vitro drug release studies were also performed. Results: The results of the characterization studies indicated the designing of gallen gum loaded self-assembled mixed micelles system based on flavonoid phospholipid complex. The CMC of LS-75 and LS-100 binary mixture had shows good results to be 0.0013%. The FTIR spectra of complex showed characteristic peak of QCT shows abundant effect on O-H (aromatic), C-O (aromatic), C-C, and aromatic C-O is observed at 3282.2, 1620.1, 1058.7, and 1162.2 respectively. The average particle size of design-optimized quercetin mixed micells (QCT-MMs) was demonstrated to be ~116.1 nm, as evaluated by Malvern. From the obtained particle size, it indicated that the particle size of QCT in QCT-MMs was widely distributed. The polydispersity index (PDI) for QCT-MMs was found in the range of ~ 1.000, zeta potential value for QCT-MMs as evaluated by Malvern was observed to be ~-99.2 mV. The P-XRD, SEM, showed good powder diffraction results with having good flow property. Also formulation were evaluated for the In vitro drug dissolution study for rate of extent of drug release and dissolution rate release of QCT from QCT-MMs was sustained up to 72 h. TEM images of QCT-MMs, where the micelles exhibited relatively regular dark stained shapes appearing more or less spherical or spheroid. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the QCT-MMs enhance the aqueous solubility of the QCT and increased the bioavailability and retention time.

Microstructure and electrical contact behavior of the nano-yttria-modified Cu-Al2O3/30Mo/3SiC composite

Abstract With the rapid development of the copper-based composite in the field of electrical contact material industry, the problem of poor arc erosion resistance of the copper-based material becomes more and more prominent. Improving the arc erosion resistance of the copper-based composite is an urgent problem to be solved. Cu-Al2O3/30Mo/3SiC and 0.5Y2O3/Cu-Al2O3/30Mo/3SiC electrical contact composites were prepared in a fast-hot-pressing sintering furnace. The microstructure and phase structure of the composites were analyzed by using a scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction meter, respectively. The arc erosion properties of the composites at 25 V, DC and 10-30 A were investigated by using a JF04C electric contact tester. The mass loss of the composites was reduced by 77.8%, and the arc erosion rate was reduced by 79.6% after the addition of nano-yttrium oxide under the experimental conditions of 25 V, DC and 30 A. At the same time, the arc energy and welding force of the composite after switching operations decreased, indicating that the addition of nano-yttria improved the arc erosion resistance of the composite. This work provides a new method for improving the arc erosion resistance of the copper-based composite contact material.

Electric Field-Assisted Nanofiltration for PFOA Removal with Exceptional Flux, Selectivity, and Destruction.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose significant environmental and human health risks and thus require solutions for their removal and destruction. However, PFAS cannot be destroyed by widely used removal processes like nanofiltration (NF). A few scarcely implemented advanced oxidation processes can degrade PFAS. In this study, we apply an electric field to a membrane system by placing a nanofiltration membrane between reactive electrodes in a crossflow configuration. The performance of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) rejection, water flux, and energy consumption were evaluated. The reactive and robust SnO2-Sb porous anode was created via a sintering and sol-gel process. The characterization and analysis techniques included field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ion chromatography, mass spectroscopy, porosimeter, and pH meter. The PFOA rejection increased from 45% (0 V) to 97% (30 V) when the electric field and filtration were in the same direction, while rejection capabilities worsened in opposite directions. With saline solutions (1 mM Na2SO4) present, the induced electro-oxidation process could effectively mineralize PFOA, although this led to unstable removal and water fluxes. The design achieved an exceptional performance in the nonsaline feed of 97% PFOA rejection and water flux of 68.4 L/m2 hr while requiring only 7.31 × 10-5 kWh/m3/order of electrical energy. The approach's success is attributed to the proximity of the electrodes and membrane, which causes a stronger electric field, weakened concentration polarization, and reduced mass transfer distances of PFOA near the membrane. The proposed electric field-assisted nanofiltration design provides a practical membrane separation method for PFAS removal from water.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF COCRYSTALS OF A BCS CLASS II DRUG USING GLYCINE AS COFORMER

Objective: Development of pharmaceutical co-crystals is an interesting area of research as co-crystals are unique because they have the advantages of maintaining drug’s intrinsic properties along with improvement in its physicochemical attributes. Objective of this research was to improvise solubility of a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II drug (Ezetimibe) along with better dissolution profile using cocrystallization technique. Methods: In the present study, pharmaceutical cocrystals of a BCS class II drug, Ezetimibe, were prepared using glycine as coformer using neat grinding method. Prepared cocrystals were characterized using Hot Stage Microscopy (HSM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Powder X-Ray Diffract meter (PXRD). In addition, solubility and dissolution studies were also performed. Results: HSM study and DSC study represented melting at Ezetimibe (166 °C), Glycine (233 °C) and cocrystals (174 °C), respectively. Melting point of cocrystal is between API and coformer, indicating towards interaction. During XRD studies, a new peak was observed at 14.7193 and 23.3211 at position 2θ in comparison to parent peaks of Ezetimibe (18.5537, 19.2737 and 21.6487) and Glycine (19.0631, 21.8418, 25.3521, 35.4189, 39.0489 and 39.1631). PXRD pattern of cocrystals represented several newer peaks (-OH group in API shifted from 3241.42 cm-1 to 3202.61 cm-1and-NH2 in Glycine shifted from 1601.86 cm-1 to 1690.18 cm-1). This indicated towards possible interaction between these two-group leading to cocrystal formation. Improvement in dissolution profile of cocrystals (89.59%) was observed over the pure drug (32.41%) in 90 min. Conclusion: Pharmaceutical cocrystals of Ezetimibe with glycine as coformer represented a promising approach in tailoring the physicochemical properties.

Cold plasma synthesis of Zinc Selenide Nanoparticles for inhibition bacteria using disc diffusion

Zinc Selenide Nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated by the aqueous techneque using cold plasma under atmospheric pressure with an exposure time of 3 min and a gas flow rate of 3 liters per minute. films' structural characteristics and morphological characterization were investigated by X-ray diffract meter, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). In addition, parameter like crystal size were calculated. Results showed XRD patterns exhibits structure of polycrystalline of preferential orientation (111) direction. SEM technique shows that the nanoparticles presented are spherical. AFM image verified film formed spherical particles distribute uniformly. The antibacterial disc diffusion property of these Nanoparticles, was performed against Gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli and Gram-positive bacteria of Staphylococcus aureos, showing good control of said bacteria. The maximum level of inhibition in coli form bacteria with an average inhibition zone diameter with stapheloscous aureous, implying an increasing trend with increasing/decreasing loading volume of NC volume. Therefore, these nanomaterials, which can be prepared in a simple and cost-effective way, may be suitable for new types of germicidal materials.

Robust, scalable and fluorine-free superhydrophobic anti-corrosion coating with shielding functions in marine submerged and atmospheric zones

Biomimetic superhydrophobicity endows various substrates with amazing multi-functional properties. However, fragile hierarchical structures, fluorine-containing chemicals usage, and strict requirements for substrate scopes remain thorny challenges. Herein, we constructed a mechanical robust superhydrophobic ZnO@STA@PDMS coating with fluorine-free reagents through wide-applicable and substrate-independent spray-coating method. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and contact angle meter were used to assess the surface micro-nano structures, chemical compositions, thermal stability and wettability variations. The corrosion resistance of the developed superhydrophobic ZnO@STA@PDMS coating was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The corrosion current density (Icorr) of the substrate reduces by two orders of magnitude after being spray-coated with superhydrophobic ZnO@STA@PDMS coating, indicating excellent corrosion resistance in marine submerged zone. In simulated marine atmospheric conditions with high relative humidity, the salt-deliquesce behaviors of single and double NaCl particles on bare and coated Q235 carbon steel surfaces were recorded. In a high humidity atmospheric environment, the instantaneous salt-deliquesce self-coalescence phenomena provides a new type of anti-corrosion mechanism. Furthermore, the prepared superhydrophobic coating can withstand more than 30 tape-peeling cycles and 400 cm abrasion distance, demonstrating good mechanical stability in prospective real-world applications.

Two uranyl-organic frameworks based on pyridine carboxylic acid and their electrochemistry properties study

In this paper, two novel 1D uranyl coordination polymers, [(UO2)(HPDTC)(H2O)]Cl (1) and [(UO2)(DPA)(H2O) (2) based on pyridine acid have been synthesized using hydrothermal method. The structure was obtained with the help of a Single Crystal X-ray diffraction meter and further characterized by IR, UV–vis, TG and others. The compounds show good luminescence properties and the uranium center exhibits the same pentagonal bipyramid coordination geometry among the compounds. Their electrochemical properties have been investigated through Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Galvanostatic Charge/Discharge (GCD). It reveals the counterion ions in compound 1 improve the electrical properties as the capacity is 56.94 ​F ​g−1.

Improvement of structural/tribological properties and milling performances of tungsten carbide cutting tools by bilayer TiAlN/TiSiN and monolayer AlCrSiN ceramic films

In this study, bilayer TiAlN/TiSiN and monolayer AlCrSiN ceramic films were grown on carbide cutting tool material by cathodic arc physical vapor coating (CAPVD) method to improve the structural/tribological properties and milling performances. The ceramic films were applied on cylindrical test samples and carbide end mills. The coated materials' structural, mechanical, and tribological properties were determined via scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction meter (XRD), tribometer, microhardness tester, and optical profilometer. DIN 40CrMnNiMo8-6-4 steel workpieces were machined by using a CNC vertical machining center to determine the actual working performance of the coated and uncoated cutting tools. The wear performance of the cutting tools after machining was determined by measuring the flank wear widths and mass losses. The hardness and adhesion results of the coated sample with bilayer TiAlN/TiSiN were higher than the coated sample with monolayer AlCrSiN. According to the scratch test results, the best adhesion results were obtained for TiAlN/TiSiN coating. The critical load value was determined as about 105 N. As a result, the wear rate value of the TiAlN/TiSiN thin film coated sample was lower. After machining, the mass loss of TiAlN/TiSiN coated tools was lower than AlCrSiN coated tools. In addition, the surface roughness value of the workpiece machined by the cutting tool coated with AlCrSiN was higher than the cutting tool coated with TiAlN/TiSiN.

Study of Biosynthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Wounds from Some Baghdad Hospitals

The aim of this research is to study the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of rosemary leaf (Rosmarinus officinalis) because it is cost-effective and contains many active biocompounds. Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-Visible Scanning spectrophotometer to measure absorption peaks, λmax was 465nm. FTIR technology was used to detect effective groups in plant which are responsible for nanoparticles formation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) used to investigate the shape and size of nanoparticles, the size of particles was 74.7nm. X-ray diffraction meter (XRD) was used for analysis of nanoparticle structures, particle qualitative analysis as well as particle size, the size measured was 24.3nm. Atomic force microscope (AFM) used for detection of dispersion and agglomeration of nanoparticles, in addition to size, shape, and composition, the average of size was 67.15nm. zeta potential measurement device was used to measure the stability of AgNPs, Surface zeta potential value was -8.01mV. Particle size analysis was used for the purpose of determining the size of AgNPs, the size of nanoparticles was 82.4nm. The effectiveness of silver nanoparticles was studied against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wounds.The results showed that AgNPs were effective against these bacteria.

Manufacturing of NPK nano fertilizer and its effect on growth and of cut flowers production in two types of Rosa spp

NPK was made from the compound fertilizer ProSol (20: 20: 20) using an urgent mortar with 5 gm crushing for two hours until the conversion to nano size. nanoparticles size of the powder produced was measured by an X-ray diffraction meter XRD and the size of the produced was 54.13 nm. A field experiment was carried out using RCBD to study two factors, first type of fertilizer used with three levels of spraying with nutritious fertilizer ProSol at a concentration of 1.5 g. L-1 and spraying with NPK nano fertilizer at a concentration of 0.5 g. L-1 in addition to control treatment, second factor two types of rose damascene and Legend belongs to the Hybrid Tea Rose. results showed that the treatment of spraying with nanoparticles was superior in all the studied characters, and it gave the highest number of flowering plants at 14.24. It also gave the highest concentration of nutrients in the leaves of 2.6 % nitrogen and 1.97 % for potassium. Legend superior to R. Damascena in number of flowers and carbohydrate content, while Damascena was superior in weight and flower diameter. The highest vase life recorded at 13.82 days for the treatment of interaction between spraying with nano fertilizer and Legend cultivar.

Performances of Al-xLi alloy anodes for Al-air batteries in alkaline electrolyte

The electrochemical behavior and discharge performance of as-cast Al-xLi (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt%) alloy anodes were evaluated in this work. The results obtained by OM (optical microscope) and XRD (X-ray diffraction meter) show that the trace Li element cannot cause a grain refinement effect but change the grain orientation of Al-xLi alloys. The high-resolution TEM (transmission electron microscope) image reveals spherical morphology and coherent characteristics of Al3Li phase. The electrochemical tests indicate that Al-0.1Li alloy exhibits higher discharge activity and more appropriate self-corrosion rate than the other ones. The discharge test shows that the Al-air cell with Al-0.1Li anode provides higher average voltage, higher anodic efficiencies and higher energy density at different current densities. Furthermore, the dissolution mechanism of Al-xLi anodes based on microstructure, electrochemical response and corrosion characterization is systematically described and discussed. This work is conducive to improving the performance of Al anodes and also makes a contribution to optimizing Al anode composition.

Preparation of dodecyltrimethoxysilane surface organic LDHs and application in aging resistance of SBS modified bitumen

Dodecyltrimethoxysilane surface organic layered double hydroxides (LDHs) was synthesized and used to improve the aging resistance of SBS modified bitumen (SMB), According to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and Contact angle meter, dodecyltrimethoxysilane has been chemically grafted onto the surface of LDHs and will not affect the crystal structure of LDHs. After dodecyltrimethoxysilane surface organic modification, the -OH on the surface of LDHs was decreased, meanwhile, some organic groups were introduced into LDHs, which contributed to reducing the surface hydrophilicity of LDHs. Then, the physical, rheological properties and chemical structure of SMB containing OLDHs and LDHs before and after aging were studied thoroughly. Compared with LDHs, the compatibility of OLDHs in SMB has been significantly enhanced. Furthermore, OLDHs modified SMB exhibited more excellent high-temperature behavior. After aging, bitumen was oxidized and SBS was degraded, the physical and rheological properties of SMB were seriously deteriorated. The addition of LDHs can suppress the destruction of aging on the performance and chemical structure of SBM, and enhance the aging resistance of SBM. The enhancement of LDHs has been notably strengthened after dodecyltrimethoxysilane surface organic modification.

Effect of reducing calcination processing on structural and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 cathode materials for lithium battery

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are capable of meeting the challenges associated with next-generation energy storage devices. Use of NMC has grown at 400,000 tons per year in 2025. Because of its performance surpassing that of other cathode materials. Thus, in this work, the synthesis of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2; NMC) was doped carbon in the calcination process was investigated. Excellent intercalation of lithium ions transfer between cathode and anode was noted. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) results showed that NMC crystalized at 550 °C. Changes were confirmed by using both X-ray diffract meter (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The study of the possibility of NMC cathode materials in which the enhancement of electrochemical performance was investigated by charge–discharge capacity in 0.1C-rate were carried out to reveal carbon's effect pristine NMC.

Study of Nanomaterials Prepared by Combustion Method

Nanocrystalline materials like Sn doped In2O3 Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) were prepared by this Combustion technique and characterized. Presence of electronic centres in Nanocrystalline ITO is observed from Raman studies and therefore the same has been confirmed by photoluminescence studies. The oxidation properties of ITO were studied by X-ray Diffract meter grain sizes are confirmed by structural studies. As against the expectation of oxide on individual Nano grains of In-Sn alloy, ITO Nano grains grew into faceted Nano grains on heat treatment in air and O2 atmosphere. The expansion of ITO under O2 atmosphere showed pentagon symmetry. This Nanocrystalline ITO has been studied using Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements. Structural studies by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the presence of dominant β phase with a minor quantity of α phase. In EPR, isotopic chemical shift peaks were observed and that they are assigned to originate from the α, β phases of ITO and grain boundary component respectively. From this study, different atomic arrangements were identified in grain boundaries compared to an equivalent within the grain in Nanocrystalline ITO.