X-band Absorption Research Articles

Lightweight and thermally insulating ZnO/SiCnw aerogel: A promising high temperature electromagnetic wave absorbing material with oxidation resistance

Enhancing the microwave attenuation performance under high-temperature and oxidative conditions is a forefront issue for electromagnetic absorption materials. SiC nanowire material exhibits great potential due to its superior thermal stability and oxidation resistance. While, the relatively poor dielectric loss limits its further application as a high effective absorber. In this study, the strategy of laminated porous structure design, as well as the composition of ZnO nanocrystals were applied to promote the microwave attenuation capacity. A simple dual hydrolysis reaction method was employed to grow ZnO nanocrystals on SiC nanowires, followed by the preparation of a 3D layered structure of ZnO/SiCnw aerogel material using directional solidification processes. The ZnO/SiCnw aerogel demonstrated effective broadband attenuation (>90 %) across the entire X-band from room temperature to 873 K. Moreover, the material chemistry remained constant at temperatures as high as 1073 K in air. It exhibited ultralightweight properties and possessed a low thermal conductivity of approximately 0.056 W/m·K, with a density of 0.167 g/cm3. The combination of its lightweight, oxidation resistance, thermal insulation, and attractive X-band absorption efficiency positions ZnO/SiCnw aerogel as a promising EM absorption candidate at both room and high temperatures.

Synergistic impact of nickel ferrite and titanium dioxide composites for improving microwave absorption in X-band

The present study focuses on the synthesis of composites with varying loading percentages of nickel ferrite and titanium dioxide using a mechanical alloy method. The developed composites underwent a comprehensive evaluation of various parameters, which yielded valuable insights. Among the developed composites, nickel ferrite and titanium composite with 50:50 wt% (NT-C) have emerged as a potential candidate for microwave absorbing material. Notably, NT-C exhibits excellent electromagnetic characteristics, with a minimum reflection loss (RL) of –33.34 dB at 9.6 GHz and −27.98 dB at 11.06 GHz, both achieved with a pallet thickness of 2.2 mm. The exceptional microwave absorption properties of this developed composite are a result of the synergistic interplay between impedance matching and strong electromagnetic energy attenuation capabilities. This finding, resulting from the synergistic incorporation of nickel ferrite and titanium dioxide phases, offers an effective pathway for developing a material capable of exceptional electromagnetic capabilities.

Reduced graphene oxide decorated two-dimensional FeSiCr nanosheets for improving flame-retardancy, electromagnetic wave absorption, and thermal conduction of ethylene vinyl acetate composites

Ball milling introduced graphene oxide onto FeSiCr, followed by radiation reduction to convert it to reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The materials, FeSiCr-rGO and FeSiCr-GO, were blended with Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) to create composites. Compared to pure EVA, EVA/FeSiCr-rGO composites showed significant reductions in peak heat release rate (71.3 %), total heat release (33.0 %), and total smoke production (18.3 %). CO and CO2 generation rates decreased, enhancing overall fire resistance. FeSiCr-rGO significantly improved thermal conductivity with minimal impact on mechanical properties compared to FeSiCr-GO. In electromagnetic absorption, FeSiCr-rGO notably enhanced low-frequency and X-band absorption for EVA composites. At 2 mm thickness, EVA/FeSiCr-rGO achieved a maximum reflection loss of -24.8 dB in the X-band, surpassing FeSiCr and FeSiCr-GO. At 3 mm thickness, it effectively absorbed electromagnetic waves in the 6–8 GHz range.

Composites of Co-Ti-Mn substituted M-type barium hexaferrite and CuO: Structural, optical, electromagnetic and X-band absorption for commercial applications

In this research, composites of M-type barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) substituted with Co-Ti-Mn and Copper oxide (CuO) have been prepared to mitigate electromagnetic pollution caused by cellphones (0.9–40 GHz) and 4G–5G networking technologies. X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study structural and morphological analysis of synthesized composites. In the XRD analysis, the composite shows a pure phase of BaM hexaferrite and copper oxide, this was further confirmed by FTIR. Characteristic absorption bands of Co-Ti-Mn substituted BaM and CuO were observed at 260.9 cm−1, 265.2 cm−1 and 273.4 cm−1; these peaks suggest the formation of BaM and CuO phase. The optical and magnetic properties of synthesized samples were characterized by UV–visspectroscopy and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The UV-blue LED application is compatible with the band gap observed by UV–visspectroscopy. Hysteresis loops show that the magnetization (Ms), remnant magnetization (Mr) and coercivity (Hc) decreased with the increase of substitution (x). At room temperature, x = 0.10 (CTMC1) yields maximum values such Ms (35.84 emu/g), Mr ( 11.75 emu/g), and Hc (478.002 Oe). The complex permittivity and permeability were investigated in the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz) using vector network analyzer (VNA). Composite with x = 0.15 (CTMC2) yielded an optimum value of reflection loss up to −35.79 dB at a matching frequency of 11.49 GHz and more than 90 % absorption bandwidth of 1.5 GHz. The results suggest that the synthesized composites have potential to be used as new generations of electromagnetic shielding materials.

Enhanced X-band absorption and shielding performance of Gd-substituted barium hexaferrite

Gd- substituted barium hexaferrite has been synthesized by solid-state ceramic method to explore its X-band (8.2 – 12.4 GHz) absorption and shielding performance. The structural, magnetic, and microwave properties of the synthesized hexaferrite were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and vector network analyzer (VNA). XRD patterns confirmed the hexagonal magnetoplumbite phase formation in all samples. A noticeable red shift in the Raman spectra from 710 to 705 cm-1 and 323–327 cm-1 suggested the presence of Fe2+ ions at 4f1 tetrahedral and 12k octahedral sites, respectively. Microstructural studies on as-prepared samples confirm particle size reduction up to 1.86 µm with Gd substitution. A modest increase in magnetization and remanence value for 20% Gd was noted. Coercivity increased with substitution, whereas the anisotropy field and crystalline anisotropy constant reduced with Gd addition. An overall improvement in shielding efficiency and absorption was noted for Gd- substituted samples. A maximum average shielding efficiency of 16.47 dB and effective absorption of 99.99% was recorded for 10% Gd. Overall, microwave absorbance is improved up to 97% with Gd substitution, which suggests this material can also work as an absorber in microwave device applications.

Yttrium-substituted Co0.5Ni0.5YxFe2-xO4 ferrites as microwave absorbers by investigating structural, magnetic, dielectric, and absorption characteristics

The effect of Yttrium Substitution on Co0.5Ni0.5YxFe2- xO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) Ferrites as Microwave Absorbers was investigated to include structural, magnetic, dielectric and X-band absorption properties. The main objective of this work is to enhance microwave absorption properties of materials with interesting dielectric/magnetic behaviors by doping rare earth element of Yttrium based on transition metals. The hydrothermal method was used to create Yttrium (Y) substituted nanoparticles, and the effects of Y-ion substitution on the characteristics, structural, magnetic features were examined by XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDS, TEM-SAED, and VSM, respectively. Electromagnetic properties were obtained from microwave scattering parameters measured via a metal-backed transmission line and Nicholson-Ross Weir techniques using a vector network analyzer (VNA) in conjunction with an X-band waveguide set. Return loss (RL) values of the samples were obtained from the electromagnetic constitutive parameters (permittivity and permeability). According to the XRD measurements, hexagonal crystal structure of ferrite and YFeO3 as secondary phase nanocrystal sizes are between 11 and 67 nm. Refined structural parameters using Rietveld analysis are carried out using the TOPAS refinement program. A good match was observed between the diffraction patterns obtained and calculated by Rietveld analysis. Moreover, the morphological analyses indicate that the relatively small spherical structures of Ni-Co ferrites particles can be seen to change from spherical to hexagonal-shaped with increasing yttrium concentration. The results of the FT-IR study show that the spinel structure has formed as predicted because the expected range of absorption bands is present. According to magnetic measurements, the coercivity (Hc) results show a modest increase in porosity as the Y-content rises. The results revealed that the minimum RL value and bandwidth vary significantly with the amount of Yttrium in the mixture, indicating that the obtained structures will be useful for broadband microwave applications.

Synthesis, microstructure and electromagnetic properties of Hf-based SiBCN ceramics

In this work, two kinds of ceramic polymers, polyborosilazane and polyhafnoxane, were mixed by a precursor blending method, followed by curing and pyrolysis to obtain Hf-based SiBCN ceramics. Through FTIR and NMR characterization of cured product, it can be found that the two precursors underwent cross-linking reaction during the curing process, resulting in the increase of crystallization temperature of HfO2 and β-SiC, and the formation of new components (HfB2 and HfN) during pyrolysis. When the pyrolysis temperature increases, the average values of the real part and imaginary part of the dielectric constant of Hf-based SiBCN ceramics increased from 7.2 to 4.9 to 9.0 and 6.6, respectively, resulting from the precipitation of HfB2 and HfC(N) with high dielectric constants. The effective absorption width decreased from 3.4 to 2.5 GHz, and the minimum value of reflection coefficient increased from −14.9 to −12.2 dB, which is caused by poor impedance matching. After being oxidized at 500 °C for 50 h in air, the free carbon basically disappears, and the full X-band absorption can be realized for the Hf-based SiBCN ceramic pyrolyzed at 1500 °C with a thickness of 2.8 mm.

Molecular metal oxide cluster-soldered interpenetrating polymer network “hosts” carbon nanotube “guest” for green millimeter wave absorption

Copper-based Keggin-type polyoxometalate-soldered IPN-CNT construct has been designed through host–guest electrostatic assembly between counter-charged CNTs and Cu-POM-soldered charge-triggered IPN for enhanced millimeter wave absorption in X-band.

High temperature infrared-radar compatible stealthy metamaterial based on an ultrathin high-entropy alloy.

In this work, a high temperature infrared (IR) and radar compatible stealthy metamaterial based on ultrathin high-entropy alloy are proposed. From room temperature to 600°C, the fabricated radar absorption layer (RAL) can have wideband absorption in X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) with average absorption 78% owing to magnetic resonance and ohmic loss. The ultrathin high-entropy alloy film is further design as infrared shielding layer (ISL) due to low-emissivity property. The ISL and RAL consist of the IR-microwave compatible stealth metamaterial. It can give rise to the strong reduction of both radar wave reflection and infrared thermal emission. Its bandwidth (absorption over 90%) is 2.15 GHz. In the infrared atmosphere window, it can suppress a half of thermal radiation. This is realized by the subtle combination between the RAL and specifically designed ISL that control the infrared emission and microwave absorption. These results show that they are practically very promising for the application of a radar-infrared bi-stealth technology in high temperature environment.

Hydro/Organo/Ionogels: "Controllable" Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers.

Demand for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers continues to increase with technological advances in wearable electronics and military applications. In this study, a new strategy to overcome the drawbacks of current absorbers by employing the co-contribution of functional polymer frameworks and liquids with strong EMW absorption properties is proposed. Strongly polar water, dimethyl sulfoxide/water mixtures, and highly conductive 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ([EMI][ES]) are immobilized in dielectrically inert polymer networks to form different classes of gels (hydrogels, organogels, and ionogels). These gels demonstrate a high correlation between their dielectric properties and polarity/ionic conductivity/non-covalent interaction of immobilized liquids. Thus, the EMW absorption performances of the gels can be precisely tuned over a wide range due to the diversity and stability of the liquids. The prepared hydrogels show good shielding performance (shielding efficiency > 20dB) due to the high dielectric constants, while organogels with moderate attenuation ability and impedance matching achieve full-wave absorption in X-band (8.2-12.4GHz) at 2.5 ± 0.5mm. The ionogels also offer a wide effective absorption bandwidth (10.79-16.38GHz at 2.2mm) via prominent ionic conduction loss. In short, this work provides a conceptually novel platform to develop high-efficient, customizable, and low-cost functional absorbers.

Reduced graphene oxide(rGO)-Ferrite composite inks and their printed meta-structures as an adaptable EMI shielding material

ABSTRACT Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding inks are generally conducting inks and therefore, are mostly reflection based. EMI shielding based on reflection are sometimes not suitable for certain applications apart from the fact that they themselves act as secondary source of EM waves. Here, we develop reduced graphene oxide (rGO)- zinc nickel ferrite (ZNF) and rGO-manganese (Mn)-doped zinc nickel ferrite inks for EM absorption in X-band, which have been tested in liquid state, coatings, and as printed meta-structures demonstrating versatile use of the inks. As a coating, the average EMI shielding of more than 30 dB is achieved in the 8 to 12 GHz range. The absorption properties of the rGO based ink can be increased from 50% to more than 80% by addition of a ferrite composite and can further be tuned by Mn doping. The dielectric measurement studies reveal that addition of Mn creates sites for interfacial polarization. The interfaces between polymer matrix, rGO, ZNF, and Mn contribute to conductivity, dipole and interfacial polarization losses, thereby augmenting absorption dominated EMI shielding. Cole-cole plot for the inks also indicates multiple relaxation processes confirming the role interfaces in absorption properties of the composite ink.

X-band full absorbing multi-layer foam with lightweight and flexible performance

A novel absorbing material with a flexible sandwich structure (S121) was designed and assembled using light-weight foams of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to achieve a full X-band absorption. The PDMS foams based on the composites of hollow polyaniline and MWCNTs (HPC) were prepared by means of impregnation technology selecting sugar cubes as a template. For the construction of sandwich S121, the upper and lower layers were HPC-PDMS foams (d foam = 1.0 mm) and the middle layer was HPC-PDMS film (d film = 0.5 mm). The SEM results revealed plentiful pores existed in S121, which would endow S121 with the traits of light-weight and lower density. The absorption performance of S121, single-layer HPC-PDMS foam (S1) and single-layer HPC-PDMS film (S2) had been characterized. Of importance, S121 achieved full absorption in X-band and its minimum reflection loss (RL min ) reached −32.65 dB at 9.5 GHz. In contrast, the RL min of S1 and S2 were only −15.42 dB and −11.72 dB. The frequency regions with RL < −10 dB of S1 and S2 were surprisingly narrow, which were 1.5 GHz and 0.4 GHz, respectively. The results indicated that the design of S121 demonstrated a synergistic effect of foams and film, which was helpful to enhance absorption and realize an X-band full absorption. Of great significance, due to the excellent flexibility of S121, after bending and compressing many times, RL min value is nearly identical to that of original S121, and the effective bandwidth is also full coverage of X-band. The results showed that the proposed S121 design is feasible for applications in X-band. • A flexible sandwich was designed and assembled based on PDMS foam and film. • The sandwich was constructed by filtering, absorbing and reverse interference layers. • The sandwich achieved a full X-band absorption and the RL min of −32.65 dB at 9.5 GHz. • The sandwich still kept admirable EM absorption after bending and compressing tests.

Functionally Graded Tunable Microwave Absorber with Graphene-Augmented Alumina Nanofibers.

Graphene is currently attracting attention for radiation absorption particularly at gigahertz and terahertz frequencies. In this work, composites formed by graphene-augmented γ-Al2O3 nanofibers embedded into the α-Al2O3 matrix are tested for X-band absorption efficiency. Composites with 15 and 25 wt % of graphene fillers with shielding effectiveness (SE) of 38 and 45 dB, respectively, show a high reflection coefficient, while around the electrical percolation threshold (∼1 wt %), an SE of 10 dB was achieved. Furthermore, based on the dielectric data obtained for varying fractions of graphene-/γ-Al2O3-added fillers, a functionally graded multilayer is constructed to maximize the device efficiency. The fabricated multilayer offers the highest absorption efficiency of 99.99% at ∼9.6 GHz and a full X-band absorption of >90% employing five lossy layers of 1-3-5-15 and 25 wt % of graphene/γ-Al2O3 fillers. The results prove a remarkable potential of the fillers and various multilayer designs for broad-band and frequency-specific microwave absorbers.

Thickness optimization towards microwave absorption enhancement in three-layer absorber based on SrFe12O19, SiO2@SrFe12O19 and MWCNTs@SrFe12O19 nanocomposites

The present research has been focused on the evaluations of microwave absorption characteristics of three-layer absorber with the approach of thickness optimization. Enhancement in microwave absorption feature predominantly depend on different factors such as multiple internal reflections between layers, interfacial polarization, phase cancellations, conduction loss, shape anisotropy and so on. By inspiring of these factors SrFe12O19, SiO2@SrFe12O19 and MWCNTs@SrFe12O19 nanocomposites were synthesized via tartrate-gel, stober and sol-gel methods respectively. XRD, FESEM, VSM and VNA techniques were used to determine the structural, microstructural, magnetic and microwave absorption features. The microwave absorption behavior of combination of these compounds with different layer arrangement and thickness were optimized via CST studio software. The maximum RL is reached to − 42 dB at 9.5 GHz with 4.2 GHz effective bandwidth which composed of three distinct resonance peaks at 9.5, 10.5 and 11.5 GHz. It is expected that the three-layer absorbers with this arrangement is the excellent absorbers for X-band absorption applications.

Preparation of porous graphene nanosheets/carbon nanotube/polyvinylidene fluoride (GNS/CNT/PVDF) composites for high microwave absorption in X-band

With the rapid development of electronic devices, it is urgent to design and fabricate lightweight and effective electromagnetic absorption materials. Here, the graphene nanosheets/carbon nanotube/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (GNS/CNT/PVDF) composites with three-dimensional interconnected hierarchically porous networks have been successfully prepared via a facile solution mixing and followed by phase inversion method. The specific hierarchically porous structure in the composites possesses interconnected pores with various sizes. The open micro-scale pores on the top side give much smaller permittivity, which makes it less resistive to the incident microwave in a wide frequency range and is advantageous for multiple reflection and scattering of electromagnetic waves (EMW). The relatively smooth and dense bottom prevents EMW passing through the composites, which endows the prepared composites with a high EMW absorption. The as-prepared porous composites with 3.5 mm thickness exhibit a maximum absorption value of as high as − 32.7 dB at 11.50 GHz and display an ultra-wide efficient absorption bandwidth (entire X-band). Therefore, our work sheds light on a feasible strategy for designing and fabricating high-efficient EMW absorption materials.

Structural, textural, morphological, magnetic and electromagnetic study of Cu-doped NiZn ferrite synthesized by pilot-scale combustion for RAM application

The synthesis of the Ni0.5-xZn0.5-xCu2xFe2O4 (x = 0; 0.10 and 0.15) ferrite with the differential of pilot-scale production by the combustion reaction method was investigated for RAM application purposes. Combustion temperatures ranging from 682 °C to 738 °C were observed. All ferrites were sintered at 1200 °C for 1 h. A comprehensive study of the influence of substitution with Cu2+ in a partial and proportional way to the Ni2+ and Zn2+ ions, doping mode little reported in the literature, and also of the sintering process over the structural, textural, morphological, magnetic and electromagnetic properties of NiZnCu ferrites was performed. The XRD patterns of the ferrites as synthesized revealed the formation of the cubic structure of the inverse spinel as majoritary phase, and traces of hematite and zinc oxide as segregated phases. After sintering, it was proven the single-phase formation of cubic spinel ferrite structure. The introduction of Cu led to a reduction in the lattice parameter, whose values ranged from 8.337 to 8.385 Å. The EDX results confirm the composition of oxides. The textural and morphological analyses confirmed the densest characteristic, with increase of particle size and reducing of surface area and pore volume after Cu-doping. All ferrites showed characteristics of soft ferrimagnetic material, where the increase in Cu content contributed to a slight reduction in saturation magnetization, whose values were of ~22–29 emu/g for the as synthesized ferrites and ~71–85 emu/g for the sintered ones. The best result of electromagnetic absorption in X-band was presented by the sintered ferrite with 0.3 mol of Cu, reaching an attenuation of 99.8% at 11.5 GHz frequency, thus confirming the efficiency of the pilot-scale combustion synthesis in obtaining a ferrite with great potential for RAM application.

Fabrication of the SrFe11MnO19 / CoFe1.9Bi0.1O4 ferrite nanocomposite and investigation the properties of its microwave absorption in X-band

In this study, SrFe11MnO19/CoFe1.9Bi0.1O4 ferrite nanocomposites were synthesized with different mass ratios at 900 °C for 4 h by a sol-gel method. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis indicates that by increasing the mass ratio of the spinel to hexagonal, (Sr–O) vibration bonds which are located in the tetrahedral sites, are eliminated. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) reveals the simultaneous existence of the hexaferrite and spinel ferrite phases in composites. Also, the maximum value of (B.H)max has belonged to the sample of h/s = 1/4. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) of the samples indicated that the particle shapes in hard and soft phases are cylindrical and spherical (or cubic) respectively. Furthermore, vector network analysis (VNA) in X-band, showed that the minimum reflection loss (R L) among nanocomposites has belonged to h/s = 1/4 sample, which occurs at a frequency of 8.6 GHz and its value is equal to −21.5 dB.

Microwave absorption performance enhancement using glass fiber-reinforced polymer nanocomposites containing dielectric fillers in X-band

Microwave absorption properties of radar absorbing structures in X-band frequency have been investigated using carbon-based dielectric filler materials. These structures are composed of E-glass/epoxy laminates filled with various wt% (0–2.5 with an increment of 0.5) of graphene and multiwalled carbon nanotubes individually. Composite fabrication has been done using high-pressure resin transfer molding (HPRTM). The pertinent electromagnetic (EM) parameters of composite structures are measured using the waveguide measurement technique in X-band. From the results, a single-layered polymer composite with 2.5% graphene contains better absorption than others. Among multilayered structures, the 11-layered composite structure has shown the best absorption performance (reflection loss (RL) = −21 dB) which is equal to 99.9% of incident EM radiation absorption in X-band. It is found that the single-layered structure has shown ineffective absorption performance compared to the multilayered structure under low weight concentrations. Moreover, a mathematical model to predict RL of different combinations of multilayered structures based on EM wave theory is proposed for the calculation of optimum layer combination for minimizing time and money. The predictions of the mathematical model are validated for the 11-layered structure using experimentation.

Dual functionality of hierarchical hybrid networks of multiwall carbon nanotubes anchored magnetite particles in soft polymer nanocomposites: Simultaneous enhancement in charge storage and microwave absorption

We demonstrated, for the first time, the use of submicron size insulative junctions of magnetite (Fe3O4) in conductive networks of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) for simultaneously achieving enhanced charge storage and superior microwave absorption in X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz) frequency range. Herein, electrical conductivity in fluoroelastomer matrix was attained by dispersion of MWNTs, whereas low dielectric loss was achieved by employing Fe3O4 particles as insulative spacers between MWNT networks. High-performance charge-storing nanocomposites were developed using unique approach where relatively large insulative Fe3O4 spacers were anchored to MWNT networks leading to disrupted conductive pathways. The size of Fe3O4 particles was controlled in such a way that the distance between discrete MWNTs at the insulative junction is larger than the critical distance required for hopping and tunneling of nomadic charges. This also resulted in optimum impedance matching and additional magnetic loss associated with Fe3O4, which led to the synergistic absorption of microwaves. Taken together, the anchoring of sub-micron size Fe3O4 particles with MWNTs provided dual functionality of high real permittivity (ε') along with decreased dielectric loss which are both favorable for charge storage. Furthermore, it led to improved impedance matching and we were able to achieve maximum microwave absorption.

Characterization of BaM and PaNi-Based Radar Absorbency (RAM) Behavior with Multilayer Geometry Structure for X-Band Absorption

Behavioral characterization of radar absorbent material consisting of Polyaniline (PaNi) and Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaM) has been successfully synthesized by solid state method. Polyaniline conductive material was synthesized using the polymerization method with DBSA dopant. A Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM) is characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Four Point Probe (FPP), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The ion Zn 2+ is dopping into the BAM structure, where Zn 2+ ions replace Fe2+ ions in Hexaferrite barium so that the phase becomes soft magnetic materials . RAM and PANi particles are combined with ship paint to form radar wave absorbent coatings. The layer is coated with multilayer geometry on AH 36 type A steel, with thicknesses of 2.4 mm, 3.6 mm, 4.8 mm and 6 mm respectively. The X-band wave absorption was identified by VNA testing, where the maximum reflection loss value was found at 6mm thickness with a reflection loss value - 32.6 dB at 8.4 GHz frequency. Reflection loss values of multilayer variations with a thickness of 2.4 mm, 3.6mm and 4.8mm each have reflection loss values of -8.02 dB, -19.13 dB and -28.9 dB respectively in the x band frequency range.