Composites of Co-Ti-Mn substituted M-type barium hexaferrite and CuO: Structural, optical, electromagnetic and X-band absorption for commercial applications

Abstract

In this research, composites of M-type barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) substituted with Co-Ti-Mn and Copper oxide (CuO) have been prepared to mitigate electromagnetic pollution caused by cellphones (0.9–40 GHz) and 4G–5G networking technologies. X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study structural and morphological analysis of synthesized composites. In the XRD analysis, the composite shows a pure phase of BaM hexaferrite and copper oxide, this was further confirmed by FTIR. Characteristic absorption bands of Co-Ti-Mn substituted BaM and CuO were observed at 260.9 cm−1, 265.2 cm−1 and 273.4 cm−1; these peaks suggest the formation of BaM and CuO phase. The optical and magnetic properties of synthesized samples were characterized by UV–visspectroscopy and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The UV-blue LED application is compatible with the band gap observed by UV–visspectroscopy. Hysteresis loops show that the magnetization (Ms), remnant magnetization (Mr) and coercivity (Hc) decreased with the increase of substitution (x). At room temperature, x = 0.10 (CTMC1) yields maximum values such Ms (35.84 emu/g), Mr ( 11.75 emu/g), and Hc (478.002 Oe). The complex permittivity and permeability were investigated in the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz) using vector network analyzer (VNA). Composite with x = 0.15 (CTMC2) yielded an optimum value of reflection loss up to −35.79 dB at a matching frequency of 11.49 GHz and more than 90 % absorption bandwidth of 1.5 GHz. The results suggest that the synthesized composites have potential to be used as new generations of electromagnetic shielding materials.