Writer's Knowledge Research Articles

Elements of Digital Citizenship within Surabaya City Text in New Media

This article identifies digital citizenship texts on the web www.c2o-libarary.net. These texts are analyzed using the concept of digital citizenship which was conceptualized by Westheimer and Kahne (2004), namely “personally responsible citizens”, “participatory citizens”, and “justice-oriented citizens”. These digital citizenship texts are narratives about individual and community activism in cyberspace which are uploaded via www.c2o-libarary.net. Each subject of the author tries to construct activism as a form of critically disseminating information and knowledge to other communities but with a narrative that is easy to understand and digest. The writer's knowledge and interaction in the Surabaya space is a determining factor in the narratives that are published in the media. In the end, the published narrative becomes a collection of concepts and ideas that can guide the government and the people of Surabaya to move forward and better life.

Design of Robot Plotter Software for Making Pattern with Turtle Graphics Algorithm

Robot plotter can be more practical with a turtle graphics algorithm-designed interface application. Here is a literature review to develop a plotter robot control model. An experiment constructed software to transmit interface and robot plotter commands. Robot plotter uses selective compliance articulated arm (SCARA) on two x and y joints. A Turtle Graphics application commands the plotter robot to make batik design. A plotter robot can create a simple batik pattern on paper. Combining the writer's electrical engineering and art knowledge created a distinctive interface. This is new research. Research improves education and industry. The study helps automate batik pattern making. For those with disabilities, research can help them make patterns.

PETITE FOURS VARIASI FILLING DAN TOPPING BUAH NANAS SEBAGAI HIDANGAN STAND PESTAS

Petite fours are small cake dishes, biscuits or various kinds of pastries which are decorated with cooked chocolate, fondant, cream, fruits that are specially decorated, known as bite size or the size of one or two bites. Currently, the party stand dish in the form of petite fours is not widely served because people think that petite fours is an expensive dish. The use of pineapple as a filling or topping on petite fours is rarely found. The purpose of writing is to develop the writer's knowledge and skills in the field of cuisine, especially patisserie, in processing Petite Fours with variations of filling and topping of pineapple as a party stand dish. The method used in this manufacture is an experimental method, namely testing the recipe five times, resulting in petite fours with variations of filling and topping of pineapple as a party stand dish. The party stand dish is the Mini Cake Layers Pineapple.

Long Arm Serial Casting Results in Decreased Spasticity and Improved Function for Woman with Multiple Sclerosis

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> To evaluate if LASC would decrease upper extremity spasticity and improve function in a 52 y.o woman with Relapsing Remitting MS. <h3>Design</h3> This study was a single-patient case study. <h3>Setting</h3> All sessions were completed at the Andrew C. Carlos Multiple Sclerosis Institute at Shepherd Center. <h3>Participants</h3> The participant was a 52 y.o female diagnosed with relapsing remitting MS in 2009. She presented with nonfunctional use, the inability to use her extremity effectively to complete activities of daily living (ADLs)/instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), of her right upper extremity (RUE) and an intact left upper extremity (LUE). <h3>Interventions</h3> All interventions of the right upper extremity (RUE) were performed by a licensed occupational therapist. Serial casting involves a series of casts which are applied and removed with the goal of increasing range of motion (ROM) with each cast. The final LASC is then turned into a bivalve cast by cutting it in half to allow for daily application and removal. Intervention totaled 9 weeks or 9 treatment sessions after 8 sessions of conservative measures were found to be ineffective: Week 1/session 9 consultation/education for LASC, weeks 2 and 3/sessions 10-12 LASC and bivalve fabrication, and weeks 4-9/sessions 13-17 continued use of bivalve in combination with neuromuscular re-education, strengthening and functional training. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Modified Tardieu, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), pain, strength, skin, ROM, and function were assessed. <h3>Results</h3> Modified Tardieu and MAS improved. Increased strength occurred in shoulder flexion, elbow flexion/extension and supination. Active shoulder range of motion, not possible pre-intervention due to pain, was pain free post-intervention for abduction, horizontal abduction, horizontal adduction and external rotation. Furthermore, increased functional use including feeding, dressing, and bathing was achieved. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Long arm serial casting may be an effective intervention for individuals with MS who have debilitating upper extremity spasticity. To the writer's knowledge, there is no published research regarding LASC for individuals with MS. Additional research is warranted. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> No known disclosures at this time.

Deconfusion of the Child ego state - An examination of the main contributions and how redecision adds to the literature

This paper examines some of the main writings about deconfusion of the Child in the transactional analysis literature. It seeks to show how each approach defines the goals of deconfusion and the methods by which deconfusion is obtained. In doing this it clarifies the three methods which Berne proposed could be used for such deconfusion. It also attempts to show how redecision therapy adds to the literature on the topic, which to the writer's knowledge has not been done before.

Commentary on the 12th Edition of Intellectual Disability: Definition, Diagnosis, Classification, and Systems of Supports

Commentary on the 12th Edition of <i>Intellectual Disability: Definition, Diagnosis, Classification, and Systems of Supports</i>

The visual-verbal text interrelation: Lessons from the ideational meanings of a phonics material in a primary level EFL textbook

The interrelation between verbal and image represented in a textbook is one of the prominent issues that should be taken into account. If the interrelation between these modes is presented in a textbook properly and aptly, students' outcomes of a particular material, such as phonics, may be entrenched and fostered. Thereby, this study aimed to scrutinize the interrelation between the verbal and image represented in the phonics material, which was to the best of the writer's knowledge concerning studies scrutinizing the phonics materials vis-à-vis multimodal text was still limited. Furthermore, a qualitative research method using content analysis was employed to investigate the analysis unit, namely the phonics material taken from one primary level EFL textbook. Besides, Royce's (1998, 2002, 2007) Intersemiotic Complementarity and Kress and van Leeuwen's (2006) Grammar of Visual Design involving one of the metafunctions deriving from Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics, ideational metafunction was employed. The findings revealed that a multimodal text encompassing the phonic material was, in fact, had fruitful meanings manifested in various modes, and there was a synergy found between the visual and verbal meanings realized by the ideational intersemiotic complementarity.

Coletivos ciberfeministas como fonte de informação

Objetivo: Analisar os coletivos ciberfeministas como fonte de informação, cujos problemas incluem questionar se esses sites disponibilizam sugestões de bibliografias com publicações que abordam o tema, identificar quais são os tipos de materiais (e-books, artigos, vídeos, dissertações, teses, cartilhas, leis, etc.) disponibilizados, quem os acessa, quem os produz e se mensuram os acessos aos materiais.Método: Optou-se pela pesquisa exploratória usando-se o método de etnografia virtual, avaliando os coletivos feministas brasileiros destacados na literatura pesquisada: Think Olga, Não Me Kahlo, Geledés, Blogueiras Negras, Escreva Lola Escreva, Blogueiras Feministas, Biscate Social Club, Gorda e Sapatão, Transfeminismos.Resultado: Os coletivos estudados apresentam, em sua maioria postagens de textos, muitos dos quais construídos a partir da consciência e conhecimento que o escritor tem do assunto, alguns seguindo uma abordagem próxima a de um depoimento, mostrando uma percepção pessoal sobre o tema, enquanto outros apresentam uma discussão com maior neutralidade. A busca por informação nesses blogs e outros ambientes virtuais, como páginas em redes sociais, nem sempre é facilitada, uma vez que alguns deles apresentam tags e campos de busca, mas nem todos. Se posicionam quanto ao possível público-alvo, contudo não foi localizado quantos acessos são realizados. Os comentários dos leitores são um indicador de que há interesse pelos materiais disponibilizados, mas não se tem um mapa dos acessos sobre quem e quanto foi acessado.Conclusões: Considera-se que a Ciência da Informação é fundamental para o ciberfeminismo, pois contribui diretamente para o empoderamento feminino, dado que visa compreender a dinâmica de desenvolvimento e difusão de uma cultura informacional nesse meio, e uma das principais propostas é promover o acesso e a apropriação à informação pelas mulheres

Discussion: “Closed Form Expression for the Vibration Problem of a Transversely Isotropic Magneto-Electro-Elastic Plate” (Liu, M. F., and Chang, T. P., 2010, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 77, 024502)

In Ref. [1] the authors developed a plate theory for bending and vibration of magnetoelectroelastic (MEE) thin plates by employing the Kirchhoff hypothesis, and numerical results are presented and compared with certain existing solutions. The work should be interesting and valuable since MEE plate structures have a wide application prospect in various fields. However, in the derivation of the constitutive relations for thin plates, i.e., Eqs. (15)–(17) in Ref. [1], the authors improperly substituted the zero normal strain (ɛz=0) in the three-dimensional constitutive equations. It can be easily shown that, the presented moment-deflection relations, i.e., Eqs. (33)–(35) in Ref. [1], cannot be reduced to the classical results for the degenerated case of an isotropic elastic material.The correct way to derive the proper constitutive relations for thin plate actually starts from the relation σz=0, since the plate is very thin and a plane-stress state dominates [2–4]. From this relation, one can solve for ɛz in terms of other strain components. Substituting ɛz back into the 3D constitutive equations of MEE materials, the ones for MEE thin plates can be given as follows(1)σx=c¯11(-z∂2w∂x2)+c¯12(-z∂2w∂y2)+e¯31∂ϕ∂z+q¯31∂ψ∂zσy=c¯12(-z∂2w∂x2)+c¯11(-z∂2w∂y2)+e¯31∂ϕ∂z+q¯31∂ψ∂zτxy=-2c66z∂2w∂x∂yDz=e¯31∂u∂x+e¯31∂v∂y-ɛ¯33∂ϕ∂z-d¯33∂ψ∂zBz=q¯31∂u∂x+q¯31∂v∂y-d¯33∂ϕ∂z-μ¯33∂ψ∂zwhere(2)c¯11=c11-c13c13/c33, c¯12=c12-c13c13/c33e¯31=e31-c13e33/c33, q¯31=q31-c13q33/c33ɛ¯33=ɛ33+e33e33/c33, μ¯33=μ33+q33q33/c33d¯33=d33+e33q33/c33Obviously, Eq. (1) is different from Eqs. (15)–(17) presented in Ref. [1], and can be reduced to the classical results for an isotropic elastic plate. A systematic deduction of the two-dimensional theories for MEE beams, plates and shells as well as their applications may be found in Refs. [5–], to name a few.Furthermore, to the writer's knowledge, it is impossible to write the natural frequency of a rectangular plate with an arbitrary combination of boundary conditions in the simple form of Eq. (42) in Ref. [1]. On the other hand, comprehensive discussions on vibration of elastic rectangular plates, as documented in Ref. [9], can be similarly applied to MEE thin plates.

Comparative Analysis of the Numeral Systems of Ígálà , Yoruba, German and English

This study undertakes a comparative analysis of the numeral systems of Igala, Yoruba, English and German. An essential part of data collation for the study comprises compilation of comparative wordlists of Ígálà, Yoruba, German and English numeral systems in addition to the writer's personal observation and knowledge of the systems. The investigation reveals that the complexity of deriving especially non-basic numerals in the languages involves three predominant arithmetic processes of addition, subtraction (Yoruba in particular) and multiplication in addition to certain grammatical processes, especially vowel elision, clipping, compounding and so on. In addition, the summary of the quasi constraints or derivational patterns for the languages reveals that whereas German and English maintain very similar patterns because of their very close affinity as sisters from the same parent, it is not so with Ígálà and Yoruba even though both belong to the same language family. Incorporating insights from optimality theory, the paper argues that even though numeracy and the constraints that ensure well-formedness of numerals are somewhat universal, parametric variations abound. The actual patterning of the sequences of the derivational processes in individual languages may be very similar but definitely not the same, no matter how closely related the languages concerned may be. If not, they would cease to represent core grammars of different languages.

Fashions and Legacies of Nineteenth-Century Italian Opera (review)

Reviewed by: Fashions and Legacies of Nineteenth-Century Italian Opera Richard LeSueur Fashions and Legacies of Nineteenth-Century Italian Opera. Edited by Roberta Montemorra Marvin and Hilary Poriss. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. [xv, 282 p. ISBN 9780521889988. $90.] Music examples, illustrations, tables, index. The collection of essays found in Fashions and Legacies of Nineteenth-Century Italian Opera offers a look at not only the music and librettos, but also the performing conventions of the nineteenth century and their continued influence on operatic performance today. All of the contributors look to the score (both manuscript and printed), libretto, or disposizioni sceniche. Disposizioni sceniche were staging manuals published by Ricordi to try to control stage directors and scenic designers by preserving the staging as conceived for premiere performances. It is interesting that these directions, which Ricordi tried to impose on all theaters, did not take into account the real-world difficulties caused by the physical limitations of each particular theater. However, they do convey a sense of the effects, both musical and visual, that the composer had in mind. One wonders what Ricordi would have thought of the concept productions found at opera houses around [End Page 577] the world today. At the same time Ricordi was trying to stem the tide of performances of existing works fitted with new librettos or music borrowed from other works. Our concept of copyright did not exist to protect the composer and the publisher, and so Ricordi tried to control the entire production. Each of the essays is a gem, full of useful information on a topic which has not been explored in depth to this writer's knowledge. All of the essays are well documented with copious footnotes. It is interesting that many of the authors cite Philip Gossett's Divas and Scholars: Performing Italian Opera (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006), a particularly fine source for information about performance practice and score notation in nineteenth-century Italian opera. Certainly this new volume should be required reading not only for musicologists and performers but also for the management of opera companies. As with all books that deal with music, the reader's knowledge of the composer and the particular works being discussed plays into the understanding of the author's main points. Having printed music examples is helpful, but only true familiarity with the score allows readers to recreate in their own minds the ideas the author is proposing. The essays discussing various aspects of Aida, Otello, and even I Puritani were, for this reviewer, more readily assessable than the fascinating essay by Francesco Izzo, "Comic Sights: Stage Directions in Luigi Ricci's Autograph Scores," as the works were not in my mind's ear as I was reading. This is, of course, not the author's fault. Looking into the past, Ellen T. Harris's "Viardot Sings Handel (with Thanks to George Sand, Chopin, Meyerbeer, Gounod, and Julius Rietz)" looks at the contemporary writings concerning Pauline Viardot's performances of not only Handel but also of Gluck. The discussion includes references to Viardot's source scores and to the reviews of her performances, which give insights into her own performance practices. The thought of applauding during the performance of a Gluck aria due to being overcome with emotion would be anathema today, but audiences still do so regularly after an unwritten high note toward the end of an aria, so perhaps times have not changed that much. The lack of proper copyright protection and its consequences is tackled by Fabrizio Della Seta in "I falsi Puritani: A Case of Espionage." Della Seta compares unauthorized vocal scores of I Puritani from several publishers; these are typically based on excerpts published by Ricordi, with the rest filled in by anonymous hands relying more on operatic conventions than a musical inventiveness of Bellini's caliber. This demonstrates not only the difficulty that publishers had in earning their fair profit, but also the forward-looking nature of Bellini's final opera, as exemplified by passages that do not follow the conventions of the time. In the same vein, Roberta Montemorra Marvin discusses the issue of popular realizations of Verdi arias for home use in England in...

Re-membering my ways of knowing and learning while ‘learning otherwise’

ABSTRACT This article addresses the writer's internal conflict as an African woman who left the great continent in the hope of gaining knowledge at a large North-American university. The writer is faced with the dilemma of acquiring knowledge of Western origins as part of a doctoral programme in nursing, which rarely and scantly acknowledges that the writer, too, possesses unique knowledge. This dilemma has made the writer wonder about the ontological and epistemological stances regarding nursing practice in Africa, which forms the writer's professional identity, in the context of an African heritage. This is a deliberation on the development of nursing knowledge which has guided the writer's re-(membering) of African ways of knowing and learning, despite it being deemed ‘unscientific’. The presentation answers four questions: 1. Can the writer reflect out loud (Cruz 2008) about African knowledge in the context of Western academia? 2. Why do Africans keep audibly silent about the knowledge they have? 3. Is the writer's African knowledge considered knowledge by the West? 4. Is Western knowledge relevant to the writer, as an African, or is it relevant for her nursing practice? As an African scholar and researcher, the writer strongly believes we must not turn ourselves into the model researchers and scholars described and prescribed by the West. This will take us backward to the era where we were made pariahs in the land of our birth. We can succeed if we confront our fears and doubts that the polite methods which African scholars and researchers use have little effect. We can succeed if we do not adopt a policy of yielding to oppression in our research and scholarship. Therefore, no congregation other than this one will free our children, their children and their children's children from oppressed scholarship and educational practices.

Out of Europe: the African palimpsest in Michel Leiris's L’Afrique fantôme

In his travel journal classic, L’Afrique fantôme (1934), after a year of travel through sub-Saharan Africa, the French writer and ethnographer Michel Leiris listed a group of texts under the simple heading ‘African imagery’. The author never explicates the meanings of the imagery thereby giving the reader the opportunity to reflect on their possible implications, or to leave them as they are. The aim of this paper is to examine the indications of this heterogeneous list, and its framing in the travel journal, as a palimpsest that states itself, but that also has the potential to call into question the writer's prior knowledge of Africa. Moreover, the paper sets the list's contents in relation to Leiris's other writings so as to tease out some finer implications of the specific textual ‘ambience’ to which the author refers as he presents the inventory of African imagery to his reading public.

Evidence ofevidentialityin the quality press 1993 and 2005

In this paper, I adopt a diachronic approach to the analysis of the two large SiBol newspaper corpora, in order to examine and compare the expression of evidentiality ( Bednarek, 2006 ; Dendale and Tasmowski, 2001 ; and Chafe, 1986 ) – that is, how the writer's knowledge is marked as having been ‘seen’ or ‘heard’, etc., how the knowledge is attributed, and how it is passed on to the reader. Findings show an increased use of evidential markers over the thirteen-year period studied, and, at the same time, a shift in reporter usage of evidentiality towards hearsay evidence and the reporting of knowledge acquired by speculation. This is in keeping with other observations regarding an increased ‘vagueness’ in contemporary journalism (see Duguid, 2010 ), which is counterbalanced at times with an elevation of the newsworker's presence.

Evidence of evidentiality in the quality press 1993 and 2005

In this paper, I adopt a diachronic approach to the analysis of the two large SiBol newspaper corpora, in order to examine and compare the expression of evidentiality (Bednarek, 2006; Dendale and Tasmowski, 2001; and Chafe, 1986) – that is, how the writer's knowledge is marked as having been ‘seen’ or ‘heard’, etc., how the knowledge is attributed, and how it is passed on to the reader. Findings show an increased use of evidential markers over the thirteen-year period studied, and, at the same time, a shift in reporter usage of evidentiality towards hearsay evidence and the reporting of knowledge acquired by speculation. This is in keeping with other observations regarding an increased ‘vagueness’ in contemporary journalism (see Duguid, 2010), which is counterbalanced at times with an elevation of the newsworker's presence.

Life Writing And Illness:

In the recent past a number of scholars, scientists, and university teachers have published autobiographical accounts of their experience of illness and integrated these texts into their exploration of theoretical concepts of construction of illness. This combination of two different discourses calls for particular attention because the dialogue established between the autobiographical act and the theoretical debate continuously generates new questions necessary for theory. Furthermore, experiencing a serious illness the narrator/patient/academic is confronted with possible death. Thus, these texts on the one hand provide evidence for some kind of survival and on the other hand explore a realm beyond the writer's knowledge, which can be seen as a stimulus for further inquiry. This essay explores the specific ways in which feminist academics like Eve Sedgwick, Jackie Stacey, and brain scientist Jill Bolte Taylor integrate their experience of illness into their own theoretical study of illness.

A SELF-STUDY: IMPROVING PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE OF PRONUNCIATION TEACHING

This self-study was initiated when the writer closely worked with a Chinese student, improving the student's pronunciation peiformance, for several weeks. The tutorial program was intended mainly to help the student improve his pronunciation. At the same time, the writer benefited the program to conduct a self study improving her pronunciation teaching practice and her understanding of that practice. A participatory observation, several interviews and a reflective writing were taken as sources to collect the data. During the program. the writer noticed some aspects of her content knowledge were transformed and evolved. The improvement of the writer's pedagOgical content knowledge (PCK), as a result of the tutorial practice, were discussed in terms of five components suggested by Magnusson et all (1999): orientations of teaching, knowledge of curriculum, knowledge of student understanding, knowledge of assessment, and knowledge of instructional strategies. This study provides a useful inquiry for exploring how one's own practice can be used to improve teacher education courses and teacher education programs.

Road Maps and Advertising in Britain 1860–1940

To the writer's knowledge nothing has been published, at the time of writing, on British maps as a selling medium in the period 1860–1940. The only exception proves the rule: D. G. Hindley's Advertising in Victorian England 1837–1901 (see Sources) mentions Chas Baker's 1887 ABC Guide to London and Large Pocket Map of London (see below), but does not place it in its context. This means that the subject can only be studied through the maps themselves, against a background of society at the time.

Academia and community action: actionaid, a community-based united kingdom parents' project

A fundamental challenge for research in the twenty-first century may necessitate consideration of the extent to which the goals and aspirations of research includes a renewed commitment to combining the knowledge and experience of the research community, the educational practitioner community and local communities. A cohesive triangular alliance is conceptualised, which takes account of the epistemological variation in these triple communities. The challenge is to forge collaborative relationships with links that provide support for new constructions of knowledge, rather than chains that may act as a restriction to innovatory and potentially constructive connections. This article investigates the potential for fresh links between the ‘community triangle’ of research, education and local communities with reference to ‘Actionaid’, a case study of a community-based parents' project, arising in conjunction with a doctoral study, combining the writer's academic and research knowledge, community based knowledge, education practitioner knowledge as well as her cultural knowledge and understanding as an African Caribbean woman. In describing this study the researcher will draw attention to questions surrounding ‘positionality’ and professionalism, in particular their impact on the development of knowledge formulations, which encompass methodological, professional and community credibility across the three communities

Stiffness Formulation for Nonprismatic Beam Elements

This paper presents a method to define two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) elastic-stiffness matrices for nonprismatic elements (tapered or haunched), based on traditional beam theory and the flexibility method. The proposed formulation includes deformations and the shape of the cross section but neglects warping deformations. Although more rigorous formulations for tapered elements have already been addressed, the proposed procedure is presented so its direct application or implementation in computer programs for structural analysis is straightforward. The procedure is compared against the design tables of the Portland Cement Association (PCA). It is demonstrated that the PCA tables are obsolete for today's state-of-the-knowledge on nonprismatic members because they can lead to significant errors. A new set of design aids for most common cross sections used in building structures have been developed to substitute the PCA handbook of frame constants. Closed-form solutions for linearly tapered elements of rectangular, square, and circular cross sections are provided. Finally, it is demonstrated that the stiffness factors for nonprismatic elements depend on the span-to-depth ratio of the element ( L /h). To the writer's knowledge, no one has proved this fact before.