Wound Healing Properties Research Articles

Study the phytochemical, Biological and pharmacological aspects of Azadirachta indica: A review

Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a fast-growing tropical evergreen plant that belongs to the Meliaceae family. Its compounds have been shown to be effective against illnesses and insect pests that are significant economic concerns. The plant's whole body has biopesticidal properties, especially in the form of extracts from the leaves, bark, and roots. Every part of the plant has been utilized medicinally and is now considered a treasure in contemporary medicine. Salannin, quercetin, nimbolinin, nimbin, nimbidin, nimbidol, and azadirachtin are among the beneficial active compounds that have been isolated from several plant sections. This review article's primary goal is to provide information on a range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antihelmethic, antidiabetic, wound-healing, and ulcer-preventing properties. activity hepatoprotective, Effects on Immunomodulation and Antinephrotoxicity.

Exploring the Benefits of Herbal Medicine Composite 5 (HRMC5) for Skin Health Enhancement

The skin, as the body’s largest organ, is vital for protecting against environmental stressors, regulating temperature, and preventing water loss. Here, we examined the potential of a mixture of five traditional Korean herbal extracts—Cimicifuga racemosa, Paeonia lactiflora, Phellodendron amurense, Rheum rhaponticum, and Scutellaria baicalensis—referred to as herbal medicine composite 5 (HRMC5) for enhancing skin health and managing menopausal symptoms. High-performance liquid chromatography identified 14 bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthraquinones, and alkaloids. In vitro studies revealed an optimal concentration of 0.625 g/L for cell survival and UV protection, with the mixture demonstrating significant wound-healing properties comparable to epidermal growth factor. HRMC5 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating COX2 expression and upregulating the key skin barrier proteins. A 4-week clinical trial involving 20 postmenopausal women showed significant improvements in skin redness, hemoglobin concentration, and skin moisture content. Visual analog scale assessments indicated substantial reductions in facial flushing severity and the associated sweating. The topical application of HRMC5 cream offered potential advantages over ingested phytoestrogens by reducing the systemic side effects. These findings suggest that HRMC5 is a promising non-invasive treatment for vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women and overall skin health, warranting further research on its long-term efficacy and safety in larger populations.

Phytochemical Characterization and Assessment of the Wound Healing Properties of Three Eurasian Propolis

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the wound healing potential of Eurasian propolis by analyzing the phytochemical profile and the biological effects of three representative propolis samples. Methods: Specific colorimetric assays were used to estimate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the triterpenoids content. Some of the main components of Eurasian propolis (pinocembrin, pinobanksin, CAPE, chrysin and galangin) were analyzed using HPLC-DAD. Scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity were assessed through DPPH and ORAC assays, respectively. Human keratinocyte, fibroblast, and monocytic cell lines were used for the biological in vitro analyses. The direct wound healing properties were tested through scratching assays and ELISA kits for the assessment of the production of growth factors (FGF-7, Latency Associated Peptide-LAP), while the indirect effects were evaluated through the estimation of the levels of MMP9, IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α using ELISA kits together with a cell-free test on the inhibition capacity on collagenases. Network Pharmacology analysis was employed to further explore possible mechanisms of the action of propolis on the healing process. Results: The analyses confirmed the high phenolic content of Eurasian propolis (142.50–211.30 mg GAE/g), dominated by flavonoids (95.50–196.80 mg Galangin Equivalents/g), and terpenes (431.50–650.00 mg β-sitosterol Equivalents/g), while also verifying the significant antioxidant (4.9–8.9 mM/g Trolox Equivalents) and antiradical (DPPH IC50 26.1–54.4 μg/mL) activities. The samples showed indirect wound healing properties by mitigating inflammation and remodeling (reduced IL-1β and MMP9) and potentially modulating the immune response (upregulated IL-8). In vitro studies confirmed these effects, demonstrating decreased MMP9 production and collagenase inhibition when cells were co-treated with propolis and a stressor. Propolis also suppressed IL-1β release in fibroblasts, although its impact on TNF-α was inconclusive. Notably, co-treatment upregulated IL-8 in monocytes, suggesting a potential immunomodulatory role. Conclusions: Eurasian propolis may not directly stimulate cell proliferation during wound healing. Its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties could indicate an indirect contribution in helping the process.

Utilizing Ziziphus spina-christi for eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Antimicrobial activity and promising application in wound healing

Abstract Wound healing is a critical process essential for the body’s recovery from injuries, often complicated by bacterial infections. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained attention due to their antibacterial and tissue-regenerative properties. However, conventional chemical synthesis methods for AgNPs pose environmental risks. This study utilizes Ziziphus spina-christi (ZSC) extract for the eco-friendly synthesis of AgNPs, evaluating their antibacterial and wound-healing capabilities. The AgNPs-ZSC showed an absorption maximum at λ max of 460 nm, a particle size of 111.2 ± 1.09 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.38 ± 0.006, and a zeta potential of −27.0 ± 0.231 mV. The synthesized AgNPs-ZSC were spherical, non-aggregated, and exhibited potent antibacterial activity superior to chloramphenicol. Furthermore, the AgNPs-ZSC cream significantly promoted wound closure, epithelial tissue proliferation, and granulation tissue formation in rats, showing no signs of toxicity or adverse reactions. In conclusion, AgNPs-ZSC cream demonstrates excellent antibacterial and wound-healing properties, presenting a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical methods for AgNP synthesis.

Wound Healing, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Activities, and Chemical Composition of Korean Propolis from Different Sources

Propolis, such as is used as bio-cosmetics and in functional materials, is increasing because of its antioxidant medicinal benefits. However, its pharmacological and chemical composition is highly variable, relative to its geography and botanical origins. Comparative studies on three propolis samples collected from different regions in Korea have been essential for linking its provenance, chemical composition, and biological activity, thereby ensuring the efficient utilization of its beneficial properties. Here, we report the chemical composition and biological activities such as the antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanolic extract of Korean propolis collected from two regions. We compared the chemical constituents of three 70% ethanol-extracted (EE) samples, including the Andong, Gongju field (GF), and Gongju mountain (GM)-sourced propolis using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The major and common components of these EE Korean propolis were flavonoids such as pinocembrin (12.0–17.7%), chrysin (5.2–6.8%), and apigenin (5.30–5.84%). The antioxidant property using a 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay of EEP showed substantial differences among samples with the highest from Andong. The sample 10% GM levigated in simple ointment was found to be the most active in wound healing activity based on the excision, incision, and dead space wound models. The potential of propolis for wound healing is mainly due to its evidenced properties, such as its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and angiogenesis promoter effects, which need further study. The anti-inflammatory activity and NO production inhibitory effect were highest in GM samples. However, GM and GF samples demonstrated similar inhibitory effects on the expression of inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-6. The presence of a higher concentration of flavonoids in Korean EE propolis might be responsible for their promising wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

Phytochemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and wound healing activities of Thermopsis turcica.

The antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, wound healing activities and phenolic substance profile of aqueous extracts prepared using branch, leaf, flower parts and above-ground parts of Thermopsis turcica were determined in the study. The analyses indicate that the total phenolic substance contents and total antioxidant status are higher in the mix, flower, and leaf extracts. The extracts reduced cell viability in HGF cells more than in A549 cells. It shows that the extract has low anticarcinogenic activity in A549 cells. Flower extract had the highest wound closure rate. Quinic acid, cyranoside and luteolin were found in high concentrations in all extracts with LC/ESI-MS/LC analysis. It has been determined that the flower extract of the species is the most critical part showing antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and wound healing properties. While the leaf and mix extracts stand out with their antioxidative and antimicrobial properties, the branch extract is effective in wound healing.

Lactoferrin: a secret weapon in the war against pathogenic bacteria

The excessive use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infectious diseases in all living beings has caused a global epidemic of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant and pandrug-resistant strains. In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that antimicrobial resistance causes at least 700,000 deaths per year worldwide. Therefore, in this global war against microorganisms, a therapeutic alternative is necessary to help us win this battle. A key in this race against the clock could be lactoferrin (Lf), a cationic glycoprotein of the mammalian innate immune system that is highly conserved among mammals. Lf is a multifunctional glycoprotein with immunomodulatory, anticarcinogenic, wound-healing, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and bone regeneration properties, in addition to improving the gut microbiota. Lf limits the growth of microorganisms through the sequestration of iron but can also interact directly with some components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or bind to teichoic acids in Gram-positive bacteria, destabilizing the membrane and resulting in lysis. Moreover, cleavage of the Lf molecule could promote the production of lactoferricins (Lfcins) and lactoferrampin (Lfampin) from the N-terminal end, which are known to often have stronger antimicrobial effects than the native molecule, as well as analogous peptides, such as HLopt2, which have also shown enhanced antimicrobial activity. Bovine Lf (bLf) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the European Food Safety Authority for its use as a dietary supplement in food products. Because of its effectiveness, accessibility, low cost, and nontoxicity, Lf could be a promising alternative for preventing or treating infections in animals and humans.

The Comparison of Antibacterial Efficacy, Cell Proliferation, and Wound Healing Properties in Extracts Derived from Leaves and Inflorescences of Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan ST1 (Cannabis sativa L.)

The therapeutic potential of Cannabis sativa extracts in wound healing applications has garnered significant interest due to their diverse pharmacological properties. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the antibacterial properties and wound-healing activity of ethanolic extracts derived from C. sativa leaves and inflorescences of the Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan ST1 cultivar. The extracts were prepared using ethanol, and their antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity and ability to promote cell proliferation and migration were investigated. The antibacterial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus epidermidis TISTR 518, Klebsiella pneumoniae TISTR 1383, Pseudomonas aeruginosa TISTR 2370, Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466 and Bacillus cereus TISTR 2373 using the disk diffusion method and broth microdilution assay. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using the MTT assay on human fibroblasts in serum-supplemented and serum-depleted media. The scratch wound healing assay was employed to quantify cell migration and wound closure. The results demonstrated that both leaf and inflorescence extracts exhibited antibacterial activity, with the inflorescence extract showing higher efficacy against S. aureus. Furthermore, the extracts enhanced fibroblast proliferation and migration in a concentration-dependent manner. Notably, the leaf extract outperformed the inflorescence extract in promoting fibroblast proliferation and migration, particularly at earlier time points. These findings suggest that C. sativa extracts, particularly from the leaves, possess wound-healing properties and could be developed as novel therapeutic agents for promoting efficient wound repair and managing chronic non-healing wounds. HIGHLIGHTS This research is the inaugural exploration into the antibacterial properties and wound healing capabilities of the Cannabis sativa L. Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan ST1 cultivar, a unique variant of Cannabis sativa. This strain has received official recognition and registration from the Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Thailand. Our findings reveal that extracts derived from the leaves and inflorescences of the Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan ST1 strain display potent antibacterial activity against five tested pathogenic bacteria, namely Staphylococcus epidermidis TISTR 518, Klebsiella pneumoniae TISTR 1383, Pseudomonas aeruginosa TISTR 2370, Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466, and Bacillus cereus TISTR 2373. Moreover, these extracts stimulate the growth and movement of human fibroblasts. These compelling results underscore the potential for harnessing this plant as an efficacious agent for wound healing. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

A hybrid 3D-printed and electrospun bilayer pharmaceutical membrane based on polycaprolactone/chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol for wound healing applications

Skin injuries resulting from physical trauma pose significant health risks, necessitating advanced wound care solutions. This investigation introduces an innovative bilayer wound dressing composed of 3D-printed propolis-coated polycaprolactone (PCL/PP) and an electrospun composite of polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, polycaprolactone, and diltiazem (PVA/CTS/PCL/DTZ). SEM analysis revealed a bilayer structure with 89.23 ± 51.47 % porosity and uniformly distributed nanofibers. The scaffold tensile strength, with pore sizes of 100, 300, and 500 μm, was comparable to native skin. However, smaller pore sizes reduced water vapor transmission from 4211.59 ± 168.53 to 2358.49 ± 203.63 g/m2. The incorporation of DTZ lowered the contact angle to 35.23 ± 3.65°, while the addition of PCL reduced the degradation rate and modulated the release of DTZ by approximately 50 %. Moreover, lower pH increased the degradation rate and decreased swelling. The inclusion of propolis enhanced antibacterial activity, and 10 % DTZ promoted the viability, proliferation, and migration of fibroblasts and adipose-derived stem cells. However, increasing DTZ concentration to 12 % reduced cell viability. In vivo tests on rats demonstrated effective wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties of the bilayer samples. Regarding the aforementioned results, the PCL/PP-PVA/CTS/PCL/DTZ (10 % w/w) bilayer wound dressing is a promising candidate for wound healing applications.

Wound Healing, Metabolite Profiling, and In Silico Studies of Aspergillus terreus.

Burn injuries, which significantly affect global public health, require effective treatment strategies tailored to varying severity. Fungi are considered a sustainable, easily propagated source for lead therapeutic discovery. In this study, we explored the burn wound healing potential of Aspergillus terreus through a combination of in vitro, in vivo, metabolite profiling, and in silico analysis. The in vitro scratch assays performed with human skin fibroblast cells showed promising wound healing activity. Furthermore, the burn-induced rats model showed a marked improvement in cutaneous wound healing, evidenced by an accelerated rate of wound closure and better skin regeneration after A. terreus extract treatment at 14 days. The results of this study demonstrated significant enhancements in wound closure and tissue regeneration in the treated rat model, surpassing the outcomes of standard treatments. This controlled healing process, evidenced by superior collagen synthesis and angiogenesis and confirmed by histopathological studies, suggests that A. terreus has potential beyond the traditionally studied fungal metabolites. The metabolite profiling of 27 bioactive compounds was further investigated by docking analysis for the potential inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, which has an important function in inflammation and wound repair. The compounds eurobenzophenone A (7), aspernolide D (16), asperphenalenone A (23), aspergilate D (15), kodaistatin A (18), and versicolactone A (14) showed the highest binding affinity to the target protein with a pose score of -16.86, -14.65, -12.65, -12.45, -12.19, and -12.08 kcal/mol, respectively. Drug-likeness properties were also conducted. The findings suggest the potential wound healing properties of A. terreus as a source for lead therapeutic candidate discovery.

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Extracts in Cosmetics: A Review of Bioactive Properties for Skin and Hair Wellness

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), native to Southern Asia, stands out for its significant nutritional and therapeutic properties. Its adaptability and resilience have enabled its global cultivation, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive scientific research to fully harness its potential. Rich in bioactive compounds like flavonoids, polyphenols, vitamin C, polysaccharides, tannins, and saponins, jujube extracts exhibit notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties. These qualities have made jujube a popular ingredient in various skin and hair care formulations. The versatility of jujube extracts, along with their synergy with other herbal active ingredients, enables the development of targeted personal care solutions. These solutions address a range of concerns, including anti-aging, UV protection, brightening, moisturizing, and calming effects, as well as promoting hair health. Despite its potential, research on the cosmetic applications of Z. jujuba is still in its early stages, with only one clinical trial to date focusing on its skin-brightening effects. This review aims to consolidate the current and emerging research on the applications of jujube in conventional and medical cosmetics, highlighting its potential in enhancing skin and hair wellness. By providing a comprehensive overview, it seeks to pave the way for further studies and innovations in utilizing jujube for personal care.

Property-Wound Healing Relationship of Manuka-, Anzer- and Chestnut-Honey: Characterization, Antibacterial Properties and Cell Culture Applications

Honey is known to be a natural food product with antibacterial and wound-healing properties. Among its different types, some attributed more with medical applications including Manuka honey. In this study, some wound healing-related parameters were systematically investigated on two different types of Turkish honey (Chestnut and Anzer), in comparison with Manuka honey. Chestnut honey had considerable amount of hydrogen peroxide (5 μg/mL) whereas Manuka and Anzer honey did not contain any. Additionally, Chestnut honey had the highest acidity among all tested samples (24.50 meq/kg), as well as higher antioxidant activity (IC50 ; 2.45 mg/ml) than those of Anzer (13.02 mg/ml) and Manuka honey (6.27 mg/ml). It was also demonstrated that Chestnut honey displayed a considerable antimicrobial activity against selected pathogens. On the other hand, in the scratch assay performed as a model for the wound healing process, Anzer honey induced the highest cell proliferation corresponding to almost total wound closure for all concentrations tested. Overall, the results showed that the Turkish Chestnut and Anzer honey samples had distinguished characteristics for wound healing that is comparable to Manuka honey, and therefore are both promising candidates for use in clinical applications.

Experimental study on repairing rat abdominal wall defect with chitosan hydrogel/polypropylene mesh composite

To investigate the improvement effects and mechanisms of composite chitosan (CS) hydrogel on traditional polypropylene (PP) mesh for repairing abdominal wall defects. CS hydrogel was prepared via physical cross-linking and then combined with PP mesh to create a CS hydrogel/PP mesh composite. The internal structure and hydrophilicity of the composite were characterized using macroscopic observation, upright metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscopy, and water contact angle measurements. The performance of the composite (experimental group) in resisting cell adhesion and supporting cell infiltration was assessed through fibroblast (NIH-3T3) infiltration experiments and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) tube formation assays, and simple cells were used as control group. Finally, a bilateral abdominal wall defect model (1.5 cm×1.0 cm) was established in 18 Sprague Dawley rats aged 8-10 weeks, with the composite used on one side (experimental group) and PP mesh on the other side (control group). The effects on promoting wound healing, preventing adhesion, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammation were investigated through macroscopic observation, histological staining (HE and Masson staining), and immunohistochemical staining (CD31, CD68). The composite appeared as a pale yellow, transparent solid with a thickness of 2-3 mm, with the PP mesh securely encapsulated within the hydrogel. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the hydrogel contained interconnected pores measuring 100-300 μm, forming a porous structure. Contact angle measurements indicated that CS hydrogel exhibited good hydrophilicity, while PP mesh was highly hydrophobic. In vitro cell culture experiments showed that DAPI staining indicated fewer positive cells in the experimental group after 1 day of culture, while the cells in control group covered the entire well plate. After 3 days of culture, the cells in experimental group were spherical and displayed uneven fluorescence, suggesting that the material could reduce cell adhesion while supporting cell infiltration. HUVECs tube formation experiments demonstrated an increase in cell numbers in experimental group with a trend towards tube formation, while cells in control group were sparsely distributed and showed no migration. In the rat abdominal wall defect repair experiment, results showed that after 1 week post-surgery, the experimental group had tissue and blood vessels infiltrating, and by 4 weeks, the integrity was well restored with significant regeneration of muscle and blood vessels, while the control group exhibited adhesions and incomplete healing. HE staining results indicated weaker cell infiltration in the experimental group, with cell density significantly higher than that of the control group at 2 and 4 weeks post-surgery ( P<0.05). Masson staining revealed that collagen fibers in the experimental group were arranged neatly, with significantly increased collagen content at 2 weeks post-surgery ( P<0.05), while collagen content was similar in both groups at 4 weeks ( P>0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that CD31-positive cells were evenly distributed between muscle layers in the experimental group, whereas the control group exhibited notable defects. At 2 weeks after operation, the CD31-positive cell ratio was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05); at 2 and 4 weeks after operation, the CD68-positive cell ratio in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05). CS hydrogel has a positive effect on preventing adhesions and promoting wound healing, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties during the healing process. This provides a promising strategy to address challenges related to abdominal adhesions and reconstruction.

Phytochemical, Nutritional and Medicinal Profile of &lt;i&gt;Cucumis sativus&lt;/i&gt; L. (Cucumber)

Current studies were performed to review the phytochemistry, nutritional benefits, medicinal/therapeutic value, and cosmetic importance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Cucumber fruits are an important part of the human diet, often used in salads, pickles, and sauces, due to their nutritious qualities and health benefits. They are a good source of vitamins, minerals, soluble carbohydrates, proteins, etc. The leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, and bark of cucumber are rich in various phytoconstituents, including phenols, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, carotenoids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, phytosterols, phytoestrogens, saponins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, resins, and vitamins. Cucumbers are traditionally used to treat a variety of diseases, including high blood pressure, blood sugar issues, cancer, high cholesterol, kidney stones, constipation, Alzheimer's disease, eczema, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes-related problems. The therapeutic/pharmaceutical value of cucumbers may be attributed to their laxative, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, analgesic, anti-hepatotoxic, anti-diarrheal, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, thrombolytic, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, free radical scavenging, and wound-healing properties. Cucumbers also improve skin quality, promote skin whitening and smoothness, enhance natural beauty, regulate hydration, aid in weight loss, and reduce fat. They are used in cucumber creams, perfumes, face packs, and facials. Cucumber extract is incorporated into several formulations for topical skin treatments. This review article aims to explore the traditional uses, phytochemical contents, nutritional value, cosmetic applications, and pharmacological and therapeutic potential of cucumbers. It will be highly beneficial for a wide range of readers, including the general public, researchers, physicians, farmers, and agricultural stakeholders.

Vanillin and Its Derivatives: A Critical Review of Their Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Infective, Wound-Healing, Neuroprotective, and Anti-Cancer Health-Promoting Benefits

Inflammation and thrombosis are implicated in several non-communicable chronic disorders, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, renal and neurodegenerative disorders, skin diseases, and especially in cancer. Natural bioactives and especially phytochemicals like phenolic compounds have been proposed to reduce the inflammatory burden with several health benefits against these disorders. Vanillin is a phenolic compound found in the seeds of various species of vanilla plants. It has been known since ancient times for its aromatic and soothing properties; however, recent outcomes have outlined several other pleiotropic actions for this phenolic bioactive compound. Within this article, the potent anti-inflammatory activities of vanillin and its derivatives are thoroughly reviewed, with emphasis on their anti-cancer, anti-infective, wound-healing, and neuroprotective health-promoting properties. The mechanisms of their action(s), along with recent outcomes from in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials, on the benefits of these vanillin-based phenolic bioactives against each of these disorders, and especially against specific types of cancer, are also outlined. Limitations and future perspectives of their use solely as bioactive ingredients, as ingredients in several functional products—such as functional foods, supplements, nutraceuticals, or even cosmetics and drugs—and even as adjuvant therapies are also discussed.

Synergistic effect of zinc oxide-cinnamic acid nanoparticles for wound healing management: in vitro and zebrafish model studies

Wound infections resulting from pathogen infiltration pose a significant challenge in healthcare settings and everyday life. When the skin barrier is compromised due to injuries, surgeries, or chronic conditions, pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses can enter the body, leading to infections. These infections can range from mild to severe, causing discomfort, delayed healing, and, in some cases, life-threatening complications. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely recognized for their antimicrobial and wound healing properties, while cinnamic acid is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Based on these properties, the combination of ZnO NPs with cinnamic acid (CA) was hypothesized to have enhanced efficacy in addressing wound infections and promoting healing. This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate the potential of ZnO-CN NPs as a multifunctional agent for wound treatment. ZnO-CN NPs were synthesized and characterized using key techniques to confirm their structure and composition. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of ZnO-CN NPs was evaluated through standard in vitro assays, demonstrating strong free radical scavenging and inhibition of protein denaturation. The antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles was tested against common wound pathogens, revealing effective inhibition at a minimal concentration. A zebrafish wound healing model was employed to assess both the safety and therapeutic efficacy of the nanoparticles, showing no toxicity at tested concentrations and facilitating faster wound closure. Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression was analyzed to understand the role of ZnO-CN NPs in wound healing mechanisms. In conclusion, ZnO-CN NPs demonstrate potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, making them promising candidates for wound treatment. Given their multifunctional properties and non-toxicity at tested concentrations, ZnO-CN NPs hold significant potential as a therapeutic agent for clinical wound management, warranting further investigation in human models.

Conceptual Study on the Effect of Palasha Gudavarti in Post-operative Pain Management of Anorectal Surgeries

Post-operative pain management is a crucial component of recovery, particularly following anorectal surgeries, where pain can significantly hinder healing. The prevalence of postoperative pain after 24 hours of surgery is 55.3%, after 48 hours is 34.7 % and of moderate to severe post-operative pain is 13 % after 24 hours, and 11.7% after 48 hours1 .Ano rectal pathology amenable to ambulatory surgery includes anal fissures, warts, fistulas, hemorrhoids,abscess and small neoplasms. Quick recovery after ano rectal surgery can be successful only with effective post-operative pain control. Acharya Sushruta recommends the use of Yashtimadhu siddha ghritha application over the operated area2 . Additionally , he advocates the application of shoolahara dravyas and vatahara dravyas processed with ghritha to the surgical site for effective pain relief. Planning a cost effective, reliable, time tested and technically simple management is the need of this modem era. The present study explores the possible analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties of Palasha Gudavarti, offering an alternative approach to conventional pain management techniques.

Therapeutic Benefits of &lt;i&gt;Palash&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Butea monosperma&lt;/i&gt;): A Review of its Pharmacological Activities

One of humankind’s first recognized medicinal needs for long-term health is herbs, which form the basis of current medicine. Worldwide, there is a need and desire for nutritious diets with extra benefits. Palash is one such significant plant that can be found in various places. Since ancient times, the Fabaceae family plant known as Palash (Butea monosperma Lamk. Taub.) has been utilized for medicinal purposes. It can be used for festivals and God worships in most of India’s regions. The properties and modes of action of the plant’s bioactive components, which include flavonoids, steroids, and other kinds of phytochemicals, will determine how it could be used. Scientific studies using pharmaceutical preparations have demonstrated the medicinal benefits of traditional plant parts, including leaves, flowers, seeds, bark, roots, and gum. These preparations have been found to possess anti-fungal, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, wound-healing, and diuretic properties, among many other qualities.

Tailoring surgical sutures with chitosan and non-thermal atmospheric plasma: biofunctionalization for antimicrobial efficacy and enhanced wound healing

Surgical sutures serve as medical devices designed to facilitate the closure of wounds by securing opposing tissues. While sutures are an integral part of the surgical healing process, also present favorable surfaces for microbial attachment, increasing surgical site infections (SSIs). In this study, sutures that have antimicrobial and improved wound healing properties are described as novel approaches for minimizing SSIs. The absorbable multifilament suture, poly (glycolic-co-lactic acid) (PGLA), and non-absorbable multifilament suture (silk) are treated with non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) and subsequently coated with chitosan/chitosan nanoparticles (Ch/ChNp). Suture samples are analyzed in terms of antibacterial properties, in vitro bioactivity, wound healing efficiency, mechanical strength, chemical characterization, and surface morphologies. Bacterial adherence of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli on both sutures is inhibited effectively due to the surface modification after plasma treatment. The NTAP treatment results in reduced wound healing for silk sutures without a selective effect on PGLA sutures. However, subsequent coating with Ch/ChNp significantly enhances wound healing for both sutures. Although the maximum tensile strength decreases after NTAP treatment, improves following the Ch/ChNp coating. Our findings indicate that the developed sutures demonstrate notable antimicrobial properties, enhance wound healing, and hold promise as a potential material for suturing applications.

Reusable and non-invasive TiO2-based photodynamic transdermal patch (RPT) for treating MDR-negative bacteria strain and promote wound healing through a synergistic approach of ROS-induced RNS

Wound healing is delayed due to the infection and biofilm formation of antibiotic-resistant species of gram-negative bacteria especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy provides an efficient therapeutic strategy for overcoming drug resistance by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Here, we have designed a low-cost light emitting diode (LED) based reusable and non-invasive titanium dioxide nanoparticles patch which is sandwiched between the thin polymer layers. The light-induced pore formation in the polymeric film due to the free radical, in turn, passes through the system and kills the bacteria rather than nanoparticles entering the system resulting in the reusability nature of the patch. The patch's in vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activity and their mechanism (synergic ROS-induced RNS) were studied. In addition, the reusable antibacterial properties, biocompatibility and wound-healing properties of the patch were also successfully elucidated.