Worse Results Research Articles

Unchanged water stress induces growth retardation, histopathological alterations, and antioxidant-immune disruptions in Oreochromis niloticus: the promising role of dietary organic acids

Legal restrictions and consumer trends are contributing to the growing movement for fish welfare. Therefore, the aquaculture sector is a means of reducing animal stress and enhancing physiological state, which raises financial profits. Feed additives have therefore been suggested as possible dietary stress alleviation. In this trend, a 75-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of three organic acids (formic acid (FA), lactic acid (LA), and commercial organic acids mix (COM)) as dietary additives in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared under a stressful condition (unchanged water). Fish (weighing 3.95 ± 0.05 g) were randomly housed into eight groups (n = 210 fish/group; 70 fish/replicate; 3 replicates/group). The first (negative control) and second (positive control) groups were fed a basal diet without additives and with water exchange at 20% of the water volume every 2 days for the first group and without water exchange for the second. The other six groups (FA1, FA2, LA1, LA2, COM1, and COM2) were fed basal diets supplemented with OAs at two doses (1 and 2%) without water exchange during the trial. The results revealed that fish kept without water exchange (positive control) had the highest level of water-unionized ammonia and nitrite and a marked decline in growth performance (weight gain and specific growth rate). The unchanged water induced substantial decreases in the hematological profile (white and red blood cell count, hemoglobin value, and hematocrit %), protein profile indices (total protein, albumin, and globulin), and antioxidant-immune response (superoxide dismutase, catalase, lysozyme, and total immunoglobulin M). In addition, the biochemical indices (glucose, creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase) and lipid peroxide (malondialdehyde) were substantially increased in the positive control group. In addition to that, marked and severe histopathological alteration in the gills, liver, and intestine including hyperplasia, hemorrhage, and degenerative and necrotic changes that were associated with desquamation and sloughing were obvious in the PC group. Dietary LA1 significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) the overall measured indices; meanwhile, the dietary FA and COM recorded the worst results. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the unchanged water negatively affected the growth and physiological functions of Nile tilapia. Dietary incorporation of organic acids did not protect the fish from these hazards except the LA (1%). The latter can reduce nitrogenous compounds, enhance immune response, and alleviate these alterations for the sustainable aquaculture industry.

Evaluation of sustainable feeds for “caviar” production in the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)

To improve the sustainability of aquaculture practices, a step towards the use of alternative nutrient sources (such as food processing discards) may secure the future of aquaculture sector, namely for emergent species, such as sea urchins. In this context, adult females of the commercial sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus were reared using four feeds based on lettuce discards (72%) and enriched (8%) with an animal-source ingredient (fish Sardina pilchardus, Feed-S; krill Euphausia superba, Feed-K; mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, Feed-M; anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus discards, Feed-AD). A fifth feed, used as control treatment, was composed of macroalgae (Laminaria sp. and Ulva sp., Feed-UL). Feed performance was evaluated employing a new productive protocol, the Raking method, which propose testing feed effects on sea urchin caviar (oocytes rather than gonads) production. Thus, ingestion rates and absorption efficiency were measured to evaluate feed palatability. Somatic growth and caviar production, expressed introducing the ovosomatic index (OI) instead of the traditional gonadosomantic index, were measured to assess feed productive performances. Caviar quality was assessed by nutritional content and color. Ingestion rate results showed that all feeds were palatable, while findings on absorption efficiency showed differences between the five proposed feeds, with Feed-M and Feed-AD presenting the worst results. Somatic growth was promoted regardless the provided feeds, while OI resulted higher with Feed-K and Feed-M than the other feeds. All produced caviar resulted suitable for human consumption with high protein and fatty acid content, but caviar produced by Feed-UL showed the poorest nutritional profile. Similarly, Feed-UL led to the production of caviar with the lowest quality color, while Feed-S showed the best orange color. Lettuce-based feeds were therefore effective for feeding P. lividus as they stimulated production of high quality caviar. Findings support the exploitation of food discards for the production of eco-friendly feeds for sea urchin aquaculture.

Hearing and Balance in Healthy Aging Project: Characterization of Hearing, Balance, and Other Associated Disorders in Three Population Groups Aged 55 and Over

Plain Language SummaryThis study investigates the substantial impact of hearing loss and balance disorders in older people in the context of active aging, with the aim of improving health, participation, and overall well-being. The “hearing and balance in healthy aging” project, a prospective, observational study, includes 710 participants over 55 years of age, classified into groups according to their hearing and balance status. Significant differences between groups reveal disparities in age, gender, education, and occupation. The group with detected and treated cases has the most adverse outcomes in hearing, balance, cognition, and quality of life. These findings underscore the importance of early detection and intervention and present a global view of the consequences of hearing loss and balance disorders on cognitive function, autonomy, and general health in the aging population. However, additional factors should be further explored and follow-up should be expanded as this project has the potential to further contribute to the promotion of healthy aging.

Mid-term health sequelae in Brazilian people recovered from COVID-19 according to gravity

The aims were to identify the symptoms and comorbidities predictive for severe illness and analyse the mild-term health sequelae in Brazilian recovered from COVID-19. Eighty-four participants were divided into mild (n = 16), moderate (n = 51), severe (n = 9) or critical (n = 8) gravity. A standardized assessment included: anamnesis to identify the symptoms and comorbidities; and cardiorespiratory system, body composition, haematological and immunological indicators, and physical fitness to analyze the mild-term health sequelae. Participants with higher gravity presented fever, fatigue and dyspnoea. Diabetes (p = 0.003), hypertension (p &lt; 0.001) and metabolic syndrome (p = 0.010) were the comorbidities significantly associated for severe or critical illness. People with critical gravity reported a significant higher waist/hip ratio and level of visceral fat compared with mild and moderate severity. Severe and critical participants reported worst results in agility and balance test compared with mild (p = 0.015; p = &lt; 0.001, respectively) and moderate (p = 0.014; p = &lt; 0.001, respectively) gravity. Fever, fatigue and dyspnoea; and diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome were the symptoms and comorbidities associated with higher gravity. Mild-term, altered values of body composition, physical functioning, enhanced glucose, reticulocytes, and lymphocytes levels were reported.

Methodology for Determining the Parameters of a Mathematical Model of the Dynamics of the Psychophysiological State of a Metallurgical Equipment Operator

Introduction. Mathematical modelling is effective in the analysis of industrial safety at metallurgical plants, in particular for tracking problems of the man — machine system. To introduce the time factor, recurrence relations (in a discrete model) and differential relations (in a continuous model) are used. However, it is also necessary to solve the problem of linking the model parameters to the real conditions of the production environment and to the human factor.The aim of this study is to create a method for determining the parameters of simulation mathematical models of the dynamics of the operator’s psychophysiological indicators affecting the work.Materials and Methods. The operator’s psychophysiological state (PPS) was assessed by performance, fatigue levels, and error rate. The data were collected by the Digital Correction Task (DCT) test. Based on the obtained results, the experimental values of the operator’s PPS indicators, which were reduced to the normalized scale [0, 1], were calculated. These indicators for a particular respondent, the mathematical model and the developed algorithm were used to determine the numerical values of the model parameters. In order to interpret the indicators of performance, fatigue and error rate, we introduced scales with five gradations.Results. The use of the authors’ modified version of the mathematical model showed a significant improvement in its prognostic properties. Out of 10 participants the best result was shown by respondent no. 7, the worst result was shown by respondent no. 8. During the first working hour (from 9.00 to 10.00) their performance increased almost equally, from 0.5–0.55 to almost 0.6. Then the score of respondent no. 7 increased and remained well above the “good” level until the end of the day. The score of respondent no. 8 dropped and was below average from 14.00 to 15.00. The difference was largely determined by the operators’ chronotypes. Their chronophysiological characteristics also affected fatigue and error rate. The model’s quality varied for different participants in the experiments. In one case it was excellent (mean relative error ≤5%), in three cases it was good (≤10%) and in four it was satisfactory (≤15%).Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed approach allows us to obtain the dynamic profiles of psychophysiological characteristics for every individual, to assess their interrelationships and to perform a prediction on the basis of a modified mathematical model. However, in order to extend the functionality of the models to the real working conditions of the metallurgical plant operator, it is necessary to increase the sample size, reduce the discrete time step and conduct studies for different working conditions, considering technological, climatic, environmental, psychological and other factors.

Infant head and brain segmentation from magnetic resonance images using fusion-based deep learning strategies

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is widely used for assessing infant head and brain development and for diagnosing pathologies. The main goal of this work is the development of a segmentation framework to create patient-specific head and brain anatomical models from MR images for clinical evaluation. The proposed strategy consists of a fusion-based Deep Learning (DL) approach that combines the information of different image sequences within the MR acquisition protocol, including the axial T1w, sagittal T1w, and coronal T1w after contrast. These image sequences are used as input for different fusion encoder–decoder network architectures based on the well-established U-Net framework. Specifically, three different fusion strategies are proposed and evaluated, namely early, intermediate, and late fusion. In the early fusion approach, the images are integrated at the beginning of the encoder–decoder architecture. In the intermediate fusion strategy, each image sequence is processed by an independent encoder, and the resulting feature maps are then jointly processed by a single decoder. In the late fusion method, each image is individually processed by an encoder–decoder, and the resulting feature maps are then combined to generate the final segmentations. A clinical in-house dataset consisting of 19 MR scans was used and divided into training, validation, and testing sets, with 3 MR scans defined as a fixed validation set. For the remaining 16 MR scans, a cross-validation approach was adopted to assess the performance of the methods. The training and testing processes were carried out with a split ratio of 75% for the training set and 25% for the testing set. The results show that the early and intermediate fusion methodologies presented the better performance (Dice coefficient of 97.6 ± 1.5% and 97.3 ± 1.8% for the head and Dice of 94.5 ± 1.7% and 94.8 ± 1.8% for the brain, respectively), whereas the late fusion method generated slightly worst results (Dice of 95.5 ± 4.4% and 93.8 ± 3.1% for the head and brain, respectively). Nevertheless, the volumetric analysis showed that no statistically significant differences were found between the volumes of the models generated by all the segmentation strategies and the ground truths. Overall, the proposed frameworks demonstrate accurate segmentation results and prove to be feasible for anatomical model analysis in clinical practice.

Condiciones trombofilicas y su riesgo en una cohorte latinoamericana de gestantes, estudio observacional descriptivo

Objective: To evaluate thrombophilias associated with venous thromboembolism during pregnancy. Methods: Descriptive observational study. Clinical and laboratory alterations were analyzed, as well as the classification of the related profile of a cohort of Latin American pregnant women with thrombotic events during gestation and up to the 120-day puerperium. Antiphospholipid syndrome antibodies, coagulation protein C, S, antithrombin III, mutations against factor V Leiden, mutations in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, hyperhomocysteinemia, prothrombin mutation, and elevation of factors VIII, IX, and XI were performed. Results: The mean age was 24,5 + 7,6 years, of which 9 patients (10,3%) had a history of thromboembolism, 23 patients (26,4%) had had at least one fetal loss. Elevated antiphosphatidylserine antibodies were found in 23 patients (26,4%), elevated antibodies against beta2-glycoprotein in 20 patients (22,9%), positive lupus anticoagulant in 16 patients (18,3%), elevated factor VIII in 13 patients (14,94%), elevated factor IX in 15 patients (17,2%), elevated factor XI in 12 patients (13,7%), prothrombin mutation in 7 patients (8,07%) and the others to a lesser extent. Conclusions: The results found here point to the high prevalence rate of underdiagnosed thrombophilic disorders in pregnant women. There is still a lack of strong evidence to analyze this relationship with worse results during pregnancy. Keywords: Coagulation, Thrombosis, Gynecology.

Unveiling the efficacy of latex gloves in preventing viral infections during needlestick injuries: An in vitro mixed-methods study

BackgroundGloves are personal protective equipment designed to prevent contamination and reduce the spread of microorganisms. This study aimed to assess in vitro the physical integrity of latex gloves and the retention of biological contamination in healthcare simulation. MethodThree different batches of latex procedure gloves from five different brands and specific batches were evaluated before use for physical integrity by the standard protocols of the Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and of the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Moreover, the retention of biological contamination by latex procedure gloves in needlestick injury simulation with crystal violet and bacteriophages were applied in order to mimic human blood and virus presence. ResultsBrands D and C showed the best and worst results in the immediate inspections and after 2 min, respectively. For Brand C, damage occurred in one finger/region in a total of 12 gloves, while seven gloves were damaged/unable to be worn. Brand D presented only two gloves with tears and/or holes in one finger/region. Regarding the viral contamination, in a simulated needlestick injury, data showed no significant difference among the groups. ConclusionAll glove brands presented physical damage that might affect the spread of microorganisms. The gloves did not exert an additional protective effect during a needlestick injury simulation in accordance with the two techniques used in this study.

Artificial Provoking the Apoptosis of Tumoral Cells as Potential Approach in Healing of Malignant Tumors

As already known, traditional approaches in healing of many kinds of malignant tumors unfortunatelly still gives bad results. Also, our immune system is not able to respond on malignant tumors in an adequate capacity, because they are growing rapidly and they have pretty developed mechanisms in order to avoid our immune response. Potential answer how to accelerate our immune system and make it more responsive to malignant tumors maybe is hidden in an attempt to make tumoral cells infected by viruses. That way viruses would mark tumoral cells and provoke stronger immune response activating apoptosis of tumoral cells as a final effect.

Prediction of elevation points using three different heuristic regression techniques

The aim of this study is to estimate the digital elevation model, which is the most important data of the projects and needed in the engineering project, using latitude and longitude information of the elevation points and three different heuristic regression techniques. As the study area, an area with mid-level elevations, located in the Marmara region, and covering a part of the intersection of Edirne, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ provinces was chosen. In the study, the estimations were investigated for three different sized areas, and these areas are square areas with the dimensions of 1x1 km, 10x10 km and 100x100 km, respectively. A total of 3500 elevation points were used in the study, and this number is constant in all areas, and 60% of these points were used in the testing phase and 40% in the training phase. The models used in the study are M5 model tree (M5-tree), multivariate adaptive regression curves (MARS) and Least Square Support Vector Regression (LSSVR). The results of the models were evaluated according to three different comparison criteria. These, coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used. When the modeling results are examined; M5-Tree regression method gave the best results (1), LSSVR method was better than MARS methods (2), The most successful input data was found in datasets using X and Y coordinates information, and the worst results were found in datasets using X coordinates (3). As the study area increased, the model performance did not improve (4). The least error was obtained in the modeling of 1x1 km area, and the highest R² was obtained from the modeling of 10x10 km area (5). It was concluded that the M5-tree method is a very successful method in elevation modeling.

Hyperspectral Imaging Using a Convolutional Neural Network with Transformer for the Soluble Solid Content and pH Prediction of Cherry Tomatoes.

Cherry tomatoes are cultivated worldwide and favored by consumers of different ages. The soluble solid content (SSC) and pH are two of the most important quality attributes of cherry tomatoes. The rapid and non-destructive measurement of the SSC and pH of cherry tomatoes is of great significance to their production and consumption. In this research, hyperspectral imaging combined with a convolutional neural network with Transformer (CNN-Transformer) was utilized to analyze the SSC and pH of cherry tomatoes. Conventional machine learning and deep learning models were established for the determination of the SSC and pH. The findings demonstrated that CNN-Transformer yielded outstanding results in predicting the SSC, with the coefficient of determination of calibration (R2C), validation (R2V), and prediction (R2P) for the SSC being 0.83, 0.87, and 0.83, respectively. Relatively worse results were obtained for the pH value prediction, with R2C, R2V, and R2P values of 0.74, 0.68, and 0.60, respectively. Furthermore, the visualization of the CNN-Transformer model revealed the wavelength weight distributions, indicating that the 1380-1650 nm range served as the characteristic band for the SSC, while the spectral range at 945-1280 nm was the characteristic band for pH. In conclusion, integrating spectral information features with the attention mechanism of Transformer through a convolutional neural network can enhance the accuracy of predicting the SSC and pH for cherry tomatoes.

Videogames as Interactive Cinema - New Perspectives

The concept of interactive cinema has been explored in depth since the first incipient manifestations of (non-interactive) cinema. If our first attempts at creating interactive experiences out of narrative, linear film objects have been notoriously clunky and awkward, with the birth of videogames new attempts have been made, bringing fresh ideas and possibilities unto the table. Interactive works that include films as objects are common today. However, interactive cinema as a concept appears to have been abandoned.Cinema continues to be largely non interactive, this dimension seemingly relegated to videogames, apps and websites. We consider that some videogames can be considered interactive cinema. The Last of Us is an example that set the trend of mostly linear, narrative games. Other games have explored this model, achieving better and worse results. We propose that these games could be categorized as interactive cinema.In this paper we aim to continue an exploration of this idea - that there can be interesting, elegantly implemented creations we can name interactive cinema - distinguishing them from video games. We analyze two video games in this light, ‘Pentiment and Everything, trying to understand how they relate to, and differ from, classic cinema and the classic video game experience. We will also discuss the exhibition “Mundos Paralelos” (Parallel Worlds), on display at the the 25th edition of the Avanca Film Festival, to understand the cinematic characteristics of the artworks presented. We conclude by proposing that, perhaps, closed categories might not serve us when creating new objects, and that hybridization is beneficial, creative, and should occur.

The Role of Radiotherapy for Meningeal Melanocytomas - A 20 Year Update.

Meningeal melanocytomas are rare tumors of the central nervous system and optimal treatment needs further clarification. This study compared subtotal resection (STR), STR plus radiation therapy (RT), gross total resection (GTR), and GTR+RT to better define the role of postoperative RT. All cases reported in the literature were reviewed. Patients (n=184) with complete data were analyzed for local control (LC) and overall survival (OS). On univariate analysis, GTR (vs. STR) was associated with improved LC (p=0.016). When comparing the treatment regimens, best and worst results were found after GTR+RT and STR alone, respectively (p<0.001). On univariate analysis, GTR resulted in better OS than STR (p=0.041). Moreover, the treatment regimen had a significant impact on OS (p=0.049). On multivariate analyses of LC and OS, extent of resection and treatment regimen were found to be significant factors. After STR, RT significantly improved LC but not OS. After GTR, RT did not significantly improve LC or OS. GTR was significantly superior to STR regarding LC and OS. STR+RT resulted in significantly better LC when compared to STR alone.

Die bayerische Landtagswahl vom 8. Oktober 2023: Votum für Kontinuität der schwarz-orangenen Koalition

The Bavarian election on October 8, 2023, has led to a shift to the right . The Free Voters and the Alternative for Germany (AfD) are the election winners and are once again making significant gains compared to 2018 . The parties of the Berlin coalition are the election los- ers . The Greens, in particular, received fewer votes than five years earlier, but together with the Free Voters and the AfD, they remain relatively equal behind the still dominant Chris- tian Social Union (CSU) . The CSU remains on its lowest result since 1950 and the SPD achieved its worst result in a German western state . The Liberals are punished the hardest, failing to reach the 5%-threshold for the seventh time in ten parliamentary terms . Massive problems such as rising inflation and energy prices, as well as increasingly serious challenges posed by climate change, migration and increasing right-wing populism, are also putting the wealthy state of Bavaria to the test and allowing state-specific issues to take a back seat in the election . The decisive factors for the election result were the general satisfaction with the work of the Prime Minister, the desire for stability and continuity in difficult times, but also a growing concern that the CSU can no longer cope with the growing problems on its own . That is why the citizens voted for the continuation of the black-orange coalition, which was formed only 19 days after the election .

APPLICATION OF TAGUCHI METHOD IN OPTIMIZATION OF THE EXTRACTION PROCEDURE OF SHEET METAL

The process of deep sheet metal drawing is accepted in all industrial branches. This process is, therefore, very important to maintain a certain level of quality. For this reason, measurements and tests must be carried out to determine how much sheet metal deformation occurred after the deep drawing process. For this purpose, an experiment of deep drawing of sheet metal was carried out using the example of kitchen utensils. In addition, the Taguchi method was used in this experiment to test the quality of the obtained kitchenware. In the experiment, three factors were taken with three alternatives that affect the deep drawing of sheet metal, and 27 experiments were used for the Taguchi method. The results of this experiment showed that the best results were achieved by the smallest drawing depth of 65 mm and the worst results were obtained by the drawing thickness of 70 mm. Regarding the thickness of the material, the best results were achieved by the material of 21 mm, and the material of 15 mm achieved the worst results. In addition, an analysis of variance was carried out, which determined the relationship between force and deformation of the material.

Determining knowledge of antimicrobial therapy in senior medical students (results of the KANT-IV project)

Objective. To determine the level of basic knowledge of 5–6-year medical students in the issues of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Materials and Methods. A multicenter questionnaire survey with analysis of results – stage of KANT project (full name of the project – «Physicians’ (Students’) knowledge in antimicrobials usage») conducted in 2020-2023. Results. A total of 277 students in 6 regions of Russia were surveyed. The average level of correct answers for the whole questionnaire amounted to 42.2%, taking into account the extended analysis of sub-items questions #8,9 – 42.6%. The respondents were best able to answer the questionnaire questions about the choice of time interval during which the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy is assessed (average level of completeness of the answer – 90.6%); the choice of the most rational action when diagnosing acute tonsillitis or pharyngitis at the appointment (average level of completeness of the answer – 57.8%); indication of the regimen of different AMD (average level of completeness of the answer – 55.2%). The worst results were recorded when answering the following questions: justification of the situation of prolongation of antimicrobial therapy (AMT) for more than 5-7 days in a patient with positive clinical dynamics in the treatment of outpatient pneumonia (average level of completeness of the answer – 19.5%), indication of AMD of choice in the therapy of various infections (average level of completeness of the answer – 22.9%), prescription of auxiliary drugs to the justified prescription of AMD in the treatment of respiratory tract infections (average level of completeness of the answer – 21.3%). Conclusions. Having researched the results of this study, we can conclude that the level of knowledge of senior medical students in rational antibiotic therapy is quite low. In this regard, according to the authors, it is necessary to allocate an additional number of academic hours in the disciplines of «Pharmacology», «Clinical Pharmacology», specialized therapeutic disciplines, to optimize the educational program, as well as to provide students with modern sources of information that relate to the topic of rational antimicrobial therapy.

Data and Knowledge Organization for Natural Language Processing: Searching and Identifying Better Arrangements of Texts Based on Multimodal Information Architecture

Processing texts of multiple knowledge areas is a hard task. This article presents an Information Science contribution to natural language processing based on artificial neural networks through data arrangement. An extended concept of Information architecture was used, aggregating a multimodal view of organizing data. The Multimodal Information Architecture definition served as foundations for a five-step procedure to design, analyze and transform data used for artificial neural networks training and learning methods, complementing gaps identified by authors focused on Computer Science implementations. The proposal was validated with three datasets formed by texts coming from 16 knowledge areas. Results obtained through the usage of pre-processed data and raw data where compared. In each of the three datasets, the method identified arrangements which led to better and worst results, separating which corpus samples are more susceptible for knowledge extraction.

Determining knowledge of antimicrobial therapy in practitioners (results of the KANT-IV project)

Objective. To determine the level of knowledge of doctors on the rational use of antimicrobial drugs in clinical practice and to compare with data of the previous stage of the study and results obtained from students in a parallel project. Materials and Methods. A multicenter questionnaire survey of practitioners with analysis of results – stage of KANT project (full name of the project – «Physicians’ (Students’) knowledge in antimicrobials usage») conducted in 2020–2023. Results. A total of 336 participants were surveyed in 5 centers (10 Russian regions: Belgorod, Novosibirsk, Rostov, Voronezh, Lipetsk, Sakhalin, Primorsky, Krasnodar, and Krasnoyarsk regions, Republic of Tatarstan). The average level of correct answers (LCA) for the whole questionnaire was 47.5% (taking into account the extended analysis of sub-items questions No. 8 and 9 – 46.8%). Doctors showed the best results in answering questions about the time interval during which the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy is evaluated (LCA – 84.2%); about choosing the most rational action if antimicrobial therapy (AMT) has a positive clinical effect, but requires a long course of therapy (LCA – 72.6%); selection of rational diagnostic/treatment action in the diagnosis of acute tonsillitis or pharyngitis, in a case where etiologic diagnosis is required (LCA – 63.1%). The worst results were recorded in answering to the following questions: indication of the antimicrobial drug of choice in the treatment of various infections (LCA – 29.1%); the choice of auxiliary drugs in addition to the justified appointment of antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of bacterial infections of the respiratory tract for the entire period of the disease or in certain phases (LCA – 26.6% – 35.1%); indication of a combination of antimicrobial drugs that is irrational to prescribe in clinical practice due to a similar mechanism and/or spectrum of activity against pathogens (LCA – 24.4%). Significant differences were found between centers in a number of questions, between physicians in KANT-III and KANT-IV projects (p &lt; 0.001), and between physicians and students in a parallel project (KANT-IV students, LCA – 42.6%, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions. An unsatisfactory level of physicians’ knowledge of AMT and choice of adjuvant agents, as well as appropriateness of antimicrobial combination was found. The authors believe there is a need for making more efforts in areas of increasing physicians’ compliance to clinical recommendations, expertise and quality control of pharmacotherapy, recruitment of clinical pharmacologists; to optimize the educational process in universities, to expand the scope and availability of additional educational programs within the system of continuous education, as well as to train physicians in using modern sources of scientific medical information.

Análise da produtividade na alocação de recursos do FUNDEB no estado do AMAPÁ entre 2010 e 2019

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the productivity in the allocation of resources from the Fund for the Maintenance and Development of Basic Education and the Valorization of Education Professionals from 2010 to 2019 with panel data, through the Malmquist Index, in the 16 municipalities of the state of Amapá, for the 5th year of elementary school. The results showed a significant inequality between the municipalities, however, even so, the Basic Education Development Index scores improved by 31.88% in the ten years analyzed. Productivity from 2010 to 2019 increased by 3.8%. The period of greatest productivity growth was between 2010 and 2011, with 17.1% growth. The period with the worst result was from 2012 to 2013, with a decline of -6.8% in total productivity.

EDUCACIÓN SOSTENIBLE Y SALUD HUMANA EN LA SOCIEDAD: REFLEXIONES SOBRE LA INFLUENCIA DE LA QUÍMICA VERDE POSPANDEMIA

SUSTAINABLE EDUCATION AND HUMAN HEALTH IN SOCIETY: REFLECTIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF GREEN CHEMISTRY POST-PANDEMIC. The objective of this work is to add the serious inconveniences that the pandemic brought with the social difficulties in education and health. Important institutions generated the 2030 Agenda that contains Sustainable Development Goals to be implemented in the period 2016-2030. These 17 objectives have been outlined to encompass the wide range of societal challenges, such as economic and environmental, that influence social communities (family, school). This work will focus on Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 4, respectively, which can only be met if citizens take into their hands the education that plays an important role in having a healthy life. This will consider the teaching and learning of sustainable chemistry in social contexts such as the classroom, the family, the links between students and teachers that cause diseases. The regrouping of students according to the work levels achieved during the crisis or the development of personalized proposals to intensify work processes is valid. This leads to living with decisions that will have good or bad results, which is why each region has different responses to the crisis experienced.