World Theory Research Articles

TWO NURSERY RHYME POEMS FROM A TEXT WORLD THEORY PERSPECTIVE

The analysis of two nursery rhyme poems from the perspective of Text World Theory shows the complexity of discourse structure of the genre that is popularly believed to be young children-oriented. According to P. Werth, J. Gavins, P. Stockwell, text worlds (alternative spelling: text-worlds) are mental constructs/representations that enable the author to create a particular text and readers/listeners, to understand and interpret it. Such worlds greatly depend on the linguistic cues and the context of the text, as well as on one’s general knowledge of the real world and his/her literary experience. In the current study, the discourse of the nursery rhymes Humpty Dumpty Sat on a Wall and Hush Little Baby, Don’t Say a Word is viewed in three aspects: (a) world-building elements that set temporal and spatial parameters, specify enactors and objects that are present in the text-world; function-advancing propositions; relational processes; (b) sub-worlds, or world-switches; (c) modalworlds. In Humpty Dumpty Sat on a Wall, the switch of deictic text-worlds is triggered by the implied change of local parameters and the introduction of new enactors. On the other hand, Hush Little Baby, Don’t Say a Word has a complex structure of consequently interrelated text-worlds. Its initial textworld, unlike that of the first poem, is of the deontic modal type. All the other worlds (except for the last one) are either epistemic or boulomaic modalworlds, both types being realized in the same complex sentences that describe various hypothetical situations in the future and the enactor’s further actions. Each new world consequently evolves from the previous one. This process is ensured by consequent repetition of nouns that denote enactors and/or objects and by parallel constructions that present hypothetical situations and describe the enactor’s possible actions. Thus, the analysis of the two nursery rhyme poems from a Text World Theory perspective has made it possible to establish complex intratextual relations in their discourse; besides, it has shown that the poems are designed so as to facilitate the development of young recipients’ cognitive skills.

Категория отрицания как средство манипулирования читательским вниманием в романе Дж. Хеллера «Поправка-22»: дискурсивный подход

Based on the novel «Catch-22» by J. Heller the study implements a discursively oriented approach to the category of negation, supplemented by the theory of the textual world developed by P. Werth. The purpose of the study is to analyze this category as a sub-world of the textual space of the novel, in the format of which information about current events and the characters’ emotional-volitional state is blocked or redirected in the opposite direction, the reader’s expectations and assumptions about the subsequent unfolding of the narrator’s discourse are refuted. To study the humorous effect produced by negative structures, methods of cognitive poetics are used, which are aimed at identifying how the author’s choice of means of influencing the reader’s imagination determines the semantic structure and holistic interpretation of the text. It is established that the author implements this illocutionary installation as a result of intentional modeling of such processes as: (a) reproduction of two contradictory concepts as compatible entities; (b) manipulation of readers’ knowledge about objective and imaginary reality. It is proved that these processes underlie the coherent perception of the narrative, since the combination of contrasting phenomena on the syntagmatic axis of the text implies deep meanings. It is emphasized that the frequency functioning of the category of negation in «Catch-22» sheds light on the specifics of the author’s vision of the surrounding reality and, as a consequence, the key themes of the novel. By putting this category in the strong position of the text, the author focuses the reader’s attention on the inaction of the characters, their contradictory nature. It is revealed that the inactivity and «non-existence» of the main and secondary actors of the narrative becomes an epistemological principle justifying their behavior in extreme situations. It is concluded that as the narrative structure of the novel text unfolds, the absurdist humorous effect begins to prevail, which is realized in the contrasting juxtaposition of such conflicting frames as prudence and madness. As a result, the reader is confronted with a cognitive illusion, gets such an experience of perception of everyday objectivity, according to which strange, logically absurd and unusual situations become strikingly typical and not surprising.

Presence of Ethical, Aesthetic and Religious Keys in the Creation of Possible Literary Worlds

Literary works have structures that articulate the possible worlds represented in them using ethical, aesthetic, and religious keys -mimeses of these structures in the real effective world- so that the greater or lesser presence of these keys determines whether the work is coherent, plausible, and meaningful for the reader. Literary theories have omitted the study of this section of reality present in the structure of the works and, therefore, in this article we intend to systematise and describe, using the semantic theory of possible worlds, the functioning of these structures in the processes of representation, creation, and reception of a work of fiction. We also provide a proposal for a model of analysis that ratifies the presence of these articulating structures of the fictional world and regulators of the interactions of the possible characters among themselves, with the world they inhabit and with transcendence. With this research we want to confirm the need to include ethical, aesthetic and religious structures within the theory of literature and to offer a rich and fruitful model of analysis.

Growing the green city: A cognitive ecostylistic analysis of Third Isaiah’s Jerusalem (Isaiah 55–66)

AbstractIn the ancient world, cities served as physical and conceptual containers to separate a controlled, orderly area from the chaos outside. The depictions of cities in the Hebrew Bible largely underwrite this paradigm. Third Isaiah’s vision of Jerusalem, however, imagines a space that challenges these engrained ideas of the urban. Conducting a cognitive ecostylistic analysis and drawing on insights from Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Text World Theory, this article examines the green city as imagined by Third Isaiah (Isaiah 56–66). Throughout the vision, the prophet creates a new (text-) world defined by urban and natural world-builders, a blend that unites seemingly paradoxical elements. The utopian character of future Jerusalem is downplayed by its grounding in the real world (both the discourse-world and its near-equivalent, the empty text-world in which the prophecy is uttered). Third Isaiah calls for a view of city space that draws on the known, dissolving existing dichotomies and categories. As such, it invites modern readers to rethink not only the biblical Jerusalem but also urban space and its relationship to nature more generally.

Alexis Wright’s story words and story-worlds out of the shadows: the politics of reading and writing Carpentaria

ABSTRACT Drawing on Alexis Wright’s interviews and essays on the creative writing process, this article gives insight into how the Waanyi novelist conceived Carpentaria (2006) and the philosophy she holds for literature and storytelling. In the first two sections, notions of truth, modal thought, reference, simulation, imagination and reality will be discussed in relation to Lubomír Doležel’s propounded theory of possible worlds. Literary theory, the philosophy of fiction and cognitive literary studies are the three main areas that will be investigated to probe the storytelling dynamics of imagination and reality. In the last section, we will bring to the fore the ways in which novel-writing is for Alexis Wright an exercise in gap-filling, one that brings the silenced details out of the shadows.

REFUTATION OF LAURA MULVEY'S 'MALE GAZE' THEORY IN FILM LITTLE WOMEN (2019)

Film, along with other literary works such as books, poetry and theater, is one of the mediums used in the contemporary day to communicate messages to society. Greta Gerwig adapted the film Little Women (2019) from the novel Little Women (1868) by Louisa May Alcott. This film shows a breakthrough over the prejudice and discrimination towards women in 19th-century cinema. The subject of female gaze has received attention since, up to this point, women have frequently only been shown as passive narrative objects, or even as the principal sexual objects in movies. Analyzing by comparing Laura Mulvey's theory regarding female gaze and male gaze through the phenomena contained in the film Little Women, which narrates the lives of five young women during their adolescent years. The image of women in the film Little Women does not appear as an object but a subject, the characters in the film Little appears strong, ambitious and optimistic. Little Women proves that Mulvey's theory of the patriarchal world is neither permanent nor obligatory.

A conflicted tribe under pressure: A qualitative study of negative workplace behaviour in nursing.

This study explored workplace interactions of Australian nurses in regional acute care hospitals through an examination of nurses' experiences and perceptions of workplace behaviour. This research is informed by Social Worlds Theory and is the qualitative component of an overarching mixed methods sequential explanatory study. Between January and March 2019, data were collected from 13 nursing informants from different occupational levels and roles, who engaged in semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews. Data analysis was guided by Straussian grounded theory to identify the core category and subcategories. Theoretical saturation occurred after 13 interviews. The core category identified is A conflicted tribe under pressure, which is comprised of five interrelated subcategories: Belonging to the tribe; 'It's a living hell'; Zero tolerance-'it's a joke'; Conflicted priorities; Shifting the cultural norm. This study provides valuable insight into the nursing social world and the organizational constraints in which nurses work. Although the inclination for an individual to exhibit negative behaviours cannot be dismissed, this behaviour can either be facilitated or impeded by organizational influences. By considering the nurses' experiences of negative workplace behaviour and identifying the symptoms of a struggling system, nurse leaders can work to find and implement strategies to mitigate negative behaviour and create respectful workplace behaviours. This study involved registered nurse participants and there was no patient or public contribution. Study registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Registration No. ACTRN12618002007213; December 14, 2018).

THE TRIGGER OF CONFLICT. TRIGGER: EXPERIENCE OF CONCEPTUALIZATION AND CATEGORIZATION

The concept of "trigger" in recent decades has become widely used in domestic and world theory and practice of conflict. However, this term has not yet received in-depth scientific reflection and is used arbitrarily. What is a trigger, what are its components, and how is it fundamentally different from other conflict phenomena – causes, conditions, and many other phenomena of a complex conflict system? This article is an attempt to conceptualize and categorize the concept of a trigger in order to further use it for scientific description and analysis in the plane of practical work with conflict.

픽사 애니메이션이 표현한 미국 현대 사회 이념 구성에 관한 연구

The phenomenon origin, process and resolution of the psychological contradiction of the character Joe in the Soul by Pixar was analyzed by Lacanian mirror theory in the study, to express the psychological contradiction of the group of black people who depend on a specific social class. (1) Based on Lacanian theory of the real world (Real), the primitive desires origin of the character Joe was analyzed.(2) Psychological contradictions of the group represented by Joe was studied in accordance with imaginary, which reflects the social malpractice. (3)Result of resolving the psychological contradiction of Joe in Symbolic was studied; Joe became an ideal subject in the 'Ideal American dream' as expressed by Pixar. Therefore, the value and significance of Soul in the portrayal character's psychological field obtained can regurgitation-feed the social reality issues.

What Are Public Libraries For? Culture As a Determinant of Conceptualizations of Public Library Services for Forced Migrants

ABSTRACTPublic libraries offer important services for newcomer populations, including forced migrants. They help facilitate the integration of forced migrants into the host country, increase their levels of trust within new communities, and build social capital. To date, however, the determinants of forced migrant engagement with public library services has been left unexplored. Here the impact of culture on conceptualizations of public library services, and the role of this on the adoption and use of public library services, is investigated using the Theory of information worlds. The analysis is based on data collected in semi‐structured interviews with 30 UK service gatekeepers for forced migrants. Thematic analysis identified three conceptualizations of public library services as: (1) leisure services, that (2) offer information services, (3) as part of a larger system that includes other functions such as immigration and policing. These conceptualizations impact service use and, importantly, non‐use. Further contributions of the work include the proposal that Maslow's (1943) Hierarchy of needs may serve as a moderating variable for the five societal elements of the Theory of information worlds, and practical recommendations for public library staff keen to increase forced migrant engagement with the services that they offer.

Contributors

Other| October 01 2022 Contributors Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1998-) (2022) 115 (2-3): 7–8. https://doi.org/10.5406/23283335.115.2.3.02 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Contributors. Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1998-) 1 October 2022; 115 (2-3): 7–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/23283335.115.2.3.02 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1998-) Search Advanced Search Michael W. Dean holds a BA in Philosophy and the Comparative History of Ideas from the University of Washington and an MA and PhD in History from the University of California, Berkeley. He is currently teaching in the History Department at Seattle University. His research interests include the social and cultural history of Central and Eastern Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in a global context, as well as the history and theories of nationalism, imperialism, and world history.J. T. Murphy received his PhD from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. He served as assistant editor on volumes 17–20 of the Papers of Ulysses S. Grant and taught at Temple College, Bemidji State University, and Indiana University South Bend. He retired as a professor of history in 2021. His research focuses on the American West, the military, and the idea of manliness.Alonzo M. Ward is currently... You do not currently have access to this content.

Pilot-Wave Theory Without Nonlocality

It is generally taken to be established that no local hidden-variable theory is possible. That conclusion applies if our world is a thread, where a thread is a world where particles follow trajectories, as in Pilot-Wave theory. But if our world is taken to be a set of threads locality can be recovered. Our world can be described by a many-threads theory, as defined by Jeffrey Barrett in the opening quote. Particles do not follow trajectories because a particle in our world is a set of elemental particles following different trajectories, each in a thread. The so-called elements of a superposition are construed as subsets in such a way that a particle in our world only has definite position if all its set-theoretic elements are at corresponding positions in each thread. Wave function becomes a three-dimensional density distribution of a particle's subset measures, the stuff of an electron probability cloud. Current Pilot-Wave theory provides a non-relativistic dynamics for the elemental particles, approximated by Many Interacting Worlds theory. EPR-Bell non-locality does not apply because the relevant measurement outcomes in the absolute elsewhere of an observer are always in superposition.

한국과 대만의 고등학교 동아시아사 교과서 비교 분석

In this paper, I analyzed the high school East Asian History Textbooks in Korea and Taiwan. The textbooks used for comparison are East Asian History(2019) published by Chunjae Education Inc., History2(2020) published by Nani Book Enterprise co.(Nani ver.) and the Sanmin Book Co.(Sanmin ver.)BR In terms of narrative, East Asian History focused on the history of Korea, China, and Japan, while History2 arranged not only China, Korea, and Japan but also Vietnam and Southeast Asia. In terms of content, both East Asian History and History2 emphasized the common elements of East Asian Cultural Area. East Asian History and History2(Nani ver.) critically accepted Nishijima’s ‘East Asian World Theory’, but History2(Sanmin ver.) did not. In the description of the modern era, East Asian History emphasized on the Japanese imperialist invasion and the anti-Japanese national movement. History2(Nani ver.) emphasized Vietnam’s anti-imperialist national movement and the development of the East Asian socialist regimes. But History2(Sanmin ver.) emphasized the colonial rule of Japanese imperialism rather than the anti-imperialist national movement.

Bodily involvement in readers’ online book reviews: applying Text World Theory to examine absorption in unprompted reader response

AbstractDavid Miall was, for many scholars, the person welcoming them into the field of empirical literary studies. The research he conducted together with Don Kuiken on the effects of stylistic features on reading, with a central role for (self-modifying) feeling (cf. Miall, David S. & Don Kuiken. 1994. Foregrounding, defamiliarization, and affect: Response to literary stories. Poetics 22(5). 389–407) has been the inspirational foundation for much of the research conducted in this and other fields, such as cognitive poetics. By combining methods from traditional literary reading (such as close reading), with methods more commonly used in psychology (such as experimental designs and self-report questionnaires), he gave new depth to the concept of reader response research (Whiteley, Sara & Patricia Canning. 2017. Reader response research in stylistics.Language and Literature26(2). 71–87), concerning himself with actual readers’ testimonials. In honour of David, this paper will present a close reading, not of a literary text, but of a particular reader testimonial, namely an online book review. By applying a close reading informed by Text World Theory, I attempt to show how the social context in which this review was written influenced the expression of narrative absorption the reader experienced during reading. Consequently, I argue for an expansion not just of the methodological toolbox we use to investigate absorption in online social reading, but for an expansion of the concept of story world absorption itself.

What did Swiss Maoism stand for? The loyalty of the KPS(ML) to Beijing in question

From 1964 to 1989, the KPS(ML) – the sole party officially recognised by Beijing in Switzerland–proved particularly loyal to the CCP guidelines. This article analyses how, in a deeply anti-communist country, this party received support from China and developed its clandestine structure under the scrutiny of the Swiss intelligence service. It also reflects on the anti-imperialist commitment of the KPS(ML) and puts it into perspective with its total rejection of the independence of Tibet, which was a particularly sensitive topic in Switzerland. Finally, it examines how the Swiss Maoists applied the Three Worlds Theory to the Swiss context, by supporting the use of nuclear energy and compulsory military service in order to defend the country against the USSR. This shows that the party was more concerned with following the watchwords of the CCP than with its own consistency.

GOD OF THE GAPS OR THE GOD OF “DESIGN AND DOMINION”? RE‐VISITING NEWTON'S THEOLOGY

AbstractStarting with Gottfried Leibniz, Isaac Newton's theology has often been caricatured as putting forward a “God of the gaps” argument for God's existence and continued involvement in the world. Peter Harrison has pointed out that this characterization of Newton's theology is “not entirely clear.” A closer look at Newton's letters and the drafts to the Opticks reveals that, rather than arguing God's providential ordering and care over the world, he takes these for granted and is reluctant to specify instances of this order and care based on his physical research. He certainly believes in gaps in mechanical causes but is more eager to fill those gaps with nonmechanical natural causes than with God. Further, his system does not exhibit the two most prevalent weaknesses attributed to “God of the gaps” theologies: (1) that by describing God as intervening in natural causes his skill as a designer is maligned and (2) that by describing the physical details of God's involvement in the world one puts too much weight on theories likely to be replaced as science advances. Newton avoids the former weakness because it is only God's masterfulness as designer that he ties in any way to his theories of the physical world. He avoids the latter because he never points to God as the direct cause of any specific physical processes. Newton hoped that his system would cause his readers to marvel not only at God's providence but also at humankind's inability to sufficiently understand it.

Toward a Data-Driven Theory of Narrativity

In this essay, we provide a framework for the empirical testing of narrative theory using the process of machine learning and predictive modeling. Drawing on a collection of over thirteen-thousand passages from an array of different genres, our models suggest that a very small number of features are highly predictive of narrative communication and that these features strongly align with reader judgments. According to our models, narrativity can best be described by what we call the "distant worlds theory," where narrative communication is most strongly identified through the depiction of concretized actions of an agent set at a distance to the teller. These findings raise interesting questions with respect to the deictic and distanciating functions of narration as a cultural practice. Ultimately, we argue that predictive modeling can serve as a valuable tool in the literary critical toolkit to address the problems of theory validation, theory reduction, and theory development. Predictive modeling can help us move past expert opinion as the sole form of validation and gain confidence about the generalizability of our theories about literary behavior in the world.

Administrative Factors as Potential of Growth of Individuals Property Tax Collection

The article assesses possible ways of finding means of increasing individuals property tax collection. It is pointed out that potential growth depends on many factors that world theory and practice have classified depending on the level of income of the population, the stage of ongoing reforms and a combination of different variables, including political, legal, operational, institutional and financial ones. The effectiveness of property taxation in a particular country depends on legislation which determines the tax base and tax rates, as well as four administrative factors influencing tax coverage, assessment, assessment of tax liabilities and collection, which ultimately ensure growth of property tax collection by municipal bodies. This is of practical importance, since it allows evaluating the current property tax system in order to find ways of revenue growth and identify “bottlenecks” in the tax inflow. This evaluation technique should be a tool for conducting tax policy at the municipal level.

Promotion of Cooperation between the Communist Party of China and the Tanzania’s Chama Cha Mapinduzi in the New Era

Abstract Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has put forward new thoughts, new ideas and new measures to guide the Party’s international work. The Communist Party of China (CPC) takes the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative (“一带一路”倡议) as the starting point and the construction of ‘Community with Shared Future for Mankind’ (“人类命运共同体”) as the strategic goal to carry out the party’s diplomacy. At the same time, the proposal for a ‘China-Africa Community with a Shared Future’ (“中非命运共同体”) also puts forward new requirements for Sino-African political party exchanges. As a political party with the longest ruling time in Africa, Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) has a long history of friendly exchanges with the CPC. The long-standing inter-party relations between CPC and CCM is the political guarantee of Sino-Tanzanian friendship as well as an important part of Sino-Africa political party cooperation. Even before the CCM was founded, the CPC has started exchanges with TANU, CCM’s predecessor, after that, relations between CCM and CPC have gone through different stages, with some new contents and features appearing in each stage. From Mao Zedong’s Three Worlds Theory to Deng Xiaoping’s judgment on the theme of ‘Peace and Development’ and then to Xi Jinping’s ‘Community with Shared Future for Mankind’. In 2017, with Xi Jinping’s announcement at the 19th National Congress of the CPC that Socialism with Chinese Characteristics has entered a new era, the CPC’s foreign exchanges has also entered a new era, so has the inter-party exchanges between the CPC and CCM. In view of the fact that the initiator and advocate of world party diplomacy is the CPC, this article will take the perspective of the CPC and the Chinese official narrative to analyze the new tasks and opportunities facing the cooperation between CPC and CCM in the new era, especially in the complicated international context of a world undergoing changes unseen in a century.

Towards a Text-World Approach to Translation and Its Pedagogical Implications

Although it is widely acknowledged that translation is a cognitive process, there is scarcely any study establishing connections between the text and mental representations and giving a systematic and comprehensive explanation for this pivotal yet magical mechanism. Illuminated by Text World Theory, this study proposes a text-world approach to translation studies and addresses its implications for translator training. Translation is regarded as a cognitive communicative process of reproducing texts as worlds. The (in)coherence among text worlds as they are represented in translation provides a legitimate criterion for the evaluation of translation competence. To view translation as a cognitive-linguistic process of text-world construction and presentation may promise a more proactive approach to translator training by encouraging translator trainees to pay special attention to the expansion of their knowledge structures.