World Order Research Articles

Multiple Modernities in Civilizational Perspective: An Assessment of the Global Civilization(s) Initiative

Abstract This paper starts from the supposition that civilization is an important concept for thinking about world order, and one that is increasingly coming back into play in world politics. It opens with a close look at the Global Civilization Initiative (GCI): what does it say, what does it imply, about what is it silent, and what are its policy contexts? It offers the theory of Uneven and Combined Development (UCD) as a way of looking at multiple modernities in terms of civilizational pluralism. This is followed by a historical unfolding of UCD since the early 19th century, showing how it has generated both single and multiple modernities cast in civilizational terms. The penultimate section focuses on the risks and opportunities that a world order of civilizational pluralism would create specifically for China. The conclusions summarize the main points of argument, and set out a more detailed global vision of what the GCI might aim to achieve if played well.

Future of the BRICS and the Role of Russia and China

The rise of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and the severity of the 2008 global financial crisis have sparked a new round of debate about the long-term viability of transatlantic norms, ideas , and institutions that have dominated global governance since its commencement. Many of the bodies and organizations that contribute towards global governance were formed between 1945 and 1980 , and have been dominated by Western actors and an agenda centered on the West. To support the main argument of the author there are various chapters in the book Future of the BRICS and the Role of Russia and China that focus on The Evolution of Brics and the international system, Russia and BRICS, China and BRICS and Russia and China in BRICS: Convergences and Divergences. The strength of this book is that it is based on empirical evidence and it address pertinent questions on BRICS , contemporary international relations and monetary institutions. Most importantly, the book sheds light on the future of BRICS and the international financial system by providing a clear overview of BRICS and Unipolar and Bipolar world order systems.

The Russian-Ukrainian War as an Impetus to the Destabilization of World Business: Reactions of Stock Markets

The conducted analysis identified Ukraine as a significant element of the modern world economic order. Being a part of the world digital economy even without a developed industrial sector and advanced market institutions, Ukraine has been accepted as an integral part of the world economic space. The war unleashed by Russia significantly disrupted its functioning. Under the influence of war, the market's interests have been turned toward the least risky products and significantly higher diversification. The markets have interpreted the Russian-Ukrainian war as real news that has been immediately displayed by stock markets optimal portfolios. The simultaneously provided analysis revealed the separation of social and corporative visions of world order on some even developed markets. Analysing the behavior of Chinese companies on the Russian and other markets revealed that, in modern conditions, the R&D sector could become a real mirror of potential war influence analysis.

The US military policy toward China and Russia under the Biden administration

This article offers a comprehensive study of the policy of deterrence toward China and Russia in the military sphere under the Biden Administration. The US military policy toward China and Russia under the Biden Administration consists in increase regular pressure on Beijing and Moscow. The motivation for this policy is expressed in the following way: authoritarian China and Russia are posing a direct challenge not only to the values, interests, security and well-being of the United States, but also to the free, open, prosperous, and secure world order. According to the Biden administration's opinion only integrated deterrence through military and non-military methods and direct competition with China and Russia can maintain the US leadership in world politics. The methodological basis of the study includes analysis of the doctrinal documents which that regulate foreign and military policy of the US, the method of logical analysis and decision analysis. Despite the difference in ideological preferences and foreign policy attitudes between the Democrats and the Republicans, the foundations of the US military strategy toward China and Russia under Trump have passed into the strategic documents of the Biden administration. The main threats to the US and its allies are once again China and Russia. The US emphasizes that China and Russia are powerful nuclear powers which the US faces simultaneously for the first time in its history. China is rapidly developing its military potential and preparing for a military confrontation with the United States, which makes this country the most dangerous threat to the entire world in the very near future. Russia, which has a smaller range of capabilities compared to China, poses an acute military threat here and right now through special military operation, cyber-attacks, activities in gray zones and the deployment of the latest hypersonic missile systems.

Primakov Readings-2023: modern realities, results and recommendations

The article examines the results and recommendations of the Primakov Readings held on November 27–28, 2023, which are the main scientific and expert forum for international diplomats, economists and lawyers in our country and abroad. They confirmed this reputation in the past year, bringing some clarity to the current state of the international relations environment, the content and nature of the world order, the situation around globalization and other trigger points in the theory and practice of international relations, foreign policy and diplomacy. In particular, in the speeches of the heads of various international structures and organizations, a new assessment was made of the passing era of globalization, the state of the world order and the system of international relations as a whole; a conclusion was made about the inevitability of changing the unipolar world order to a multipolar one, and the main participants in the transformation of the modern world order and those influencing this the process is factual.

Relations between Russia and China in the context of the formation of a new world order

The article examines Russian-Chinese relations in the context of the emergence of a new world order. The author emphasizes that Russia and China consider each other as priority partners, always respect each other’s interests, becoming a model of relations between great powers. The countries maintain close exchanges and contacts at all levels, exchange views on major issues of mutual interest, strengthen mutual trust and develop cooperation in various fi elds. Russia and China have always adhered to the principles of non-alignment with blocs, non-confrontation, and they are not directed against a third party. They develop bilateral relations and cooperation in various fi elds on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefi t, which brings tangible benefi ts to the people of the two countries and also contributes to global development. China and Russia take common positions on most issues on the international agenda and are strengthening cooperation within the UN, SCO, BRICS, APEC, G20 and other multilateral platforms. They cooperate closely on global and regional issues, such as the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue, the situation in Afghanistan and the Iranian nuclear issue. When Russia and China join forces, global multipolarity and democratization of international relations will receive new impetus, which will guarantee global strategic balance and stability. Meetings between the leaders of Russia and China become the compass and anchor of Russian-Chinese relations, laying a solid foundation for deepening bilateral cooperation. Under the strategic leadership of the two heads of state, the Russian-Chinese relations of comprehensive partnership and strategic cooperation will continue to move forward in the new era. The leaders of China and Russia agree that against the backdrop of unprecedented changes taking place today in the system of international relations, Russian-Chinese relations have reached unprecedented heights. The author comes to the conclusion that, in general, Russian-Chinese relations have not only withstood many new challenges, but have also strengthened signifi cantly over the past year.

The Crimean factor in the new world order

The article highlights the importance of the events that took place in Crimea in 2014 and were called the "Crimean Spring". It is noted that historically, civilizationally and ethnically, the population of Crimea is part of the Russian world, and awareness of these facts, in the author's opinion, will serve the interests of establishing in the world Russia's special attractiveness for many peoples who want to ensure their historical survival by following along with our country and not turning into countries of non-traditional civilization orientations.

The Middle East in search for its place under forming conditions of multipolar world order

There are many proofs of changes in different regions of the earth in favor of multipolarity as a new world order and the Middle East is among them. Despite west positions of the USA in the region due to its long time submission of some leading Middle East countries some attempts are observed aiming at easing of this submission especially in sphere of foreign policy and economy, as well, particularly in energy. At some time there is a will of the ruling circles of some countries to remain sitting between two chairs until the global situation is not clear up to avoid risk to the ruling circles destiny and to ensure their survival under current geopolitical turbulent conditions. At the mean time the Middle East with its energy at fi nancial potential quite capable to speed up the process of establishing of the new order in which countries of the Global South are definitely eager and our country as well.

Reflection of Political Struggle in Italy in Documents of Communist International (1919—1923)

The article examines the events that unfolded in Italy between 1919 and 1923. Based on a large number of documents, archival sources, and literature, it explores the fierce struggle between socialists, communists, on one side, and fascists on the other, which culminated in Benito Mussolini’s victory in 1922. The article analyzes the theoretical understanding of fascism as a phenomenon by the communists, as well as the development of methods to combat it, which were reflected in the congresses of the Communist International and the plenums of its Executive Committee from 1919 to 1923. The novelty of the research lies in addressing the issue of confrontation between left and far-right parties after World War I, during the formation of a new world order. The author concludes that the intensification of the struggle between the Communist Party of Italy, the Socialist Party of Italy, and fascism reflected a political crisis in Italian society and an attempt by radical forces to find a way out of it. Fascism, with its idea of a third way representing something between capitalism and socialism, came to power in Italy. The realization of their mistakes ultimately allowed the left parties to unite with all anti-fascist forces in the Resistance movement and defeat Nazism during World War II.

Aligned or non‐aligned: South Africa's response to the war in Ukraine

AbstractThis contribution explores South Africa's position in the war in Ukraine. As a major African player, member of BRICS, the G20, and frequent UN Security Council member, the country is a globally engaged and regionally leading actor. Since the beginning of the conflict, South Africa has declared itself as non‐aligned; however, its close political relations with Russia and disinclination to condemn the invasion have raised the issue of whether the country is only declaratory neutral. Although South Africa is only indirectly affected by the war, it was chiefly involved in the first major peace initiative spearheaded by a select group of African countries. This contribution traces South Africa's official state response to the war, exploring its narrative of the conflict and is interrogating its version of non‐alignment in the context of a transitioning world order.

The future of the world order until 2035 22

The future of the world order until 2035 22

A CALL FOR A NEW INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE PLAYBOOK IN MEDIATING SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION

Every culture is in conflict; conflict is endemic in the process of culture metamorphosis. This paper examines the paradox that conflict is intrinsic to every culture, yet there is little attention to the ‘culture’ norms in resolving that conflict. There are conflicts within cultures and there are conflicts between cultures. The pioneering scholarship on national cultural traits, by original thinkers such as Hofstede and Ting- Toomey in the 1990s, assisted negotiation and dispute resolution and provided a foundation for cultural differentiation. But much has changed in intercultural understanding since then. We are now aware of enormous variations in values, styles, and customs in defined cultures. Today in the 2020’s we are fast becoming a more global interdependent society with high cultural diversity, declining Western power, and rising Asian-led world order in a new era of commercial influence, high-speed digital robotics, and artificial intelligence. We are in an unprecedented global pandemic where cultural norms and expectations are under threat, in individualistic and collectivist cultures. We face existential threats from climate change and environmental catastrophes. We need a new mediator playbook for effective intercultural negotiation and issue resolution.

Brief meaning toolkit: increasing meaning for the Millennial Generation in the workplace in the era of the New World Order

In the post-pandemic era, current geoeconomic and geopolitical changes will have global, regional, and local impacts. Companies must adapt to rapid changes. This condition causes a person to experience disturbances or even be able to adapt and see opportunities in the new world order in the company. The ability to think reflectively that oneself is crucial, understand life, and determine broader goals for life with meaning is important in responding to situations. The millennial generation dominates the workforce in Indonesia, so millennial employees need to have meaning to support the organization's strategic plan in overcoming difficult situations. This service aims to provide interventions to increase meaning in millennial generation employees. The solution method is to provide an understanding of the meaning and a brief meaning toolkit online for millennial employees based on the Meaning toolkit from Mcquaid & Peggy and developed according to Indonesian Culture. Measurements were carried out by pre-test and post-test with The Work and Meaning Inventory (WAMI) instruments. The intervention results showed increased meaning among participants, although not high, with three sub-toolkits in short sessions and through online media. There is the lowest question, which is related to individual goals and organizational goals. The role of the organization is needed in building meaning in the organization. Based on the initial results of this short intervention, the meaning module can be developed into a more complete sub-toolkit and implemented face-to-face for a longer duration.

Nation Building Processes and Bilateral Relations Between China and Türkiye: Comparison of 20th and 21st Centuries

ABSTRACT Given that China and Türkiye are direct successors of former empires, i.e., the Qing and Ottoman Empires, they share common feelings of century-long Western humiliation, constrained maritime space, and unfinished territorial unification in modern times. However, the two countries chose divergent paths of modern national building, which result in their turbulent bilateral relations in the 20th century. While the old structural disagreements are not completely fading away, China and Türkiye have tended to build a more cooperative relations in 21st century as both of them struggle to adapt to the common challenges of neoliberal world order, which leads to more convergences than divergences in their second nation building process. Based on this historical comparison, this paper suggests that the nation building processes and its reflections on foreign affairs are the structural factor in China-Türkiye relations, which defined potential issues of cooperation and division between the two countries in different times.

A theoretical-applied model of interregional integration of productivity of Ukraine and partner countries in the context of formation of a new world order

The article analyzes the current state of the Ukrainian economy in the context of new global realities and offers the posiibility of usage of a theoretical-applied model of interregional integration of productivity of Ukraine and partner countries in the context of formation of a new world order, based on combination of labor; material resources; capital; energy; information; infrastructure; institutions; environmental resources; external factors and internal non-economic factors

Fishing for a New World Order in the Twentieth-Century Indo-Pacific

Abstract This article argues that the territorialization of the ocean was one of the crucial inflection points of the twentieth century, transforming the sovereignty of states and profoundly reshaping their territories. In terms of scale, it is the most planetary of the many remappings that have marked the twentieth century. A close study of the globalization of the Japanese tuna industry serves to illustrate this transition and can help us understand why and how this process evolved. The Japanese Empire was a key actor in the transimperial hotspot of the Indo-Pacific, where multiple empires met and interacted. Transimperial “brokers”—both human migrants and migratory species such as tuna—moved across boundaries and created an open oceanic frontier dependent on shifting ecological conditions. These transimperial entanglements did not end in 1945. Their legacies weighed heavy in the decolonization process that followed the Second World War, with new states seeking to establish their territories at sea as well as on land. Japan’s success in maintaining access to fishing grounds shows how these entanglements transcended the so-called Age of Empires to influence the establishment of a new global order and a new oceanic sovereignty.

GRAMMATICAL COHESION IN THE SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO'S SPEECH ENTITLED "TOWARDS HARMONY AMONG CIVILIZATION"

The purpose of this study was to determine the types of grammatical cohesion used and to analyze how grammatical cohesion is applied "Towards Harmony among Civilizations" published on September 29, 2009 about the new era of world order at Harvard University. This study discusses discourse analysis, especially cohesion analysis. Hassan and Halliday (1976) theories related to literature, discourse, cohesion, and speech were used to obtain the objectives of this study. This research is qualitative research using the observation method. In this study the data obtained by using data collection techniques in the form of documentation. Data collection procedures include searching, selecting, reading, and identifying data. In analyzing, data is collected by reading and grouping them into paragraphs. Cohesion analysis was carried out to determine the type of cohesion contained in the speech text. Arguments are also given to support the comparison between theory and analysis. The researcher found that the types of grammatical cohesion used in speech consisted of references, ellipsis, and conjunctions. Found references (305), found ellipsis (1), and found conjunctions (244). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that in Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's speech, he used the cohesion reference type.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ В УМОВАХ BANI-СВІТУ

Today, rapid changes have become the norm for domestic enterprises. They encourage them to search for new effective management tools and change the management paradigm in general. Under these circumstances, managing the development of an enterprise is an extremely challenging task for managers at all levels of management, as only those enterprises that are able to adapt their management system to new challenges and opportunities to improve performance will be able to survive. The modification of the basic elements of the management process is closely of the fundamental change in the defining parameters of the environment and the formation of new realities of business. The BANI world order requires the management of enterprises to develop new management models that would ensure rapid adaptation to new circumstances. The BANI world is an extremely unstable world order in which changes are chaotic under the influence of global systemic changes, and technology development is occurring at an extremely rapid pace. In order to survive in the BANI world, a business entity needs to adapt and reorient quickly, be flexible and anti-fragile, think non-linearly, and form emotional supports, including developing empathy and emotional intelligence. In this regard, the modern management paradigm should be based on a systemic and situational approach to management and managerial art. The main principles of effective work of a modern manager in the BANI world are: flexibility and adaptability; innovation; risk-orientation; dynamism; efficiency; complexity; stress resistance; care for the interests of society and environmental protection; impartiality of thinking. The most effective tools for ensuring the effective functioning of enterprises in the BANI world order are the Agile-approach, design thinking technology, and value approach. Changing business conditions require modern managers to have not only traditional "hard skills" and "soft skills" but also "meta skills". The main qualities required of a modern manager are adaptability; critical and creative thinking; empathy; high emotional and social intelligence; creativity; ability to build horizontal relationships with employees; and the ability to make informed management decisions in the face of limited information.

The specter of race in global Covid-19 responses: the future is decolonial.

The Covid-19 pandemic reified pre-existing inequalities predicated on anti-Black racism, imperial geographical cartography, and the violent language of biomilitarism. In this reflective essay I deploy tools of historical sociology to underscore the importance of race, racism, racialization, and global responses to pandemics. I considerer the following questions. First, how can world society develop ideas and concepts for the imagination of a post-imperial global health regime? Second, can alternative futures be imagined if the monopolistic control of power, global scientific processes and knowledge regime is framed around a problematic lexicography of a Eurocentric totalizing project of being human? Lastly, if there is a scientific consensus that we need alternative futures, what kinds of knowledge is needed to bring about a post-imperial liberated order? The future of global health regime is a decolonial one predicated on a new biopolitics. I provide four paradigmatic approaches to subvert imperial global health: (i) pivoting ecocide in the imperial global health regime; (ii) abandonment of a Eurocentric conceptualization of racial hierarchy and modernity; (iii) disbanding the commodification of public health; and (iv) organizing a new world order through health reparations.

Office Da'wah Model in Building The Integrity of The State Civil Apparatus at The Ministry of Finance of The Republic of Indonesia

The national goal of the Indonesian nation as stated in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution is to protect the entire Indonesian nation and all Indonesian bloodshed, promote general welfare, educate the nation's life, and participate in implementing world order based on independence, lasting peace, and social justice. In this study, qualitative Descriptive Analysis Methodology is used, which has natural characteristics (natural setting) as a source of direct, descriptive data, process is more important than results, analysis in qualitative research tends to be carried out by inductive analysis and meaning is essential. The office da'wah model involving mental coaching and structured character, DKM activities, capacity building, coaching mentoring counseling, and habituation of behavior in accordance with integrity, contributes positively to building the integrity of civil servants in the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. The office da'wah model has an important role in building the integrity of civil servants in the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. In this study, a high level of approval of activities and components related to office da'wah and building the integrity of civil servants.