Nations World Research Articles

Hubungan inflasi, minyak dunia, dan sektor transportasi dan logistik

In addition to impacting world oil prices, global inflation conditions at the beginning of 2023 also triggered changes in the national inflation rate and tended to have an impact on the transportation and logistics index. This study aims to examine the relationship between national inflation, world oil, and transportation and logistics index. This study finds that neither the rate of return of world oil prices nor the national inflation rate has an insignificant relationship with the transportation and logistics index. These results imply that increases or decreases in world oil prices tend not to be followed by fluctuations in the transportation and logistics index. At the same time, these results also imply that changes in the national inflation rate will not be accompanied by changes in the transportation and logistics index.

To the ontology of war: why warfare but not peaceful negotiations

The article is aimed at a philosophical study of the foundations/causes of war. Its background is a definition of the Russian-Ukrainian full-scale warfare as an irreconcilable existential conflict of the "Russian world" between the "Russian world" and the national world of Ukraine. Methodological specific of the article is reliance on the everydayness of a boundary situation of war to define the cultural world, as well as cultural identity as concepts that get existential meaning. Philosophy potential is used to clarify the key question for today's war discourse about why the parties to the conflict are determined to take military actions, but not to resolve the conflict through peace negotiations. The answer is sought by comparing two ontologies of the world that there are in Habermas' communicative theory of action and Heidegger's fundamental ontology. Each of them provides an alternative concept of understanding and, accordingly, different foundations for its truth theory. This also provides a perspective, firstly, to distinguish two alternative positions of participants in the discourse of war – "internal" one as "being in a culture at war" and another of an "external" observer. Secondly, this distinction helps to explain why war as a conflict of cultural worlds could be considered from different philosophical points of view, namely from the position of the philosophy of communicative action, as well as in the context of existential analysis of being. Examination of the explanatory potential of both approaches is carried out on the basis of a comparison of different concepts of the world, fundamental to each of philosophers. It is done by clarifications of basics of two ontologies of understanding and, accordingly, of their theories of truth. The article indicates that the theory of truth in communicative philosophy is based on the regulative idea of the unity of the objective world. Instead, with reference to examples from Charles Taylor and Jean-Luc Nancy, the author claims that the fundamental ontology can be reinterpreted in terms of the plurality of being-in-common of people in sovereign cultural worlds. Accordingly, the interaction of representatives of different cultural identities under certain political conditions, i.e., official propaganda can turn into a radical disagreement of different existential understandings of the meaning of being, into a war of cultural worlds that cannot be overcome by just negotiations at the level of competent communication. The article ends with an open question about searching for ways to unify the mentioned ontological approaches.

Sustainable Development in Danish Public Libraries

Abstract In 2015, the United Nations adopted a program of principles, Agenda 2030, to create a more sustainable world and better the living conditions for people. In this ambition, culture plays a crucial role. As such, the world goals seem to be an obvious topic for Danish public libraries, but this has not been the case until recently. This study is based on a mixed-method approach including document studies, semi-structured interviews, and participation in a practitioners’ conference. It finds that Danish librarians strive to make the world goals comprehensible and articulate the parent institution as local communicators. Libraries are shown to be correctives to current commercial structures, but apart from this display great variation in how far the various libraries are advanced in their sustainable transformation. The study concludes that public libraries inform citizens about the ambition of the world goals as a starting point for adjustments in the citizens’ actions. Public libraries have ventured into unknown territory, where previous practices do not hold much status. Many library professionals lack this awareness, which is necessary for our understanding of the United Nations world goals as a library policy task.

Obstetrics Changes Caused by Covid-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed on all workers in the Italian, European and World National Health System a rapid adaptation in the management of multiple clinical situations. In the obstetric-gynecological area, the care of mothers and newborns has become difficult and full of challenges. The adaptations necessary to ensure good quality obstetric care have concerned the pregnancy management, the recovery of pregnant patients and their children, the labour time and the breastfeeding and puerperal care. The present paper summarizes the impact of COVID-19 on obstetric habits based on scientific evidence and clinical experience in the context of the rapidly evolving regulations promulgated in Italy.

When policy hits the road: Safe System in Victoria’s policy environment

The Safe System approach has globally become the dominant means to address road trauma, with bodies such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, European Union, World Bank, World Health Organization, National and State Australian Governments and the United Nations encouraging its uptake. However, whilst there has been significant growth in its application, limited attention has been paid to the extent to which Safe System is integrated into public policy. Anecdotally, as an early adopter of the Safe System approach, Victoria’s experience acts an instructive case for other jurisdictions applying the concept to policy. Using an interpretive qualitative case study approach, this study explored whether a) Safe System has influenced Victoria’s road safety policy development to date, and b) if the extent to which Safe System has been integrated into public policy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Victoria’s strategic, government-based, road safety decision-makers. Interviews were structured around the World Health Organization’s Policy Development Process framework.The results indicate that Safe System has an implicit role in Victoria’s road safety policy. When viewed through the lens of a policy integration framework, the analysis found only partial integration of the Safe System concept within road safety policy in Victoria, with limited flow-on effects of the framework on the policy frame, subsystems, goals and instruments. Governance frameworks, management structures and policy objectives are all influenced by Safe System, with the road safety problem having clearly been established as a cross-cutting issue. However, additional refinement of policy instruments to articulate the role of Safe System as well actively employing the approach in the policy development process is required. These findings confirm that while Victoria’s use of Safe System is noteworthy, it may be beneficial for the framework to feature more prominently in policy for it to have the intended effect on road safety.

Explore ALK: Alectinib activity in patients with ALK+ metastatic non-small cell lung cancer—A national real world analysis (GFPC 03-2019).

9092 Background: Alectinib is a standard of care option in advanced ALK-rearranged (ALK+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts), with efficacy established by phase 3 trials, in first-line and beyond. There are few efficacy data in unselected populations. Methods: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of alectinib in real-world setting. All ALK+ advanced NSCLC pts initiating alectinib, between December 13, 2017 (date of access in France) and June 27, 2020, whatever the line, were included in explore ALK study. Patient characteristics, alectinib duration of treatment (DOT), progression-free survival assessed locally (rwPFS), overall survival (OS) according to the prescription line of alectinib, the presence of brain metastases at alectinib initiation, response rate and tolerance were collected from the medical files. Results: The analysis included 223 pts: 46.2% were men, 84.7% had no smoking history or were former smokers, median age was 59 (22-101) years and 95% were adenocarcinomas. Alectinib was initiated as first-line treatment in 119 pts, with a PS of 0/1/>1 in 42%/31%/27% of cases, a median number of metastatic sites of 2 (cerebral, hepatic, bone in 33%, 24% and 32% of cases). In first-line setting, after a median follow-up of 33.7 months (95%CI, 32.2-37.5), the median of rwPFS and DOT were 28.1 (95%CI, 20.7-40.4) and 26.9 (95%CI, 20.2-31.3) months, respectively. The median OS was not reach (NR), the 3-year OS rate was 72.1%. The rwPFS was not significantly different depending on whether or not the patient has brain metastases, 28.1 (95% CI, 14.5-NR) and 30.5 (85% CI, 18.9-40.4) months, respectively. The best response was complete (CR), partial (PR) and stable (SD) in 21%, 58% and 17%. The cerebral response, evaluable in 30/39 of the pts, was CR, PR and SD in 26%, 46% and 23% respectively; 33% of pts had a grade 3 adverse event, resulting in a temporary interruption of treatment in 7.6% of cases and a permanent discontinuation in 5.9% of cases. At the time of progression, 48.1% of pts had a new biopsy (66% of tissue biopsy). Efficacy data for alectinib prescribed as second line and above are summarized in the table. Conclusions: In this large real-world, cohort of unselected advanced ALK+ NSCLC pts, alectinib initiated in 1st-line or beyond provides similar efficacy and safety results as obtained in phase III clinical trials. [Table: see text]

Measuring Resilience in Smart Infrastructures: A Comprehensive Review of Metrics and Methods

In today’s world, the safety, economic prosperity, and social well-being of nations depend heavily on highly interconnected critical infrastructures. These infrastructures encompass power networks, natural gas systems, communication networks, water treatment facilities, and transportation systems. Gaining insight into the behavior of these infrastructures, particularly during stress or attacks, has become crucial for both the private and public sectors. Ensuring an adequate level of functionality during emergencies, such as disasters, is also a priority, which can be attained by enhancing infrastructure resilience. Resilience metrics and models play a significant role in understanding the complex interplay between the behaviors and operational characteristics of interdependent critical infrastructures. Additionally, these models and metrics must demonstrate the interdependencies among infrastructures to provide a more comprehensive representation of infrastructure resilience. This paper reviews, categorizes, and presents resilience metrics and models for Smart Interdependent Critical Infrastructures (Smart ICIs). This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of various resilience models and measurements tailored specifically for interdependent critical smart infrastructures. It includes the essential terminology and definitions related to the resilience of Smart ICIs, investigates the universally recognized phases and capabilities of resilience, and examines the various types of failures that could potentially affect Smart ICIs.

Enhancing Highway Functional Classifications with Road User Demands

Highway functional classifications (FCs) were first created in the Federal-Aid Act of 1921. The purpose of FC of highways is to ensure that national and state highway systems provide both mobility and accessibility for the public. The system created has worked reasonably well over the course of the last 100 years. But problems are occurring and it is time to consider new ways to implement road classification systems. The 1921 legislation established a national system of highways which included a federal aid and primary system for the United States. The national system has greatly enhanced users’ ability to travel long distances by land and to move products from the factory and farm to customers throughout the U.S. much more quickly and cheaply than before. But times have changed and economic growth is being threatened by delays in adding to, improving, and modifying the 3.5 million mi highway network. Both urban and rural daily traffic delays are common. Modification and changing FC of roads take years to finalize. Progress must be improved for continued national transportation success, local growth, and world competitiveness. But even with the willingness to make enhancements in how FCs are managed and modernized, the question is, can the U.S. continue its national economic success? This article will describe two recommendations that if implemented will ensure continued transportation growth and success while taking into account the needs of users at all road levels.

NIGERIA ECONOMIC GROWTH AND CAPITAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT: DOES CONTRIBUTORY PENSION SCHEME MATTER?

Whether the contributory pension scheme (CPS) has addressed the shortage of capital for investments, the challenge of full compliance with the system and the shortage of investment outlets spurred the interest to investigate the impact of the CPS on capital market development and economic growth from 2005 to 2021. Secondary data was adopted for this study, and the data were extracted from the National Pension Commission and world development indicators. The study employed the auto-regressive distribution lag (ARDL) model as an estimation technique. The empirical results show that among the proxies for gross domestic product, total pension fund asset (TPFA) was significant in both the short and long run, which showed that a 1% increase in TPFA would produce a 0.0028% increase in the GDP. Also, among the proxies for capital market development, total pension fund asset (TPFA) was significant in both the short and long run, which showed that a 1% increase in TPFA would produce a 0.024% increase in capital market development. Based on these findings, the study concluded that CPS influenced capital market development and economic growth. Consequently, this study recommended, among others, that the NPC should continue to partner with relevant stakeholders such as pension fund administrators and custodians by making its investment regulations more flexible and encouraging increased pension fund investments.

Redefining International Collaborations During the Pre- and Post-Pandemic World National Association for Kinesiology in Higher Education 57th Amy Morris Homans Commemorative Lecture 2023

ABSTRACT The author discusses the potential impacts of international collaboration on learning, teaching, scholarship, and overall career. As a by-product and beneficiary of international collaborations, she recounted her journey, starting from playing sports in a village in Kenya to being a physical education teacher in Kenya and a kinesiology professor in higher education in the United States of America. She described how international education provided her with lifelong transformative experiences that continue to shape her international activities. Examples of international collaborative activities during the pre- and post-pandemic World are described. Although the Covid pandemic greatly impacted international collaborations across the spectrum, collaborative and innovative strategies continue to sustain them.

Contributors

Contributors

Review: Engaging Museums: Rhetorical Education and Social Justice, by Lauren E. Obermark

Book Review| May 01 2023 Review: Engaging Museums: Rhetorical Education and Social Justice, by Lauren E. Obermark Engaging Museums: Rhetorical Education and Social Justice by Lauren E. Obermark. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2022. 196 pp.; paperback, $40.00. Rachel Vogt Rachel Vogt The Columbus Museum Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The Public Historian (2023) 45 (2): 146–147. https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2023.45.2.146 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Rachel Vogt; Review: Engaging Museums: Rhetorical Education and Social Justice, by Lauren E. Obermark. The Public Historian 1 May 2023; 45 (2): 146–147. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2023.45.2.146 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Public Historian Search In Engaging Museums: Rhetorical Education and Social Justice, Lauren E. Obermark seeks to improve public rhetoric education in the United States, as well as argue for its renewed relevance in an increasingly divisive society. Museums, she posits, can offer models and methods to revise and modernize rhetorical education by challenging the very definition of where and how rhetoric is practiced. To explore this assertion, Obermark undertakes three rhetorical case studies at three sites of public history: the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center (Cincinnati, OH), the National World War I Museum (Kansas City, MO), and the Oklahoma City National Memorial Museum (Oklahoma City, OK). At each site, Obermark asks how museum pedagogy and practice can move rhetorical education forward to a place of greater equity, ultimately arguing that the needed improvement “can come from the centering of social justice” (6). By focusing on these lesser known, albeit national, museums, Obermark... You do not currently have access to this content.

The Role Of Financial Factor On The Financial Behaviour Of Small And Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

Small, and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an essential role in economic growth and development in Indonesia. SMEs are an integral part of the national business world, which has a strategic position, potential, and role in realizing national development goals. So to achieve the above objectives, it is necessary to have SMEs that can survive in various conditions. Good management is needed to manage these SMEs, one of which is the financial behavior of SMEs because financial behavior is an individual's perception of controlling the source of funds (money). So, good financial behavior needs to be owned by SMEs to maintain the continuity of their business. This study aims to analyze the role of financial factors that can influence the financial behavior of SMEs. The financial factors used in this study are Financial Literacy, Financial Attitude, and Locus of Control. This study used 150 SMEs at religious tourism sites in Gresik City. The results of the study show that all financial factors can be factors that can have an impact on the financial behavior of SMEs

From Pre-Pandemic to Post-Pandemic Struggles to Meet Sustainable Development Goals

The need to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is universal for all high-, middle-, and low-income nations, but the momentum was disrupted by COVID-19. Tourism is an important sector to address SDGs where the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) emphasizes the positive role tourism could play toward meeting those goals. This paper is conceptually grounded within the scope of the SDGs and uses a case study approach. It uses the case of Nepal, a developing country, to demonstrate the struggles of developing nations to meet SDGs within the context of the pandemic. Based on the literature and available secondary data, similar cases are discussed to establish relevance for global contexts by reflecting how other developing nations with troubled tourism ecosystems due to the pandemic will negatively impact the movement on meeting SDGs. Further, future directions are proposed to gain momentum toward responding to the SDGs. Indeed, developing nations will struggle more than others, as the priority has been to deal with the COVID-19 impacts with limited available resources.

Heavy Metal Assessment of Borehole Water Use in Oil Refinery Host Communities

The research was carried out to assess heavy metal presence in borehole water used in eleme Port Harcourt Refinery host communities in Rivers State. The physicochemical parameters determined include: Temperature, pH, turbidity, alkalinity, and total dissolved solid (TDS) using conventional equipment and standard laboratory procedures, also the concentration of of Pb, Hg, Fe, CD, SO4, SO3, CO3 and Cl-, were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer(AAS), bacterial analysis were carried out and characterized using standard methods. The results showed that physical parameters such as pH, temperature and turbidity in some communities did not show any reason for concern. The chemical parameters measured are within the World Health Organi-sation (WHO) and National Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) standard except for cadmium which show a very high concentration with the range of 0.13-0.48mg/l as compared to approved 0.003mg/lof World Health Organisation and 0.05mg/l of National standard for Drinking Water Quality respectively. Also, the concentration of iron (Fe) was very high in all the communi-ties sampled with the range of 0.19 -0.44mg/l as compared to approved 0.3mg/l of WHO and NSDWQ. The concentration of of Cadmium (Cd)detected was very high compared to the ap-proved standard of World Health Organisation and National Standard for Drinking Water Quality as it ranges from 0.00-0.4750mg/l. The presence of Cadmium may be due to the leaching of petro-leum and hydrocarbon compounds in the sampled area. Intervention of Government and Non- governmental Organisation is highly recommended.

Human Capital Development and Industrial Sector Performance in Pre And Post Covid-19 Era: The Australian Experience

The importance of the ravaging pandemic on human development and industrial sector performance cannot be overemphasized. This is because an improved and quality industrial output is a function of quality human resources. This study explicitly examined the effects of the ravaging pandemic on human development and industrial sector performance in Australia during pre and post COVID-19 era. Human development was measured with the Human Development Index (HDI), Inequality Adjusted HDI (IHDI), Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) and the Gender Development Index (GDI) while the Earnings before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) and the Industry Value Added (IVA) were used to capture the trend in Australia’s industrial sector performance during pre and post COVID-19 era. Data were sourced from Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), the United Nations Development (UNDP) Report and World Bank indicators. The study findings revealed, amongst others, that human quality was better off before the pandemic than after it and this was explicitly reflected in the country’s industrial output, as a better performance was recorded before the pandemic than after it. Australia, like China, needs more aggressive net zero CO2 emission policies including those relating human development to industrial output. Aggressive export diversification would help her economy recover faster from the adverse effects of the ravaging pandemic through effective and efficient utilization of her renewable energy sources.

Road Accidents in India: Looking Through the Behavioral Lens

While connecting people and their lives, roads also have a cost on them. It is clear that one of the major causes of death worldwide is traffic-related fatalities. In 2016, 1.35 million persons worldwide lost their lives in traffic accidents, 90% of which occurred in poorer nations (World Health Organization, 2018). One of the top causes of death for children between the ages of 5 and 29 is traffic-related injuries. More people lose their lives as a result of automobile accidents than from diarrheal illnesses or tuberculosis. The government has made a lot of efforts and implemented many mitigation techniques both locally and globally, but infrastructure, enforcement, and behavioural understanding of road safety are still lacking. The 50% reduction in the number of traffic accidents outlined in Sustainable Development Goal 3.6 is far from adequate. So, this study aims to provide an overview of road accidents at the global and national levels as well as behavioural attributions and changes in people's behaviour for road safety. Key words: Road accidents; behavioural intervention; road safety; traffic accidents; SDG2030

Multivariate analysis of heavy metals in pharmaceutical wastewaters of National Industrial Zone, Rawat, Pakistan

Water is the basic necessity of life, and its quality affects biological processes. Anthropogenic activities increase concentration of harmful pollutants like heavy metals in the environment. The current study is the first attempt for the assessment of heavy metals in the wastewaters released from pharmaceutical industries of the National Industrial Zone, Rawat, Pakistan. The metal concentrations depicted the following trend: Fe » Zn > Ni > Pb > Mn > Cr6+ > Cd > Cu. Mn, Cu and Zn were recorded within the maximum permissible limits of Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards (Pak-NEQS) and World Health Organization (WHO) in all the pharmaceutical wastewater samples; but Cd, Pb, Fe, Cr6+ and Ni surpassed one or both the admissible limits which can be the potential threat to the underground water resources, aquatic life and human health. The highest concentration was detected for Fe (10.86 ± 0.01 mg.L−1) in the wastewater sample of MB-12, which was much higher than the maximum NEQS limit of 2 mg.L−1. Maximum significant correlations were observed for Cr with various water quality parameters, including dissolved oxygen, phosphates, salinity and Cu during Pearson's correlation analysis. Multivariate techniques including cluster analysis and principal factor analysis were used to extract the latent information from the data set to assess the water quality. Three principal factors were extracted during factor analysis containing high positive factor loadings of Cd, Fe; Cu, Mn; and Pb in the principal factors 1, 2 and 3 respectively, indicating the contribution of the anthropogenic and industrial operations in the water contamination due to the discharge of improperly treated or untreated pharmaceutical wastewater. Cluster analysis based dendrogram resulted in the formation of single cluster containing reverse osmosis treated wastewater samples along with the untreated wastewaters which strongly recommends the need to adopt wastewater treatment methods with efficient processes for proper discharge of their pharmaceutical effluents into fresh waters, thus reducing the potential ecological hazards.

Determinants of Indonesian Capital Market Reaction

Several research results in the Indonesian Capital Market have found a market anomaly phenomenon caused by the market reacting to internal and external information. This study aims to examine whether companyspecific factors (company size, growth, and risk), national macroeconomic factors (Inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates on a national scale), and world macroeconomic factors (market returns, Inflation, interest rates, and world-scale exchange rates) ) may cause the Indonesian Capital Market to react. The form of this research is associative descriptive with a population of all companies indexed by LQ45, totaling 45 companies. According to purposive sampling, the sample used is 22 companies, and data analysis using panel data regression with the help of software Eviews 12. The study's results found that only national interest rates and world inflation could cause the Indonesian Capital Market to react. In contrast, size, growth, risk, national Inflation, world returns, world interest rates, and world exchange rates did not cause the Indonesian Capital Market to react.

A Comparative Study on Urban Governance in a Global City Phenomena Using Paradigm Analysis and Urban Development Principles

The Global City is a new paradigm in the development of cities in the globalization era. World cities are world cities that lead to the circulation of capital and information, and are only focused on cities in the northern regions of the world, so that the nature of urban development is more focused on macroeconomic expansion which is space to encourage everyone to make transactions in the open market. This global city offers a space for economic reflection, that the economy itself does not occur only in one region but covers the world region, where there is no subordinate relationship between first world cities and third world cities because it offers the interdependence of urban development, as already mentioned and proposed in the concept of the global city. Mumbai's growth into a Mega City is due to the booming population density which makes the area more crowded and looks slum by tourists. Mumbai itself, as the heart of India's economy, must improve to make it look clean and tidy. The traffic jams that occur can make city life stop. One of the cities in India which is considered as the largest slum area in Southeast Asia because of the weak electricity and limited water network. Cities that actually function in the national economy as collectors and redistribution of economic cycles, now have to face other cities around the world to compete with each other to achieve a massive economy for the economic development of the city. The implication that arises then is that cities no longer have to be oriented to the local or national world, but also to be oriented to the global.