Labor World Research Articles

Perspectives on child labor in the Arab World and Lebanon!

Perspectives on child labor in the Arab World and Lebanon!

COMPETENCE-BASED APPROACH TO THE TRAINING OF ENGLISH PHILOLOGY BACHELORS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE

The article examines the preparation of bachelors of English philology in higher education institutions of Ukraine based on the competence approach. A competence approach to the professional training of future specialists deepens the practical orientation of education, emphasizes the role of experience, the ability to practically implement knowledge, establishing the subordination of knowledge to skills and emphasizes the results of education, considering them not as the sum of learned information, but the ability of a person to solve life and professional tasks, to act in various problem situations. It is focused the attention on the content of the Standard of Higher Education of Ukraine in the field of knowledge 03 "Humanities" in the specialty 035 "Philology", analytical competences of future philology bachelors (integral, general, special), which are components of their professional competence. The developed general and professional competences will contribute to the introduction of qualitative changes to the training system of the student philologists. On the example of the educational and professional program of Kyiv National Linguistic University (bachelor's degree in specialty 035 "Philology" field of knowledge 03 "Humanities" with specialization 035.041 – German languages and literature (including translation), the first – English) the content of the competence paradigm of bachelor's training is specified, the terms of training are determined, the competences are clarified according to the specialization, the content of the educational components that allow students to achieve the program results are outlined.
 A conclusion was made about the importance of preparing a bachelor in English philology in the modern conditions of the globalization and integration character of the development of the educational field, precisely on the basis of the competence approach, which gives the specialists the opportunity to realize themselves in the future professional field not only in Ukraine, but also on the European and world labor markets.

Rethinking Slavery's Abolition in Ceará Through an Engagement with maritime Marronage

In late January 1881, a group of anti-slavery raftsmen blockaded the port of Fortaleza to slave traders declaring that enslaved persons would no longer be shipped to Brazil’s southern plantations out of Ceará’s northeastern harbor. The blockade was a decisive moment in the rising abolitionist movement in Brazil and culminated in slavery’s abolition in Ceará in 1884, four years before the national prohibition of the institution. Traditional narratives on slavery’s abolition in Ceará emphasize the development of a middle-class led, radical abolitionist movement in the province while lionizing the role played by Francisco José do Nascimento, a free man of color, in leading the raftsmen’s charge against human trafficking. Recent research on the raftsmen’s blockade highlights the role played by the formerly enslaved man José Luiz Napoleão in the anti-slavery strike. This article revisits the 1881 anti-slavery strike and places it in the context of maritime marronage in nineteenth century Brazil. By probing the long tradition of fugitive slaves using their access to the sea and their skills as sailors and boatmen to escape slavery and relocate from one province to another, this article demonstrates that the world of maritime labor provided opportunities and challenges for slave resistance, and fugitive mariners created a culture of contesting the geography of slavery in Brazil.

INNOVATIVE DIRECTIONS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL LABOR MARKET IN GLOBALIZATION

The article analyzes the economic essence of the world labor market in the conditions of globalization. The world labor market is a complex economic system that is modified under the influence of the dynamics of demand and supply of labor resources in the world market; under the influence of the peculiarities of the formation of the price of labor, the formation of conditions and the amount of remuneration, the specifics of social protection; quantitative and qualitative movement and placement of labor in different countries of the world; differences in national approaches to the reproduction of the workforce, its professional training and retraining. In the conditions of globalization, national labor markets are quickly losing their closedness and isolation, becoming components of the world labor market. The strategic priorities of the development of the world labor market are formed under the influence of the multidirectional action of a number of factors: globalization and the openness of the national economy, structural and innovative shifts in the world economy, as a result of the intensification of labor migration and the strengthening of the role of international organizations as coordinators of the development of international economic relations. The main benefits of labor migration go to recipient countries. It is not easy to estimate the scale, because not all of them are quantifiable. They consist of savings on the training of specialists in host countries, the cost of products and services created by immigrants in the host country, and income from taxation. Immigrants, especially illegal immigrants, contribute more to the country's income than they receive from the public sector. International labor migration is becoming more and more global in nature. Today it covers the absolute majority of countries in the world. The main directions of modern migration processes are the North and South American region, the Western European market, Southeast and Western Asia, and the African section of migration movements. That is why these processes require regulation by the states participating in the exchange labor resources, and balanced international migration policy.

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TEACHING THE GENRE OF SCIENCE FICTION IN INSTITUTIONS OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KURT VONNEGUT’S NOVEL «CAT’S CRADLE»)

This article is devoted to the role of the cultural aspect in literary education. The necessity to create a comprehensive system of studying the science fiction genre of the 20th century (on the example of Kurt Vonnegut’s «Cat’s Cradle») at the final stage of school literary education has been identified and substantiated. At the center of the concept of modern literary education and upbringing are the personality of the student, his desire to understand the whole picture of the world, mastering culture as the experience of previous generations, involvement in spiritual heritage. To the extent that the student-reader learns the experience passed on by previous generations, to the extent that he will be able to navigate the constantly changing conditions of life, realize his own responsibility to the future generation. The cultural illiteracy of high school students, the loss of connection with the spiritual culture of their people and humanity in general speak of the need to educate a «person of culture» in a modern school. In this regard, an important role in the formation of emotional perception and understanding of various facts of the culture of both their own and other nations is played by lexicographers and the literature classes conducted by them, aimed at studying literary works against the background of a broad cultural context. Involvement in the historical-literary process will help students to see patterns in the development of foreign culture and literature in particular. An important point is the culturalization of education, which is aimed at globalization in the field of culture and education, associated with increasing interest in the problems of the cultural identity of peoples. Globalization in education is a single world cultural and educational space, a single world labor market and educational services. The cultural aspect of education determines the composition and hierarchy of values, the system- creating element of which is the student’s personality as the main value. There is no doubt that the implementation of the cultural aspect of teaching literature at school contributes to the effective entry of students into the context of culture, forms in them a system of key value ideas about the world and man, which become worldview guidelines. The cultural aspect makes it possible to overcome the stereotypes accumulated in the perception and analysis of both foreign literature (works in the light of the cultural aspect of the study return with new facets and open new meanings) and foreign culture as a whole. Undoubtedly, the cultural aspect allows one to consider the work of art in three planes: a generalized model of the world, national and cultural specificity, the author’s own model of the world and man, where his philosophical, religious, moral and aesthetic views are presented. Implementation of the cultural aspect in education is possible in the process of development of the value-meaning sphere of the individual.

Проблема распределения доходов между трудом и капиталом

The work is devoted to an attempt to quantify the trends in the distribution of income between labor and capital in the modern world. The work used UN data on a set of European countries, countries of the post-Soviet space, Israel, Canada, the USA and Turkey. To assess trends in the distribution of income between labor and capital, linear econometric models built for the dependence of the share of the labor force in GDP on the per capita GDP for each year from 2007 to 2019. The results of modeling the de-pendence of the share of the labor force in GDP on the value of per capita GDP made it possible to establish that the level of explaining the share of the labor force in GDP by the value of per capita GDP is small does not exceed 30%. The relationship between the share of the labor force in GDP and the value of per capita GDP is weakening, the im-pact of per capita GDP on the share of wages in GDP in the modern world is declining obliquely and it can expected that in the short term this influence will cease to be signif-icant.

Companies providing tourism services a social entrepreneurship project

The external tourism operating agencies that provide services to Tecnológico Espíritu Santo hinder, impede or delay the touristeducational development of the students of the Institution, for this reason we present the proposal for the creation of a tourism operating agency for the educational sector that provides tourist services to Tecnológico Universitario Espíritu Santo, regulated by the pertinent entities of the Institution for its operative functioning, carrying out the creation, promotion and commercialization of varied tourist packages that allow the insertion of the students and professors of the career for interaction and learning towards the challenge of the labor world, therefore it is detached from the intermediation.

Exploring biographies in a rapidly changing labor world

The field of work and employment is among the most rapidly changing fields in current societies. The sociology of work attempts to map these changes, developing concepts that seek to grasp the transformations of labor. Currently, the discussion revolves around two main topics: (a) the ‘normality of non-normality’ expands on the flexible, insecure, and precarious forms of employment, while (b) the ‘subjectivation of work’ has been introduced in order to reflect the newly observed trend in which entrepreneurial strategies and rationales colonize the whole spectrum of an employee’s personal life and the self. It is a paradox, however, that while all these transformations in the labor world are taking place, interest in biographical research on the field has declined. This article aims to show the ways in which biographical narrative research has studied the changes that have taken place in the world of labor and to highlight new research possibilities. We especially wish to highlight ways in which reconstructive biographical research can contribute to the corpus of knowledge generated on this topic. We argue that, through biographical case reconstruction, paths by which transformations of the labor world become biographically significant for individuals and their social life worlds can be grasped in a dialectical manner. Employing systematic reconstruction of the ways in which social actors construct their work experiences biographically can serve a twofold purpose. First, it reveals how social rules, dominant discourses, and social conditions form new workers’ subjectivities, and second, it identifies biographical sources of resistance on the part of the actors.

Francisco de Paula Brito: A Black Publisher in Imperial Brazil

Francisco de Paula Brito: A Black Publisher in Imperial Brazil

Establishing heat stress indicators for work in a warming world: multi-country field evaluation and consensus recommendations

BACKGROUND AND AIM: One third of the world labour force is frequently exposed to high heat stress at work, leading to significant health and labour implications. In a series of studies, we identified and validated the available thermal stress indicators (TSIs) for their capacity to protect individuals who work in the heat. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review to identify all TSIs and provide reliable information regarding their use. Then, we identified the criteria to consider when adopting a TSI and we weighed their relative importance using a Delphi exercise with 20 experts from 12 countries. Finally, we conducted field experiments across nine countries (372 workers during 893 full work shifts) to evaluate the efficacy of the meteorology-based TSIs for protecting individuals working in the heat. RESULTS: Our search identified 340 instruments and indicators developed between 200 BC and 2019 AD. Of these, 187 can be mathematically calculated utilizing only meteorological data. Of these meteorology-based TSIs, 127 were developed for people who are physically active, and 61 of those are eligible for use in occupational settings. Two Delphi iterations were adequate to reach consensus within the expert panel (Cronbach’s α=0.86) for 17 criteria with varying weights to be considered when adopting a TSI. These criteria considered physiological parameters such as core/skin/mean body temperature, heart rate, and hydration status, as well as practicality, cost effectiveness, and health guidance issues. In the third study, when evaluated against the 17 Delphi criteria, the 61 meteorology-based TSIs for occupational settings scored from 4.7 to 55.4%. The indoor (55.4%) and outdoor (55.1%) Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (51.7%) scored higher compared to other TSIs (4.7-42.0%). CONCLUSIONS: We found that three TSIs are more efficacious and should be adopted to support evidence-based decision making and protect individuals who work in the heat.

Love of Empire by Dissociations

Love of Empire by Dissociations Chien-ting Lin (bio) In the past two years, as the whole world has been deeply mired in the COVID-19 pandemic, we may have observed neoliberal capitalism's crisis of care: exposed and exacerbated by the global pandemic, made explicit alongside examples such as the collapsing of health systems, the shortage of care labor and overwork of nurses, the serious outbreaks in aged care facilities, the increased burden of domestic labor and care work due to school closures, and the worldwide rise of domestic abuse. In this short essay, I situate neoliberalism's care problems as a displaced process of imperial racialization in long-standing feminist debates over the "labor of love," returned to us by COVID in the form of crisis. Specifically, I reflect on the political discourses of love vis-à-vis war and militarism during the pandemic. The goal is to consider the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic mediates our relationship to geohistorical formations of laboring for love, while understanding this labor as care and sex work embedded in the racial structures of nation and empire. It is through this critical reflection on the questions of love, militarism, and geopolitics that I juxtapose the stigmatization of sexual laborers due to community spread in Taiwan's Wanhua teahouses with the Atlanta shooting that killed eight people, including six Asian women. As articulated and debated since second-wave feminism, the labor of love could be expansively understood in relation to the social conditions under which unpaid care services provided primarily by women within the household are utilized to resolve the contradictions of capitalist world order.1 Following the lead of Micki McGee's discussion about capitalism's care problem, a gender-only feminist perspective sees the unpaid labor of love within the household as the patriarchal exploitation of women. Feminist calls for economic independence for (mostly middle-class) women to work for equal pay as men certainly do not resolve the care problem but, instead, further obscure colonial divisions of labor under which the racialized labor mostly from formerly colonized nations is made to fill up the gap.2 I consider the discursive formations of love as a point of departure to review how the global pandemic bears on our everyday practices of intimacy. Pandemic-mediated effects on domestic intimacy, for [End Page 700] example, are often mistaken as simply a social problem about gender divisions of labor within individualized households when it is deeply implicated in the global imperial process. I argue that the impacts on domestic care during the pandemic are intimately connected with colonial divisions of labor when outsourced surrogate intimacies are vicariously performed by racialized third world labor. The historical effects of racialized displacement can be seen as consisting of three sets of often-dissociated social relations during the pandemic crisis: archetypical angel-heroines in white (nurses), angels in the house (housewife and mother), and fallen angels (prostitutes).3 During the pandemic, many of us constantly experience fears about the health systems being overwhelmed, even while we express growing appreciation for the essential care provided by health workers. In the meantime, we have come to witness a political discourse of love that occupies a space of primary importance in the popular glorification of professional care providers such as doctors and nurses on the frontline of the anti-epidemic battle. In Taiwan's context, the creation of these new heroines comes at the expense of racialized and devalued, if not entirely demonized, migrant sexual laborers now perceived as "the breach of infection control."4 After having kept the pandemic at bay for quite some time, Taiwan experienced a COVID-19 spike in April 2021. The drastic surge in locally transmitted cases was linked to the China Airlines and Novotel quarantine hotel at Taoyuan International Airport. The virus eventually spread to the teahouses of Taipei's Wanhua neighborhood—also known as an adult entertainment red-light district in Taipei. Since Wanhua was reported as the center of a major cluster, the workers in the sexual venues, in particular, became a singularized target of public criticism. Not only were the hostesses held accountable for the worst outbreak in Taiwan since the...

Aspects of occupational aging according to elderly workers: old age, work, and worker health

Population aging promotes meaningful changes in social structures, increasing the presence of older people in the labor market. By exposing this context, this research aims to analyze the following questions: the representation of work for older people, aging at work, and the relationship between the continuity of elderlies in the labor world and the worker's health. A semi-structured interview technique and a focus group with 16 elderly professionals were applied. Data were analyzed using a thematic content analysis technique. As analytical categories, it was highlighted the positive and negative aspects of the elderly at work, the representation of work for the elderly's lives and factors that affect the worker's health. The positive images of the elderly related to work were shown to be anchored to the experience and responsibility in face of work relationships. On the other hand, the negative view was mainly linked to the stigma of unproductivity. Working in old age was associated with income supplementation and personal development. The health of elderly people in work environments was mentioned as being affected by working organizations, including unfitted furniture and working hours, the lack of knowledge of new technologies, intergenerational conflicts and age discrimination. Therefore, it is demanded the development of public policies in order to reduce risk factors for working elderlies health.

Improvement of automatic speech recognition skills of linguistics students through using ukrainian-english and ukrainian-german subtitles in publicistic movies

The increased world's attention to foreign language studies facilitates the development and improvement of its study system in higher education institutions. Such a system takes into account and promptly responds to the demands of today's multicultural society. All should start with the transformation and modernization of the higher education system. This system includes the introduction of innovative technologies in the study of English and German, which should be focused on the modern demands of the world labor market. All this has determined the relevance of the research. This article aims to establish ways for students to gain automatic recognition skills through subtitling Ukrainian-English and Ukrainian-German publicistic movies and series. The first assessment of new language audio and video corpus was developed at the Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, using an automatic subtitling mechanism to improve linguistics students' recognition and understanding of oral speech. The skills and abilities that improved during the work with the educational movie corpus have been identified.

The Social Obstacles in Richard Wright’s Black Boy (1945) Novel: Acritical Analysis

Since the mid-1920s, the fundamental concern of American writers has been the phenomenon of deceit and reality and the struggle for self-definition as members of society. Black people in the United States have struggled to implement racial equality among members of society, especially after the declaration of their country's independence. Many achievements have been made in many areas over the last few decades, but the problem of ethnic conflict has not been completely resolved. The novel demonstrated blind fanaticism in the South and its negative effects on society. The Numerous difficulties in Wright's family life are directly or indirectly the result of racial discrimination. When Wright enters the world of labor, he discovers widespread and terrible racism in society. Thus, the autobiography finishes with Wright's flight to the South and the discriminatory conditions he faces there. The novel investigates the issue of racism not just as a detestable conviction held by evil individuals and as a tricky issue weaved into the very structure holding the system together in general. Wright depicts characters, such as Olin and Pease, as evil individuals. The current research attempts to analyze the sum of critical social problems such as violence, racism, and oppression in the novel. This study aims to create an awareness of racism and oppression using the personal experience of Richard Wright in his autobiography Black Boy.

Mobile Arbeit aus sozioräumlicher Perspektive: Co-Working Spaces als Chance für suburbane und ländliche Räume?

The world of labour is undergoing major changes. With the processes of digitalisation, the possibilities to work flexibly wherever people live or spend their time are increasing. Digitalbased forms of work promote the development of mobile work in a self-determined location (e.g. in a home office or co-working space). Such location-independent forms of work offer new opportunities for further development of rural areas and especially small and medium-sized towns. The strategic (re) linking of living and working is in many respects both an opportunity and a challenge in equal measure: A shift in the centre of people’s lives can strengthen the place of residence in rural areas through increased (also) economic demand, through a mix of uses and a diversified demand for local supply or through a reduction of traffic loads, such as commuting. In this paper, we explore both the socio-spatial preconditions and the effects of this shift from places of work to places of residence in rural areas. The aim is to outline a systematic classification of co-working spaces with regard to sustainable spatial development in order to promote the opportunities of mobile work in different suburban and rural areas.

О целях и содержании иноязычной подготовки будущих инженеров

Globalization of economy, rapidly developing new technologies and enormous information flows dictate new requirements for the organization of a higher education process in the field of engineering. Taking into account the situation on the world labour market, new educational standards are being developed for training engineering personnel to gain the required professional competencies. A special place is occupied by a foreign language professional communicative competence. The purpose of the article is to consider a foreign language training of future engineers at a technical university in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Education of a new generation. It is of great importance to form a basic level of foreign language professional competence among students of technical specialties for effective intercultural professional communication. The article touches upon universal foreign language competencies according to the requirements of the program for the specialty «Aircraft and helicopter design». The peculiarities of a two-stage organization of the foreign language educational process is also discussed. It is argued that the effectiveness of teaching is inextricably linked with the formation of motivation among students and depends on understanding the connection of their future profession with the practical application of a foreign language. The use of a personality-oriented approach helps to develop a number of necessary qualities and make future graduates competitive on the world labour market according to the requirements of modern employers. The conclusion regarding the modernization of the foreign language training with all positive and negative aspects arising in the process of teaching a foreign language at a technical university is made.

The specialist of the epoch of innovations: scenarios of labor market development

Introduction. Changes in the labor market are growing rapidly, and technology is dictating new challenges to the labor market every day, work tasks are being automated, and jobs are increasingly being taken up. The war poses additional risks. Problem. Business expectations of employees are changing, and HR services are facing new organizational challenges that require finding talent who can make unexpected decisions, work in conditions of destabilization, unprecedented risks and social upheavals. The aim of the article is to determine the factors influencing potential changes in the labor market, the formation of a virtual portrait of the employee of the future. Methods. General scientific methods are used: generalization and comparison; deductive and inductive analysis; statistical analysis to identify and summarize trends in the labor market of the future. Results. In order to consider changes in professions in the labor market, an online survey was conducted, which assessed how the emergence of new professions may affect staff and the company as a whole. The results of processing the information obtained from the survey provided an answer to a number of questions aimed at finding out how ready the company was to change due to the confrontation of trends that shape the work environment. Conclusions. It is established that the world labor market is transformed under the influence of global trends. It is not known today how the labor market will change, but aspects of each of these scenarios will emerge at some point.

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and unpaid care work on informal workers' livelihoods.

The COVID‐19 pandemic triggered a health, economic and care crisis affecting all workers, including those in the informal economy. This article uses data from the first round of a mixed‐methods longitudinal study conducted in June/July 2020 by Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing in partnership with informal workers' organizations in 12 cities. It assesses the impacts of the multidimensional crisis on care responsibilities and the resulting effects on livelihoods and food security. A gendered analysis of paid work and unpaid care work sheds light on the unique features of the impacts of the current “pandemic recession” on the world's informal labour force.

Analysis of Legal Liability for Parents for the Actions of Children Who Work on Their Own Accord

The legal arrangements in Indonesian that address the issue of child labor protection are very clear, Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning child protection, it is emphasized that the organizers of child protection fall on parents, families, communities, governments and the state. The first burden in implementing the protection of children lies with the parents. The legal responsibility of parents, family, community, goverment, state to children is to provide legal protection, one from of legal protection it self is to provide legal certainly, to prevent discrimination, especially in the world of child labor, where some employers employ children. Parents and guardians must play an active role in protecting their children , who are forcec to work for the needs of the family, their rights as children must be fulfilled, namely the right to grow and develop in accordance with human rights, both physically, mentally and socially. Children as the nation's off spring must be protected from all forms of inhumane treatment, which can damage theiar physical, mental and moral values. The purpose of writing scientific journals is to better understand the extent to which parents are legally responsible for the actions of children who work on their own accord in the scientific journals research using a normative method with a conceptual approach. And using legal sources, legal materials in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials.

Financial Education from school age - analysis in small Municipalities in Colombia / Educação financeira desde a idade escolar - análise em pequenos Municípios da Colômbia

Financial education is an aspect that has acquired great importance in the economic development of countries, and its inclusion in basic and secondary education programs can bring benefits to the society and the economy of a country. This being the case, the financial education should not be an option but a necessary condition in the training processes, even more because we are facing generations that think in a different way, whose priorities have changed compared to those of previous generations. The measurement of the level of competences in finance has acquired such importance that different organizations such as S&P or the OECD have developed instruments for this purpose. Colombia shows a low level of development in these measurements, a fact that justifies this research with which it is sought to establish the real level of basic knowledge in finance on the part of students who are about to graduate from high scholl and enroll higher education or be integrated into the labor world, in the municipalities of Chía and Sopó, near Bogotá, capital of Colombia.