World Market Of Services Research Articles

Internet technologies and international tourism business

The article identifies key aspects of the introduction and use of digitalization elements to increase the efficiency of tourism industry. The author highlights the modern trends in the world market of services and defines the place of international tourism as a priority sphere of economy of many countries, providing the lion’s share of the total national income of countries, becoming a direction of international specialization, promoting comprehensive sustainable economic development, social inclusion, growth of employment and overcoming poverty, efficient use of resources, environmental protection, developmentof intercultural communications, preservation of peace and security as an important component of social interactions of global scale. During the study was found that the tourism industry is currently developing rapidly and must meet modern challenges. Thus, under such conditions, considerable attention should be paid to the use of innovative technologies and the introduction of digitalization elements in tourism. It is noted that digitalization has been the main trend and growth factor of business for several years. Innovative and communicatory technologies have transformed both business and approaches to customers, sales of products and services, etc. Digitalization creates new sectors and segments, as well as new professions. The substantiation of necessity of using the Internet technologies for development of tourism at the present stage is given. It is determined that the digitalization of tourism will help to increase the competitiveness of the industry, the key areas of digitalization of tourism in the digital economy. When

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARKET OF GOODS AND SERVICES

In the article, a statistical analysis of the market of goods and services was carried out, the market situation was analyzed, the role of the calculation of elasticity indicators in demand forecasting was investigated, and factors affecting the condition, volume change and market structure were determined. When studying the patterns of market development, it was found that the calculation of market characteristics is necessary for the construction and qualitative analysis of distribution series. It has been studied that the demand in the consumer market depends on a whole set of factors, which are grouped according to the main characteristics (not including random factors). Specific methods of regional analysis are used in the analysis of the state of the market, territorial distribution of turnover and other indicators. During the research, it is necessary to study and evaluate market reactions related to trade and organizational factors, as well as distribution processes. The methodology of statistical research of the market situation of consumer goods is determined by the features of the consumer market as an object of research, the specifics of information support and economic indicators, and the corresponding set of methods of research and forecasting of the economic situation. Regulation of international trade in services has certain specificities. This is due to the fact that services have a variety of forms and content, forming a single market, which is not characterized by general features, but by general trends, which make it possible to regulate it at the global level, even taking into account new moments in its development, which TC contributes, dominating it and monopolizing it and at the same time the processes of localization separating it. Currently, the world market of services is regulated at four levels: international, sectoral,. regional and national.

Theories of international trade in modern tourism business

The article research deals with the issues of the world market of tourist services and its place in the world gross product. The author highlights the modern trends in the world market of services and defines the place of international tourism as a priority sphere of economy of many countries, providing the lion’s share of the total national income of countries, becoming a direction of international specialization, promoting comprehensive sustainable economic development, social inclusion, growth of employment and overcoming poverty, efficient use of resources, environmental protection, development of interculturalcommunications, preservation of peace and security as an important component of social interactions of global scale. Research тhe theory of international trade from the perspective of supply and perspective of demand is investigated and systematized. The comparative advantages that determine the directions of foreign trade through the export of surplus resources and import of scarce resources of production are discovered. It is discovered that all considered traditional theories of international trade were based not on the similarity of countries, but in contrary on their differences. It is proved, regardless of the theory ofrelative factor endowments, that not only the differences but also similarities between countries may be a prerequisite for trade. The country similarity theory, which states that having developed new products in response to discovered market needs in the domestic market, the manufacturing company then refers to markets that are the most similar to the markets of its country, is analyzed. It was established that this theory explains international trade mainly from the perspective of demand, not supply. It is generalized that the theories of international trade is the basis for the statistical monitoring of trade and allow toidentify key indicators of its measurement.

Foreign Economic Activity of Business Structures in Ukraine: Problems and Prospects of Development

The article is devoted to studying the tendency to develop foreign economic business structures in Ukraine. The relevance of the research is because foreign economic activity is the essential component of a large number of domestic business structures. Moreover, developing foreign economic activity gives the company new opportunities, such as using the benefits of international cooperation of production and freedom of decision-making to carry out its production tasks. Therefore, scientists have paid attention to the foreign economic activity of business structures in Ukraine, ensuring and improving the efficiency of foreign economic activity at enterprises. Still, constant changes in the environment necessitate further research in this area. The purpose of the article is to analyze the problems and find directions for developing foreign economic activity of business structures in Ukraine. First, the article analyzes the dynamics of export and import of goods and services. The commodity and geographical structure of exports and imports of goods and services are determined. Second, the main tendencies and characteristic features of foreign economic activity of business structures are studied. Despite a significant increase in the value of exports of goods and services to countries worldwide, Ukraine remains an import-dependent country. The main problems of foreign economic activity of some enterprises and Ukraine, in general, are considered. The directions of the development of the foreign economic activity of business structures in Ukraine are offered. The article identifies other ways to develop the foreign economic activity of business structures in Ukraine. The conducted research allowed us to find out that stable development of the economy is possible only on condition of preserving its openness and fast development of foreign trade. The fundamental problems of ensuring the balance of Ukraine’s foreign economic activity are primarily related to the diversification of geopolitical and regional priorities, the optimization of the commodity structure of exports and imports, strengthening Ukraine’s position on the world market of services through such segments as international tourism, insurance, leasing and engineering operations, exchange in the field of information.

Digitalization of the world service market: specifics and consequences

Relevance of the research topic. The article is devoted to the analysis of the specifics of the development of the world market of services in the context of digitalization. The determining influence of the processes of digital transformation and digitalization of the services market on the state of international trade in services is studied. Contradictions and systemic problems of the development of the market under study are revealed. The potential growth opportunities of the service market, as well as the directions of its development, are identified. Attention is focused on the essence of the ongoing changes and the consequences of the functioning of new business models (in particular, digital platforms). The subject of the study is the digitalization of the global services market. The aim is to substantiate the potential opportunities and conditions for the development of the world market of services on the basis of systematization of theoretical approaches to the digitalization of the world market of services, to determine the specifics and consequences of this process. Research methods: empirical (comparison, statistical data processing), theoretical (study and generalization, analysis). Conclusions in accordance with the article. The analysis made it possible to determine the specifics of the digitalization of the services market, namely: a) the emergence of digital services in the context of the globality of the market and country concentration; c) the large-scale development of digital trade (domestic and cross-border), while maintaining geographical concentration (China, USA, EU, Japan, India); d) the emergence of a pronounced versatility of the services market (vertical integration of digital platforms); e) the absence of a large number of intermediaries; b) optimization of the impact of certain types of costs under the influence of technological advantages; e) additional opportunities to stimulate / limit competition through the digital format of relations; k) transformation of the traditional infrastructure of the service market and the emergence of technological advantages. Thus, the consequences of the digitalization of the services market are manifested in the following: - transformation of the structure and configuration of the services market and international trade in services, including the withdrawal of trade in real goods and services to the digital environment and the emergence of digital services; - the emergence of new opportunities for businesses to maneuver in the services market through digitalization, increasing the inclusiveness of trade in services and blurring the lines between domestic and cross-border trade and sectors in the digital economy; - strengthening global competition and moving it to the intangible sphere, which can be radical for traditional markets.

FEATURES OF PARTICIPATION OF RUSSIAN BUSINESS ENTITIES IN THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF SERVICES

The article reveals the features of the presence of Russian business entities in the world market of services. The reasons for the complexity of statistical accounting of the service sector in international trade are grounded. It also considers promising areas of Russia’s participation in international trade in services and ways to increase the competitive stability of national companies.

Глобальні тенденції розвитку міжнародного туризму в структурі світового ринку послуг

Глобальні тенденції розвитку міжнародного туризму в структурі світового ринку послуг

Tourism and hospitality industry in the context of global economic development

Introduction. The most important tendency of modern development is the process of post-industrial transformation of the economy, which influences the tourist and hotel and restaurant industry is intended to compensate partly the relative monotony of labour activity, which is connected with its limited specialization and subordination to the social division of labour. But at the same time, the historical character of the social division of labour, which appears on the current level of the process of the society post-industrial transformation, is not fully taken into account.
 Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to analyze the features of the tourist and hotel and restaurant industry in the extensive historical context of the post-industrial transformation of modern society.
 Results. The methodology of such analysis proceeds from the fact that this transformation process is accompanied by the transformation of the content of economic activity in the direction of reducing the heavy routine labour and expanding the scope of free interpersonal communication. In such conditions, there is a necessity for a more consistent marketing distinction between the hotel and restaurant facilities depending on the specific needs of different groups of potential clients. It should be fully taken into account that the traditional style, corresponding to the mass perception of both domestic holidaymakers and tourists, and domestic business class, may be less creative from the point of view of holidaymakers from developed countries, whose tastes and benefits have emerged in a post-industrial society. The main principles of the influence of the level of economic development on the style and design of hotels and restaurants have been revealed and that is characterized by tendencies of negation of artificial values in favour of the values of "naturalness", which symbolize the free interpersonal subject-subjective communication, which is considered to be immanent not to labour, but to creativity which is free from economic necessity.
 Conclusions. Thus, the general conclusion is that these differences in styles reflect not only socio-cultural traditions, but also different levels of historical development of developed countries and post-Soviet society, which largely determines the significant cost of hotel and restaurant services in the postmodern era. Therefore, investments in the development of tourist and hotel and restaurant industry in Ukraine should take into account the requirements which are connected with the peculiarities of postmodernism in so far as they are oriented towards the world market of services. Developed countries entered the postmodern period on the way of postmodern and post-industrial transformation, but Ukraine has only come to the solution of the problem of real modernization, which is rather characterized by a state of premodern than postmodern, and such objective differences of the levels of historical development should be taken into account, including the organization of tourist and hotel and restaurant industry, which are focused on the international level, as they may appear in different styles, which are in preference for local and Western clients.

Тенденції та проблеми функціонування світового ринку комерційних послуг

Досліджено сучасні тенденції та проблеми функціонування світового ринку комерційних послуг. Зазначено, що у світовому масштабі відбуваються такі глобальні, трансформаційні зміни в секторі сервісної діяльності, які перетворили сучасну економіку в "економіку послуг". Встановлено, по-перше, що соціально-економічні зміни у суспільстві, зростання доходів і потреб населення, прагнення до якіснішого рівня життя наприкінці ХХ ст. стали рушійною силою розвитку традиційних сервісів, привели до виникнення нових технологічно оснащених і складних послуг; по-друге, виявлено основні тенденції розвитку економік різних країн, які полягають у зростанні обсягів функціонування сфери послуг, збільшенні доходів від сервісної діяльності, посиленні конкуренції у цьому секторі, зростанні числа зайнятих, збільшенні частки імпорту та експорту послуг; по-третє, з'ясовано, що сфера послуг розвинених країнах домінує у формуванні ВВП, первинному накопиченні капіталів, трудових ресурсів, кінцевому споживанні домашніх господарств; по-четверте, оцінено негативний вплив стагнації економічних умов на світовому ринку послуг на зниження обсягів надання транспортних і туристичних послуг; по-п'яте, охарактеризовано закономірності та перспективні напрями розвитку телекомунікаційного, комп'ютерного та інформаційного секторів сервісної економіки.

РОЗВИТОК СВІТОВОГО РИНКУ ПОСЛУГ В УМОВАХ ТУРБУЛЕНТНОСТІ ТА ЗМІН

The author's research of the current state and features of the development of the world market for services in conditions of turbulence of world processes was carried; the world leaders of the service sector in the global dimension and leaders of the most dynamic articles of service categories were identified; the share of world exports of services by countries by the level of their economic development was justified; weaknesses in the assessment of indicators of international trade in services were identified; the research is based on UNCTAD statistics.

Development of the World Market of Services in the Context of Globalization: Institutional and Network Approaches

The general trend of economic development in the last century is the transformation of the industrial economy inthe post-industrial or service economy that is due to a number of factors - innovation in the agricultural sectorand industrial production, the complication of institutional, instrumental and technical and technologicalframeworks of national economies, changes in the system of social needs, growth of social activity of population.In this regard, the study of the dynamics and trends of the global services sector as a whole and its segments inparticular is an important task in both the theoretical and practical terms.Transnationalization of global hospitality market determines the links between its individual segments andeconomic system in general. These links are evident not only between market participants, but also between thesegments of global goods and capital market. As a result, transnationalization acts as stabilizing mechanism forthe world economy in general and the global hospitality market in particular.

The perspectives of entry of ukrainian companies at the world market of services

In this article author analyzes main issues of Ukrainian service market integration within the international competition environment. It is proved that institution and transaction costs are one of the key factors in the development of the modern Ukrainian trade in services sector. The author examines them as a basis for competitive advantages in the process of internation- al exchange in services.

Exports, foreign direct investments and productivity: are services firms different?

This paper contributes to the literature on international firm activities by providing the first evidence on the link between productivity and both exports and foreign direct investment (FDI) in services firms from a highly developed country. It uses unique new data from Germany, one of the leading actors in the world market for services. Statistical tests and regression analyses indicate that the productivity pecking order found in numerous studies using data for firms from manufacturing industries – where the firms with the highest productivity engage in FDI while the least productive firms serve the home market only and the productivity of exporting firms is in between – does not exist among firms from services industries. There is evidence that firms with FDI are less productive than firms that export; this finding is in line with recent empirical results reported for software firms from India.

Exports, Foreign Direct Investments and Productivity: Are Services Firms Different?

This paper contributes to the literature on international firm activities and firm performance by providing the first evidence on the link of productivity and both exports and foreign direct investment (fdi) in services firms from a highly developed country. It uses unique new data from Germany - one of the leading actors on the world market for services - that merge information from regular surveys and from a one-time special purpose survey performed by the Statistical Offices. Descriptive statistics, parametric and non-parametric statistical tests and regression analyses (with and without explicitly taking differences along the conditional productivity distribution and firms with extreme values, or outliers, into account) indicate that the productivity pecking order found in numerous studies using data for firms from manufacturing industries – where the firms with the highest productivity engage in fdi while the least productive firms serve the home market only and the productivity of exporting firms is in between – does not exist among firms from services industries. In line with the theoretical model and the empirical results for software firms from India provided by Bhattacharya, Patnaik and Shah (2010) there is evidence that firms with fdi are less productive than firms that export.