World Labor Market Research Articles

LABOUR MIGRATION FROM UKRAINE UNDER THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC TURBULENCE

The purpose of the article is to analyse the trends of labour migration from Ukraine under the global economic crisis caused by COVID-19. The subject of the research is international labour migration in Ukraine. The study should predict the consequences of the coronavirus crisis for labour migration and place of Ukraine in the world labour market in the nearest future. Methodological basis of the research comprised the list of theoretical and empirical methods of research; there was provided the analysis of recent research publications subject under the discussion, compared the results obtaining with statistical data, suggested the practical recommendations that were received on the base of survey results. Researches in a number of OECD countries have found that the risk of infection among migrants is at least two times higher as among locals. The number of international migrants is declined in 2020 for the first time in recent history, as the number of new migrants slows down and re-emigration rates substantially increased. Ukraine has the highest rates of permanent immigrants among European countries. In 2019, there was among approximately 5 million people of foreign origin in Ukraine, the largest migration groups were from Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, and Uzbekistan. At the same time, Ukraine ranked 8th in the world and 2nd in Europe for emigration in 2019. Ukraine was the largest country of origin of refugees in Europe amounted to 93 thousand people at the end of 2018. In 2019, as in previous decades, the largest migration corridors in Europe were in Ukraine, including the Russia-Ukraine and Ukraine-Russia corridors, which held the first positions in the volume of migration in this part of the world. The military conflict in the East of Ukraine has strengthened the current trend towards reorienting of Ukrainian migration to the West. The employment structure of Ukrainian labour migrants is mostly inefficient, as only 26.8% of Ukrainian workers are employed abroad according to the qualifications obtained. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected virtually all spheres of public life; it has affected emigration from Ukraine, a crucial factor of which has been the introduction of lockdown in key host countries of Ukrainian labour migration, in particular, in the EU. However, the existence of an unconditional demand for Ukrainian workers in the labour-importer countries has led to the solution of problems with access of workers in an ad hoc manner in the first half of 2020, in particular, through the organization of workers transportation from Ukraine for seasonal work. The results of the study have shown that despite the fact that the structure of permanent migration from Ukraine is dominated by migration to the Russian Federation, trends in long-term and especially in temporary labour migration since 2014 and until now, clearly indicate a change in the vector of labour movement towards the EU. Labour emigration is not able to solve the problem of Ukraine’s economic development; it just solves the task of maintaining the welfare of the migrant families and provides the opportunities to develop the human capital of migrant children, primarily through funding by means of migration capital their education in Ukraine. Analysis of the current global and national economic situation, regulatory measures, both in Ukraine and in the countries of migration destination, which directly or indirectly affect migration flows, indicates that in the medium term we cannot predict that the COVID-19 pandemic will significantly affect large-scale labour migration.

STATE REGULATION OF LABOR MIGRATION ABROAD IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the subject analysis of tools and definition of priorities of the state regulation of labor migration of citizens of Ukraine abroad in the context of social and economic development of the state. It is determined that the state regulation of migration processes includes monitoring, development and application of information, administrative, organizational, market and social mechanisms to reduce their intensity, mitigate the negative consequences, ensure socio-economic balance in the domestic labor market. Ukraine is an active participant in the world labor market, providing the economic systems of foreign countries with more than 3 million workers annually. It is shown that the rapid development of migration processes is due to such factors as low efficiency of the socio-economic system, insufficient consistency of government in carrying out reforms. The increase in migration processes was facilitated by Ukraine’s acquisition of a visa-free regime with the EU, which greatly simplified the procedures for Ukrainians to travel abroad. The positive consequences of labor migration are the reduction of tension in the labor market, increasing the welfare of households through foreign exchange earnings, the transfer of new knowledge and experience. The negative consequences of labor migration are the outflow of young people and professionals, the shortage of highly qualified labor specialists, the deteriorating demographic situation, rising consumer prices in the domestic market. The main priority of state regulation of labor migration is the management of socio-economic factors influencing the living conditions and activities of citizens, the variability of which is due to the redistribution of investment flows in the national economic system and social forms of consumption. It is shown that despite the positive dynamics in the labor market, the unemployment rate remains high, the average salary is one of the lowest in Europe, and more than 10 million people are below the poverty line. The tasks of state regulation of migration character are generalized and the corresponding measures of regulatory influence are offered. Further research is recommended to focus on the regulation of motivational factors of labor migration and the development of tools to mitigate the negative effects of migration for the development of socio-economic potential of Ukraine.

LABOR MARKET OF UKRAINE IN CONDITIONS OF SYSTEM CRISIS

Abstract. The study deals with identifying trends in the labor market in Ukraine, which is significantly influenced by threatening external and internal factors. The authors prove in the article that the incentives to reform this market today are significantly weakened by the negative effects of the crisis, which covers all spheres of life — from the economy to health care. It was found that the negative trends of the world and national markets contribute to the decline in the quality of human capital of labor resources, worsen the structure of the national labor market. The multi-vector nature of the crisis leads to the formation of a multiplicative effect — its various aspects increase the influence of each other. As a result, the negative pressure of the crisis factors on the national labor market is increasing with growing pace. The authors prove that the old extensive approach of managers to the use of labor resources of Ukraine has outlived itself. The existing model and approaches to its reform given the current scale of threatening trends do not meet the criteria of effectiveness. Ukraine needs a new labor market model. The efforts of government officials and the influence of the business community should be aimed at forming a model whose goals will be: stabilizing the economic, social and political situation in Ukraine, reducing the risk of uncontrolled growth of social tensions, forming a flexible response to neutralize the effects of the crisis. It is pointed out that the lack or even slowdown of the reaction to the existing negative tendencies inherent in the labor market in Ukraine can cause significant and drastic social and political changes. The originality of the article is stipulated by the need to identify labor market trends under the influence of the crisis and the situation on the world labor market, identify factors that lead to the consolidation of an extensive labor market model in a permanent crisis, identify factors that contribute to this and negative consequences for the economy. Keywords: labor market, impact of the crisis, labor migration, quality of human capital, employment dynamics. Formulas: 0; fig.: 5; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 22.

МІЖНАРОДНИЙ РИНОК ПРАЦІ: ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ

The article analyzes the trends that accompany the international labor market. It was found that the peculiarity of the economic development of the world was the challenge of the spread of coronal infection COVID-19. The theoretical aspects of the formation of the world labor market in the context of labor migration. The state of the modern world labor market is analyzed; in particular, the main trends in employment and unemployment in recent years. It is established that the main problems that negatively affect the functioning of the international labor market are rising unemployment and declining employment. It was found that today the service sector is developing rapidly and the trends in employment in this area and the causes of the “brain drain” are analyzed. It was found that for the better functioning of the labor market it is necessary to create new jobs and stimulate the activity of economically active population, which will contribute to the economic development of the world. It is determined that the dynamic processes of intellectualization of production with large-scale development of innovative technologies in recent years lead to intensification of the process of redistribution of jobs with a rapid increase in the share of highly educated and skilled workers in the total number of employees. Emphasis is placed on the growing role of highly professional skilled labor, which is dictated by modern conditions of development. Improving the quality characteristics of employees is due to both the intellectualization of production and labor, constant updating of the range of products and the development of the knowledge economy, the main advantage of which is the knowledge resource and so on. It is determined that the main recipient countries of labor in the world labor market in Europe are the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, France, Germany, donor countries – Albania, Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Ukraine and the CIS countries. It is emphasized that the international segment of the labor force is growing in the structure of the global labor market. The increase in this segment in recent years is due to the intensification of multinational companies. It is determined that the main features of the modern world labor market are structural changes, geographical mobility of the population and professional and qualification diversification.

ГЕНЕЗИС НОВІТНІХ ВИКЛИКІВ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО РИНКУ ПРАЦІ

The article examines the latest challenges in the global labour market and considers their impact on international migration processes, proposes a vector for solving these challenges. The current challenges in the world labour market such as digitalization, globalization and regionalization, neoprotectionism, urbanization, climate change, population aging, the tendency to reduce working hours due to new technologies, robotics, special attention is paid to the latest problems, including quarantine restrictions, provoked by COVID-19 pandemic. The above trends lead to the fact that the most profitable investments at the moment (and probably in the future) are investments in the human capital. This article is a part of a study of the impact of international labour migration on the new geoeconomic area formation.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ТРАНСНАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ТРУДОРЕСУРСНИХ ПОТОКІВ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ РИНКУ ПРАЦІ: КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНИЙ ДИСКУРС

The article considers the formation of international labor flows at the stage of the labor market globalization. The formation of the global labor space as the basis for the world economy development is certified. The role of transnational corporations in the development of the world labor market is highlighted. It is established that the globalization of labor supply of the economy is a manifestation of the labor market transnationalization: transnational structures form a separate segment of the world labor market with its own patterns of labor movement, causing the phenomenon of labor flows transnationalization. It’s stated that segmentation of the world labor market indicates the peculiarities of demand for labor resources, their skills and the international labor division - the labor force in the world labor market is diverse and differs from the one which appears only in national markets, it is characterized by high mobility and adaptability employers. The concentration of human resources of the required quality, knowledge and experience within TNCs, as well as the global organization of management allow such companies to optimally locate structural units on a global scale. Taking advantage of the transnational structure, they can benefit from international differences in the business cycle, productivity, characteristics of demand, taxation, etc. It is emphasized that a special segment of the transnational labor space is highly qualified workers. It is substantiated that in the long run transnational corporations will play a crucial role in generating requirements for quality labor force indicators worldwide. The formation of the phenomenon of labor flows transnationalization is characterized, the emergence of the self-organization effect of these labor flows is stated. It is concluded that the activities of transnational corporations lead to the phenomenon of labor world economic division, in which human capital is positioned as a source of companies’ competitiveness

ПРОФЕСІЙНА ПІДГОТОВКА СТУДЕНТІВ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ СФЕРИ НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ РОЗВИТКУ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ЗВ’ЯЗКІВ

The article deals with the problems of improving modern professional tourism education. The paper defines the main theoretical aspects of professional training of students in the tourism sector and the implementation of this training in modern foreign economic and socio-cultural conditions, namely: the goal, objectives, components (stages) of professional training of a modern tourism manager, components of the content of vocational education, didactic foundations, patterns and etc. It has been determined that a modern tourism specialist must have the ability to learn and retrain (adapt) if necessary, find non-standard solutions to professional problem situations, possess a wide range of competencies, which allows him to carry out all areas of multifunctional professional activity at a high level. The article also defines the tasks of professional tourist training of future specialists, namely, the development of professional interest in tourism and the motivation to acquire knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for work; developing the ability to work independently in order to deepen their knowledge and improve the professional skills necessary to attract people to tourism; the formation of scientifically grounded views and beliefs necessary for a fruitful professional activity. In modern economic and socio-cultural conditions, there is a need to improve professional tourism education. In this regard, it is necessary to develop methodological foundations for the implementation of professional education of future tourism specialists at a qualitatively new level. In our opinion, the implementation of professional training of future managers of the tourism industry, taking into account the positions of competence, systemic, activity and personality-oriented approaches, justified by modern pedagogy of higher education, the integration of traditional and innovative approaches to the organization of the educational process in the context of the formal, aimed at the formation of professional the competence and readiness of students for the implementation of professional activities, will allow modern universities to produce competent specialists who are competitive in the domestic and world labor market in the tourism industry.

Возможности иностранного языка в развитии Soft Skills будущих специалистов

The changes at the world's labour market of the past decades demand a reconsideration of the education content, technologies and methods of teaching, ways of upbringing, and prove the importance of a deliberate development of future specialists' soft skills as an integrative personality characteristic which is necessary for successful work activities in modern society. This article aims at specifying the content of soft skills as a personality characteristic and searching the pedagogical ways of their development in acquiring professional education. The study was carried out using theoretical (analysis of pedagogical, psychological and sociological literature, synthesis of knowledge on the problem) and experimental (interviewing, conversation, polling, questionnaire, observation of educational process, analysis of learning materials and teaching resources, their experimental application, monitoring of students' soft skills development) research methods. The analysis of literature on the question allowed concluding that the structure of soft skills includes communicative-interactive, creative, reflexive, and cognitive components, and emotional intelligence. Thus, soft skills are an integrative personality characteristic representing a set of communicative, creative, and reflexive skills in combination with emotional intelligence, cognitive skills, and such personal characteristics as flexibility, friendliness, learnability, punctuality, timemanagement, leadership. Academic language disciplines, especially teaching business interaction in foreign language, are particular promising for the development of soft skills due to the diversity of applied activities and interactive methods based on communicative-interactive tasks. These tasks can be classified regarding their difficulty (simple and complex), content (social and professional), cultural barriers (monocultural and cross-cultural), and number of active participants (monologue, dialogue, group); they can be combined and deliberately made up by a teacher according to educational and professional needs. Experimental teaching business interaction with the help of communicative-interactive tasks demonstrated a systemic development of students' interactive and reflexive skills, critical and creative thinking through actualization of their own position in problem situations. The research shows that interactive learning on the basis of communicative-interactive tasks provides opportunities necessary for developing components of soft skills.

Reforms on Employment And Unemployment In Uzbekistan: Functional Approach

The article provides information on the reforms implemented in Uzbekistan in recent years on employment and unemployment and their results. Scientific and legal approaches to the concept of employment are presented. In addition, the article examines the changes in the world economy and labor market due to the global catastrophe called the COVID-19 pandemic, provides measures in this regard and statistical analysis of employment in Uzbekistan. In the process of consistent development of social and economic relations, the issues of employment and further improving the living standards of the population, increasing production in various sectors in Uzbekistan, drastically reducing the number of unemployed through further development of small business and private entrepreneurship, home-based work, family business tasks related to the ongoing employment policy and aspects related to the social mechanism of increasing employment were studied.

Socio-economic aspects of vaccination of the population against COVID-19 and the development of the world labor market

Socio-economic aspects of vaccination of the population against COVID-19 and the development of the world labor market

THE REGULATORY SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

In the context of globalization, all world economies unite, interact and develop in a single system of production. However, the world economy largely depends on the formation and development of the world labor market. Thus, migration is one of the main mechanisms and factors affecting individual countries and the world economy as a whole. With the intensification of globalization processes, the demand for staff of different levels of qualification in the labor market is met by the supply of workers, regardless of the country in which they live. This phenomenon leads to international labor migration. Despite the fact that the migration of highly qualified personnel leads to intellectual decline and lack of educated population in the country from which workers migrate. Instead, the uncontrolled migration of low-skilled personnel in the host country can lead to a sharp rise in unemployment among the local population, criminal offenses, social discontent of citizens, which will negatively affect the authority of the state in the world. Therefore, the study of the system of regulation of migration processes and the introduction of ways to improve it will help harmonize the socio-economic situation in the world and make migration more profitable and safe for countries and its citizens. The article reflects the main modern trends in international migration processes: the directions of external labor migration, the scale of the departure of labor migrants to different countries, determined the reasons for such tendencies. In the course of the research, the methods by which these processes are regulated to improve the economies of countries and the safety of labor migrants are considered. The article also describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mobility of Ukrainian citizens and methods of overcoming the consequences of this impact. The activities described in the article related to migration and population mobility will mitigate the long-term impact of the pandemic, help strengthen the protection of Ukrainian citizens abroad, as well as expand the opportunities for their socio-economic integration into local communities.

Opportunities and Risks of Forced Remote Work

Inthe current conditions of the coronavirus pandemic, the life of society, the functioning of the economy and, in particular, the labor market have changed dramatically. Along with the world labor market, the Russian market has faced new challenges, and timely and efficient response to the challenges will influence not only the success, but also the viability of many companies. The main challenge was the need to carry out work in a remote format. Some organizations that have already used distance employment have been able to adapt relatively easily to the new work format, while others are experiencing difficulties. As the number of incidence continues to grow, it becomes clear that remote work is gaining increasing popularity, which makes this topic especially interesting and relevant.This article presents an analysis of various sources of information about the practices of remote work over the past few years, about the features of the forced remote format over the past few months. As the results, the main opportunities and restrictions for workers and employers were identified, as well as the main challenges for the community of human resources (HR) specialists.

FORMATION OF A CREATIVE CLASS AS AN INTENTION FOR HIGHER EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT

More and more cultural and government leaders are recognizing the scope and impact of the creative industries on the economy. Commercial enterprises (such as publishing, design, advertising, music, and theater), and nonprofit organizations (such as museums, concert halls, folk life centers, art schools and conservatories), – all of them are gaining recognition as an important engine of the 21st-century economy. The main manpower of creative industries is the creative class. The guiding principles of the creative class include freedom of imagination, inquiry, and expression, as well as freedom of opportunity for all to participate in a vital and diverse culture. It is fundamentally different from the industrial age workforce. And it provokes important issues about training and workforce development, preservation of culture, and access to knowledge. The policies affecting the creative economy are being formed at a global level within international and multilateral institutions. This makes tracing their ramifications particularly complex. The article highlights modern approaches to the definition of "creative industries", "creative class". The transformational processes taking place on the world labor market and influencing the national socio-cultural space are analyzed. It is determined that the gap in the economic growth of countries is based on the disproportion of intellectual capital, technology, accumulated knowledge, and ways to use them. The means of eliminating such a disproportion is the development of a special creative class, the formation of which will contribute to a number of state, political, legal decisions, and, in particular, restructuring the education system, its reorientation to overcome standardization and stimulate creativity, diversity of cultural events, science, art, technology.

Проблемы рынка труда молодёжи в современном мире и Узбекистане: пути их преодоления

Статья посвящена изучению и сравнению проблем рынка труда молодёжи. Установлено, что на определённом этапе развития страны безработица среди молодёжи является основным показателем степени её адаптации на рынке труда. В статье, автором рассмотрены и проанализированы особенности и проблемы мирового рынка труда и Республики Узбекистан. На основе сравнительного анализа показаны страны по уровням занятости и безработицы. Сделана попытка установить причины, которые приводят к увеличению числа невостребованной на рынке труда молодёжи, а также выяснена возможность успешного поиска работы в соответствии с полученной профессией. Охарактеризованы закономерности различных аспектов поведения молодежи на рынке труда.
 В статье сформулированы ключевые направления государственной политики поддержки занятости молодежи.

Глобальные тенденции трансформации рынка труда

Presented is the analysis of modern labor market, forming under influence of multiple factors. The conditions of the external global challenge put the labor market in need of transformation, sometimes in contrast to the economically rational distribution of the labor factor and with the depreciation of the social significance of the use of labor resources. Inequality and the widespread deficit of decent work lead not only to economic inefficiencies, but also to a decline in social cohesion within countries. At the same time, the main goals of the strategic development of the labor market, such as: full employment and an increase in the standard of living, remain significant, and it is necessary to direct the efforts of governments, workers, employers and their associations. The emerging global trends of the world labor market pose a number of problematic issues for solving both at the level of national markets and on the world labor market together with international organizations in the framework of the global dialogue. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing features of the distribution of labor and employment at the level of the world labor market, with the justification of such trends that are significant for issues of modern optimization of labor use, such as decent work, underemployment, structural unemployment, gender asymmetry, professional segregation, structural inflation, youth segment of labor market. All the phenomena under consideration are of a pronounced character both on the world and national labor market and require additional theoretical understanding and empirical assessment.

Innovative approaches and health technologies as part of the vocational training of aspirants of the II master's level of higher education

The attitude of higher education aspirants of the II master's level to the use of innovative approaches and health technologies in physical education of higher education institutes is considered in the article. The system of higher education needs constant improvement, which is specified to the increase in requirements for the future specialists’ vocational training, in particular masters of education in the field of physical education and sports. At this time, the introduction of innovative approaches to the training process of higher education aspirants in the field of physical education and sports is relevant and necessary. It will allow future specialists to meet the needs of modern society, to be confident, more flexible in the system of training of higher education aspirants of a pedagogical profile, to have a sufficient level of adaptation to the fast-changing requirements of the world labor market, to be mobile to changing directions of the pedagogical activity, and to have the opportunity to choose new modern professions that arise with the advent of new sports. The analysis of the results of the research shows that respondents consider the decisive motive for higher education to have the possibility of employment in higher education institutions; young professionals note the need to reform the existing system of physical education in higher education institutions, offering for this the widespread use of innovative technologies and the exchange of international experience; point out the desirability of complementing the process of practical training of masters with combined and dance innovations and modern unconventional motor activity such as mixed martial arts (MMA), TRX and CrossFit; note the preparedness to introduce innovative technologies in their future professional activity. The main barriers to the introduction of innovative approaches and health technologies in the process of physical education of higher education institutions, according to aspirants, are excess of document circulation, reporting, and insufficient funding. The analysis of the questionnaire shows the need to modernize the modern system of physical education in higher education institutions through the use of innovative approaches and health technologies.

Modelling the factors influencing migration processes in the European Union

The countries of the European Union have traditionally been actively involved in the processes of international labour migration. Given the existence of a general strategy for regulating these processes, there are significant differences in the mechanisms of their implementation in the context of individual national business environments. This research identifies the factors influencing the formation of volumes, directions, and structure of the system of migration flows in the European region based on the conducted economic and mathematical modelling. Thus, it is possible to state the fact of exclusively economic reasons for labour migration. The social factor, represented by the size of wages, is derived from the economic one and has a secondary impact. The environmental factor does not affect the intensification of migration processes. The basic factors in determining the current migration policy of the EU are the general situation on the world labour market, the state of socio-economic development of the region, the structure of domestic production and consumption in individual countries. An additional factor influencing today is the nature of the crisis, the cause of which is not economic and financial, but medical and social one. Given the sustainability of the factors of influence, it is possible to predict changes in the main trends of international labour migration in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. The consequences are not only a change in migration policy within the region, but also a strategy to attract external migrants from donor countries and the development of a special system for managing migration processes in the new environment.

World experience of professional development of staff

Problem setting. Today, high-quality higher education and vocational training is recognized by the world community as a significant dominant in the creation of a system of values by economies and the ability to quickly adapt to changing environments for production processes. Preservation and development of human creative potential is the main goal of innovative education, which should be permeated with universal values. To do this, it is necessary to make it develop harmonious thinking, which is based on a combination of inner freedom of the individual and his social responsibility, as well as tolerance. Analysis of recent researches and publications. A significant contribution to solving the problems of personnel development has been made by domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners, including O. Amosov, O. Ataeva, V. Vesnin, N. Gavkalova, G. Dessler, O. Yegorshin, V. Kovalev, N. Markova. E. Morgunov and others. Issues related to personnel development management were studied by such scientists as V. A. Savchenko, T. P. Zbrytska, G. O. Savchenko. A. O. Vornachev, A. N. Boyko, and Y. I. Kravets studied the world experience of professional training of skilled workers. Target of research to analyze the modern world experience of professional development of personnel of enterprises on the example of leading economies. Article’s main body. The article points out that the priority areas for further development of our country’s enterprises are the wider use of the experience of leading economies of the world in the field of quality management and development, formation and maintenance of a culture of quality, development and implementation of standards for personnel development, adapted to the needs of a specific organization. As the development of national vocational education becomes innovative through the use of the experience of the leading countries of the world, the need for specialists to improve their skills during work in accordance with the requirements of the modern world labor market is increasing, the national system of competences and qualifications and so on is being improved. Conclusions and prospects for the development. In order to overcome the shortage of highly qualified specialists, it is proposed to introduce at the state level legislatively regulated financial support of enterprises in the field of vocational training and development of employees, namely: (1) to develop and legislatively invest the funds in the training of employees and their professional development through loans, government tax incentives for companies to organize training, training, retraining, retraining and advanced training of staff; (2) allocate government subsidies to employers who create additional training places for industrial and on-the-job training; (3) stimulate the interest of employers in improving the professional level of staff through a system of encouraging them and improving the organization and improving the quality of education; (4) create funds for employers to transfer a percentage of their payroll to cover most of their employers’ training costs; (5) envisage, within the framework of collective agreements, the creation of training funds, the assets of which are formed either from a payroll tax or through government subsidies; (6) strengthen the responsibility of employers and employees themselves for their professional level in order to increase the efficiency of the use of funds for vocational training of staff; (6) develop draft legal acts to encourage and encourage staff to continue learning and appropriate mechanisms for their implementation (financial assistance – state or sponsorship, educational leave - partially or fully paid, grants, scholarships, etc.); (7) to encourage enterprises to expand cooperation with higher education institutions, research institutes and other institutions of social and pedagogical orientation for the development of scientific and methodological foundations of professional development of staff.

Soft Skills Development in Higher Education

Nowadays, as a result of economic changes, employers are eager to look for employees with applied skills rather than cognitive skills. Diplomas are not being considered as a definitive indicator of students' professional intelligence as it used to be before. Fourth Industry Revolution has dramatically changed labor market and knowledge is now acknowledged as strength of productivity and economic growth, and information technology has acquired great importance. In such a situation, whether employees start their career or change a job, they can show successful performance, if they can change and update themselves continuously, build positive interpersonal relationships in the workplace, learn and win in the unpredictable challenges of the work place. Accordingly, today the graduates of Higher Education need to master not only professional skills of their job, but also various soft skills, including the ability to communicate, coordinate, work under pressure, and solve problems. The purpose of this article is to provide literature on the connection of soft skills with employability and world labour market, the role of soft skills in career success for future professionals. The article also examines the definition and selection of the most demanding soft skills from the perspective of different literature. The role of Higher Education in forming and developing soft skills will then be discussed. The article illustrates the results of survey carried out with the aim to analyze the degree of integration of soft skills in Study Skills program that is taught for bachelor students in Uzbek State World Languages University and academic curricula.

Современные особенности трансформации мирового и российского рынков труда

The article is devoted to the assessment of the impact of modern digital technologies on the world and Russian labor market. The relevance of the chosen problem is explained by the fact that the achieved level of digital development of society has a signifi cant impact on the size of labor markets, the qualifi cation composition of workers, the demand for certain professions. The article presents the results of the analysis of the impact of digital technology on the growth of Russia’s GDP, the contribution of individual factors of growth in value added of diff erent sectors of the economy, including the sectoral dimension, the dynamics
 of digital technologies across regions of the country. The article presents the results of studies characterizing new trends in the labor market, formed as a response to the increasingly active penetration of the digital economy in the socioeconomic sphere of society.