Image Of World Research Articles

Rhythmic and syntactic structure of means to create material world image in V. Nabokov’s novel «Машенька» and its English translation «Mary»

The present article attempts to analyze the rhythmic and syntactic structure of the original fragments involved in creating the image of the pension in V. Nabokov’s novel «Машенька» and its English version «Mary». The relevance of the research stems from the fact that despite the abundance of works devoted to the study of artistic image and individual writers’ style, they do not cover all possible aspects of analysis. In particular, there exist practically no contrastive studies revealing specific means to create material world image on the rhythmic and syntactic level based on the works written by bilingual authors. In addition, Russian and foreign philology lack studies devoted to considering the peculiarities of rhythmic and syntactic analysis of V. Nabokov’s literary works. The aim of the present article is to analyze the rhythmic as well as syntactic structure of the original fragments, creating the image of the pension as part of the material world in V. Nabokov’s novel «Машенька» and its English version «Mary». The objectives of the study include identifying the characteristics of the rhythmic as well as syntactic structure of the fragments in question to define the extent to which the translator manages to convey the features of the original structure. The following research methods are used: the method of slicing and splicing, structural-functional method, descriptive method and comparative method. In conclusion it should be emphasized that rhythmic and syntactic structure of the analyzed fragments is characterized by both extended and non-extended sentences, compound sentences with conjunctive, subordinate and non-conjunctive links, parenthetical insertions, homogeneous sentence members and adverbial participial phrases. The rhythm of the fragments in question varies from monotonous to gradual and alternating. To conclude, the results suggest that rhythmic and syntactic features of the original are not always taken into account by the translator, which is explained by the differences in the syntactic structure of the Russian and English languages.

«Оправдание» души как «оправдание» человека: философско-религиозный ракурс

The article (using the example of the European cultural tradition) actualizes the problem of the heuristic potential of the concept of ‘soul’, which is far from being fully used, due to the dominance of positivist ideas. The category ‘soul’ is the most adequate in its content and depth, for the study of the inner immaterial world of a person in its integrity. The concept of ‘psyche’ that displaces and replaces it is narrower, covering mainly the processes of reflecting the world for optimal adaptation to it. The dominant of this concept, on the one hand, expresses the real impoverishment of a person’s inner life, the loss of moral, metaphysical experiences and reflections by it. On the other hand, the view through the ‘prism of the psyche’ has a limited cognitive potential, not allowing to reveal the fullness of the inner world of a person, his essential depths. The category ‘soul’ is the earliest, most developed, universal, allowing to explore the structure and functioning, formation and development of the inner world of a person. It is the concept of ‘soul’ that appears, starting from ancient and early Christian thought, synonymous with the concept of ‘human life’. The evolution of the content of the ‘sole’ concept in European thought is a reflection of the real processes taking place in the inner being of a person. During the period of anthroposociogenesis, the formation of the human soul takes place, consisting in the ‘gathering’ of its main parts. In the development of spiritual life, one can distinguish the line of ascent – to the spiritual, and the line of descent – to the material, carnal. The line of ascent unfolds from the first steps of history to the bright Middle Ages. The line of descent plays an increasingly active role from the ‘dark Middle Ages’ to the present. In the New and Modern times, the process of reducing the soul into the psyche is actualized. Moral and metaphysical experiences and reflections, which constitute the essence of the soul, lose their leading role. The ‘death of God’ (as the highest moral and metaphysical law) is an expression of the ‘death’ of the soul, leading to the ‘death’ of a person. The “justification” of the soul, its “new finding” will allow a person to realize a “new finding” of himself.

ON DISCURSIVE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FUTURE WORLD: AXIOLOGICAL ASPECT

The article considers the axiological aspect of the future world construction in the English political discourse. The image of the future is regarded as a mental structure shaped by linguoaxiological operations. Its content is predetermined by the axiological scenario of the present, encoded by language units. The critical role of the concept “innovation” in the construal of the future world image has been revealed. The tool kit of the future world construal consists of: 1) a cognitive script of the future; 2) means of its verbalization; 3) discourse illocutions. Axiologems that model the future world image are identified: “progressiveness”, “importance”, “necessity”, “completeness”, “fantasticality”.

Neo-liberal Transgressions in the Contemporary Film Industry: Classical Music and Dehumanised Musical Bodies in the Films The Perfection (2018) and Nocturne (2020)

The aim of this paper is to examine what I call “dehumanised musical bodies” in the psychological horror films The Perfection and Nocturne. These multi-deficient neo-liberal bodies are exposed to the stereotypical, strikingly negative image of the sophisticated world of art. Particular attention is paid to the provocative treatment of classical music, focusing on the non-normative institutional practices and ethical reconfiguration of their representatives. A strikingly raw form of musical dehumanisation is found in the film The Perfection, whose soundtrack combines ambient sounds of terror and popular tunes with great classical works by Handel, Mozart and Casadesus. The film Nocturne, on the other hand, offers a more contemplative audio-visual aesthetic with a deceptive hierarchisation of the classical music repertoire. Mozart’s music is frivolously devalued, while Saint-Saëns’ “Piano Concerto No. 2 in G Minor” is used as a narrative device for a destructive manifestation of power that leads to an avalanche of conflict between the sisters. Such explicit play with the classical music signifiers drastically deviates from conventional musical protocols and leads to alienation and, ultimately, transgressive neo-liberal dehumanisation of contemporary musicians.

Can a simulated window improve the ward environment? A survey of patient, carer and staff perspectives

Background/Aims Simulated windows displaying images of the outside world can help to reduce emotional stress. This study investigated the effect of a simulated window on perceptions of the environment in a hospital ward among patients, family members, nurses and doctors. Methods A total of 48 participants (12 patients, 12 family members, 12 doctors and 12 nurses) were recruited from a four-bed patient room in a neurological ward in Japan. A 12-item questionnaire was administered, with participants rating their agreement with 11 statements about the room's simulated window on a 5-point Likert scale. The final item was a free-text question. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results The majority of questionnaire items had average scores of 3–4, indicating neutral to moderately positive views of the simulated window. The majority of participants agreed that the window provided visual stimulation, but many did not see the benefits for communication or stress reduction. Qualitative feedback noted that they would prefer a simulated window that allowed patients to choose the image. Conclusions The simulated window was generally viewed positively or neutrally across participant groups, with feedback noting improvements to the technology that would lead to a better experience.

The Image of the Arab World in the Spanish and Latin American Journalistic Discourse: Immigration as an Example

Spain's and Latin America's perception of Arabs is conditioned by a set of labels. This article aims to study the (re)presentation of the figure of the Arab immigrant in both Spanish and Latin American journalistic discourse. The researchers, through the use of a series of lexical and rhetorical resources, demonstrate that, this discourse effectively contributes to the generation of labels about the population of the study in question. Our corpus of analysis is essentially made up of newspaper articles with national and local circulation (El Mundo, El Diario de Sevilla, El Tiempo, Libertad Digital, etc.). The methodology followed in the analysis is based on the theories of Van Dijk about discourse and racism in Spain and Latin America.

Social construction of the image of the psychologist and of the patient: the role of implicit premises.

Nowadays, there is a growing consideration of people's mental health through awareness programs, policies, and practices promoted by international aid agencies and non-governmental organizations. Psychologists and patients are major actors in mental health, and their images are socially co-constructed. Nevertheless, there is still a lot of confusion about who "psychologists" and "patients" are or what a psychologist does. This muddle may underline stereotypes and broadly speaking stigma related to mental health. Therefore, confronting directly the ideas of "psychologist" and "patient" could be a little step in challenging stereotypes and making order in the panorama of mental health. In our study, we focus on the implicit contextual premises that shape particular framings around which the images of the psychologist and of the patient are socially and culturally co-constructed. In order to reach this goal, we have investigated the discourses and the multiple points of view behind the social image of the psychologist and of the patient from different sources or contextual domains: psychology online forums, university websites, and an online survey. From a methodological perspective and according to the pragma-dialectical approach, we have identified all the different standpoints and arguments related to the various conceptions of the psychologist and the patient. We have made explicit the implicit premises that lay behind each argumentative inference via the Argumentum Model of Topics. Based on these analyses, we have reconstructed the distinct framings at stake in the different contextual domains. The findings show that implicit contextual premises have huge power in constructing stigmatization in the ideas that lay people have toward the image of the psychologist and of the patient. In particular, we have observed that the more the contextual domain is defined, the more institutional premises dominate over individual ones; on the contrary, in informal contextual domains, heterogenous individual premises are prominent. Our study underlines that it is only by substituting old implicit premises with new unimagined ones that we can change subjacent contextual premises at the very core of stigma and the prototypical world's images.

ПСИХОСОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ИНФОРМИРОВАННОГО ДОБРОВОЛЬНОГО СОГЛАСИЯ В СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ

The reason for the psychosocial discomfort in the majority of dentists when providing medical care at the present time is not the difficulties in providing dental care and services, namely the changes that have occurred in terms of obtaining informed voluntary, informed, written consent to the invasion of the sphere of physical and personal integrity, as well as the need for a doctor to help comprehend and explain to the patient the conditions, on which medical intervention will be performed. Healthcare organizers and medical workers are often not ready to carry out organizational and psychological changes themselves, and in order to optimize the processes of digitalization, it is necessary to build psychological cross-counseling of workers to overcome difficulties in interacting with patients.
 The subject of the study is the awareness of doctors about the importance of informed voluntary consent in dental practice.
 The relevance of this study is due to the need to standardize the process of obtaining informed voluntary consent for medical intervention from patients of dental institutions.
 The aim of the study is to develop the concept of organizational and psychological determinants that determine the role of IDS in the context of the effectiveness of interaction between a dentist and a patient. 
 Methodology. The general scientific methodology of the study was determined by the following principles of consideration of complex social objects: consistency, determinism, unity of consciousness and activity, development.
 We relied on the general psychological theory of activity, the concept of the development of professionalism and the image of the professional world. The study used methodological and theoretical foundations of the analysis of labor activity, the concept of group training; the theory of planned and step-by-step formation of actions.
 Conclusions. The concept of informed consent and its role in dental practice is analyzed. The reasons of insufficient awareness of medical workers and patients as a source of conflict situations and a factor of dissatisfaction of patients in dental practice are investigated. The impact of insufficient patient awareness on various aspects of the work of dental organizations was assessed. Organizational standardized solutions to problems in informing the patient are proposed.

Mythological Aspect of Iqbal's Poetry in Javed Nama

Allama Iqbal has employed a mythical mode in Javed Nama. Religious legends and stories mostly form the basis of these myths. Multiple references to historical truths and socio-cultural legends have been mythologized. This article explores the poetic landscape of Javed Nama. Which is brimming with spiritual and historical characters. Images of paradise, hell, and worlds beyond this world are portrayed. Allama Iqbal has guided Muslim Ummah towards spiritual enrichment. He has tried to evoke the aspirations of the Muslim community through the mythical and magical landscape of Javed Nama.

Uncertainty principle and complementary variables

The two most important areas in modern physics are quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity. Unlike classical physics, where Newton's mechanics dominates, these two areas change human beings' fundamental view of the universe. One of the theories that build up the base of quantum mechanics is Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. Starting from a thought experiment, Heisenberg's microscope in the setting of classical physics, Werner Heisenberg built a bridge between classical and quantum physics by presenting a counterintuitive outcome in the thought experiment. Since then, the observer of a physics phenomenon is no longer a bystander. The behavior of observation became a part of the physical experiment. To come up with a mathematical expression that can describe such a new discovery, Heisenberg came up with matrix mechanics and the concept of complementary variables. There is a trade-off between a pair of complementary variables. When one of them is measured precisely, meaning the information of that variable is known on a large scale, the other variable can not be measured precisely, meaning there is no way to know enough information about the other variable. The principle indicates a fundamental limit on what human beings can know about the unknown variables. The discoveries of other complementary variables help physicists know the new image of the physics world under new rules.

Stormy Images: Elemental Kinetics in the Recent Films of Takashi Makino (2018–2021)

Abstract This article examines the movements of the elements (water, air, fire, and earth) in the recent (2018–2021) films of Japanese experimental filmmaker Takashi Makino. It proposes that Makino’s unique style of filmmaking – which consists of layering thousands of moving images of the natural world on top of each other – expresses and encompasses elemental tensions between form and formlessness, clarity and obscurity, and identity and transformation. Taking the storm as an ecological force which foregrounds elemental kinetics, Makino’s films are analyzed in their capacity to disclose natural motion. This allows for a renewed conception of the elemental, understood as process and flow rather than individual units. An elemental politics of the storm emerges, which calls for the fostering of productive and complex movement rather than the stasis of conservation.

Asynchronous Hybrid Reinforcement Learning for Latency and Reliability Optimization in the Metaverse Over Wireless Communications

Technology advancements in wireless communications and high-performance Extended Reality (XR) have empowered the developments of the Metaverse. The demand for the Metaverse applications and hence, real-time digital twinning of real-world scenes is increasing. Nevertheless, the replication of 2D physical world images into 3D virtual objects is computationally intensive and requires computation offloading. The disparity in transmitted object dimension (2D as opposed to 3D) leads to asymmetric data sizes in uplink (UL) and downlink (DL). To ensure the reliability and low latency of the system, we consider an asynchronous joint UL-DL scenario where in the UL stage, the smaller data size of the physical world images captured by multiple extended reality users (XUs) will be uploaded to the Metaverse Console (MC) to be construed and rendered. In the DL stage, the larger-size 3D virtual objects need to be transmitted back to the XUs. We design a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm structure, namely Asynchronous Actors Hybrid Critic (AAHC), to optimize the decisions pertaining to computation offloading and channel assignment in the UL stage and optimize the DL transmission power in the DL stage. Extensive experiments demonstrate that compared to proposed baselines, AAHC obtains better solutions with satisfactory training time.

Psychology of Mastering Intercultural Competence of Future Translators

The purpose of our research is to show the context of the definition of “in-tercultural competence”; to explain the connection between the structural com-ponents of intercultural competence and necessary skills and abilities of future translators with the purpose to do effective translational activity; to determine Psychology of mastering intercultural competence of future translators.methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. The ascertaining research was used as an empirical method. the results of the research. We proved, that in the process of oral trans-lation a real process of thought generation, the path from meaning to finding meaning (and vice versa – from meaning to meaning) was much more difficult. It is not limited to certain structural models, because in translation, as well as in the process of intercultural communication, the most difficult thing can be the definition of not even individual signs, realities, but the peculiarities of their re-lationships in the minds of representatives of different cultures, in which there is a functional coincidence of the main and secondary characteristics, figures and backgrounds, which, in turn, facilitate the development of intercultural compe-tence.conclusions. The most effective implementation of the intermediary role of the translator can only be perceived by us as a result of his/her consistent appeal to culture ­specific and universal aspects of the phenomena having been studied, which is achieved by consistent movement in the space of comparative cultures in the direction of emic – etic – emic. By this way it is also the process of the development of intercultural competence of students – future translators. Cogni-tive structures, having been formed in the course of such a reflexive movement, must be combined in cognitive models with language signs that correspond to the world image. The dominant role in the process of forming the intercultural competence of students – future translators display to the greatest extent by the thinking scheme of representatives of a certain linguistic and cultural com-munity. These processes testify to the considerable role of the basic components of translation activity: psychological and linguistic elements, verbal methods of performing oral translation.

Hukum Kausalitas Sebagai Dasar Onto-epistemologis Mukjzat Pespektif Allamah Ṭabāṭabā’ī

Miracles are events of extraordinary (khāriq al-‘ādat) in which its existence is believed and accepted. However, some theologians such as Asy‘ariyah do not accept the law of causality in miracles. For them God is the only cause and proximate cause for all events that occur in nature so that the natural order is nothing more than a habit of God (‘ādatullah), meaning that nature does not have definite laws. Thus, the only cause and the proximate cause of the occurrence of miracles is God, while the prophet only acts as a deterministic executor. This has implications for the absence of a prophetic doctrine, because the prophetic claims of the prophets as humans who were sent by God to convey revelations to humans cannot be accepted without miracles and even have implications for the perception of prophets as madmen. This research seeks to explain that miracles do not contradict the law of causality through an onto-epistemological basis. The ontological basis, explains how the law of causality occurs in miracles, how the immaterial world that is above becomes the cause and influences the realms below it, namely the material world, and what is the reality of the miracle. Then the soul and its actualization as its epistemological basis, namely how the soul of a prophet can do it. The two become an inseparable unit. This research method is descriptive-analytic-holistic using a philosophical approach from the perspective of Allamah Ṭabāṭabā’ī.

Specifics of V. K. Kuchelbecker's artistic historiosophic views (based on the materials of his European Letters)

The question of artistic historiosophy is a problem that has been actively discussed in recent decades. Historiosophy is an area of interest for historians, philosophers and sociologists. Artistic historiosophy is directly related to the aesthetic side of works, this is the sphere of interests of literary critics; studying it, they comprehend the text, its images and plots in a new way, including them in various social, historical, moral and philosophical processes, revealing the peculiarities of the author's view of the phenomena of life - present, past and future. One of the insufficiently studied works of the Russian romanticist, representative of the Decembrist movement V.K. Kuchelbecker is examined in this aspect. The research material is the novel by Kuchelbecker "European Letters". The proposed work is based on the methods of historiosophical analysis of literary works and the historical-typological method. Scientific novelty of the proposed study is due to the fact that the issues of historiosophy in Kuchelbecker's "European Letters" have not been considered in the scientific literature. In the process of analyzing the "European Letters", the author's unusual view of the categories of the past, present, and future is revealed, which allows modeling the image of an ideal social world, on the one hand, and on the other hand, to give a detailed description of the socio–historical processes taking place in European and Russian life, the modern Kuchelbecker period, emphasizing the special Messianic path of Russia.

Philosophical ideas in drama on the example of women's drama

In this article, specific methodological approaches to analyzing drama from a philosophical point of view are formulated. Our research’s principal conceptual basis consists of considering the personalities of the drama characters animated in the text (and especially in the stage action) as primary attractors for readers-viewers (recipients). Drama consideration (in addition to philological, psychological, semiotic, and other aspects) is proposed as a metaphor that leads to a holistic intellectual and spiritual understanding of its social and philosophical meanings in the unity of the personal-conscious, collective unconscious, and socially determined content. In addition, a conceptual system of socio-philosophical analysis of drama as a unity of society’s real microsocial and macrosocial environments, expressed by the images of the virtual world of the dramatic work in society as a whole, is proposed and implemented. The author explains and systematizes the socio-philosophical ideas and the geo-sociocultural aspect of feminism and feminist literature (features of feminism and feminist drama in the Anglo-American reality). In addition, the author contributes to understanding an important aspect of the modern Western mentality. It is shown that women’s drama is one of the most significant genres of expression of the “philosophy of women’s lives” in the socio-cultural dimension and contains relevant social and philosophical ideas related to gender issues. The article considers the application of the modern literary approach of “feminist criticism” in combination with traditional philological and philosophical approaches, which allowed us to offer a more systematic understanding of the phenomenon of “women’s drama” and revealed the links between the ideology and practice of the feminist movement with the peculiarity of expressing the positions of specific subjects in the form of dramatic works.

A Secret JPEG Image Sharing Method Over GF(2 M ) Galois Fields

With the rise of exchanges over the cloud and social networks, JPEG images have taken an important place in world image transmission and storage. In order to avoid security breaches and combat threats on the Internet, numerous JPEG image security methods have been proposed in both the academic and industrial communities. Encryption methods have been specifically designed to make JPEG images visually secure using so called crypto-compression methods. The drawback of crypto-compression is that it depends on only one secret key. Indeed, if this key is lost, so is the totality of the content of the secret original image. In this paper, we propose a secret JPEG image sharing approach. Shamir’s secret sharing scheme over Galois fields is used during the JPEG Huffman coding step, ensuring the visual security of the secret image in the compressed domain, while solving the issue of secret key loss. In addition, we also describe an eco-friendly scenario, dealing with a public shared JPEG image. In this scenario, we can obtain compressed shares because there is no need to duplicate the redundant information. According to our obtained results, our approach is fully format compliant and size preserving when compared to a standard JPEG compression of a secret original image, while ensuring the visual security of the content of the secret original image.

РЕАЛЬНІСТЬ КРІЗЬ ПРИЗМУ ЖИВОПИСУ: СИМУЛЯКРИ МІШЕЛЯ УЕЛЬБЕКА

The article examines the code of painting and the media codes of other sign systems that are inseparable from it, forming a peculiar picture of the modern information world as a world of simulacra in M. Houellebecq’s novel “La carte et le territoire” (“The Map and the Territory” in English translation). The purpose of the work is to reveal the role and functions of the painting code and related to it media codes of photography, video art, architecture, advertising, and the Internet in the author of “The Map and the Territory” narrative strategy, that permits to identify some general laws of, typical for postmodern art, intermedial thinking and to clarify the concept of intermediality itself. We have applied intertextual, intermedial, hermeneutic, historical and literary research methods to conduct the research. The simulation, real world depiction imitation, which is replaced in the novel by its numerous “copies of copies”, begins with the first appellative structure of the text, the title itself – “The Map and the Territory”. The title announces the principle of replacing reality (territory) with its conventional image (map), which makes an emphasis on the intermedial prism as a decisive idea of world reproduction in the novel. Painting, as one of the most expressive forms of world depiction, is presented in the novel as a product of the simulacra multiplication technology, which is the leading one for the modern information society, where secondary modeling systems occupy an increasingly significant place. Painting, as a kind of litmus test, allows Houellebecq to show how various media zones, that create a distorted picture of the real world, interact and influence a modern person. Painting as “The Map and the Territory” central hero’s profession underpins the intermedial discourse of the novel, being in the focus of characters’ philosophical discussions and revealing its dominant role in the plastic accuracy of Jed’s paintings and photographs description. In the novel the literary text is consistently synchronized with the works of painters Koons and Hirst, whose images are depicted in the painting “Damien Hirst and Jeff Koons divide the art market” which opens “The Map and the Territory”. There is a verification of the painting by a word and vice versa. Multimedia spaces are superimposed on each other, giving birth to an intermedial, whimsical image of the modern world, which is successively destroyed by man, giving it to secondary sign systems. The idea of the simulacrum as a marker of modern culture determines both the form and the content of Houellebecq’s novel which carried out a “realist-postmodern synthesis” through an intermedial narrative strategy. Conclusion. The principle of simulacrum thinking, as a leading in modern art, was born by the world of simulacra in which modern man lives. The narrative strategy chosen by Houellebecq to demonstrate the secondary nature of modern ways of representing the world should prove to the reader, not only through the content but also through the intermedial narrative form itself, that it is necessary to wake up in order not to perish in the artificial world created by man as a “second nature”: a culture that, thanks to technological progress, erases a person from the planet’s map, leaving a free area covered with vegetation waves, where there are no people and cannot be. The pictorial code is dominant in Houellebecq’s narrative, through the prism of which the real world is shown in the novel. It demonstrates the modeling principle toxicity in the artworks based not on a mimetic mechanism but on the technique of simulation, simulacrum.

PREVELANCE OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS AMONG 4TH YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS OF D.G.KHAN MEDICAL COLLEGE, DERA GHAZI KHAN, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Background: A refractive error is a very common eye disorder which occurs when the eye cannot clearly focus outside world images ending up with blurred vision but timely detection and intervention can enormously enhance student’s potential during his or her formative years. Medical student’s Refractive status is of immense importance considering the burden of medical studies and their role as future health care providers. Aim: To assess the Prevalence of Refractive errors among 4th Year Medical students of D.G. Khan Medical College, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Study Design was Cross sectional Comparative. Place of study was D.G Khan Medical College, Dera Ghazi Khan Duration: Six months. Results: Myopic were 42/80 (52.5%) out of which 2/42(4.76 %) also had Astigmatism while 1/80(1.25%) had Hyperopia. Severe Myopic were 3.0/80 (3.8%) in both right and left eyes while 10/80 (12.5%) and 11/80(13.8%) fall in moderate category in right and left eyes respectively. Mild were 29/80 (36.3%) in right while 28/80(35.0%) in left eye. Only 2.0/80(2.5%) were having Astigmatism in both eyes along with mild Myopia. Significant association found between Age and sex of medical students with the Refractive errors. Conclusion: According to currents study findings High prevalence of Refractive Errors especially Myopia among female medical students tends to be alarming. It demands implementation of more structured student awareness campaigns focusing genetic factors to help prevent and control more cases of eye defect among medical students, society and Nation at large. Future study can be focused on causes of high Refractive Errors among female medical students.
 Key Words: Refractive Error, Myopia, Hypermetropia, Astigmatism and Medical Students.

ПСИХОСОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ПЕРЕКРЕСТНОГО КОНСУЛЬТИРОВАНИЯ В ПЕРИОД ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ

The reason for psychosocial discomfort in medical organizations were the processes taking place in the social environment, the legislative framework, the transfer of medical institutions to new operating conditions, increasing requirements for the safety and quality of medical services, digitalization of the healthcare sector, the introduction of "smart technologies" aimed at improving the quality of life of the population. Healthcare organizers and medical workers are not always ready to carry out organizational and psychological changes, and in order to optimize the processes of digitalization, it is necessary to identify the psychological causes of organizational resistance and cross-counseling workers to overcome difficulties in interpersonal relationships. 
 The subject of the study is the interaction of actors (initiator, creator, agent and addressee) in the process of organizational and psychological changes during the reorganization of the dental service.
 The relevance of this study is due to the need to study the process of development of psychological changes during the reorganization of dental institutions during the period of digitalization of medical organization employees.
 The purpose of the study is to develop the concept of organizational and psychological determinants integrating organizational, group (subdivision) and individual psychological levels during the period of organizational changes during the introduction of digitalization of a medical institution.
 Methodology. The general scientific methodology of the study was determined by the following principles of consideration of complex social objects: consistency, determinism, unity of consciousness and activity, development.
 We relied on the general psychological theory of activity the concept of the development of professionalism and the image of the professional world. The study used methodological and theoretical foundations for the analysis of labor activity, the concept of group training, the theory of planned and phased formation of actions.
 Conclusions. An effective cross-consulting system for digitalization in a dental organization should include the following subsystems:
 1) Psychological counseling and support of actors (initiators and social groups (groups of medical workers) involved in the process of digitalization of dental care and interacting with each other;
 2) A set of factors affecting the digitalization of the dental service, affecting the activity of medical workers at the organizational, group (subdivision) and individual psychological levels;
 3) Formation of professionalism of employees using regulatory, cognitive, communicative and performing components.