World Face Research Articles

Individual health-related quality of life and the regional allocation of medical services: Insights from a stochastic health frontier analysis.

Health care systems around the world face increasing budgetary pressures due to a growing number of cases and new and costly treatment options. Improving health-related quality of life while achieving cost-containment is the ultimate goal of an efficient provision of health care services. By means of a stochastic frontier analysis, we condition subjective individual healthrelated quality of life on individual characteristics, such as health-related behaviour and socioeconomic status and regional indicators, like the medical infrastructure and demographic and socio-economic profiles. Our results indicate a positive relationship between general outpatient care and individual well-being. However, regional misallocation of medical services relates to inferior outcomes of regional health care service provision which are likely to negatively affect health-related quality of life at the individual level.

Relire Arabic Thought In The Liberal Age d’Albert Hourani: quelle pensée arabe et quel libéralisme?

Modernity, globalization and the crisis of the liberal system pose the West and the Arab world face to face with the same challenges. We are all interconnected and interdependent, but it is still difficult to act ultimately in a wider way. The critical analysis of some aspects of our problematic ‘past compound’ and the historical misunderstandings that we have prevented from collaborating could give us the opportunity to overcome the impasse - this time serious and general - in a truly alternative way.

A Smart Traffic Control System Using Image Processing: A Review

The global population and number of vehicles on the road are continuously increasing. Currently, most countries around the world face traffic problems. One of the major causes of such problems is ineffective traffic management such as greenhouse emissions, traffic accidents, health damages and time spent, resulting in frequent traffic congestion at major intersections. Therefore, an effective management system is needed to smartly handle traffic congestion on streets, highways, and roads. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate different traffic control systems and their image processing techniques to help manage traffic density. We created a model for a traffic control system based on information received from images of roads taken by a video camera and image processing techniques used to control traffic congestion on roads.

Outcome measures in cleft lip and palate: An Indian perspective

Outcome measurement is the definitive way to prove or disprove the usefulness of a procedure and its impact on a disease process. Cleft lip and palate is a disease with many facets and involvement of many subspecialties in its treatment. It is therefore necessary to have a comprehensive approach towards outcome measures for satisfactory treatment endpoint. Patient opinion even in case of children is very important and should actually form a very important component of overall outcome measures. Authors' experience in the Indian subcontinent shows that many children have been very happy with results that may be found wanting by some. In some cases that proved a boon for the child to grow in the world facing adversities. Authors' have proposed a simplified standard of points for outcome measures for uniformity of results.

Current measures to maintain the stability of workers in Slovak companies

Over a short period of time, individual countries in the world face a common problem that affects them and adversely affects the lives of individuals. In connection with the current emergency situation related to the corona virus pandemic, it is possible to notice fundamental changes and enormous impact in the social or economic dimension. The aim of the article is to provide an overview of the current situation in selected countries and to compare the system of measures in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic that were adopted in order to stabilize or retain workers or aimed at elimination of imminent damage.

Impacts of Informal Settlements on Housing Development: The Case of Debre Berhan Town, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

The issue of inadequate housing is the difficulty that millions of lower and middle-income groups in urban areas of the developing world face. This study is an assessment of informal settlements and its impacts on housing developments in Debre Berhan town. The core problem identified in this research is the uncontrollable illegal division of lands for substandard housing. The study aimed to examine the characteristics informal settlements focusing on housing standards, causes of Informal settlements including their impacts in the housing developments, the different modes of informal land acquisition mechanisms, evaluating the legal responses for informal settlers to solve these impacts and to propose a possible preventive and curative solution for the informal settlement expansion in the town. The research design employed in the study was a mixed type and the combination of probability and purposive sampling techniques were used. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from primary and secondary sources, and the methods of data collection from primary were direct observation, interviews, field questionnaire surveys, and instrumental use. The result of the study of informal settlements in the town was characterized by legal, socioeconomic, and environment due to the inefficiency of the formal land supply process, to deliver adequate land for housing, population growth, urbanization, socio-cultural factors, and others. And the major mechanisms of informal land acquired through purchasing lands from informal land market and inheritance. The physical, social, political, and environmental problems were the impacts that are caused by informal settlements and the local government’s response was regulating and demolition. The study recommended the entire land development and management system to address vital areas of strategic physical planning, cadastral surveying, land recording and registration, and well-managed land information system to improve the land availability factor in the town and help to control informal settlements. This research will have a positive contribution to promoting the realization of the right to adequate housing with security of tenure for informal settlements in Debre Berhan town.

Alignment and Contribution of Nursing Doctoral Programs to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals

BackgroundDifferent social segments from several regions of the world face challenges in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Nursing, representing the greatest number of health workforce in the globe has been dealing with these challenges in different paths, among them the training of human resources. In this context, the goal of this study was to compare the relationship between the objectives and research areas underlying nursing doctoral programs in Latin America and the SDGs.MethodDocument research comparing data of Latin American nursing doctoral programs and the SDGs, conducted between January and March 2020.ResultsMost nursing doctoral programs have contributed to SDG 3, in addition to Goals 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 and 16, revealing that the training of nursing PhDs is essential to fulfilling these goals, also indicating a need of programs to remain committed to relationships that enhance nursing skills to cope with the current challenges in terms of global health, such as investments for the reduction of social and gender inequities.InterpretationThe doctoral training of nurses in Latin America needs to be better aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), since there is a high concentration in SDG 3. We believe that nursing will bring a greater contribution to the movement to protect planetary health as precepts that govern the praxis of the profession are better aligned with international health demands and agendas.FundingCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal do Nivel Superior, Brazil.

PROCESS MANAGEMENT IN A SINGLE INFORMATION FIELD PROVIDING TECHNOLOGI-CAL PROCESSES AT THE AIRPORT

Many airports in the world face the challenge of increasing their capacity. Airports are experimenting with the use of modern digital technologies. But only a few of them are implementing fundamental digital transformations that can prevent the current difficulties in civil aviation and improve the efficiency of airports. One of the most promising areas of digital transformation of the airport is based on the use of a single information space for technological processes, in which all the works performed at the airport are recorded and controlled. The study showed the need for coordination of decision-making at different levels of airport management, both between different services, departments and airport management, and between airlines and different companies that participate in this airport, in the implementation of technological processes for the maintenance of aviation and ground aviation equipment, passengers, Luggage, cargo, airfield, technical facilities, fuel and lubricants supply system. Such extremely complex technical tasks can be carried out with optimal financial and material costs only when using a single information space at the airport to ensure technological processes. As part of the implementation of this unified information space, it is proposed to implement the methods of "coercion" and "inducement" (pure or combined), which allow the most effective implementation of the potentials inherent in different information resources. One of the important tasks of airport management in this case is to prevent the occurrence of counter-threats from subordinate and dependent structural units and companies, which requires additional costs from persons who make the decision to monitor compliance with the restrictions imposed on technological processes. The use of a single information space to ensure technological processes at the airport allows you to reduce the time to find and implement the optimal actions of the airport management, and thereby reduce the risks of a significant decrease in flight safety in the area of responsibility of the airport.

Reviewing the Potential and Constraints of Modified Technology Options for Faecal Sludge Management in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Cities in the developing world face the challenge of safe management of faecal sludge because of rapid population growth that overwhelms the sanitation infrastructure and services. In developing countries, only 50% of faecal sludge (FS) generated is safely managed the remaining portion is haphazardly disposed of in the environment risking public health and environment. In response to the urgent need for safely managed sanitation services, technological options for containment, desludging and transportation of FS are being modified. This paper reviewed current desludging practices and the potential of modified technological options for addressing FSM at containment, desludging, and transportation in Dar es Salaam unplanned urban settlements. The paper reviewed; water seal squat pan, Urine Diversion Dry Toilet (UDDT), split slabs, pre-installed suction hose, and the container-based sanitation (CBS) for containment stage. Others are the hand tools, sludge digger, the excrevator, rammer, and the eVac for desludging; and small pick-up truck and motorized tricycle and transfer stations for transfer and transportation of FS. Based on technical feasibility, social and environmental context of Dar es Salaam, the reviewed modified technology options have the potential of addressing FSM challenges in unplanned urban settlements in Dar es Salaam. However, institutional arrangement particularly the absence of the modified technologies in the menu of recommended technological options affects their upscaling. Paradoxically, most of the technologies have not been vigorously tried in the field to inform policy choice. Improvement of FSM with the application of modified technological options will require improvement in enabling environment for their operation and continuous modification. The major research gaps have also been identified in this review.

Multiple repair scenario of life cycle cost of RCC girder bridge using Markov chain model

At present, many road authorities in the world face challenges in condition monitoring diagnosis of distress and forecasting deterioration, strengthening and convalescence of aging bridge structures. The accurate prediction of the future condition is crucial for optimizing the maintenance activities. It is very tough to predict the actual performance scenario or actual in–situ structures without carrying out inspection. Limited availability of detailed inspection data is considered as one of the major drawbacks in developing deterioration models. In State Based Markov deterioration (SNMD) modelling, the main job is to estimate transition probability matrixes (TPMs). In this paper, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is used to estimate TPMs. In Markov Chain Model, future conditions depend on only present bridge inspection data. Multiple repair options are adopted in order to optimize life cycle cost. Repairs are needed when the critical chloride concentration exceeds 0.2. Three distinct types of cost corresponding to each repair option is considered. The objective of this paper is to minimize the life cycle cost considering appropriate repair timings of mixed repair methods. Variation of life cycle cost of five different concretes (stronger to weaker) using three different repair option is shown in this paper. For specific normalized condition of concrete’s failure probability (0.3) and specific type of concrete, variation of life cycle cost using multiple repair options is also shown in this paper.

The Right to a Nationality and the Right to Adequate Housing An Analysis of the Intersection of Two Largely ‘Invisible’ Human Rights Violations

Millions of individuals around the world face challenges enjoying their right to a nationality, and millions more face challenges enjoying their right to adequate housing. While these human rights violations are recognised in general terms, little research has considered the extent to which these human rights abuses intersect as stateless persons face violations of specific socioeconomic rights, especially the right to adequate housing. This research attempts to fill that gap. This analysis explores the term adequate housing and the various legal instruments that enshrine this right, as well as the unique challenges faced by stateless persons in its enjoyment. This research argues that states have failed to respect, protect and fulfil the right to adequate housing for stateless persons in a number of contexts and that these failures are particularly acute for stateless persons with additional marginalised identities, which can then result in additional human rights violations. This analysis examines how previous policy solutions have failed to adequately consider the unique needs of inadequately housed stateless persons and calls attention to the need for more holistic and inclusive approaches to realise the right to adequate housing for all, which must include stateless persons.

History's Value to Conflict and Security Studies in Africa

States and societies around the world face conflicts and security problems. None can be indifferent to the phenomena of violence, terrorism, and the deaths of hundreds and thousands of people. An i...

Impact of Glass Ceiling on Stress, Well-Being, Self-Esteem, Effective Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction among Working Women

Even though there is a considerable increase in participation and subsistence of women employees in the workforce, the ingress of women into higher managerial positions remains restricted. Numerous studies have confirmed this fact that women in India and around the world face the problem of the glass ceiling and glass cliff. The researcher wants to throw the light on the need of equality which is only seen in policies practices but the fact is females are not taken as healthy competitor of male in professional role due to the social taboo & how these things are affecting their performance, job satisfaction, work-life balances, stress level & their confidence. The purpose of this research is to find about the how much such kind of things creates problems in the life of female & the members related with them and to understanding the effects of gender discrimination on working female & its effects on their job satisfaction. For this purpose, the data has been collected from 800 women employees who are working in different private and government organizations through a semi-structured questionnaire. Results also confirmed that women employees are under stress most of the time and this leads to low self-esteem, low well-being, low organizational commitment and also low job satisfaction among them.

Демократичні цінності перед викликом російської зовнішньої політики

The current geopolitical challenges to international security require finding adequate responses to the changing world. Democratic values are the result of humanity's long journey to self-respect. Their institutional consolidation has underpinned the comprehensive gains of human civilization over the last two hundred years. The process of asserting democratic values was not straightforward and unequivocal. The Western world's commitment to these common values ensured the destruction of totalitarian regimes, at least in Europe, at the end of the twentieth century. Studying the value dimension of international relations in the face of the current Russian aggression is of paramount importance. Fierce challenges to common democratic values have made the democratic world face the issue of finding an adequate response to the Russian aggressive policy. The prospect of stopping the Russian invasion and the future victory over the aggressor is possible only through the consolidation of the West on the basis of shared liberal democratic values.

THE TIME IS ALREADY HERE: Tax Administrations in Digital Evolution

Tax administrations around the world face a new era of digital evolution. Tax policy is one of the most important policies of each country, so the time of new digital challenges cannot be ignored. Tax administrations have a huge amount of information that needs to be safe, confidential and disposed of in accordance with regulations and prescribed procedures. In addition to collecting tax revenues, one of the tasks of the tax administration is to serve taxpayers. In digital era, they try to ease the administrative burden on taxpayers using new technologies. New technologies are also used for the purpose of preventing tax frauds and determining the risk of taxpayers. What kinds of new technologies will be used by tax administrations depends on their estimate, but cannot be overlooked if they want to be efficient in their work. Tax legislation is also faced with new challenges such as the occurrence of crypto currency. The subject of this article is the emphasis on the possibilities of applying new technologies in tax administrations, the relationship between tax legislation and technology, the possibilities of digitization and the consideration of crypto currency issues.

PERNIKAHAN DINI DI INDONESIA

Child marriage is one of the big problems occur in the world. It has been set up in Millenium Development Goals, either Sustainable Development Goals point 5. Almost every country in the world face the same problem, as well as Indonesia. Indonesia is among the 10 countries with the largest number in aged 20-24 married before 18 years old. Otherwise, Indonesian law has regulated about child marriage in Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinian, however the number is still high. This research aims to know the level of child marriage in Indonesia and the causes.

Motivating Growth in Low-tech Manufacturing Industries

Intensive manual labor enterprises in the developed world face challenges competing with products imported from countries where manufacturing costs are low. This reduces the volume of domestic production and leads to rapid loss of knowledge and experience in production processes. This study focuses on the Israeli footwear industry as a case study. Qualitative methodologies were applied, including in-depth interviews and field observations. A literature review on previous research, and contemporary trends was conducted. The field research examines challenges along the value chain in small factories. It finds that mass production paradigms impose a decentralized process between designers and manufacturers and therefore do not leverage local potential into a sustainable competitive advantage for small factories. The proposed solution is a digital and technological platform for small manufacturing plants. The platform mediates and designs the connections between production, technology, and design and enables the creation of a joint R&D system.

Transforming Schools in Low-Resourced Communities into Enabling Environments by Adjusting the Curriculum

Low-resourced communities across the world face chronic and cumulative adversity that often lacks clear solutions. This adversity manifests itself in various institutions including schools. Professional resources to address this adversity, for example, bullying, poor academic performance, teenage pregnancy, inclusivity, in low-resourced communities, and elsewhere, are insufficient or undermine community partnerships by being highly individualised and disenabling. In this article, the author argues that so far interventions to close the achievement gap in dysfunctional schools have not been at the curriculum level. To address this gap, he proposes the use of the relationship-resourced resilience (RRR) model developed by Liesel Ebersöhn as generative theory. The theory posits that disadvantaged communities can make a difference if the curriculum is sufficiently flexible to accommodate community partnerships. In this article, he argues for a flexible curriculum that accommodates members of the community and teachers as co-creators of knowledge rather than mere transmitters and customers of knowledge.

Avoidable hospitalization in Milan’s metropolitan area: inequalities and comparison with OECD cities

Abstract Background The largest cities on the world face the unprecedented challenge of meeting the needs of a population that lives longer, has declining birthrates, and is altering the demographic profile on which social welfare programs have long been premised. This work is part of an international project aimed at comparing health and social care systems in megacities worldwide. We study access to healthcare in the metropolitan area of Milan to quantify avoidable hospital care and social inequalities within this world city, and compare Milan with other OECD megacities. Methods Two sources of data are combined: individual-level hospital discharge data to measure hospitalization for ambulatory-care sensitive conditions (ACSC), and municipality-level data collected from the national office for statistics. First, we performed an ecological analysis using a linear model for ACSC hospitalization rates to detect the risk factors in the municipality where the patient resides. Then, to identify both individual and area-level variations in population health, we use multilevel logistic regression model. Results Age-adjusted ACSC hospitalization rates continuously declined from 2005 to 2016, from 16% to 10.7%. Municipality-level risk factors include proportion of residents aged 65+ and proportion of foreigner residents. The individual-level predictors of ACSC hospitalization include being male, being single, having co-morbidities and low education. This association is only modestly attenuated when patient’s area-level characteristics are accounted. Conclusions We observed declining trends in ACSC hospitalizations and identified some patient’s as well as area-level characteristics related to avoidable hospitalization. Understanding whether ACSC hospitalization has dropped due to improvements in population health and access to healthcare or as part of the overall reduction in hospitalization rates needs to be further explored. Key messages Effective primary care can reduce hospitalization for preventable and chronic conditions. This work identifies individual and ecological factors related to avoidable hospitalization in urban settings. Policies to improve access to healthcare, tackle inequalities and reduce hospitalization costs may be more effective if targeted on individuals considering and the environment in which they live.

Multimedia Compression Techniques for Streaming

With the growing popularity of streaming content, streaming platforms have emerged that offer content in resolutions of 4k, 2k, HD etc. Some regions of the world face a terrible network reception. Delivering content and a pleasant viewing experience to the users of such locations becomes a challenge. audio/video streaming at available network speeds is just not feasible for people at those locations. The only way is to reduce the data footprint of the concerned audio/video without compromising the quality. For this purpose, there exists algorithms and techniques that attempt to realize the same. Fortunately, the field of compression is an active one when it comes to content delivering. With a lot of algorithms in the play, which one actually delivers content while putting less strain on the users' network bandwidth? This paper carries out an extensive analysis of present popular algorithms to come to the conclusion of the best algorithm for streaming data. Both audio and video compression are put under scrutiny and are compared on various aspects prime to delivery of data.