World Face Research Articles

Prediction of geothermal wells location and hot water temperature using machine learning

With the world facing difficulties like global warming there is need to curb down the use of renewable sources to a certain extent and employ the use of systems which use non-renewable energy sources more. In this paper we try to predict the surface temperature because the geothermal wells are highly dependent on surface temperature. Moreover, we conducted another experiment where we predicted hot water temperature coming out of the heat pumps. These two experiments were conducted keeping in mind the need of renewable energy and how geothermal wells as well as heat pumps can be beneficial to the human generation. The algorithms implemented for both the experiments were Support Vector Machines and Random Forest algorithm due to their higher efficiency and better accuracy as compared to other regression models. The output will be in the form of Root Mean Square error (RMSE) and accuracy for both of these algorithms in order to predict surface temperature. RMSE tells actual difference between actual and predicted values that can be really helpful for prediction. These models can then be used on a larger scale if the output comes better for larger datasets provided pre-processing steps are being properly carried out.

Impact of the foliar application of potassium nanofertilizer on biomass, yield, nitrogen assimilation and photosynthetic activity in green beans

The agricultural areas of the world face problems that create difficulties when producing food and the excessive use of fertilizers is generating a negative environmental impact. An alternative that appears as a solution to this problem is the use of nanofertilizers. Within nanofertilizers an area of opportunity is the application of macronutrients, which report an increase in absorption efficiency of 19% compared to conventional fertilizers. Potassium (K) is one of the three macronutrients most used in agriculture and its deficiency affects key processes in plant development, limiting crop production. However, the number of publications where K is used as a nanofertilizer is limited, despite this, products in this form are already on the market. Therefore, the aim of this research work was to study the effect of the foliar application of K nanofertilizer on biomass, yield, nitrogen assimilation and photosynthetic activity in green beans cv. ‘Strike’. K was applied in the form of a nanofertilizer in doses of 0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm. The biomass accumulation, yield, nitrate reductase enzyme activity, photosynthetic activity and photosynthetic pigments were evaluated. The dose of 100 ppm of K nanofertilizer obtained a higher accumulation of biomass, nitrate reductase activity, photosynthetic activity, SPAD values and total chlorophyll content. While the 200-ppm dose obtained a higher increase in yield. The results obtained suggest that the application of K nanofertilizers benefits the physiological development of plants. However, more studies are required to compare the application of nanofertilizers with traditional fertilizers.

Contextualising coastal management and adaptation: Examining situated practices and path dependencies in Ireland and Germany

In the context of climate change, coastal areas around the world face multiple interrelated challenges. A range of ‘international best practice’ approaches have been proposed to address these, including concepts such as integrated coastal zone management, ecosystem-based management and managed retreat. However, such supposedly mobile and transferable approaches often fail to properly account for the differences between local contexts, leading to implementation failures. In response, this paper mobilises the conceptual lenses of ‘situated practices’ and ‘path dependencies’ to demonstrate how the emergence and evolution of approaches to planning in coastal communities can generate policy trajectories that constrain the latitude for alternative options. The paper explores the trajectories of coastal planning on the island of Sylt in Germany and Castlemaine Harbour in Ireland. It identifies important path dependencies associated with institutional inertia, collective memories of past hazards and management strategies, the legacies of previous coastal management measures and of coastal development, and the importance of property relations. Overall, the analysis highlights the importance of appreciating the local and historical distinctiveness of coastal areas and communities. It shows that critical attention to context and creating inclusive fora for debate is required to advance climate change adaptation measures that offer opportunities to unlock historically anchored path dependencies which hamper flexibility and reduce resilience.

Depth and habitat are important drivers of abundance for predatory reef fish off Pemba Island, Tanzania

Coral reefs across the world face significant threats from fishing and climate change, which tends to be most acute in shallower waters. This is the case off Pemba Island, Tanzania, yet the effects of these anthropogenic stressors on the distribution and abundance of economically and ecologically important predatory reef fish, including how they vary with depth and habitat type, is poorly understood. Thus, we deployed 79 baited remote underwater videos (BRUVs) in variable water depths and habitats off Pemba Island, and modeled the effects of depth and habitat on abundance of predatory reef fish. Predatory reef fish types/taxa were significantly predicted by depth and habitat types. Habitats in relatively deeper waters and dominated by hard and soft corals hosted high species richness and abundance of predatory reef fish types/taxa compared to mixed sandy and rubble habitats. The findings add to the growing evidence that deep waters around coral reefs are important habitats for predatory reef fish. Thus, careful management, through effective area and species protection measures, is needed to prevent further depletion of predatory reef-associated fish populations and to conserve this biologically important area.

Escaping the Labyrinth of Bioinspiration: Biodiversity as Key to Successful Product Innovation

AbstractNature provides an infinite source of inspiration for innovative designs that may be required to tackle the social, economic, and environmental challenges the world faces. Despite the surging popularity and prevalence, the discipline of bioinspiration is limited in unleashing its full potential by the inadequate understanding of biological and evolutionary concepts, often leading to suboptimal solutions and a lack of further development toward successful products. Here, the constraints and limitations that pose potential pitfalls for bioinspiration, but are generally overlooked by most practitioners of bioinspiration, are discussed. It is highlighted that an awareness of biodiversity is key to address this issue, and ultimately to the successful application of bioinspiration in general. Furthermore, a practical approach to the analysis of biodiversity information is provided and attention is drawn to opportunities for improving the translation of biological knowledge into innovative solutions. Primary emphasis is placed on direct bioinspired product innovations, though many of the concepts central to the ideas are applicable to the wider domain of bioinspired materials science, chemical, and systems engineering, among others. With this perspective, the guiding thread that will enable to escape the labyrinth of bioinspiration and follow the right track to successful innovation is brought back.

COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Effects on the Usage of Information Technologies in the Construction Industry: The Case of Romania

The COVID-19 pandemic has made the world face a whole new reality, and the measures taken for slowing the spread of the disease included social distancing, as well as national, regional, or local lockdowns and restrictions regarding the movement of people. For such an important sector of the Romanian economy as the construction industry, the restrictive measures imposed by the authorities led to postponing, delaying, or stopping the current projects. This paper aims at investigating the main effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Romanian construction sector, as well as the role of the digitalization process in mitigating the negative impact on the companies activating in this domain, in the context of the current levels of use of information technologies. The research involved the use of qualitative (exploratory in-depth interviews) and quantitative (online surveys applied to members of the local building sector, such as engineers, architects, contractors, and managers) data collection methods, respectively descriptive statistics for data categorization and interpretation. In general, the Romanian construction sector was only slightly affected, with the most significant negative effects being the delays and cost overrun due to safety and health issues. This paper is one of the first studies to explore and assess the effects of COVID-19 on the Romanian construction industry and the role of digitalization in reducing the pandemic impact. The main findings reveal that the companies in this industry that have a high digitalization degree overpassed in a smoother manner the current pandemic situation.

LEAF DISEASE DETECTION USING DEEP LEARNING MODELS

The major problem that the farmers around the world face is losses due to mites, infection or a nutriment inadequacy. The farmers rely on the facts that they get from the agricultural departments for the diagnosis of plant leaf infection. This is a complicated job. The current work on leaf-based image classification has shown remarkable results.The suggested system helps in recognition of plant disease and provides remedies that can be used as a defense mechanism to counter the disease. The data acquired from the world wide is properly segregated and the different plant species are identified and are renamed to form a proper database then obtain test-database which consists of various plant diseases that are used for checking the accuracy and reliancedegree of the work. The suggestedapproach is proficient of detecting the disease of majorly 5 crops that are maize, sugarcane, wheat, and grape. In this research paper, the suggested system implements the MobileNet model, a sort of Convolutional Neural Network for classification of leaf disease.We have implemented Convolution Neural Network (CNN) which comprises of variousstages which are used for prediction. An architype drone prototype is also constructed which can be used for live coverage of large agricultural landswhere a close-up picture capturing camera lens is attached and will capture images of the plants which will act as input for the program, based on which the software tells us whether the plant is fit or not. Our software and the model for training have reached a precision level of 78%. In the proposed research work the code designed provides the name of the plant species with the remedy that can be taken as a cure.

Cardiac Symptoms in Disguise; The Potential Effects of Covid-19 on Heart Tissues and the need for Warning Cardiologists

Healthcare professionals throughout the world face a brand-new issue as SARS-CoV-2, a newly discovered coronavirus, spreads around the world. The study's primary goal is to find out how COVID-19 affects cardiac patients, as well as any potential effects on heart tissue and whether cardiologists should be notified. Faisalabad Medical University conducted this descriptive investigation between September 2021 and December 2021. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science articles published up to June 20th, 2021, were used in this inquiry. Also checked for additional relevant research were referenced references from previously published articles and reviews. People with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) have a greater vulnerability to contracting COVID-19, and as a result, their condition is more severe, and their prognosis is worse. Several risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) hurt the health of these individuals, but they do not appear to increase the chance of infection. The prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension in 1527 COVID-19 patients was 9.7 percent, 16.4 percent, and 17.1 percent, respectively, according to a meta-analysis of six published studies from China. Patients with COVID-19 are more likely to have pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or develop new heart dysfunction throughout their illness, based on the illness's striking clinical presentation and its considerable burden. Keywords: COVID-19, CVD, Patients, Effect

DISTANCE LANGUAGE LEARNING AS SCHOOL LEARNERS PERCEIVE IT

Abstract. Introduction. The school breakdown in spring 2020 made both teachers and learners all overthe world face new challenges: how to cope with distance learning (DL). It was not simple even in the welldeveloped countries. In Ukraine teachers tried to find different solutions. This period was a sudden but hugestep towards implementing ICT into the learning process. Purpose. The aim of the present study was to get aninsight into the way learners see distance learning, to hear their opinion and see their attidude to this form ofeducation, the difficulties and challenges they encountered during this period in the learning process in generaland in foreign language (FL) learning in particular. The focus was made on the learning habits, motivation,assessment, applications used, time spent on learning and stress students might have experienced. Methods.An online questionnaire containing closed-ended and open-ended questions was compiled and filled in bylearners of the upper grades of different schools. The data analysis was interpretive and statistical. Results.The material was sent mainly in the form of written text or video links and recordings via Messenger, emailor Google Classroom, very few online lessons were held. Most learners had difficulties; the most problematicarea in FL learning was grammar. Feedback and assessment were mainly in written form. The attitude tolearning was quite serious, learners developed their digital skills but some became demotivated. It was moretime-consuming, more difficult but less stressful and also less effective than face-to-face learning. Conclusion.Despite all the difficulties faced learners developed learner autonomy, digital skills and gained experience ina new form of learning that can be useful for them in their future studies as in the digital age DL is gainingground worldwide.

Legal basis and practical dimensions of humanitarian aid and civil protection provided by the European Union

The article focuses on presenting the legal basis and practical dimensions of humanitarian aid and civil protection provided by the European Union in the face of world`s contemporary problems. The humanitarian aid and civil protection provided by the European Union is based on a solid legal foundation, as well as a set of concrete principles and common objectives. In the context of ever-increasing humanitarian needs and limited resources, the EU, together with its Member States and humanitarian partners, will seek a more coordinated and coherent approach to providing help, where humanitarian aid and development aid are interrelated, allowing current needs to be more efficiently addressed. EU-funded assistance is delivered in different forms, depending on the circumstances and unique character of each emergency. What remains the same, however, are the values that guide the Union and that are required from its aid partners, i.e.: humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and independence. The European Union continues to be a leader in the field of humanitarian aid around the world, being not only the main donor, but also setting standards for compliance with international humanitarian law and humanitarian principles.

Machine learning model for predicting the length of stay in the intensive care unit for Covid-19 patients in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia

The COVID-19 virus has spread rapidally throughout the world. Managing resources is one of the biggest challenges that healthcare providers around the world face during the pandemic. Allocating the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) beds' capacity is important since COVID-19 is a respiratory disease and some patients need to be admitted to the hospital with an urgent need for oxygen support, ventilation, and/or intensive medical care. In the battle against COVID-19, many governments utilized technology, especially Artificial Intelligence (AI), to contain the pandemic and limit its hazardous effects. In this paper, Machine Learning models (ML) were developed to help in detecting the COVID-19 patients’ need for the ICU and the estimated duration of their stay. Four ML algorithms were utilized: Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Ensemble models were trained and validated on a dataset of 895 COVID-19 patients admitted to King Fahad University hospital in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The conducted experiments show that the Length of Stay (LoS) in the ICU can be predicted with the highest accuracy by applying the RF model for prediction, as the achieved accuracy was 94.16%. In terms of the contributor factors to the length of stay in the ICU, correlation results showed that age, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), nasal oxygen support days are the top related factors. By searching the literature, there is no published work that used the Saudi Arabia dataset to predict the need for ICU with the number of days needed. This contribution is hoped to pave the path for hospitals and healthcare providers to manage their resources more efficiently and to help in saving lives.

Future-proofing imperatives for remote online teaching, learning and student support in the context of pandemic change and beyond: A case for South African higher education transformation

South Africa’s Plan for Higher Education identified equity and redress as key objectives guiding institutional transformation. This encompasses granting individuals fair opportunities to enter higher education and succeed therein. The COVID-19 pandemic which abruptly disrupted the 2020 academic year highlighted several challenges which have implications for student success. Academic continuity in the form of online learning was pursued by most higher education institutions. However, the remoteness of rural communities, which typifies the home environments for many South African students, threatened to exclude such students from online learning activities. The lack of access to digital devices as well as reliable internet connectivity in many of these communities impacted students’ ability to engage in online learning as well as access campus-based support services. The imposed lockdown therefore caused heightened anxiety and feelings of isolation from academic activities amongst the South African student population. Since access to on-campus support systems was no longer possible, student wellness and ongoing academic engagement was potentially compromised. Increasingly, the mental health cost of remote learning was becoming apparent, with higher education institutions compelled to rethink how student support services are delivered. In the absence of face-to-face support services during the hard lock-down period, the emergent need was to identify new ways of reaching out to displaced students who may be experiencing both academic and personal distress under conditions of daunting technological changes and virtual forms of engagement, social isolation, socio-economic disadvantage and psycho-social stressors. While blended learning and hybrid forms of holistic student support were accelerated by the advent of the Covid-19 pandemic, the blended approach has become an indelible reality of Higher Education that is here to stay. As such, reflections on how student support services at universities in South Africa have adapted and need to continuously evolve in the face of an uncertain world, is both timely and necessary if the goal of promoting equal access and success in Higher Education – for all - is to be fully realized.

An Integrated Decision-Making Framework Based on Many-Objective Brain Storming Optimization for Urban Drainage System Design

Many cities around the world face the flooding management problems as extreme rainfall events have become more frequent. It’s of great practical significance to design an effective urban drainage system (UDS) to improve the stormwater runoff quality. An integrated decision-making analysis framework based on many-objective brain storm optimization is proposed to make the optimal design of UDS. Firstly, a generic mathematical model is presented considering five objectives simultaneously. Secondly, an effective many-objective brain storm optimization based on local region dominance (DRP) is designed as the solver of the model and a set of Pareto-optimal solutions are obtained. Thirdly, two kinds of multi-attribute decision analysis methods are introduced to rank the Pareto-optimal solutions. Fourthly, the comparison experiments of a case study with three multi-objective evolutionary algorithms show the promising performance of the integrated decision-making framework and the corresponding optimization algorithm.

Assessing Energy Efficiency Measures for Hydraulic Systems using a Digital Twin

As manufacturing companies around the world face the challenge of reducing CO2 emissions and achieving their climate goals, increasing energy efficiency provides a promising solution while potentially reducing costs. Hydraulic systems are used in a wide range of applications such as heating, ventilation, air conditioning or machine tools and account for approximately 11 % of the electric energy demand in the German industry in 2017. Furthermore, up to 25 million tons of CO2 are emitted annually in Germany as a result of their operation. Against this background, the following paper aims to increase the energy efficiency of hydraulic systems through automated assessment of energy efficiency measures during system operation. Therefore, we present a modular approach for real-time assessing of energy efficiency measures using a digital twin, which contains an expert system combined with real-time simulation models. To detect inefficiencies without time consuming analysis and substantial user expertise, the expert system automatically identifies system leakage and increased flow resistance using a multi-output regression model. Finally, the expert system aims at engaging operators to implement energy efficiency measures by quantifying their respective energy saving potentials. The proposed measures are applied to the virtual representation of a hydraulic system in real-time. Therefore, a Modelica simulation model is developed, which is exported as a functional mock-up unit (FMU) and integrated into a Python framework. If measures lead to an improvement in energy efficiency, these are recommended to the operator. The overall concept is validated using a physical hydraulic system within the ETA Research Factory. The validation of the prototype shows that the developed approach can be applied to industrial applications and help in reducing their energy consumption.

ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ У БЮДЖЕТНОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ УКРАЇНИ

The article reveals the need to identify the specifics of evaluating the effectiveness of the state administration of the socio-cultural sphere, as well as giving propositions for the improvement of this process. Public administration is a complex system that performs public functions and tasks. The concepts of "public administration" and "efficiency of public administration" are considered. The efficiency of public administration in the context of the budget process is analyzed, taking into account the degree of compliance of the results achieved and the goals and objectives. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to analyze the budget process of the budget program. The main tasks of the Budget Code of Ukraine are to create the necessary conditions for further development of program-targeted method of development in the budget process on the basis of medium-term budget planning, improving public financial control with increasing responsibility of budget participants, strengthening the financial base of local budgets. Local budgets, starting with the drafting of local budgets, use the program-target method in the budget process. One of the components of this is the method of evaluating the effectiveness of the budget program. Evaluating the effectiveness of the budget program is one of the options for an auxiliary tool to control budget expenditures and strengthen the responsibility of managers for spending budget funds. Many countries around the world face the problem of lack of resources and the need for their efficient allocation and use to best meet the needs of the population. In these conditions, it is extremely important to ensure the allocation of budget funds, primarily for the implementation of priority programs, as well as the redistribution of resources that are not used or used inefficiently. The main problem is the lack of a comprehensive and holistic definition of management effectiveness, which fully reveals its essence and the complexity of the assessment requires, which requires the use of new methods of its implementation. The problem of public administration efficiency remains open. The analysis of works allows to identify problems that require additional study and a new stage in research, first of all, a comprehensive, holistic definition of management effectiveness, which fully reveals its essence, lack of a set of common methods for evaluating the effectiveness of management. its implementation.

Laat zwarte meisjes kinderen zijn: een verkenning naar de geleefde ervaringen van vijftien zwarte Nederlandse vrouwen met adultificatie, en de verwevenheid met misogynoir

Black women all over the world face racism and sexism on a daily basis. The anti-black and misogynistic racism targeting black women is called misogynoir (Bailey 2016). In misogynoir, stereotypes on the sexuality and bodies of black women are decisive. This also negatively affects the lives of black girls. In this article I argue that for black girls, misogynoir is reflected in the form of adultification. Black girls are often judged and treated as black women, based on unjustified assumptions about their behavior and body. Adults may see them as more independent, more sexually active and as less innocent than their white peers: as bodies that need less support and protection (Blake and Epstein 2019; Epstein, Blake and González 2017). Fifteen in-depth interviews with black Dutch women shed light on their experiences with adultification in their past, and the intertwining with misogynoir in society. As black girls, the respondents experienced that they were wrongly labeled by adults as mentally mature, sexually active and guilty. It became clear that childhood innocence is not granted to black girls. This applies in particular to the respondents who have experienced adultification and sexual violence, as they relate this to each other. This article represents a first step in illustrating how misogynoir is reflected in the narratives about adultification and the disparate treatment of black girls and women in the Netherlands.

Кросс-культурный менеджмент в сложившейся культуре коммуникаций

The globalization of business, promotion of economic interests in the markets of other countries, the processes of unification and creation of a common economic space require knowledge of national customs and national culture. Culture is, above all, predictability. Acquiring ability to understand and use the peculiarities of national cultures, interpersonal communications and business ethics in global business is an important task of cross-cultural management. The success of international companies in providing high-quality products and services depends, on the one hand, on growing dynamics of the economic environment and, on the other hand, on adoption of international quality standards and procedures. As the market becomes more global, the products and services offered by international companies around the world face the challenges of a multicultural environment. These issues manifest themselves not only at the level of customer relations, but also deep inside companies, at the level of employees. The paper characterizes cross-cultural management and identifies the barriers that arise in the way of its successful implementation. In the course of further work, the authors consider main directions of modern solutions in the field of cross-cultural personnel management. Intercultural management is, first of all, the creation and application of technologies for managing cultural diversity in the context of globalization, successfully operating in different cultures in order to prevent intercultural conflicts. The proposed solutions include development of intercultural competencies, training of global managers in key aspects of intercultural interaction, the introduction and active use of advanced digital technologies, as well as the construction of a knowledge management system with deployment of publicly available databases and the expansion of their analytical capabilities at the national, regional and international levels. The authors note that cultural knowledge management is crucial for success in developing and maintaining long-term business relationships in a multicultural environment. Knowledge management provides necessary technological support for cross-cultural management in terms of improving knowledge sharing in multinational companies and the effective use of knowledge in international joint ventures.

Control of traffic congestion by improving the rings and optimizing the phase lengths of traffic lights with the help of anylogic

The article discusses problems and methods of optimizing congestion on the roads the city of Krasnoyarsk. All major megapolises of the world face the problems of car congestion, residents of cities are in kilometer traffic jams, which worsens the environment in their zone of residence. On the other problem, to get the right point, drivers wake up earlier, wait in traffic jams, getting to work, which in turn worsens the driver’s condition. Because of this, road accidents can occur, which subsequently give rise to new traffic jams. Theoretical models similar to a car accident and consequences for the flow of cars will be considered. The road situation is deteriorating before the ring traffic, many ring roads were designed decades ago and can no longer pass a sufficient number of cars that are available in megapolises. City roundabouts require modernization with the help of, which can increase the capacity on a certain section of the road. The article will consider: the existing ring, the same ring that will be with a traffic light to improve the flow on a certain road and the proposed idea of upgrading with increased capacity, as well as a capacity optimization system. The article will consider: the existing ring, the same ring that will be with a traffic light to improve the flow on a certain road and the proposed idea of modernization with increased throughput, as well as a capacity optimization system, by maximizing the number of passing cars at the intersection.

Towards a national platform for Australia’s islands

Islands are important for maintaining a range of biodiversity, cultural and economic values. However, islands around the world face major and complex conservation challenges, often shared across multiple islands. The variety of tenures and uses also means there is a lack of coordination in policy and management. Addressing these challenges requires sharing lessons of success and failure. To facilitate knowledge-sharing, we need to develop common frameworks, platforms, guidelines and legislation to devise, advise and support actions and collaborations aimed to enhance island conservation. These need to consider both human needs and biodiversity, interactions, research, practice, and information sharing across islands. Pathways may include knowledge, data and experience sharing to ensure that cross-State and Territory coordination can disseminate the lessons learned from island projects to island stakeholders and vice versa. We discuss examples of existing organisational management structures that can potentially form the basis for a timely new platform focusing on Australia’s islands. We propose an island alliance be established as a multi-disciplinary platform to improve coordination among Australia’s islands, and to represent Australia’s environmental island challenges and solutions. Such an alliance would aim to bridge island communities, practitioners, managers, researchers and cultural advisors across diverse and complementary spheres along the continuum from biodiversity and ecosystems to people and social entrepreneurship. This alliance would have a mandate to develop national environmental collaborations, research and standards relating to island environments, facilitate business entrepreneurship with complementary outcomes to manage the threats that face Australian islands, and contribute to improving biodiversity conservation outcomes. The platform would draw together practitioners, natural and social scientists, policymakers, and importantly indigenous and non-Indigenous island communities to lead innovative collaborations and support Australian islands.

White War, Black Soldiers: Two African Accounts of World War I

One of the perennial challenges that Anglophone scholars of the Francophone world face is finding sources translated from French so they can be assigned to university students, and particularly undergraduates. With the ever-growing, and in my view welcome, pressure universities are facing to ‘decolonise’ their curriculum and introduce more subaltern, or really just non-European, voices and perspectives into the classroom the need has arguably never been greater for more sources to be translated into English. With this background, I was very pleased to receive, and read, a copy of White War, Black Soldiers: Two African Accounts of World War I. Translated by Nancy Erber and William Peniston, this volume contains two previously untranslated stories written by Senegalese veterans of the First World War. At the outset, I must admit: I’m not sure how enlightening either account really is. The first, Bakary Diallo’s Force-Bonté (Strength and Goodness) is...