World Face Research Articles

Challenges in Burn Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Scoping Review.

Objective: The aim of this review is to map and summarize the experiences of various burn centers worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to enable future strategies with regard to the most effective measures in burn care during pandemics and to detect possible gaps in knowledge. Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a major impact on economies, social interactions, and health systems worldwide. Burn units all over the world face a new challenge in maintaining the care of acute burn wounds and follow-up treatments while dealing with constantly changing regulations. Infrastructural changes, the establishment of efficient triage systems, protective measures, personnel resources, in addition to the maintenance of efficient patient care and the guarantee of supply chains, are challenging tasks to be addressed. This review provides an overview of recent developments regarding different strategies and methods used by burn units worldwide to safely overcome the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Publications were screened for the following key terms: burns, burn injuries, thermal injuries, burn center, burn unit, burn ward, in combination with COVID-19, COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, Corona, and Coronavirus. Articles dealing with the management of burn units during the pandemic were further analyzed and included. Results: Of the 136 publications, 10 were considered relevant to the key question and were included in the present review. Results were divided into six major topics, such as infrastructural and personnel management, triaging, severe burns and emergencies, elective surgeries, patient and visitor management, and outpatient management. Conclusion: Only a few studies about managing burn units during the COVID-19 pandemic have been published. Personnel resources and equipment needed to be redistributed to cope with country-specific challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic and to maintain adequate burn care. Since all of these articles refer to the period of the initial outbreak, a lack of clinical studies exists regarding the prevention measures taken by burn units during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we identified gaps in knowledge about the impact of implemented measures on burn patient outcomes in the published literature. Further studies are mandatory in order to provide generally applicable guidelines regarding COVID-19 prevention measures at a burn unit.

Multiple Discrimination and Its Consequences for the Mental Health of Ethnic Minorities

Discrimination is a violation of human rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims in Art. 1 the equality of all human beings without distinction as to race, colour, sex, sexual orientation, religion, age or health. International law assigns three main characteristics to discrimination: disadvantageous treatment, based on unlawful grounds, and lack of reasonable and objective justification. Thus, it must be based on an unlawful characteristic: Ethnicity, religion, national or social origin, language, physical appearance, descent, gender, sexual orientation, age or disability. A growing body of literature has recognized health disparities and has investigated the relationship between discrimination and poor health outcomes. Ethnic minority groups across the world face social and psychological challenges linked to their minority status, often involving discrimination. Furthermore, cumulative exposure to racial discrimination has incremental negative long-term effects on the mental health of ethnic minority people.Studies that examine exposure to discrimination only at one point in time may underestimate the contribution of racism to poor health. Lower patient-centered care was associated with higher perceptions of discrimination, despite experiences of continuous discrimination or discrimination experienced as different types. Further, dissatisfaction with care was associated with discrimination, particularly when experienced in various forms. These findings reinforce a need for patient-provider communication that is inclusive and eliminates perceptions of discrimination and bias, increases patient-centeredness, and improves overall clinical care. Additionally, these results stress the need for more research investigating the relationship between discrimination and outcomes in patients, as perceived discrimination manifests as a significant barrier to effective disease management.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Evaluating the Impact of Urban Consolidation Center and Off-Hour Deliveries on Freight Flows to a Retail District Using Agent-Based Simulation

With rapid ongoing urbanization, cities across the world face a multitude of challenges in urban logistics. Delivery of goods to retail districts is particularly challenging as these places are typically located in congested urban centers. In response, policy makers have explored various freight management initiatives, including urban consolidation centers (UCC) and off-hour deliveries (OHD). This study examines the impact of these initiatives on freight flows to a retail district in Singapore. The study approach pairs empirical behavioral models and an agent-based simulation. First, using results from a stated preference survey, the choice behavior of two relevant actors—establishments that ship goods and establishments that receive goods within a retail district—and their likelihood of participating in UCC or OHD are analyzed. Then, the resulting behavioral models are incorporated into a city-scale agent-based simulator to evaluate the impact of these initiatives on freight flows, tracking multiple logistics-related performance indicators. The results show that the likelihood of participating in UCC and OHD declines when multiple actors are involved in the participation decision. Both UCC and OHD have the potential to reduce freight traffic and parking demand, although in different ways. For UCC, a minimum level of participation must be achieved to guarantee increase in vehicle load factors. OHD decreases load factors as well as the required number of dedicated trips to the retail district.

Image-Based Text Recognition & Translation Using Machine Learning

Text recognition in images is a research area that aims to create a computer system that can automatically read text from images. There is high demand these days for storing information available in paper document format on a computer storage disc and then reusing this information through the searching process. One simple method for transferring information from paper documents to a computer system is to scan the documents and then save them as images. However, it is extremely difficult to reuse this information by reading the individual contents and searching the contents of these documents line-by-line and word-by-word. The difficulties involved in this are the font characteristics of the characters in paper documents and the image quality. Because of These difficulties, the computer is unable to recognize the characters while reading them. As a result, character recognition mechanisms are required to perform In this paper, we will look at a method for recognizing text from images. The goal of this paper is to recognize text from images for better reader comprehension by employing a specific sequence of different processing modules. Many people in today's world face the problem of language translators. A technology known as machine translation can help to solve this type of problem. This paper proposed machine translation using a recurrent neural network with an attention mechanism, where a recurrent neural network (RNN) is a type of neural network designed to capture information from sequence and time-series data. As human language is one big complex pattern or a complicated pattern, RNN is useful for learning patterns in a given set of data. In machine translation, two recurrent neural networks collaborate to transform one sequence into the other. An encoder network modifies an input sequence in a vector, whereas a decoder network modifies the vector in a new sequence. To improve the previously stated RNN model, we will employ the attention mechanism, which aids in focusing on a specific range of input sequences.

Principal's Leadership Style in Facing the Modern World from the Educational Sociology Perspective at State Elementary School 007 Sangatta Utara

The purpose of this study is to determine the leadership style of school principals in dealing with the modern world from the perspective of the sociology of education, the benefits of this research are beneficial as a reference for principal school leadership to prepare agents of educational change in the face of today's modern world. Modern times all definitely need challenges in the world of education, education must be able to adapt and carry out transformations to keep up with the times, the research used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach, researchers explore data through interviews, with school principals and teachers as well as community members who live in the environment. State Elementary School 007 Sangatta Utara, East Kutai Regency, and from the documentation, the researcher then analyzed the data following the miles style, then by reducing the data after the interview so that less relevant information could be filtered out to near perfection after data reduction then drew conclusions. The findings from the researchers show that there is still a lack of principals in following technological developments, plus the facilities are still inadequate, ideally in schools having 25 computers or laptops and schools do not yet have a computer lab to support school programs so that the program does not run optimally. The principal is very important and must master technology to make it easier for education personnel to control.

Domestic violence in developing countries: An evidence from Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Women all over the world face a multitude of issues daily. Unfortunately, one of the most common and tragic concerns that women face, especially those in third world countries, is domestic violence. This research paper has tried to find out and analyze the trend of domestic violence during this current period of lockdown and social distancing measures, which the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated. During our investigations, a few variables intrigued us; these variables do not lead to a simple, uncomplicated conclusion on the occurrence of domestic violence. On the contrary, the pool of 350 respondents (especially from urban areas), which include homemakers and working women alike, education was one such variable that played a pivotal role in preventing domestic violence. Another variable was the effect of social stigma; because many women have internalized the impact of spousal and familial abuse, most of them find it incredibly difficult, if not impossible, to speak up about the struggles they face. We have made use of logistic regression models to verify the independent variables and their validity.

Employee Background Verification on Blockchain

In any hiring process, verifying the accuracy of the information provided by the recruiter is the first step in establishing compliance with the company and the employee. For the same reason, miles are too sensitive to make a complete history check for each hired student, without exemption. The study record reveals that employers around the world face a huge loss annually due to misrepresentation of confidential information by hired applicants. Particularly in India, it has been reported that one in six applicants misrepresents themselves. Such alarming data has accelerated the search and visibility of historical experiments in recent years. With the global transformation of the job market, it is very difficult to get a job in a company. People use their curriculum vitae with incorrect details to find the process. International organizations are investing closely to verify the historical facts of job applicants. However, the background verification process completed by those organizations is expensive, time-consuming, and inefficient. To address this issue, we have introduced a powerful response to the use of Design Science Research Methodology where the hash values of all application files offered by multiple companies are stored within the consortium blockchain. Details of the applicant's process can be established at a specific time in the hiring process by checking the hash file value given the document hash value that will be available within the blockchain. This method can be efficient, time-consuming, and cost-effective to include all types of companies.

Resilience and Social Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts in Small-Scale Fisheries

Small-cale fisheries are important for livelihoods, food security, jobs and income worldwide. However, they face major challenges, including the increasing effects of climate change that pose serious risks to coastal ecosystems and fishing communities. Although scientific research on climate change impacts has increased in recent years, few studies have explored the social impacts on small-scale fisheries. Using Galicia (Spain) as a case study, we investigated individual and household-level adaptive responses to climate change among fishers in three fishing guilds (Cambados, Campelo, and Redondela). Specifically, we estimated the economic vulnerability of shellfishers and assessed the diversity of social adaptive responses used to deal with climate change. Although fishers’ income strongly depends on shellfishing in all studied areas, our findings show that less fishing experience and lower engagement in fisher associations tend to increase the economic vulnerability of the fishers. The fishers’ vulnerability decreases as the size of households increases, while fishers who pay a mortgage and who live in households with fewer active members tend to be more vulnerable. The findings also show that Galician shellfishers have developed a wide range of adaptation strategies to anticipate and respond to climate change impacts, namely harvesting pricier and more abundant species, reducing household expenses and increasing social involvement in shellfishery associations. Although the adaptive strategies have helped Galician fishers to deal with climate change impacts, several threats to the sustainability of shellfisheries remain, such as a decrease in the abundance of key native shellfish species, and a high dependence on public and private aid to ensure reasonable incomes for shellfisheries. These findings are of interest and relevance to other similar small-scale fisheries around the world facing similar climate change challenges.

Volumetric Properties of Asphalt Mixture Containing Fly Ash Geopolymer

Countries around the world face challenges to maintain their existing road networks with the increasing development of the transportation industry in the past few decades. In Malaysia, dense graded asphalt has been paved extensively in most of the major road network. This paper presents the volumetric properties of asphalt mixture incorporating fly ash geopolymer. SuperpaveTM mix design method was employed with the nominal maximum aggregate size 12.5 mm to obtain the optimum binder content. In the respect, binder 80/100 and 60/70 penetration grade with 0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9% and 11% fly ash geopolymer by weight of asphalt binder were prepared. Bulk specific gravity and maximum theoretical specific gravity were determined to meet criteria asphalt binder at 4.0 percent air voids. The results indicated that, the optimum binder content for binder grade 80/100 and 60/70 is in range 5.02% – 5.83% and 5.03% - 6.00% respectively. The outcomes of this research significantly used for further performance test and analysis on asphalt mixture.

Planning principles and particular places: planners’ and campaigners’ perspectives on motivations for popular support of the green belt

With many countries around the world facing deepening housing crises and searching for ways of increasing the public acceptability of new house building, academics, planners, and policy makers have generally focused on the material, economic motivations of campaigners and the public in opposing development. This article, which focuses on the green belt planning policy in England, but with wider relevance for house building internationally, argues that whilst considerations of material ‘property’ are sometimes a poignant motivation for campaigners, planners identified more normative concerns surrounding the ‘fear of change’ as equally important. Alongside campaigners themselves, planners stressed the importance of general planning ‘principles’, especially protection of the countryside and green belt, as well as local, ‘place’ concerns about development ‘changing the character’ of an area and its effects on local facilities/services. The article reflects on the need for planners and policy makers to pay more attention to principles and place attachment in policy formulation regarding house building, whilst more effective integration of different aspects of the planning system is needed to address campaigners’ more materialistic concerns about the effects of development on local services.

Technical Design and Economic Investigations for Reducing CO2 Emission considering Environmental Protection Agency Standards by Employing an Optimum Grid-Connected PV/Battery System

Pollutant emission is one of the most important problems the world faces. Using sustainable energies is among the best solutions which can be employed to reduce CO2 and other pollutants as in Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards. In this study, a case study region located in the south of Iran, including 100 households, is studied to find practical methods of investment to partially replace the required energy by renewables where the total emission is confined to the EPA standards. The solar irradiant of the region is 5.36 kWh/m2/day which causes high energy consumption (3000 kWh/day). If the government invests $495705, which is equal to the social penalty that has to be paid for emissions in 20 years, a 230 kW PV with a vertical tracker can be implemented to reduce 36% of the total emission that will be produced through the current system. The payback period for the proposed system will be around 11 years. Using an optimized hybrid system instead of a system without any renewables modeled in HOMER software in which the initial capital is limited reduces the cost of energy (COE) and the total net present cost (NPC) by 16% and 11%, respectively. The COE and NPC for the current system without any renewables are 0.121 ($/kWh) and 2.28 M ($), respectively. Although the acceptable Renewable Fraction (RF) is about 55%, using 38.5% RF can significantly fulfill the EPA standards and consider the plan's economic and executional conditions.

Impact of Climate Change on Productivity and Technical Efficiency in Canadian Crop Production

There is a wide consensus that throughout the 20th century climate has changed globally, with many parts of the world facing increases in average temperatures as well as an increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. While the existing climate models can predict future changes in climate with a high degree of confidence, the potential impacts of climate change on agricultural production and food security are still not well understood. In this work, we investigate the link between climate change, output, and inefficiency in Canadian crop production using provincial data for the period of 1972–2016. This study has built a unique climate dataset from station-level weather data and uses a panel stochastic frontier model to explore the effect of climatic conditions on crop production and inefficiency. The results reveal that climatic variables are significant predictors of both the maximum potential output (frontier) and technical inefficiency. The combined effect of higher temperatures and lower precipitation, as reflected in a lower Oury index, is a downward shift of the crop production frontier. While greater variability of daily temperatures during the growing season is found to have no statistically significant effect in the frontier equation, greater variation in rainfall results in a downward frontier shift. The results also show that weather shocks measured as a deviation from historical weather normals are significant predictors of technical inefficiency.

Spatial and Temporal Variation in Macrophyte Litter Decomposition in a Rare Chain-of-ponds, an Intermittent Stream and Wetland System

Ponds and wetlands around the world face anthropogenic pressures that threaten key ecosystem processes such as nutrient and organic matter cycling. Wetlands in arid and semi-arid regions are particularly at risk from uncertainty of water availability and competing pressures for use. Such threats are most acute for non-perennial systems that rely on occasional surface water flows to maintain important ecological functions.This study investigates the decomposition of an endemic macrophyte Cycnogeton procerum (R.Br.) Buchenau as a key ecosystem process in a chain-of-ponds wetland system, located in the intermittently flowing Mulwaree River, New South Wales, Australia. The aims of this study were to identify spatial and temporal patterns and the relative importance of microbial activity in macrophyte decomposition to improve our understanding of ecological processes in these intermittent systems.Exponential decomposition rates (proportional mass loss (g)) were highest during spring and summer (0.07-0.10 kd-1) and slower during autumn and winter (0.03-0.04 kd-1), reflecting seasonal drivers. Decomposition was significantly different in 9 mm and 150 μm mesh bags only during spring, suggesting decomposition was mostly performed by microbes, with invertebrate herbivores possibly only a factor during spring lotic conditions.Mesotrophic conditions, regulated by flow and internal macrophyte and algal dynamics appear to maintain a highly productive, macrophyte-dominated aquatic wetland system. Temperature was a major factor in decomposition rates and expected increases due to climate change will accentuate pressure on the resilience of the macrophyte community. Alterations caused by changing climate and anthropogenic land use place the ponds at high risk.

Framing potentiality in Vona Groarke’s X

ABSTRACT Vona Groarke has long evoked domestic spaces as a means of self-definition in face of a fluid world. Unlike her earlier work, though, in Four Sides Full and X, she finds in architectural constructions, gardens and visual arts a liminal space in which the persona withdraws from the world of action and actuality into a state of potentiality. Although this state is fraught with painful feelings of loneliness, Groarke, in order to resist the seclusion that threatens to engulf her, strives after a radical openness, employing the frames of poetic form inside of which the persona arises as it always already disappears into the framing whiteness of the page.

Design Framework for the Implementation of AI-based (Service) Business Models for Small and Medium-sized Manufacturing Enterprises

In a globalized world, small- and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (manufacturing SME) face the challenge of keeping up with global competition. Although AI is ascribed the potential to fundamentally change entire markets, industries, and general business activities, the question remains how SME can implement AI in their operation effectively and efficiently, and therefore build up potential (service) business models. The aim of this paper is to reveal the innovation potential of these systems and to provide instructions on how they can be used by SME. Through these resources can be used more efficiently and new business models can be created. The causes for the little use of AI are numerous and solutions were sought in this work. The result is a socio-technical framework that allows manufacturing SME to build up AI-based (service) business models for themselves.

Rapid linear transport infrastructure development in the Carpathians: A major threat to the integrity of ecological connectivity for large carnivores

The development of sustainable transport is a key challenge in societies where there is an accelerated need for socio-economic development. This is the case for seven countries from central and south-eastern Europe that share the Carpathian Mountains. The challenge of developing sustainable transport requires transdisciplinary, or at least cross-sectoral cooperation, between the transport development and nature conservation sectors. Such cooperation is not in the culture of the Carpathian countries, which together host some of the most remarkable biodiversity values in Europe, including the largest populations of brown bear, grey wolf and Eurasian lynx. The overall length of motorways in these countries more than quintupled in the last 30 years and the rapid expansion of Linear Transport Infrastructure (LTI) continues at exacerbating rates. The rich biodiversity habitats are being fragmented and the concept of ecological connectivity is poorly understood and implemented by the national authorities. Ecological networks for large carnivores are not defined nor officially recognised in the Carpathian countries, with little exceptions. The legislation is not consistent across the strands of ecological connectivity and is not harmonised between the countries to effectively support transnational conservation efforts. Thus, the critical intersections between planned or even existing LTI and ecological corridors for large carnivores cannot be identified, in most cases leading to increasing habitat fragmentation and isolation of wildlife populations in the region. We summarised all this key context-related information for the Carpathians in relation to LTI development and ecological connectivity. To counteract this trend in the Carpathian ecoregion, we propose a set of recommendations to: improve and harmonise the legislation; develop and endorse methodologies for designating ecological corridors; address the cumulative impact on ecological connectivity; define other threats on landscape permeability; improve stakeholder engagement, cooperation and communication; develop comprehensive and transparent biodiversity and transport databases; monitor wildlife and transport for implementing most appropriate mitigation measures and strategies; build capacity to address the issue of sustainable transportation; and foster transnational cooperation and dialogue. Bringing these elements together will support the design of ecological networks in a way that considers the needs and location of both current and future habitats and contribute to efforts to address the climate crisis. These specific recommendations are relevant also for other areas of the world facing similar problems as the Carpathians.

THE ROLE OF WOMEN AND THEIR IMPACT ON OVERALL LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

Women in world face the problem of inequality in every field. On this note “ The most important issue is faced by them upon leadership”. Men think that women are suitable for only household works . Even nowadays in the 21st century this is the thought of the most number of men but women are trying hard to get rid of this thought and started working for their self respect in our society. Nowadays women are working and they are even leading a big role in every sectors of the society. The workforce of women is increasing drastically due to the increase in women education and various other factors. Due to the increase in education women are far more better workers than men but their opportunities and capabilities are less and restricted due to gender discrimination. In addition to going to work, women do look after their family and children. In this paper we will see about the leadership qualities, characteristics, importance and some of the real time example of women leadership. Keywords: Women Leadership, In-equality, Workforce, Gender discrimination, Leadership qualities.

Результаты применения комплекса БЕСТФертил у пациентов после микрохирургической подпаховой варикоцелэктомии (операции Мармара)

Up to 15% of couples around the world face the problem of infertility, while male factor in infertile marriages occurs in up to 50% of cases. Varicocele occurs in 15% of the male population and in 35% of men with infertility. For now, the only effective method of treating varicocele is operative. After surgical treatment, there is an improvement in spermogram parameters, however, it is not always possible to achieve normal value of each parameter.To assess the efficiency of BESTFertil in patients after varicocelectomy.The single-center, prospective, randomized study at the University Clinic of Urology, Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov was conducted comparing the postoperative parameters of patients who underwent varicocelectomy, followed by the course of BESTFertil (main group) and without it (control group). A total of 63 patients were included in the study: the main group - 33 patients and the control group - 30 patients. The inclusion criteria for the study were: the presence of varicocele as the cause of pathospermia and / or the absence of pregnancy in marriage for 12 months or more of regular sexual activity without contraception, in the absence of other organic pathology as a possible cause of infertility, age from 18 to 45 years. Patients from both groups underwent surgical treatment of varicocele - microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy according to the standard Marmar technique using an operative microscope. Patients from the main group received BESTFertil for 3 months according to the recommended scheme.In the main group an average increase in the volume of ejaculate in 6 months was 0.48 ml (11.2% of the initial), the increase in concentration was 24.4 mln / ml (59.1%), the increase in motility was 25.2% (69.2%), morphologically normal forms - 3.4% (106.3%). A relapse of the disease was revealed in one patient, according to ultrasound and angiography, however, there was also a positive dynamic of spermogram parameters: an increase in ejaculate volume - 0.8 ml; increase in sperm concentration - 22 mln/ml; A + B motility-32%; morphologically normal forms - 1%. Four patients (16.7% of the total number of patients with infertile marriage in the main group) reported pregnancy. In the control group, an average increase in the volume of ejaculate in 6 months was 0.07 ml (1.7% of the initial), the increase in concentration was 11.7 mln / ml (27%), the increase in motility was 10.6% (32.7%), morphologically normal forms - 0.6% (9.8%). Two patients (9.1% of the total number of patients with infertile marriage in the control group) report pregnancy after treatment. One patient had a relapse of the disease, confirmed by angiography, despite his spermogram parameters correspond to normospermia.These results allow us to conclude that the course of BESTFertil in patients after treatment of varicocele allows to achieve a clinically and statistically significant increase in spermogram indicators such as ejaculate volume, its concentration, sperm motility and the number of morphologically normal forms, which can help patients achieve natural pregnancy or resort to assisted reproductive technologies.

Dear Senthuran: A Black Spirit Memoir by Akwaeke Emezi

Reviewed by: Dear Senthuran: A Black Spirit Memoir by Akwaeke Emezi Colleen Lutz Clemens Akwaeke Emezi Dear Senthuran: A Black Spirit Memoir New York. Riverhead Books. 2021. 232 pages. DEAR SENTHURAN IS Akwaeke Emezi’s first memoir in their prolific and growing catalog. Emezi’s “black spirit memoir” is about their existence as an ọgbanje, the liminal state between the fleshly and spirit worlds, which is just one example of in-betweenness or even otherworldliness explored in the memoir. Its epistolary chapters allow Emezi to investigate numerous discrete topics that fall under the larger theme of identity: gender, creativity, nationality, success, illness, family, and attraction, to name only a few. Each letter written to a specific person creates a space for memory to connect with Emezi’s ideas on the topic at hand (e.g., “Masks,” “Home,” “Grief”). In this work, Emezi bares their many souls to the reader, just as they have done with other protagonists—the only difference is in this text Emezi is the protagonist, though they intimate several times that Freshwater (2018) found much of its foundation in Emezi’s life. Readers learn how dangerous the first novel’s success was to Emezi. The descriptions of their attempts to die by suicide are vivid and upsetting in all the ways a memoir should be. Embodied tension—both having to do with gender and with being an ọgbanje—first is a liability to Emezi, but eventually they show through the memoir how they continue to work toward affirming all their identities. For example, in their letter to Eugene on mutilation, Emezi describes disgust with their uterus and the desire to expunge it from their body. Finding a doctor that would perform gender-affirming medical interventions proves to be challenging, and when Emezi finds one, the doctor complains of spending too much time with them because of their “in-between thing.” The essay, like many of them, ends with a reclamation of self in the face of a human world that does not allow for the space someone like Emezi requires to survive, much less thrive. Emezi sees “mutilation as a shift from wrongness to alignment, and of scars as a form of adornment that celebrates this shift,” a sentiment that encompasses the memoir in its entirety. Emezi shows their scars over and over, how they came to be and how they almost destroy Emezi. Yet, in the end, the memoir shows Emezi’s continued commitment to aligning with all their truths in face of a world in which “humans are so loud in how they press down, in how they enforce their realities.” Colleen Lutz Clemens Kutztown University Copyright © 2022 World Literature Today and the Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma

Sense of place, place attachment, and belonging-in-place in empirical research: A scoping review for rural health workforce research.

Rural communities around the world face chronic shortages of medical, nursing, and allied health professionals that contribute to serious inequalities between urban and rural residents. Three concepts have been identified as relevant for health workforce recruitment and retention: sense of place, place attachment, and belonging-in-place. However, there is limited information regarding operationalisation of these concepts within health workforce studies. This paper presents findings from a scoping review investigating empirical application of these concepts across a range of disciplines. Findings identify various strategies for empirical application of two of these three concepts to health workforce research and highlight the value of particular approaches for studies of rural health workforce retention. The paper concludes with several recommendations for future research.