World Electric Vehicle Research Articles

Urgent needs for second life using and recycling design of wasted electric vehicles (EVs) lithium-ion battery: a scientometric analysis

Currently, lithium-ion batteries are increasingly widely used and generate waste due to the rapid development of the EV industry. Meanwhile, how to reuse “second life” and recycle “extracting of valuable metals” of these wasted EVBs has been a hot research topic. The 4810 relevant articles from SCI and SSCI Scopus databases were obtained. Scientometric analysis about second life using and recycling methodologies of wasted EVBs was conducted by VOSviewer, Pajek, and Netdraw. According to analytical results, the research of second life using and recycling mythologies has been growing and the expected achievement will continue to increase. China, Germany, the USA, Italy, and the UK are the most active countries in this field. Tsinghua University in China, “Fraunhofer ISI, Karlsruhe” in Germany, and “Polytechnic di Torino” in Italy are the most productive single and collaborative institutions. The journals SAE technical papers and World Electric Vehicle Journal have the highest publication and citations than other journals. Chinese author “Li Y” has the highest number of 36 publications, and his papers were cited 589 times by other authors. By analyzing the co-occurrence and keywords, energy analysis, second life (stationary using, small industry), and treatment methods, (hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgical, electrochemical, bio-metallurgical) were the hot research topics. The S-curve from the article indicates hydrometallurgical and bio-metallurgical methods are attached with great potential in the near future. Further, different treatment methodologies are observed especially advanced techniques in hydrometallurgical, and spent medium bioleaching techniques in bio-metallurgical are good, economically cheap, has low CO2 emission, environmentally friendly, and has high recovery rate. Finally, this research provides information on second life use and top recycling methodology opportunities for future research direction for researchers and decision-makers who are interested in this research.

World Electric Vehicle Journal—Aims and Scope Update

The World Electric Vehicle Journal was started in 2007 with the aim of providing a platform for scientific communications within the field of electric vehicles [...]

(Best Poster Award - 3rd Place) Development of Bipolar All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Cell

For large-scale electricity storage applications such as automotive and stationary energy storage, the battery system requires a high voltage and energy density, which can be achieved by bipolar architectures. In conventional batteries, the cells are assembled in series. The amount of current collector and packaging substances (case, wires) increases the battery weight, reducing its energy density, and complicates the manufacturing. The switch to bipolar technology simplifies the cell architecture. The cathode and anode material layers are separately coated on both sides on a same current collector. This gives to the creation of electrolyte-separated units. External connectors are no longer necessary as the electron transfer between the two electrodes is through the current collector. As a result, the ohmic resistance is reduced and less heat is generated. The bipolar architecture leads to a simple and compact design for a high specific energy and a high-voltage and current output for a high specific power.Over the 15 past years, CEA developed an expertise on bipolar lithium-ion batteries1. However, the development of bipolar cells with liquid electrolyte has been rather limited in industrial applications due to electrolyte leakage: it is imperative to avoid liquid junction and to prevent the ion flow between each adjacent unit. The use of solid- electrolyte appears as the optimal solution and simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces cost2.Astrabat project focused on all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries and the development of two tailored polymer electrolytes. These results are transferred and adapted to a bipolar architecture, composed of two units. The silicon anode and Ni-rich NMC cathodes are coated on an Al/Cu clad, serving as a current collector. This work will report the fabrication process and the electrochemical performances of the two-units bipolar architecture. 1M. Chami, S. Mailley, Y. Reynier, F. Masse, S. Martinet and F. Fusalba, World Electric Vehicle Journal Vol. 3 - ISSN 2032-6653 2 H.-S. Shin, W.-G. Ryu, M.-S. Park, K.-N. Jung, H. Kim and J.-W. Lee, ChemSusChem 2018, 11, 3184 – 3190 Figure 1

Practising future‐making: Anticipation and translocal politics of Tesla's Gigafactory in Shanghai as assemblage

AbstractHuman geographers are increasingly concerned with how ‘futures’ are imagined and rendered governable, yet mostly their methods lack the sensitivity to explore the functioning of complex relations between heterogeneous actors across places. The world's electric vehicle (EV) sector is booming, presaging a widely expected decarbonised future, associated with a restructuring of the automobile industry as anticipated by proactive players. This paper interrogates the spatiality and politics of the EV future‐making through disentangling the translocal practices involved in realising Tesla's Gigafactory in Shanghai (TGS) as assemblage. Informed by interviews with industrial insiders and opensource information in Chinese and English, the article finds that, first, TGS's imagined future embodies a multiplicity of interdependent but divergent expectations, the coherence of which underlies the formation and operation of the TGS assemblage by virtue of the concerted actions of its member‐actors. Second, such coherence is conditional as designed by TGS's central planners—namely, Tesla and Chinese government agencies at central and local levels—for their differentiated but overlapping interests. The TGS's imagined future is rendered actionable, enrolling other agents at certain moments, through anticipatory practices of regulatory changes, strategic arrangements interweaving land and financing, firm acquisition and intra‐firm reorganisation linking up places in and outside China, as well as the selection of key suppliers and technological use of critical raw materials. Concluding after a sketch on the TGS's ‘possible futures’ and broader implications, the paper contributes an assemblage‐informed approach to disentangle futuremaking practices and generates timely insights into the ‘future‐oriented’ restructuring of the automobile industry.

Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of World Electric Vehicle Journal in 2022

High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...]

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of World Electric Vehicle Journal in 2021

Rigorous peer-reviews are the basis of high-quality academic publishing [...]

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of World Electric Vehicle Journal in 2020

Peer review is the driving force of journal development, and reviewers are gatekeepers who ensure that World Electric Vehicle Journal maintains its standards for the high quality of its published papers [...]

How Formula One Innovation is Shaping The World's Electric Vehicle Future

How Formula One Innovation is Shaping The World's Electric Vehicle Future

Kajian pengembangan kendaraan listrik di Indonesia: prospek dan hambatannya

The transportation sector is now starting to shift from using fossil fuels to electricity that is more environmentally friendly because this sector contributes the most greenhouse gas emissions. The development of the use of electric vehicles is growing rapidly with the largest market is China followed by Europe and the United States. The development of electric vehicles is very dependent on the policies issued by the country. Indonesia desires to be one of the centers of the world's electric vehicle industry and for that, it must pay attention to challenges in terms of cost, standards, power generation, incentive assistance, communication security, and a framework for integration. In addition to this, if Indonesia wants to attract investors, it must pay attention to infrastructure readiness, ease of doing business, government policies, and research and development.

Acknowledgement to Reviewers of World Electric Vehicle Journal in 2019

Rigorous peer-review is the corner-stone of high-quality academic publishing [...]

Acknowledgement to Reviewers of World Electric Vehicle Journal in 2018

Rigorous peer-review is the corner-stone of high-quality academic publishing [...]

The development of the world electric vehicles fleet in years 2010-2017

The article characterises the development of the world fleet of electric vehicles in years 2010-2017. It presents global forecasts of the fleet of passenger HEVs, PHEVs and BEVs. Changes in production volumes and number of registered types of vehicles are presented in a breakdown into respective countries. The overall number of HEVs produced thus far is estimated at approx. 12.5 million. There are roughly 38 thousand HEVs registered in Poland. Of 3.2 million electric plug-in vehicles and BEVs used in the world in 2017. Yet, electric plug-in vehicles (BEVs and PHEVs) globally accounted for just 0.3% of the worldwide fleet of passenger cars in 2017. Despite the considerable boost in the sales of electrically-powered vehicles in recent years, especially in the plug-in category, with increase from 6500 cars in 2010 to 553 thousand vehicles in 2015 and approx. 750 thousand in 2016 and over 1.1 million vehicles in 2017, including BEVs – from 6000 in 2010 to roughly 760 thousand in 2017, the sales levels still do not come to the volumes expected at the beginning of the 2000s.

The World Electric Vehicle Journal, The Open Access Journal for the e-Mobility Scene

The World Electric Vehicle Journal is the first peer-reviewed international scientific journal that covers all studies related to battery, hybrid, and fuel cell electric vehicles comprehensively. The gaining interest in e-mobility and related fast developments in electric vehicles has been leading to the need for the academic and industrial world, as well as the societal stakeholders, to have their own open-access journal in which they can share the latest developments and knowledge about electric vehicles. The journal accepts papers from all different disciplines, from new battery technologies, over propulsion system, and charging infrastructure to market developments and consumer behaviour. The World Electric Vehicle Journal is the primary scientific journal serving the interests of the international electric vehicle community. The World Electric Vehicle Journal has been managed by the World Electric Vehicle Association for the 10 years, with support from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and we have decided to further improve our professional approach by setting up the cooperation with MDPI as our professional publisher. Do you want to be inspired by e-mobility? Read more in the article below.

学界情報 国際会議レポート：The 29<sup>th</sup> World Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS29), June 19-22, 2016, Montréal, Canada

学界情報 国際会議レポート：The 29<sup>th</sup> World Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS29), June 19-22, 2016, Montréal, Canada

Development of a driving cycle to evaluate the energy economy of electric vehicles in urban areas

Understanding real-world driving conditions in the form of driving cycles is instrumental in the design of efficient powertrains and energy storage systems for electric vehicles. In addition, driving cycles serve as a standardised measurement procedure for the certification of a vehicle’s fuel economy and driving range. They also facilitate the evaluation of the economic and lifecycle costs of emerging vehicular technologies. However, discrepancies between existing driving cycles and real-world driving conditions exist due to a number of factors such as insufficient data, inadequate driving cycle development methodologies and methods to assess the representativeness of developed driving cycles. The novel aspect of the work presented here is the use of real-world data from electric vehicles, over a six month period, to derive a driving cycle appropriate for their assessment. A stochastic and statistical methodology is used to develop and assess the representativeness of the driving cycle against a separate set of real world electric vehicle driving data and the developed cycle performs well in that comparison. Although direct comparisons with internal combustion engine driving cycles are not that informative or relevant due to the marked differences between how they and electric vehicles operate, some discussion around how the developed electric vehicle cycle relates to them is also included.

A probabilistic approach to combining smart meter and electric vehicle charging data to investigate distribution network impacts

This work uses a probabilistic method to combine two unique datasets of real world electric vehicle charging profiles and residential smart meter load demand. The data was used to study the impact of the uptake of Electric Vehicles (EVs) on electricity distribution networks. Two real networks representing an urban and rural area, and a generic network representative of a heavily loaded UK distribution network were used. The findings show that distribution networks are not a homogeneous group with a variation of capabilities to accommodate EVs and there is a greater capability than previous studies have suggested. Consideration of the spatial and temporal diversity of EV charging demand has been demonstrated to reduce the estimated impacts on the distribution networks. It is suggested that distribution network operators could collaborate with new market players, such as charging infrastructure operators, to support the roll out of an extensive charging infrastructure in a way that makes the network more robust; create more opportunities for demand side management; and reduce planning uncertainties associated with the stochastic nature of EV charging demand.

Quantifying a cellular automata simulation of electric vehicles

Within this work the Nagel–Schreckenberg (NS) cellular automata is used to simulate a basic cyclic road network. Results from SwitchEV, a real world Electric Vehicle trial which has collected more than two years of detailed electric vehicle data, are used to quantify the results of the NS automata, demonstrating similar power consumption behavior to that observed in the experimental results. In particular the efficiency of the electric vehicles reduces as the vehicle density increases, due in part to the reduced efficiency of EVs at low speeds, but also due to the energy consumption inherent in changing speeds. Further work shows the results from introducing spatially restricted speed restriction. In general it can be seen that induced congestion from spatially transient events propagates back through the road network and alters the energy and efficiency profile of the simulated vehicles, both before and after the speed restriction. Vehicles upstream from the restriction show a reduced energy usage and an increased efficiency, and vehicles downstream show an initial large increase in energy usage as they accelerate away from the speed restriction.

Car sharing could be the EV's killer app

Parisians have learned to love electric cars by sharing them. Since the late 2011 launch of the French capital's Autolib car-sharing program, Parisians have taken its fleet of 1800 electric vehicles (EVs) on more than 2 million trips using 4000 dedicated charging points. That makes Paris one of the world's EV meccas, with more battery-powered cars on the road and more charging points than nearly any other city.

Electric Vehicle, Why Spain?

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