World Economic System Research Articles

ВПЛИВ КРИЗ НА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ СВІТОВОГО РИНКУ АВІАЦІЙНИХ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕНЬ

Taking into account the cyclical nature of the world economy development, the identification and analysis of crisis phenomena that arise in the world economic system acquires special importance. At the same time, taking into account that air transport is one of the drivers of social and economic growth, it is necessary to determine the interrelationships and factors of the impact of crises on various aspects of the world air transportation market functioning. The analysis of modern risks and threats is a step towards understanding and developing strategies aimed at maintaining a high level of safety and stability of the air transport sector in conditions of constant change. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of global economic crises on the air transport sector, to identify and substantiate modern risks and threats to the functioning of the global air transport market. The interdependence of the development of the world economy and the air transport system is explored in the article; it was established that the biggest crisis shocks in world aviation are cyclical in nature. The largest economic crises and their consequences for the air transport sector are analyzed. Current key risks and threats to the global air transport market are substantiated: the return of the coronavirus or its mutation, geopolitical instability, reformatting of supply chains, a slowdown in demand for air travel as a result of the global recession, a change in society's eco-consciousness, and others. Scientific theories of economic cycles and crises form the methodological basis of the research; both general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used – historical-logical, descriptive-analytical, analysis and synthesis, methods of quantitative and qualitative comparisons. The informational basis of the article is monographic studies and periodical publications of domestic and foreign economists, analytical reports of international organizations, international consulting companies and analytical centers. Research results can be used for scientific justification and further creation of proper conditions for effective management of the global air transport system, while developing new strategies that will allow the aviation sector to remain stable and competitive in conditions of uncertainty and growing threats.

МАКРОЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ НЕРІВНОМІРНОСТІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЗРОСТАННЯ

Trends in the development of the world economic system reflect the unevenness and heterogeneity of the formation of the main macroeconomic indicators of individual countries and regions at a given time. This contributes to the division of countries into economies of І, ІІ, ІІІ levels in turn. These differences were formed historically on the basis of natural-geographical, climatic, historical-cultural and socio-cultural factors and determined the emergence of the international division of labor. Using the methods of analogies, system analysis, historical analysis, chronology and synthesis, this article conducted a study to determine the causes of uneven economic development of national economies and search for options to overcome it, respectively. It has been established that natural-geographical, historical-cultural and climatic factors are not dominant in determining the causes of differences in GDP growth at a given time. This is taken into account, but is not decisive, since the economies of most countries are open compared to the middle of the 20th century. The determining factors are such factors as the availability of qualified personnel, the development of the scientific and technical complex and the possibility of external technology transfer, supported by appropriate national policies in the field of scientific, educational and technical development of the country. This approach makes it possible to significantly expand the production capabilities of a single country, as well as partially or completely move some of its production to countries with cheaper labor. An example of such a symbiosis of government policy in the field of science, education, technology and production can be the Chinese economy. But these trends are determined not so much by the presence of prerequisites for their development, but by such socio-cultural factors as the mentality of the population of a particular country. It is this factor, against the background of natural-geographical and historical-cultural features, that comes to the fore when determining the vector of economic development of a particular country.

Економічні умови розвитку економіки вражень у країнах світу та в Україні

The article examines the main economic conditions for the use and development of the economy of impressions in the countries of the world on the basis of the dynamics of official values of statistical indicators for 2018–2022: GDP per capita, according to which clustering of countries is carried out and clusters with low (in which Ukraine has fallen), medium and high values of this indicator are identified; the ratio of trade volumes (the amount of exports and imports) to GDP; the volume of foreign direct investment, and the unemployment rate. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that in developed countries the economy of impressions has more favorable conditions for its development, while in Ukraine it is a necessary model for the post-war reproduction of socioeconomic relations, though the conditions for its development are complicated. Taking into account the above trends, the aim of the article is to identify the main economic conditions for the development of the economy of impressions in the countries of the world and in Ukraine and to formulate proposals for its spread in order to increase the activity of enterprises in the formation of added value and profit to improve the quality of life of the population in the post-war period. The economy of impressions develops when there is a sufficient level of competition between producers to make decisions about the purchase of products in their favor. Therefore, the article analyzes the index of global competitiveness of countries for 2022 and 2023, identifying the low place of Ukraine in this indicator, which can be increased on the basis of the development of institutional measures to improve the competitiveness of producers. The features of the formation of positive impressions are considered and conclusions are made about the need to increase their value in the price of products. The main conclusions of the article are as follows. The current stage of development of the world economic system is characterized by the emergence of new models of economic relations, which is associated with the globalization of economic flows, easier entry into foreign markets. One of the perspective models of world economic relations is the economy of impressions. The developed countries of the world have a more powerful potential for the development of the economy of impressions, while they need its development more due to the intensification of competition between national producers. In Ukraine, the socioeconomic situation before the war was quite favorable for the development of the economy of impressions, but still it was inferior to the developed countries of the world. As a result of the ongoing war, the situation has deteriorated significantly, therefore, in the period of post-war recovery, one of the national priorities should be the development of the economy of impressions as the most attractive model for intensifying economic and social relations, innovative development, and improving the quality of life of the population.

Kebijakan Moneter di Negara Islam dan Negara Muslim: Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, dan Indonesia

<p><em>Monetary policy is a policy issued by a central bank or institution that is authorized with the aim of which is to maintain and stabilizing the currency so that the country's economy does not fall, that it can also be used as a regulation for setting interest rates and controlling the amount of money in circulation. Macroeconomic stability is the main goal of monetary policy. Currently, there are two economic systems operating in the world, namely conventional and sharia-based economic systems. These two bases of the economic system inevitably also influence monetary policy. This article discusses how monetary policy applies to Islamic and Muslim countries. The research method used in writing this article is qualitative, while the approach used is descriptive. The type of research used is Library (Library Research). The final result of this article concludes that: Islamic countries which use sharia (Islam) principles in their daily lives cannot be separated from the sharia economic system, this is because these countries are bound by international transactions, which ultimately these countries issued conventional monetary policies to adapt to international transactions.</em></p>

Актуальные вопросы китайских глобальных исследований

Every science has certain conditions for its emergence and development. China’s policy of “reform and opening up” (1978) was introduced during the wave of increased interest in globalization. In the 1990s, China’s integration into the world economic system led to a growing interest in global studies based on globalization and global issues. In the early 21st century, especially after China’s accession to the World Trade Organization, China’s global studies have also expanded and deepened. Due to China’s active policy of openness, global governance has become a central theme in global studies, and traditional Chinese philosophy was incorporated into the theoretical system of globalism. After Xi Jinping’s “Belt and Road” initiative and the “Community of Common Destiny for Mankind” idea in 2013, the global turn in various sciences has greatly enriched the content of China’s global studies. Passing through three phases of development: introduction, borrowing, and innovation, Chinese global studies has moved from “global problem studies”, “globalization studies”, and “global governance studies” to comprehensive theoretical globalistics. This article describes the phases, features, schools, and recent results of contemporary Chinese global studies, reflecting the theoretical thinking and academic innovation of Chinese scholars in this field.

NATIONAL SECURITY RISKS AND THEIR MANIFESTATION POSSIBILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALISATION

Objective. The objective of the present article is analysis of features and probability of manifestation of national security risks in the conditions of globalization. Methods. The following methods and techniques of cognition were used in the research process: theoretical generalization and comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, generalization and systematization. Results. It is established that national security should be understood as the ability of the State to respond effectively to internal and external challenges, to ensure the realisation of national interests in the short, medium and long term, using the available economic potential and the potential of force. It is determined that the concept of "national security" is closely related to the concepts of "national interests" and "threats and challenges". It is determined that in the context of increasing globalisation, the level of national security is increasingly determined not only by endogenous but also by exogenous factors. It is substantiated that despite the fact that the level of global risks of countries is closely correlated with the level of their involvement in globalisation processes, it is not the dominant determinant of the country's level of national security, since it is determined not only and not so much by the presence of threats and risks as by the effectiveness of the country's response to existing and potential threats, the effectiveness of the "challenge-response" system - the system of national resilience. It is established that the effectiveness of the "challenge-response" system - the system of national resilience to effectively respond to external threats and risks is determined by: the effectiveness of public administration; the level of development of public-private-social partnership (the level of development of relations between business and government, as well as society); the level of trust of society in general and business in particular in government and state institutions; the level of corruption; the level of satisfaction of society and business with public services, etc. On the basis of a thorough analysis of global risks in 2010-2023 (based on the World Economic Forum data), the main systemic risks to the security of the world economic system and humanity, national security in the twenty-first century were identified, with the time interval of their manifestation determined; the peculiarities of transformation of the nature of global risks (in 2010-2023, social and environmental risks became more important).

Vectors of development of energy cooperation between Russia and foreign countries under economic sanctions

The subject of this study is the modern aspects of Russia’s positioning in the global energy space. They are associated with the shift from the previously established liberal world order and the trend towards new polarisation in the world economic system, as well as with the increasing risks of turbulence in world energy markets. In this regard, it is extremely important to assess the real impact of economic sanctions on the nature of relationships and determine promising vectors for the development of energy cooperation between Russia and foreign countries. The research methodology includes analysis and synthesis methods and a historical approach, which are productively used to assess the tactical and strategic actions of our country in the system of international energy cooperation. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the substantiation of theoretical approaches and assessment of the practical implementation of energy cooperation with foreign countries. Those priority interests are considered that determine the economic sovereignty and identity of Russia in the conditions of a gradual but categorical shift of the world community from the previously established imperatives of liberalism and economic globalisation. The article is of an overview nature and describes the key areas of cooperation in the oil and gas and coal industries. Its main provisions may be used for long-term researches related to modernising the strategy of Russia’s foreign economic relations and increasing the level of its foreign economic security in the context of new global challenges.

Econometric forecasting of academic management in the face of uncertainty regarding hostilities

This article addresses the problem of interrelations between economic factors and military conflicts, examining the role of econometric forecasting in the context of academic management during periods of uncertainty surrounding hostilities. It delves into the two principal theories of classical macroeconomics – neutrality and dichotomy – and explores their applicability to the complex interplay between economic forces and military dynamics. In doing so, it challenges the conventional binary view of conflicts as either war or peace, emphasizing the nuanced gradations that emerge over time.
 The study highlights the significance of economic advantages in shaping decisions related to military conflicts and underscores the role of econometric forecasting as a critical factor in academic institutions navigating the indirect repercussions of hostilities. The article also presents a comprehensive examination of strategic interactions, introducing distinctions between moves, rounds, and plays in conflict scenarios.
 Drawing on recent research and publications, the article underscores the importance of understanding the economic principles governing the preservation of peace and forecasting the consequences of such decisions. It references seminal work by economists P. Romer, R. Lucas, R. Barro, I. Salla y Martin, and R. Levine, who laid the foundation for the study of endogenous economic development.
 The theories of trade and military conflict are two distinct branches in economic analysis and prediction. Trade theory is founded on contractual agreements and mutual benefits, while the military conflict theory centers on competition for dominance. It's important to recognize that various analytical methods exist for modeling equilibrium in such situations, whether they involve active hostilities or the coexistence of armed forces during economic stagnation due to anticipated conflicts.
 It becomes evident that the decision to initiate or de-escalate a military conflict is primarily driven by economic advantages, even in the domain of academic management. In this context, econometric forecasting techniques play a role in the economic activities of academic institutions, which may experience direct or indirect consequences of hostilities. This is because various sectors must compete for their survival amidst these dynamics.
 Purpose. The study's objectives include assessing the impact of military budgeting productivity on economic growth using economic and mathematical modeling techniques, with a focus on countries facing uncertainties related to hostilities, evolving budget and tax regulations, and inflation. The article adapts the models of J. Battis and T. Koeli to facilitate this analysis.
 Methods Macroeconomic Analyses, Economentric Analyses, Trend Analyses
 Results. Determining the optimal level of taxation to obtain the necessary income for the budgets of academic institutions in conditions of uncertainty in the conduct of hostilities.
 In conclusion, the study challenges classical economic doctrines by establishing a strong connection between military budget allocation and the real sectors of the economy. It underscores that a nation's economic growth is contingent upon the productivity and effectiveness of its military budgeting, even in a globalized world economic system. This study opens the door to further research in this interdisciplinary field.
 Keywords: Econometric forecasting, Academic management, Uncertainty, Hostilities, Economic modeling, Endogenous economic development, Academic institutions, Budgeting, Military conflicts, Financial impact, Economic growth, Strategic decision-making, Budget optimization, Risk assessment, Financial efficiency. Methods Macroeconomic Analyses, Economentric Analyses, Trend Analyses
 
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MAIN DIRECTIONS OF SALE OF NON-FOOD PRODUCTS

This article examines the practical and theoretical aspects of commodity science, including the formulation and standards required for commodity quality. In market conditions, an important direction of corporate marketing activity is ensuring the effectiveness of product sales. This affects performance indicators such as product sales, profit, profitability, market share, etc. Successfully solving this problem depends in part on the approach to selling. The study examines the categorization and development trends of the non-food market in Ukraine, as well as various forms and types of trade. Trade is a branch of the economy, which sells goods through buying and selling. It combines production, distribution, exchange and consumption to transform manufactured goods into consumer goods. Trade is divided into domestic trade and foreign trade. Domestic trade is divided into the following types according to the form of ownership: state, communal, joint, private, family, individual, cooperative, etc. Being an important link in the economy, trade performs economic, social and educational functions. The results are presented regarding the peculiarities of the sale of non-food products, as well as the study of the needs and behavior of buyers in this market. Business entities are obliged to sell non-food products that are subject to mandatory certification, if the product acceptance document contains the registration number of the certificate of conformity or certificate of recognition of conformity or declaration of conformity, if this is provided for by the technical regulations. confirmation of product compliance. In addition, the article provides information on the fundamental theories and content of commodity science, in particular on the production, classification and evaluation of consumer properties and quality of goods for economic, cultural and household purposes. The integration of Ukraine's economy into the world economic system, as well as the principles of forming a trade assortment and ensuring quality control of goods, which are the first to be approached from a single point of view, were also studied.

Formation of the Russian Housing Construction Market Based on the Principles of Sustainable Development in Conditions of Deglobalization

In the modern world, the concept of sustainable development is being adapted to the changed global conjuncture in the conditions of deglobalization and transformation of the world economic system. Currently, sustainable development issues are increasingly being considered in a broader context due to the risks of global uncertainty. The analysis of modern economic scientific literature indicates the absence of a unified approach to the concept of sustainability in the light of global changes. The article examines the evolution of approaches to the concept of sustainability: from traditional theories of sustainability (theory of organization and economic sustainability) to modern concepts of sustainable development and resilience. In the course of the research, the article identifies and formulates global challenges that face the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in the domestic economy. The main directions of adaptation of the «green agenda» concept of sustainable development for the Russian housing construction market in modern conditions of uncertainty are formulated.

CNP blocks mitochondrial depolarization and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro and in vivo.

The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed over 6.5 million lives worldwide and continues to have lasting impacts on the world's healthcare and economic systems. Several approved and emergency authorized therapeutics that inhibit early stages of the virus replication cycle have been developed however, effective late-stage therapeutical targets have yet to be identified. To that end, our lab identified that 2',3' cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) inhibits SARS-CoV-2 virion assembly. We show that CNP inhibits the generation of new SARS-CoV-2 virions, reducing intracellular titers without inhibiting viral structural protein translation. Additionally, we show that targeting of CNP to mitochondria is necessary for inhibition, blocking mitochondrial depolarization and implicating CNP's proposed role as an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeabilization transition pore (mPTP) as the mechanism of virion assembly inhibition. We also demonstrate that an adenovirus expressing virus expressing both human ACE2 and CNP inhibits SARS-CoV-2 titers to undetectable levels in lungs of mice. Collectively, this work shows the potential of CNP to be a new SARS-CoV-2 antiviral target.

Economic approaches to assessing the environmental consequences of the war in Ukraine

The article examines the environmental consequences of the war in Ukraine, the types of effects of military actions on the environment and their potential danger to humanity now and in the future.
 The problems related to ecology and climate change as a result of military actions concern not only one country, nation or community, but can also affect the daily life of many future generations of Ukrainians, Europeans and the whole world. The issue of assessing the environmental consequences of military actions, classifying the damage caused, and choosing methods for assessing environmental damage are extremely popular in modern conditions for the Ukrainian and world community, which confirms the relevance and timeliness of this study.
 According to the materials of open sources, it was determined that the main risks for the ecology of Ukraine and the world ecological and economic system were the threat of a nuclear disaster, the impact of active offensive actions on forests, steppes and the natural landscape, the impact of war on plants and animals, the threat to red book species, water pollution and soil as a result of multifactor intervention, hitting industrial facilities and critical infrastructure facilities.
 A comprehensive algorithm for assessing the environmental consequences of military actions has been developed, which includes the following stages: establishment of a list of possible consequences, data collection, data analysis and classification of consequences according to the degree of security, assessment of environmental damage, information exchange and monitoring. Such a sequence allows you to identify the most influential risks and urgently take measures to overcome them. The created algorithm has a consolidated nature and should be refined and supplemented in further work.
 It is proposed to carry out zoning of the territories of Ukraine depending on the possibility of obtaining information about the environmental impacts and consequences of the war and the availability of data collection.
 In the future, it is advisable to develop methods for express assessment of environmental consequences for quick response to violations of environmental requirements, as well as in-depth methods that take into account detailed assessment of consequences and will allow to determine the most accurate economic component of consequences for ecology.

Reshoring and Friendshoring as Factors in Changing the Geography of International Supply Chains

Abstract The text covers the projection of the potential impact of the currently observed processes in the world economy on the international supply chains’ geography. The economic effects of the pandemic, the modern trade war and Russia’s aggression towards Ukraine are considered key factors in changing this geography. When examining the importance of these factors, the matrix of three components of global supply chains is adopted: production centres, transport corridors and consumption centres. The reasoning allowed for rejecting both the scenario of maintaining the so-called hyper-globalisation and forming a bilateral system of two isolated and hostile economic systems. The presented arguments lead to the expectation of a mixed solution in the form of the simultaneous existence of a system of high globalisation and concentrated regional systems. The primary objective of this study is to identify and assess emerging trends in the configuration of international supply chains. On this basis, it is also intended to identify the most likely scenario for the future formation of the geography of international supply chains. The research used the literature study methodology and deductive inference of the consequences of the identified processes taken as premises for reasoning. The above-presented arguments lead to the assumption that the so-called hyper-globalisation is probably unsustainable. Various economic, political, technological and social factors make it impossible to sustain, let alone further develop, the current logic of shaping the global economic system. A world economy system with a hybrid structure is expected to emerge. The model of full globalisation will coexist with the model of a multilateral structure with a regional character centred around the main consumption and production centres. The factors determining the evolution of economic globalisation have been systematised. Their potential impact is described, and a likely scenario for change is presented. The achieved results can contribute to the design of economic policy at the level of individual countries and their groupings.

Anti-Russian Sanctions of the West as an Indicator of Destabilization of the World Economy

The relevance of the presented research lies in the existence of a number of signs that clearly indicate that the global economic crisis that began in 2020 has not yet ended. The purpose of the presented research is to isolate anti-Russian sanctions of the collective West as an independent indicator of the destabilization of the world economic system, indicating its state of crisis. The scientific novelty of the results obtained lies in the fact that the presented work shows that the ongoing sanctions pressure on Russia, considered as a pilot project for a possible subsequent sanctions war against China (including a possible forceful clash between China and Taiwan), indicates the absence of a global economic development of such solutions that would demonstrate that the effect from the implementation of technologies related to the vector of one’s own creation (primarily due to the introduction of technologies of the new (sixth) technological order) is higher than the effect from the implementation of technologies related to the vector of weakening the positions of competitors (up to the outbreak of local wars), which gives reason to consider the intensity of Western anti-Russian sanctions as one of the significant indicators of the course of the global economic crisis. The practical significance of the results obtained in this study lies in the possibility of their use in assessing the processes of the current economic crisis and predicting the prospects for overcoming it.

A study on millennium development goals and sustainable development goals: Lesson from Bangladesh

This paper aims to present the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the general inclusive growth of the world and Bangladesh in particular. With the passing of time, the world economy and economic systems have been changing rapidly in order to reach the development facilities of the deprived people living in the world. For this, the United Nations and world leaders have undertaken Millennium Development Goals to reduce the extreme economic hardship of the deprived people living there. Based upon MDGs, the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh has undertaken Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to reduce the extreme poverty of the people living in Bangladesh. The study is mainly based on secondary information. Data have been collected from different publications from the United Nations, different websites, and institutional publications. During analysis of the collected data, it is seen that the steps undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh to reduce extreme poverty have become effective and the economic development of Bangladesh has been moving towards sustainability because the deprived section of people has started improving their lives and to some extent starts entering into development opportunities available in Bangladesh.

China’s Image in the GCC Mainstream English Newspapers: A Corpus-Based Critical Discourse Analysis

ABSTRACT This paper used the corpus-based critical discourse analysis to explore China’s image represented in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) mainstream English newspapers between 2010 and 2020. Findings show that China is usually reported in a very positive light. Cooperation is the main tone of diplomatic relations between China and the GCC. They have signed a series of strategic cooperation agreements and memorandums of understanding to strengthen a comprehensive and long-term bilateral strategic partnership. Moreover, China is depicted as the GCC’s important trading partner, which is very strong in the economic power and plays an important role in the world economic system. A strong economic complementarity and the historical friendly relations between the two sides are the main contributing factors for the positive representations of China in their mainstream English newspapers. However, the stereotyped “China as a Demon” image in the Western media is occasionally constructed in the GCC English newspapers because of the Western news agencies’ domination of the flow of international news through the Arab media and private ownership of the daily newspapers in the GCC states.

Abbas Khider's Refugee Narrative Ohrfeige : A System-Critical Intervention in the Continuing Human Rights and Solidarity Crisis

Abstract: This article investigates Abbas Khider's Ohrfeige as a system-critical intervention in the discourse of forced migration and the continuing human rights and solidarity crisis. It focuses on Khider's use of the grotesque to illustrate how, as refugee narrative, Ohrfeige is symptomatically situated within the constraints of a profit-driven world economic system which reduces literature, cultures, and people to commodities, while growing numbers of refugee populations are kept in inhospitable spaces of radicalized exclusion. The grotesque also serves Khider as a distancing technique to highlight the need to assume active responsibility beyond humanitarian compassion to confront the injustices of our time.

Historical review of the Russian market economy formation and development based on the works of Doctor of Economics, Prof. L.S. Shakhovskaya

Research focuses on the problem of incompleteness and unreliability of the existing scientific vision of the formation and development of a market economy in Russia. In the current vision, the boundaries of the stages of formation and development of a market economy in Russia are blurred, the transition to a market path of economic development has an ambiguous interpretation in the scientific literature and is mainly associated with the 1990s. The lack of a clear understanding of the essence, sequence and continuity of the stages of formation and development of a market economy in Russia causes the uncertainty of the current stage of this process. The purpose of this research is to develop a systematic scientific vision of the process of evolution of a market economy in Russia. The study provides a historical review of the formation and development of a market economy in Russia based on the works of Doctor of Economics, prof. L.S. Shakhovskaya, who stood at the origins of the formation of the scientific concept of the market economy of Russia and in her works reflected in detail the essence and features of each stage of its evolution. This article is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Professor L.S. Shakhovskaya, was written by her students who are developing the scientific school founded by her. The proposed new scientific vision of the process of evolution of the market economy in Russia, which clearly determined the three stages of its evolution. The first stage (1991-1999) was associated with the transition from a planned to an open industrial market economy through privatization and deregulation. The second stage: (2000-2013) was the integration of Russia into the world economic system to form an open post-industrial market economy. The third (modern) stage (2014-2031) involves the strengthening of strategic academic and technological leadership for the transition to a neo-industrial market economy 4.0 through ensuring technological sovereignty. Research contributes to the development of scientific and economic thought through the formation of a systematic scientific vision of the process of evolution of the market economy in Russia, which rethought and clarified the history of the market economy in Russia, and also clarified the meaning of its current stage by reflecting its continuity and patterns of occurrence. The scientific novelty of the system vision is that it proved for the first time that the transition period is a whole set of periods involving the transformation of market relations with various targets and management measures.

The Mechanism of Optimal Development of the Regional Spatial and Sectoral Structure in the Conditions of Transition to the Digital Economy

In article approaches to justification of the mechanism of optimum development of regional spatial-industry structure in the conditions of transition to digital economy are generalized theoretical-methodological. In the conditions of the next multidimensional crisis of a world economic system caused by competitive wars and local wars with use of lethal weapon the frailty of the existing economic theories at their checking is shown by order and chaos. It indicates the need of application of the basic theory for economy for which the existing economic theories are the first and second derivatives with the specific set of the principles of development. As such basic theory the chaotic theory of inflation of economic space (CTIES) as an analog of the chaotic theory of inflation of the Universe which is the basic theory in a modern general scientific picture of the world can serve in economy. The author offers based on CTIES use of the principles of sustainable development as the transitional stage to a noonomy, at the same time needs the solution of problems of balancing of developments on the chosen parameters by means of application of a triad of matrixes paradigmatic, management and matrixes of technological effectiveness within trinities «society – ​economy – ​ecology», «organization – ​motivation – ​informatization» and «labor instrument – ​objects of the labor – ​work» respectively. The most acceptable methodology for this purpose is the methodology based on the geometrical theory of optimal management. Such approach assumes work with Big Data, Data Science, Data mining, Machine learning, etc. characterizing transition to digital economy and, respectively, to researches on the basis of the Fourth paradigm of science (Science 4.0, E-science).

Циклічність геоекономічних процесів

The economy is the basis for political processes, while the contradictions arising in the system of socio-economic relations determine the cyclical nature of social development, in particular, cyclical economic and political processes that have become global under the conditions of the capitalist world-system. The cyclic nature of geo-economic and geo-political processes is manifested primarily in the cyclical nature of the change of the world hegemon, whose presence indicates the existence of a global political and economic system. The prerequisites for the formation of the world political and economic system, which develops cyclically, arose already in the most ancient times. The historical prototypes of world hegemony were the Roman and Chinese empires, as well as the Mongolian empire, after whose fall the Western European civilization from the beginning of the "long" XVI century became a source of contradictions, giving rise to a cyclical process of struggle for world leadership, which is reflected in the main provisions of the theory of long cycles of world politics by J. Modelski and U. Thompson, theories of cycles of hegemony by I. Wallerstein, etc. The unfolding of long cycles of world politics and cycles of hegemony is coordinated with the unfolding of Kondratiev cycles, whose beginning and end are marked by wars, generated by political and economic contradictions and serving as a way of their partial resolution. The competition of the leading actors of geopolitics gives rise to global military-economic cycles, whose rhythm is set by world wars, and global geo-economic and geopolitical cycles create the basis for the deployment of cycles derived from them on a regional scale. The rhythm of cyclical geo-economic and geopolitical processes on a regional scale is determined by the dynamics of global cycles. Today, the increasing instability in the capitalist world-system indicates the beginning of crisis-militaristic phases of global cycles, whose unfolding leads to a cyclical change of the leader in the capitalist world-system, and the reformatting of the world geopolitical system, and creates the basis for the development of deep geo-economic and geopolitical contradictions, which are the internal driving force of the cyclicality of global political and economic processes.