Cities In World Research Articles

High-Speed Rail Stations and Airports: Symbolic Infrastructures of Mobility as “Places of Globalisation”

In the current era of mobility, airports and high-speed train stations have turned into necessary infrastructures of any world city. Beyond connecting places physically and energizing economically the cities in which they are located, they play a prominent role in the consolidation and maintenance of world cities, as they are also symbolic facilities, linked to dominant leisure-consumption practices. This more immaterial perspective is emphasised, especially in the face of the greater presence of non-aeronautical uses in these places, which has caused a change of conception in their architectural design, in the leisure-consumption activities that are developed in them and in the attempts to project territorial identities in a world context where homogenisation patterns printed by globalization are generalised. Therefore, in the face of those anthropological conceptions that define them as “non places”, they can be referred to as “places of Globalisation”, that are defined, or are at least heavily influenced, by the contemporary emphasis on leisure, consumption and global mobility.

Cultural Strategy at the Urban Periphery: The City of Parramatta

Since the 1990s, when the successful cultural-led urban renewal of cities like Bilbao and Glasgow held out the promise that peripheral cities, no less than world cities, could capitalise on culture, much urban cultural strategic planning has sought to gain global attention and achieve socio-economic growth. Such planning has produced mixed results in granting citizens access and production to their city. This essay looks at strategies in multicultural urban areas that lie at the margin of global cities, focusing on the City of Parramatta.

The Digital Urban Experience of a Lost City Using Mixed Methods to Depict the Historical Street Life of Edo/Tokyo

This paper digitally reconstructs street life in Edo (present-day Tokyo), the largest lost city of the pre-modern world. The ephemeral character of the Edo makes the historic urban experience extremely difficult to capture. We argue that the hypothetical digital reconstructions should incorporate evidence on human agency and spatial properties for a holistic simulation of historic street life. We develop a 3D hypothetical reconstruction based on multi-layered historical evidence to unlock the lost character of the Edo streets. It reveals the streets of Edo, including the rhythms of everyday life and the impact of the material culture.

Milan and its lost river: when surviving images represent unique narrations of invisible relationships

One of the most predictable implications of photography consists of the ability to fix some images returning them in a variable timeframe for the observation. In all the major world cities, it is common to incur in some book where recent photos are compared to old ones searching the same point of view in order to make the comparison more accurate and stimulate the critical ability of the observer. An exercise that sometimes stimulates a sort of regret for the past, pointing out a diffused excess of nostalgia for times gone by. Nevertheless, the reality and meaning of modern city images are not always so prosaic. What happens when photographs are evocative of a reality that is completely lost in the collective imaginary even though it still exists and functions, despite being forgotten and buried in the depths of the city? This is the case of very few pictures capable of telling the story of a city, Milan, and its only “real” river, the Olona, whose waters, humiliated and rejected, continue to flow in total amnesia. It is a different story when photography does not have the role of nourishing nostalgia, but the power to make visible and explain the variation of a presence and its progressive obliteration. Some pictures testify to the passage from the bucolic amenity of the river and its banks in a pre-urban context to a muscular urban infrastructure. A rigid channelized river, shown with confidence, is trying to keep its presence, until the moment of its inevitable decline and disappearance. It is in these images that the possibility of reconsidering the Olona as a part of the new project for the city lies.

Intercity connections and a world city network based on international sport events: Empirical studies on the Beijing, London, and Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games

Intercity connections and a world city network based on international sport events: Empirical studies on the Beijing, London, and Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games

Urban climate policy and the Nordic potential for carbon neutrality - the case study of city of Helsinki

The aim of this article is to discuss urban climate policies, with a special focus on Helsinki, the fast growing capital of Finland. The preconditionfor the study is that metropolitan areas in Finland hold a central place fornational climate policies due to their population and economic impact. Thecase study proves that the city, which had disadvantageous conditions for climatesolutions in the early 90’s, has successfully remodelled its approach andpresently joins the group of world cities declaring carbon neutrality in comingyears. The change was possible due to a favourable political climate, a multistakeholderand inclusive approach, public involvement, and the correlationbetween public and private initiatives. The study is based on statistical data,institutional analysis, and a comparison of the strategic documents of the cityof Helsinki in the area of climate planning.

The Stressful Life of the Urban Consumers: The Case of Dhaka City Residents

The present research examines the metropolitan mental life of consumers of Dhaka, which is one of the most densely populated and least livable cities in the world. Though mental life encompasses a range of factors, the study considered the dynamic interplays of the most pertinent ones, such as perceived stress, the sense of control, materialistic values, and religiosity. These variables were measured and quantified by commonly used measurement tools; a recursive structural equation model was constructed to unearth the causal connections among those variables. By using a 57-item questionnaire, the study surveyed 1,068 shoppers living in 10 different zones of the city. The estimated covariance by the multivariate structural equation model indicates that perceived stress is significantly associated with the sense of control, while religiosity and materialistic value-orientation were negatively associated. However, there are no significant relationships between religiosity and sense of control, and materialism and sense of control. Perceived stress and religiosity are found to be positively associated. The estimated independent sample t-tests showed that while no significant difference is found in sense of control by gender, women were more religious, less materialistic, but perceive their lives as more stressful than the men. The findings help to interpret both the cognitive and affective responses of the consumers of urban residents.

التجاوزات على التصميم الأساس لمدينة البغدادي

The sustainable increasing in population coincided with continuous, constructional expansion of cites. It was the beginning of appearing the unlawful seizing of many areas in second world cities and the Iraqi cities in particular. thus it was very difficult for the mentioned cities to stand in front of these problems Al-Baghdadi city is also with in those cities that suffers from the illegal takings of many lands. The study aims to look over these unlawful misappropriating and to find out the reasons which stand behind this case and its locative distribution. The searcher depends on fielding study in checking these problem, through looking for many illegal taking which are not registered in Al-Baghdadi municipal. This study consists of three chapters, the first one is to know the meaning of misappropriating and its causes. The second chapter deals with the qualitative and locative circulation of these illegal behaviors and its affection on the constructional shape of the cites. While the third chapter considers the negative effects of this problem on the towns. This study gives many maps show these unlawful seizing in all districts in addition it gives the final conclusions and recommendation for this problem. Hopefully this study might be approved by all officials and members of governmental people. The study revealed that the abuses appeared clearly after 2007 due to the lack of security, the absence of the law and the difficulty of implementing it with the weakness of the regulatory bodies and the flexibility of some laws that gave the transgressor the right to own property as a reality that led to the exacerbation of the situation of abuses on the water, electricity, health and education services, as well as the abuses on land and streets and green areas.

Measuring the performance of expert-based evaluation method (EBEM) used for listing and grading heritage buildings: the case of Panaji city

PurposeThe identification (listing) and classification (grading) of urban heritage buildings for conservation is a challenging task for urban planners and conservation architects. Most of the world's cities depend on the expert-based evaluation method (EBEM) for listing and grading heritage buildings. The Panaji city in India provided a unique opportunity to assess the performance of the EBEM as two independent agencies carried out the heritage listing and grading process. Considering the case of Panaji, this research aims to measure the performance of EBEM used for listing and grading heritage buildings and identify the issues associated with the existing methodology.Design/methodology/approachThis research presents a comparative analysis of the building listed and graded by the two agencies. The buildings that both agencies graded were identified and analysed using a confusion matrix. The grading classification was tested for accuracy, precision, sensitivity and F-score.FindingsThe result shows a low accuracy and F-score, which reflects the level of buildings misclassified. The misclassification is the product of the lack of standardisation of methodology and the subjectivity level involved in the EBEM.Originality/valueHeritage listing and grading is a time-consuming process, and no city has the time and resource to conduct studies to check the accuracy. The cities in India and across the world, which follow a similar EBEM process, should consider this study's finding and revisit their methodology and develop a more reliable methodology for listing and grading heritage buildings.

NY‐LON 2020: The changing relations between London and New York in corporate globalisation

AbstractLondon and New York are the leading cities in the world of corporate globalisation: their financial, professional, and creative services are at the centre of the commercial connections that constitute the world city network. The relations between the two cities are more complementary than competitive, commonly indicated by the concept of NY‐LON as a trans‐oceanic service conglomerate for facilitating economic globalisation. However, world city network analysis shows London growing its overall servicing connectivity more than New York. This change in the inter‐city relation is investigated through focus on the service connectivity and agglomeration capacities of the two cities. It is found that they share a very similar connectivity regional profile while simultaneously showing stark differences in their service agglomeration sector profiles. This is shown to be the result of London gaining the rapidly growing super‐rich servicing market. Thus while New York continues its long‐term production of financial innovations, London has grown an offshore platform for global capital specifically in the form of the world’s money management centre.

Resisting to spatial exclusion and fighting for economic inclusion: African immigrant traders in the public commercial spaces of the City of Cape Town, South Africa

Around South Africa, the major cities are being narrated around entrepreneurialism, which emphasises competitiveness, innovation and partnership between local government and private corporates in the marketing of the city within and beyond the national borders. A large fraction of the population living in those cities is made up of immigrants from other African countries, who are frequently subjected to economic-driven xenophobic violent attacks by local citizens. African immigrants mostly operate in the informal sector and largely remain on the fringes of the city mainstream economy and social fabric. This article interrogates the extent to which the interventions implemented in the City of Cape Town in South Africa by the authorities, within the framework of reimagining the city as a world city, contribute either to the spatial inclusion or the exclusion of African immigrants’ petty trade activities in the design of urban development. The central argument to the article is that, in the pursuit of the entrepreneurial strategy advocated by the City of Cape Town, there are strong indications that some of these interventions are constraining and repressive, exacerbating the economic and social exclusion of African immigrants. Besides, these interventions have tended to increase the social hostility toward immigrants. Against the repressive law enforcement measures for regulating the urban space, there has been, however, a somewhat progressive public shift toward more accommodating efforts that have benefitted African immigrant business owners. The article is informed by the theoretical perspective on entrepreneurial urban governance and data from empirical sources are used in support of the arguments. The results reported show that in the city of Cape Town, the occupancy of any space for trading purpose is restrained by a bundle of by-laws. In responses to the variety of interventions, business owners have displayed different reactions ranging from compliance to subversive acts including resistance or negotiated arrangements have been at time used to influence the direction of other interventions.

Customer satisfaction in Luxury Hotels in Hong Kong: Investigate the role of service quality

Hong Kong is a tourist hub with a famous name tag “Asia’s World City”. Hong Kong attracts variety of consumers from all around the world and the tourism industry needs the research the factors that are affecting customer satisfaction in Hong Kong luxury hotel industry. This study proposed a SEM to find out the relationship among perceived quality, service quality, tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy that affecting customer satisfaction in Hong Kong luxury hotels. The research framework of this study consist of three constructs including perceived quality, service quality, and customer satisfaction. Seven hypotheses are proposed to study and four hypotheses are accepted. Three hypotheses are rejected and to have no significant relationship with customer satisfaction in this study. At last, the relationship among seven hypotheses effects on customer satisfaction are discussed and suggestions for unsupported hypotheses in context of enhancing customer satisfaction in Hong Kong luxury hotels are discussed as well.

Employee Job Satisfaction and Performance in Association With Workplace Responses to the 9/11 Attacks on New York City's World Trade Center.

Research is needed on disaster-affected workplaces, particularly on employee job satisfaction and performance, to inform workplace responses promoting employee postdisaster adjustment and wellbeing. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from a volunteer sample of 255 employees of eight workplaces affected by the 9/11 attacks on New York City's World Trade Center nearly 3 years post disaster. The effects of 9/11 on both job satisfaction and job performance were more negative than positive, especially for the Ground Zero employees. Effects on job satisfaction and job performance were generally congruent. Workplace responses focused on individual needs were perceived as positive and those focused on workplace needs as negative. Workplace responses focused on business improvement intended to improve workplace performance may not have the desired effect and may reduce employee job satisfaction and performance.

A novel methodology for household waste characterization during the COVID-19 pandemic: case study results.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a large number of the world’s cities to establish quarantines. Much has been said about the environmental impacts of the confinement; however, very little data have been collected related to household waste generation and composition. In this study, the authors propose a novel methodology for the characterization of household waste without having to leave home, by using virtual training and completing forms. The results of the evaluation carried out in late September 2020 in three districts in the Arequipa province, Peru (Districts A, B and C) are presented. A total of 246 people participated in a survey on waste generation and segregation habits, and 44 people participated in the waste characterization study. Taking into account the error of the study, it can only be stated with certainty that waste generation decreased only in District B. The percentage of organic waste declined in Districts A and B, and increased in District C. Composition of hazardous and sanitary wastes increased significantly in all three districts. Each household generated an average of two to four masks and one pair of gloves per week.

Water for Bongo: Creative Adaptation, Resilience & Dar es Salaam's Water Supply

Abstract Global climate change poses a serious threat to the water supplies of the world's cities. This is perhaps no truer than for Dar es Salaam, the largest city and commercial capital of Tanzania. What was eighty years ago a small town of a mere forty thousand residents is today the world's second-fastest growing city, with a population of more than six million. This growth has come despite a history of racist, colonial urban development and the inadequacy of its formal water supply, which services a fraction of the needs of its residents. This essay examines the development of Dar es Salaam's anthropogenic waterscape, or water infrastructure, and argues that the city's tremendous growth has come despite its inability to provide basic services. In the absence of reliable public water, its residents have adapted creatively, developing their own solutions in a way that has drawn on knowledge and practice from rural areas as well as new urban-centered strategies. This history of creative adaptation, and its benefits and drawbacks, provides a useful framework for thinking about the meaning of resilience in Africa's urban centers in an era of increasing climate uncertainty.

'I want to buy my own block of land': Representation of urban settlement communities in Papua New Guinea

Urban settlements are home to around half the urban population of Papua New Guinea. Since the end of the Second World War, PNG towns and cities have experienced significant growth of urban settlements. Urban dwellings were established on customary and untransformed state lands. With limited support for services from government, informal settlements in the urban landscape have often been perceived from the perspective of their deficiencies. However, residents of urban settlement communities play an important role in urban economies. The purpose of this article is to critically review perceptions of settlements and issues affecting settlement communities in PNG, both in the mainstream media and from within settlement communities. The authors first present a media content analysis of reporting on settlement communities on PNG’s main online media sites. Second, they examine urban market vendors’ personal experiences of the challenges and solutions of living in Kamkumung Settlement in Lae. Drawing on storytelling and photovoice workshops with market vendors at Awagasi market, they argue for the need for media actively to include the voices of settlement residents. The article suggests that, by better understanding the context and personal experience of residents, journalists and the media could make a stronger contribution to sustainable development and urban planning in PNG.

Systematic Literature Review: Smart City Framework

Smart cities are currently becoming the trend of large cities in the world and large cities in Indonesia. As the center of human civilization, cities cannot do without the problems of excess capacity and comfort. More and more people are migrating from the countryside to the cities, which brings new problems to the cities. Cities need to change to survive in the future. Strong indicators are needed to support cities, whether in terms of natural environment, society, communities, infrastructure, and education. In this article, we discuss a systematic literature review of research related to smart cities. The systematic literature review is divided into three stages, introduction stage, demographic analysis stage and result analysis. The results reveal important indicators of smart cities based on the conclusions of previous research

Urban Localities under Glocal Dynamics: The Case of Yeldeğirmeni

As the population in world cities grow and urban transformation processes (gentrification, vitalization etc.) gain speed, it seems that both local and global dynamics intermingle. The term “glocal” has been used as the simultaneous occurrence of both universalizing and particularizing trends in contemporary socio-political, and socio-economic systems. Since 1990, many scholars argued that the welfare policies of urbanism are superseded by the “neo-urban politics”. This process ended up with a new focus on local economy and competitiveness that is empowered by the process of glocalisation. As far the as urban transformation/renewal/revitalization is concerned it seems impossible to isolate the process from the global market, city branding and the rising new middle class. In this article the term glocalization will be utilized in the context of İstanbul and it will be employed for having a better understanding the two general problematics: Firstly, how does local politics and competitive processes work under the pressure of globalization (i.e special attractions, branding, organizing international events); secondly how urban politics and local actors get influenced by it. The specific focus in this research will be the case of Yeldeğirmeni in Kadıköy which seems to be known as a positive and participatory model for revitalization in Asian side of İstanbul. However according to the findings of this study %90 percent of the people who reside here about 35- 40 years neighborhood have negative responses to it. The results of this study will be discussed in the context of new urban politics and its glocal consequences.

Far East: how to stop the outflow of people and make it attractive? (Polemical reflections)

The article discusses issues related to the trend of population loss in the Far East, how it affects the economy and living standards of the population, assess measures to contain outflows, formulate tasks that can make the region attractive to investors, the population, and those who want to come here. Causal links between the region's economic specialization and social living conditions are assessed. Efforts to improve life without changing the structure of production do not produce the desired result. It is argued that a change in the economic model, the transition from export-raw materials to industrial development, can change the nature of demographic processes and migration sentiments. Changing the economic paradigm opens the possibility to form a need for absolute population growth, to move from the task of "savings" to the multiplication of the people. The most important components of the new model: integration ties with the Asia-Pacific region, involvement in these processes economic and scientific, and technological potential of Russia, setting priorities. These are activities aimed at the development of the oceans and Cosmos, and Culture, where the country retains credibility in the world community, can be most effectively implemented leadership positions. A critical assessment of the existing spatial organization of life and activities in the Far East is needed. It is proposed to discuss adjustments to the administrative-territorial division, reducing the number of subjects of the federation, uniting or re-reporting some of them. The role-playing functions of the largest cities in the Far East, their specialization, and cooperation are discussed. The national task is proposed to assess the possibilities of forming a World City in eastern Russia in the future. This approach changes the perception of the Far East as a colonial-raw suburb, positioning it at the forefront of interaction with dynamic economies, where the potential for professional growth is superior to other regions of the country and is the main condition for achieving a high standard of living.

Palimpsests and urban pasts: The janus-faced nature of whitechapel.

This article examines how palimpsests in city spaces are mediated and negotiated by pedestrians’ individual everyday experiences. The literature on city spaces and palimpsests is rich; however, it has not examined the sharing and fusing of palimpsests into everyday life. To fill this lacuna, we explore how pedestrians mediate the physical path of the parcellations and the layers of meanings accrued over the years. We describe what we term the “Janus face of Whitechapel Road” that characterizes the multidimensional and ever-changing face of London as a world city. We look at the different traffic hinges distributed throughout the urban setting and track people as they encounter these historical and aesthetic landmarks. The experience of London’s palimpsests is an exemplar of this Janus’s face, governed by transitions, time, duality, and passages.