Linguistic Work Research Articles

Macro-Modeling Linguistic Variability: Expanding the Boundaries of Linguistic Variation Studies (A Comprehensive Review of Russian Linguists’ Works)

This paper presents a comprehensive review of contemporary works by Russian linguists on the topic of linguistic variation. The aim of the review is to identify universal foundations for systematizing the diverse manifestations of this concept in language and speech, as reflected in linguistics. The main focus of the review is on two parameters of macromodeling linguistic variability: structural-level and functional-discursive. The first is associated with “enlarging” the subject of variation studies from phonemes to texts, while the second parameter is related to considering various phenomena of speech activity in terms of variation, such as language consciousness, language personality, and formats of speech activity (goals, discourses, speech genres, etc.). The relevance of this research is determined by the context of the emergence of variation studies as a universal direction in language research. A monitoring of linguistic works on variation shows that linguistics in this aspect is developing along the lines of globalization. The material for this study was collected from publications on Elibrary.ru from 2000 to 2023. The focus was primarily on works that explicitly mentioned concepts related to the ontological manifestations of linguistic variation and the epistemological trend towards their metalinguistic globalization.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ОНЛАЙН-РЕСУРСІВ У ВИКЛАДАННІ НІМЕЦЬКОЇ МОВИ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО СПРЯМУВАННЯ СТУДЕНТАМ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

Innovative approaches to teaching foreign languages based on the use of online resources have the potential to solve this problem and prepare students for the challenges of today's competitive world. At the international level, interest in foreign languages is also growing. The importance of numerous profession-oriented language teaching is increasing and this is of course making ever higher demands foreign language (subject) teaching. The need for foreign language skills at work is rising very quickly and thus gaining adequate specialist language training in today's times is of importance. Communication skills play an important role here. A receptive specialist communicative competence in German is present, if he/she is able, on the basis of a technical text, to draw on the knowledge of his field of expertise to his information needs to be expanded accordingly. In this sense, the area of exploitation of Internet resources is of particular importance. The use of virtual reality creates animmersive learning environment that simulates real-life situations, promotes individualization, and ensures active learning. Online resources provide opportunities for targeted and practical use of the language, ensure effective student interaction, and support independent learning. These innovative methods allow teachers to create structured and dynamic lessons that keep students engaged. The purpose of the study was to investigate the problem of using modern Internet resources in teaching a foreign language for Specific Purposes. Specific research objectives were aimed at addressing the following questions: what types of online resources are most productive for effective linguistic work; whether the analyzed sources are suitable for use in ESP classes; how to adapt existing online resources for students of economic specialties.

Von der Entlehnung über das Codemeshing bis zum Translanguaging: Prozesse, Ergebnisse und Folgen von Sprachkontakt

Abstract This article presents, as a form of opening and outline of problems for the journal issue “Language Contacts/Sprachkontakte”, a synthesized research report concerning processes, results, and consequences of language contact. It systematically summarizes, describes, and interprets research directions, concepts and results of the canonical works of contact linguistics as well as modern, e.g. poststructuralist research. Furthermore, this article serves as a form of think piece that strives to provide impulses for future research. At the center of the description stand the consequences of language contact as a) current results of language contact (e.g. code-switching) and b) specific traces of language contact within a language system that start synchronically but are also diachronically describable (e.g. borrowing).

PECULIARITIES OF SEMANTICS AND GRAMMATICAL ORGANIZATION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH THE NEBO COMPONENT

The article examines the peculiarities of semantics and grammatical organization of phraseological units (further – PUs) with the nebo component. It is noted that both phraseological macro- and microsystems in Ukrainian linguistics began to be intensively studied only in the late XX-early XXI centuries. The purpose of the proposed intelligence is to investigate the place of the PU microsystem with the nebo component in the Ukrainian phraseology, to describe the semantics features, its grammatical organization representing this microsystem. The reference base was thesaurus and phraseological dictionaries of the Ukrainian language, internet sites, as well as the author’s own phraseological catalogue where 28 Pus are subject to analysis, the theoretical and methodological basis of research is the works of Ukrainian linguists, in which individual phraseological micro- and macro-systems are studied. The analysis of the PUs with nebo component gave grounds to summarize: 1. The microsystem of the PUs with the nebo component is relatively small, but rather diverse in its semantic features and grammatical organization; 2. for such PUs, as well as for the whole Ukrainian language in general, the phenomena of polysemy, synonymy and antonymy are characteristic phenomena; 3. the nebo component in such PUs is used in all case forms, with the exception of the vocative case. Most of the PUs of this microsystem is formed with the nebo component in the accusative singular case without a preposition (rarely): nebo prykhylyty with prepositions z: skynuty z neba na zemliu, padaty z neba, yak hrim z yasnoho neba, etc. (only 12 PUs); the least examples – in the dative singular and genitive plural: as hot as the heavens, to raise to the heavens (only 1 PU); 4. almost all syntactic structures in the microsystem of the PUs with the component nebo are presented here as well as for the whole Ukrainian phraseology in general: a) PUs related to the subordinate phrase: lizty do neba, distavaty zori z neba, etc.; b) PUs related to the word combinations: yak nebo vid zemli vyrosty, yak zirok na nebi, etc.; c) PUs as comparatives: khai kaminnia z neba padaie, etc., and two fold: dusha vidlitaie v nebo, as well as the subjunctive part of a compound sentence: de zemlia skhodytsia z nebom, etc.; 5. PUs with the component sky can appear in a sentence as a predicate (simple verb, compound noun, compound verb), circumstance; 6. semantic features and grammatical peculiarities of such PUs should be a subject to run a separate investigation in comparative aspect.

THE FORMATION OF ORTHOGRAPHIC NORM IN GERMAN LANGUAGE

The article is about the formation of orthographic norm in German language since the XVII century up to the present time. The stages of the formation of German orthographic norm are examined with the description of the main characteristics of each of them. On the basis of the research works of prominent Ukrainian and foreign linguists and conference documents related to the formation and codification of a definite orthographic norm in German (Standarddeutsch) from the XVII century up to the present day, a certain simplification of certain spelling rules in modern German and more consistent adherence to the etymological principle of spelling have been revealed. The aim of this paper is to describe the processes of orthographic norm formation in the German language. The object of the research is orthographic peculiarities of the German written language in XVII–XIX centuries. The subject of the research is orthographic changes in the German language in the XVII–XIX centuries. The research is based on the works of prominent Ukrainian and foreign linguists and conference documents related to the formation and codification of a universally accepted orthographic norm in the German language. The conducted research has revealed the ways in which the orthographic norm in the German language has developed. Undoubtedly, all the authors of the various orthographic reforms were motivated to improve German spelling in order to meet the cultural objectives of the German language at every stage of its development. However, only time will show how much the new rules will ease the task of using the German language in writing. In our opinion, the authors of the latest reform avoided radical reforms, which explains, for example, the preservation of capitalization of nouns in German. The results of the study can be useful in lectures on the History of the German Language, Historical Phonetics of the German Language, as well as in teaching and learning a practical course of German.

Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa's “Great(er) Spain”: The Snares ofQuerenciaand the Pitfalls of Cultural Nationalism and FundamentalistHispanismo

AbstractAurelio Macedonio Espinosa (1880–1958) studied Hispanic folklore in the American Southwest, Spain, and Spanish America. His research foregrounds Spanish language, verbal arts, and culture of the people of greater New Mexico (New Mexico and southern Colorado). Three decades into an energetic career of fieldwork, research, and teaching, Espinosa allied himself with Spanish Nationalism, largely motivated by his religious beliefs. His foundational work in linguistics and dialectology endures, but his contributions to US folklore studies have been largely erased. Critics condemn his insistent identification with Peninsular Spanish rather than Mexican cultural roots and his conservative politics. A more likely motivation for his quest for Spanishness is the Historic Geographic theory and methodology he clung to in the search for origins and dissemination of folktales. Peeling back layers of outdated theory and politics reveals decades of solid fieldwork and documentation, still relevant today. The American Folklore Society (AFS) Notable Folklorists of Color 2019 exhibition and 2022 website have rekindled interest in the career of Espinosa, a past president of AFS.

Main innovations of the pandemic period in the Russian language

The subject of the scientific article is the main innovations in the Russian language that appeared during the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze innovations in the Russian language during the pandemic, as well as their classification. The following methods were used in the work: text analysis, comparative analysis, frequency analysis, categorization, deduction method. The results of the work showed that many innovations were formed in the Russian language during the pandemic: new words translated from another language or undergone lexical development; homonymy; dissemination of slang vocabulary; going beyond specialized circles of highly specialized vocabulary; non-usual changes in the scope of semantics; the prevalence of one main discourse in speech and language. The article allows us to understand how social transformations affect language and the linguistic picture of the world. In this regard, the results of the work can be used to create effective communication strategies and understand the various processes unfolding in society. The research can also help improve the procedure for translating various texts, as well as improve intercultural interaction during a pandemic and similar situations. The novelty of the research can be seen both at the theoretical and practical levels. At the theoretical level, the approaches of various authors to recording changes in the field of the Russian language during the Covid-19 pandemic were collected, analyzed and structured. At a practical level, these changes are supported by specific examples that can be useful to philologists, linguists, journalists and any other interested parties who operate with the terminology of the pandemic period and use it in their work. The pandemic has significantly affected the Russian language and led to many changes in it. These innovations were reflected in the works of modern Russian linguists and philologists, as well as in various journalistic materials on the Internet, which became the empirical basis for the study.

THE NATURE OF LINGUISTIC UNITS IN THE CONCEPT OF “HUMAN-WORLD-TIME” IN M. KASHKARI'S WORK “DIVANI LUGAT-IT-TURK”

The concept of “Human-World-Time” is a trinity that informs about the knowledge, existence, lifestyle, national character, civilization and culture, language, religion, and linguistic richness of the entire humanity. Recognition of this trinity through historical records and the study of language history based on the written literature of the Middle Ages contributes to the recognition of lexical, semantic, pragmatic and paradigmatic relations of the language. The article deals with the peculiarity of the Turkic worldview through the linguistic analysis of the nature of linguo-cognitive units in the concept of “Human-World-Time” in M. Kashkari's work “Divani Lugat-it-Turk”. During the research, an overview of the history of the study of Kashkari's works in Kazakh linguistics was made. The main novelty of the research is that the concepts of "Human-World-Time" in the general human knowledge are considered as a trinity for the first time. Although the concept of “Man-World” is widely considered in world linguistics, it is one of the new topics not studied in Kazakh linguistics. Therefore, taking time as a force connecting the world and man, the linguistic units representing the relationship “Human-World-Time” were described in the article. In order to recognize the nation through the frequency of use of the concepts of “Man-World-Time” in the Turkic worldview, examples are given in the form of a table, and an index of human values in the Turkic worldview is presented. The examples are taken from M. Kashkari's “Divani lugat-it-Turk” section titled proverbs and wisdom. It is clearly proven that it is possible to recognize the advanced model of the Turkic worldview and civilization only from this section.

Najstarszy zachowany leksykon przyrodniczy na ziemiach polskich. Z warsztatu filologa i wydawcy. Kwestie edytorskie, perspektywy badawcze

The oldest preserved botanico-medical lexicon in the Polish lands. A report from editorial and philological works. Editorial questions and scientifical problems This article presents the main issues related to the development and critical edition of the oldest manuscript entirely devoted to the subject of botanical, zoological and pharmaceutical and originating from Poland. Such an issue requires a more detailed discussion and precise presentation to a broad audience not only due to the specific and atypical nature of the research papers, differences in the development of common-use Latin texts and literary texts but also due to its importance for other fields of science: the history of pharmacy and medicine. The article comprises the initial status quaestionis over the manuscript number ms225 – the opus of Jan Stanko, dated 1472, stored away in the Archives of the Krakow Cathedral Chapter. The manuscript has not yet been the subject of a detailed study; some crucial remarks on its subject are included in Józef Rostafiński’s Średniowieczna Historya Naturalna w Polsce, published in Cracow in 1900. By profession, Rostafiński was a botanist, thus his coverage vastly differs from the method in which the text would be analysed by a classical philologist and a book publisher. The article provides preliminary findings on the history of the manuscript, its characteristics and peculiarities, and also raises issues related to the methodology of codicological research facilitating the understanding of the text, including the complexity of the lexis used in the text. Parles the specifics of research on ancient texts that are not Piotr Wolski literary works. The final part of the article illustrates the main objectives: source and linguistic research, the principles of editorial work, as well as further research perspectives.

Fan identity and football culture: locating variation in the discursive performance of football fan identities in a UK stadium

ABSTRACT In this article, we critically assess a common discourse of the football fan as hooligan, with the help of insights generated from a linguistic ethnography of football fan behaviour in one of their natural environments – the football stadium during a live match. Football fans have long been stereotypically understood through notions of hooliganism, with violent and aggressive behaviour frequently identified as a marker of this social group. However, researchers like Gary Armstrong have begun to problematize these discourses, claiming that only a tiny minority of football fans are in fact violent. In this article, we contribute to these efforts by drawing on insights gathered from a linguistic ethnography of football fans at an English, League 1 professional football club – Burton Albion Football Club. Researchers collected over 10 h of observational data, primarily in the form of field notes that documented all manner of fan behaviour – including songs, talk directed at players on the field, interactions amongst fans, reactions to on field events – across different sections of the stadium. The findings not only challenge the stereotypical notion of the football fan as hooligan, but they also highlight distinct subcultures being constructed within the same stadium through different behavioural tendencies and expectations regarding acceptable behaviour. These findings not only illustrate that the view of football fans as hooligans is uncritical and unsophisticated, but that our broader understanding of football fans is under theorized. Empirical insights of the kind provided by linguistic ethnographic work can help to challenge unchecked discourses about football fans that are perpetuated without a well-founded evidence base and help locate new dimensions for studying this important group of people in the wider football landscape.

Intrasystemic Contradictions in Punctuation Marks of Appositives and Introductory Words in Ossetian: Causes and Solutions

The subject of analysis is the punctuation marks of appendices and introductory words in the Ossetian — one of the problematic phenomena in contemporary Ossetian studies. The relevance of the study is determined, firstly, by the absence of works in Ossetian linguistics dedicated to the investigation of punctuation theory issues, and secondly, by the necessity of codifying punctuation norms in the Ossetian. The novelty of the research lies in the attempt to conduct a contrastive analysis of the reasons and circumstances of separating appendices and introductory words in Ossetian and Russian, as well as identifying gaps in Ossetian punctuation. It is demonstrated that actual punctuation practice does not deviate from the established norm in cases where the reasons for separating appendices and introductory words coincide in Ossetian and Russian. Special attention is given to the issues of distinguishing appendices and introductory words in positions that have no analogues in the Russian. The significance of word order and the presence of clitics in a sentence for the correct placement of punctuation marks in complex sentences is demonstrated. The punctuation formatting of appendices that have two qualifying words or a common postposition with a qualifying word is justified. The separation of introductory words that are part of an accentual complex is also commented on.

Идеологический компонент военного дискурса

This article analyses the ideological component in the Georgian-language military discourse. It should be noted that the concept of discourse in modern Russian and foreign linguistics is interpreted in different ways, and the range of scientific approaches applicable to it is rather diverse, including linguocognitive, pragmastylistic, linguoculturological and others. The scientific description of the phenomenon of military discourse is limited to a few works. One of the key characteristics of this phenomenon is that its function is to organize communication between the subjects of professional communication, in the particular case, in the armed forces. The subject of research in this paper is the functioning and implementation of the language structures that contribute to the formation of the desired ideological attitudes and values in the addressee. The choice of texts of the military discourse of contemporary Georgia is determined by their accessibility to a wide range of readers (open access), as well as by the fact that to date there are no works related to the study of Georgian-language military texts within the framework of linguistics. Based on the works of Russian and foreign linguists, the main components that characterize military discourse as a separate category are identified. The ideological constituents of military discourse are determined, reflecting the communicative organization of the worldview of its subjects. In addition, lexical characteristics inherent in military discourse are highlighted. We believe that the materials reflected in this paper can be of interest and use to linguists, linguoconflictologists, specialists in intercultural communication and political linguistics as well as in Kartvelian studies.

Depending on Hadith in Abu Bakr Al-Anbari's Book: The Masculine and Feminine

This research is an attempt to highlight the attitude of the Kufian linguists todepending on the Prophet's Hadith, and to show how they use it in reasoningwhat they want to highlight and win. The research sheds light on animportant issue, namely the return of the Kufi language to the Prophet'sHadith and the Prophet's Without verifying what is relevant to his presence,and whether this issue is at the heart of the linguistic work or not.

Proper Name in the Structure of a Literary Text

Proper names are considered within the framework of the macrotext on the example of the texts of modern authors. The role of poetonymsis revealed when working with the image of a hero: naming as an indicator of social status, self-perception of a name, a name in communicative situations, etc. Currently, there is an increase in interest in the study of onomastics, including literary onomastics. A work of art is a special area of the functioning of proper names: here the words correspond not only with the real world, but also with the created reality; not only with modern discourse, but also with the language of the work itself. In the text, onymic units establish associative links. Proper names are an important component in the system of means of artistic expression. There are not so many works devoted to the study of the language of modern prose. In the scientific literature, the proper name’s role in works of fiction has not been fully studied. The subject of this study is proper names in a literary text. The object is the proper names of a literary text in modern prose. The theoretical and methodological basis was the work of domestic and foreign linguists. In the analysis of practical material, a descriptive method was used, systematization of onomastic units was carried out, as well as a generalization regarding the binding role of these linguistic elements in a literary text. The name is the bearer of a certain meaning, which reflects the conceptual intent of the author. It has been established that the choice of proper names in an artwork is determined by the context and is subject to the author’s intention. Proper names play a particularly important role in the structure of a literary text, serving as a key for expressing the author’s creative individuality, principles, beliefs and attitude to the real world. If the writer successfully chooses a name for his hero, then such a name acquires a certain semantic and stylistic load and deepens the emotional and artistic impression of both this image and the whole work as a whole.

Hack your corpus analysis: How AI can assist corpus linguists deal with messy social media data

This short reflection considers the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) language models in supporting the work of corpus linguists. The focus is on how AI can be used in the analysis of complex and 'noisy' data commonly found in social media corpora. These datasets are characterized by unconventional language usage, shorthand, hashtags, emoji, and various other forms of creative expression. The discussion will be grounded in the author's ongoing research into emoji which offers an interesting example of the challenges of working with AI in the context of digital discourse analysis. The primary focus will be on how ChatGPT can support the creation and implementation of regular expressions and code for searching, matching, and manipulating text in corpora. The main objective is to guide the reader through the author's reasoning process as a way of reflecting on the integration of AI technology into the academic practice of corpus linguists.

Negotiating interpretive power: Interpretive practices in journalist-scientist interactions

This study critically examines the notion of interpretation and interpretive practices within journalist-scientist interactions in the news production process. The linguistic ethnographic work in this paper offers rare insights into an intense and lengthy collaboration between a newspaper, university, and government agency as they set up a citizen science project on air quality in Belgium. Our analysis focuses on how journalists and scientists interpret scientific results and how they actively reflect on that interpretation. Beeman and Peterson’s (2001) notion of interpretive practice is adopted as an analytical framework and operationalized by looking into how routine procedures, cultural categories, and social positions from the fields of journalism and science are adapted, negotiated or reflected on in the dataset. The findings show that the scientists go beyond providing data and expertise and are heavily engaged in the interpretive work within the news production process. The close-knit interaction between the scientists and journalists brings about a struggle over whose interpretation should be a part of the final news product and limits the interpretive power of the journalist.

Gender of Purple Manuscripts and the Makeup of Sacred Scriptures

In his letters to Roman aristocratic women about the proper use of scripture, Jerome dismissed purple makeup and any adornment of books with luxurious materials as wasteful distraction from the content of the text. He contrasts makeup and precious clothing with the textual correctness of his scholarly emended manuscripts and with corporal mortification and ascetic practices. Jerome’s dismissal of the materiality and sensuality of books goes hand in hand with a binary gender model that associates the philological work upon the text and the renunciation of its adornment with male scholarship. In order for women to become equal to men through the study of scripture, Jerome extols the performance of a textual asceticism that suppresses the makeup of books and of female bodies alike. His makeup criticism is part of a larger discourse that expresses a persistent fear of a sensual engagement with the materiality of scripture in binary gender stereotypes. A close reading of the purple metaphors employed by Jerome reveals their roots in the rhetorical appraisal of eloquence and poetic language precisely through the materiality of the text.

Theory of Text and Discourse in Linguistic Research

The article is devoted to the history of the study of the theory of text and discourse in linguistic works, the definition of the relationship between concepts, the comparison of the concepts of text and discourse. In the course of the study, the opinions of scientists forming and developing the theory of text and discourse are compared (F. de Saussure, O. Moskalskaya, I. Galperin, O. Akhmanova, A. Bondarko, T. van Dijk, G. Melnikov, A. Baitursynuly, K. Zhubanov, R. Syzdyk, N. Uali, Zh. Mankeeva, Zh. Zhakupov, A. Salkynbay) and general conclusions are given. The linguistic features of the text, the characteristic features of the discourse are determined by the linguistic data. In addition, the analysis of the differences and similarities of the discourse with the text is carried out. The research of the subject, semantic and structural integrity, grammatical patterns in text formation is carried out. Based on the conducted research, the author gives similarities and differences between the concepts of text and discourse. In addition, the scientific text of the scientist M. Balakayev was considered, and stylistic, cognitive, discursive and pragmatic analysis was carried out. Through the text of the scientist, the relationship and specificity between the text and discourse were revealed. The results of the analysis demonstrated that the text is the result of thought, the process property of discourse. This article is relevant for researchers of the theory of text and discourse.

Methods for Forming Lexical Skills in Teaching the Kazakh Language (in classes with non-Kazakh language of instruction)

This article discusses the methodology for the formation of lexical skills in teaching the Kazakh language. In the course of the study, a set of exercises aimed at the formation of lexical skills was developed and presented. The process of forming lexical skills in teaching the Kazakh language at school is considered at a level above the average. The problems of the formation of lexical skills today are becoming the subject of study of the works of many linguists and methodologists. The results of the analysis of domestic literature and the practice of teaching foreign languages allow us to conclude that one of the main problems in the process of teaching vocabulary is the formation of lexical skills. It cannot be said that conducting Kazakh language lessons in the traditional way in the educational process in secondary schools forms lexical skills at a high level. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to test the effectiveness of a set of tasks designed to develop lexical skills at the highest level of education. Durıng study, we have used a set of methods that corresponded to the topic of the article: the method of direct observation, descriptive, data comparison, generalization and interpretation of the information received. Empirical methods were also used as a study of pedagogical practice, a methodological experiment and a survey. The results of the study confirmed the assumption that without fully formed lexical skills it is impossible to conduct an effective educational process when teaching the Kazakh language to schoolchildren, and it was found that lexical skills should be aimed at developing productive activities that allow for language communication.

Identifying and interpreting euphemisms and dysphemisms in RFL classes (the case of political discourse)

This article is devoted to the issue of the need to include in the course of Russian as a foreign language the work on the analysis of Russian-speaking political discourse, the issues of identifying and interpreting euphemisms and dysphemisms in the political discourse, in particular. Euphemisms and dysphemisms are widely used by Russian speakers in a variety of communication situations and speech genres, including political discourse, which makes the research devoted to the systematic description of their functioning in modern Russian-language communication and their place in the Russian language picture of the world urgent. The relevance of the present study is due to the need to integrate the results of cognitive and pragmatic research into the purposeful activities of the teacher of Russian as a foreign language to form the linguistic personality of a foreign student, capable of educational and professional activities in the conditions of multicultural dialogue. The paper deals with the formation of foreign students’ skills and abilities of discursive analysis of the Russian text, identification and interpretation of speech tactics and strategies, the strategy of dominance and resistance, implemented in speech through the use of euphemisms and dysphemisms, in particular. At high levels of proficiency in Russian as a foreign language B2-C1 these skills are a necessary element of the professional competence of humanities professionals. The choice of political texts as the material for the analysis is connected with the fact that for professionals in the humanities, in the field of international relations, in particular, political discourse is a significant sphere of official communication and professional interaction. The aim of the present study is to analyze the theoretical foundations for describing euphemisms and dysphemisms for linguistic and pedagogical purposes, and to develop an approach to creating learning materials aimed at building the skills and abilities of foreign students to recognize hidden meanings and tools of indirect communication in Russian political discourse. The use of the proposed approach helps to develop in foreign students the ability to analyze political discourse and to identify the author’s key and secondary intentions, as well as to improve the skill of operating political terminology and the selection of lexical and verbal means in accordance with the communicative situation and the communicative goals and intentions pursued. The authors relied on the works of domestic and foreign linguists and methodologists in their research. The sociocultural, competence and systemic approaches were used in the research, and the method of complex text analysis and descriptive method were applied.