Working Length Research Articles

Assessment of dental students’ knowledge and performance of master gutta-percha cone selection and fitting during root canal treatment: a pilot study

BackgroundMisconceptions should be detected early in dental students’ training to improve their clinical performance. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess undergraduate dental students’ knowledge and performance of master gutta-percha (GP) cone selection and fitting during clinical endodontic courses at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University.MethodsNinety-nine undergraduate dental students completed an online survey about their knowledge of master GP cone selection. Forty-five of these students were observed by faculty members in clinical endodontic courses while they fitted master GP cones during root canal treatments. The observers recorded the details of each student’s cone-fitting techniques. The data were analysed using t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and chi-square tests (p < 0.05). Inter- and intra-observer reliability were tested using Fliess’ Kappa.Results SurveyAll participants had good knowledge of over-extended cone management, while 80.8% knew how to properly manage a short cone. The proper flaring assessment method was selected by 86.9% of the female and 34.2% of the male students, and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0001).ObservationThe students labelled the working length on the master GP cone with an indentation in 64.4% of the cases and by bending the cone 35.6% of the time. Of all students, 84.4% encountered an apical stop, and this rate correlated significantly with the length of the cone on the master apical cone radiograph (p = 0.001). Improper shaping of the canal was the most common cause of ill-fitting cones (83.3%), while 16.7% of the students chose the wrong cone size. The final obturation length was adequate in 80% of the cases; 57.8% of the students were helped by instructors.ConclusionsMost students had the basic knowledge required to solve problems related to the selection of master GP cones. However, in the clinical setting, more than half of the students required the assistance of an instructor to adjust their cone’s fit. The presence of an apical stop had the most significant effect on the length of the fitted master GP cone on radiography. The most common cause of ill-fitting master cones was improper shaping of the canal.

Identification Of Dry Eye Syndrome Risk Factors In Workers Who Use Visual Display Terminals (VDT)

Dry eye syndrome is a multifactorial disease of the eye air and eye surface which causes symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbances, and instability of the eye air layer which has the potential to damage the eye surface. This condition has an impact on productivity, activities in the work environment, apart from that it also has an impact on lower employment opportunities, decreased working hours and increases a person's inability to work. Using visual display terminals for 5-7 hours/day can significantly increase the incidence of dry eye syndrome. Therefore, paying attention to the risk factors of visual display terminal workers is very important in preventing the occurrence of dry eye syndrome. The research method uses literature studies from several national and international journals obtained from 18 reference sources through searches on PubMed and Google Scholar published in the last 5 years. There were 18 articles with full text that met the inclusion criteria and contained several risk factors associated with the incidence of dry eye syndrome. Risk factors for dry eye syndrome in workers who use visual display terminals include age, gender, screen exposure time, psychological stress, work environment, use of contact lenses, use of drugs and history of surgery, refractive disorders, and length of work. Identification of risk factors for dry eye syndrome in workers who use visual display terminals can reduce the incidence and morbidity associated with this disease. So it can improve the quality of life of workers

Hubungan Lama Kerja dan Penggunaan APD terhadap Kejadian ISPA pada Pekerja PT. Cakra Indo Pratama (CIP) Site Bukit Asam Tanjung Enim

Background: Work duration of more than 5 years has a risk of experiencing symptoms of acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory infections are upper or lower tract diseases, usually infectious and cause various diseases that range from asymptomatic diseases or mild infections to severe and deadly diseases, the need for efforts for occupational safety in PT. CIP workers, Personal Protective Equipment is one of the last efforts for the company to protect its workforce from factors and potential hazards. The purpose of the study: To determine the relationship between length of work and the use of personal protective equipment to acute respiratory infections in PT. CIP field workers. Research Methods: Quantitative type research using analytical observations with a cross-sectional study approach. Results: research using Chi-Square found that the relationship between length of work with the incidence of acute respiratory infections obtained a p value = 0.391, between the use of personal protective equipment with the incidence of , acute respiratory infections obtained a p value = 0.001. Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between length of work and the incidence of acute respiratory infections, while there is a significant relationship between the use of personal protective equipment and the incidence of acute respiratory infections.

간호사의 행복감, 셀프리더십, 간호조직문화 유형이 혁신행동에 미치는 영향

Purpose : This descriptive study aims to identify the influencing factors of happiness, self-leadership, and the nursing organizational culture type of nurses on innovative behavior. Methods : Data were collected from 204 nurses working in 5 hospitals with more than 100 beds in G Metropolitan City from August 15-30, 2022. Data were analyzed though descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS WIN 26.0 program. Results : A statistically significant difference was found in innovative behavior according to the participants' marital status (t＝－2.12, p＜.05), religion (t＝1.98, p＜.05), education level (F＝8.79, p＜.001), total clinical experience (t＝－2.13, p＜.05), length of work with the current nursing unit manager (t＝－2.29, p＜.05), work type (t＝3.76, p＜.001), and satisfaction with the nursing job (F＝12.10, p＜.001). For innovative behavior of the participants, positive correlations were shown in the order of innovation- oriented culture (r＝.55, p＜.001), self-leadership (r＝.54, p＜.001), happiness (r＝.48, p＜.001), work-oriented culture (r＝.40, p＜.001), relationship-oriented culture (r＝.31, p＜.001) and hierarchy-oriented culture (r＝.27, p＜.001). The factors influencing nurses’ innovative behavior were innovation-oriented culture (β＝.36, p＜.001), self-leadership (β＝.26, p＜.001), hierarchical culture (β＝.16, p＜.01), happiness (β＝.14, p ＜.05), work-oriented culture (β＝.14, p＜.05), and work type (β＝.13, p＜.01). These factors showed a 50.9% explanatory power for nurses’ innovative behavior. Conclusion : Therefore, improving the innovative behavior of nurses requires an environment where they can enhance happiness and learn leadership through programs tailored to individual characteristics. Additionally, forming a systematic organizational culture is essential.

辊式枝条捡拾机构运动学仿真与试验分析

Apple tree branches have the physical characteristics of high cellulose content and high elasticity, and the use of traditional soft straw pickers will miss a large number of branches. It is necessary to design a picking mechanism that adapts to the physical characteristics of fruit tree branches. In the treatment of branches in modern orchards, the picking mechanism is an important part of the picking device. The success rate of picking directly affects the processing performance of the whole machine. To improve the picking rate, the roller branch picking mechanism is studied. The trajectory of the roller picking and the stress state of the branches are analyzed, and five main factors affecting the picking effect are obtained, i.e. the position relationship between the rotation center of the picking roller and the feeding roller, inclination angle of the steel teeth, the effective working length, the speed and the forward speed of the machine. A mathematical model is established to obtain the static and dynamic motion trajectories of the roller picking mechanism are obtained by using Matlab. Taking the analysis results of influencing factors as the optimization goal, the picking trajectory of the mechanism is simulated to obtain a set of non-inferior solutions. A roller branch picker is manufactured according to the parameter values and tested in the field, and the picking rate can reach 91%.

The Effect of Job Division, Promotion, Project, Salary, Length of Work With Employee Turnover Using Logistic Regression Analysis

This study aims to examine the effect of job division, employee promotion, projects, salary, and length of work on employee turnover rates in an organization. The use of logistic regression analysis is used to identify factors that contribute to employees' decision to leave their jobs. Data for this study was collected through surveys involving employees in various divisions within the selected organization. The dependent variable is the employee's turnover status (resigning or not resigning), while the independent variable includes job division, employee promotion, project, salary, and length of work. The results of logistic regression analysis show that Employee Salary has a significant influence on employee turnover rate. A competitive salary can be a determining factor in influencing an employee's decision to stay in the job. The results of this study have a sensitivity level of 45%, meaning the goodness of the model in predicting employees who do not leave the company. The results showed that the level of specificity is 82% predicting employees who leave the company so this model is very good in this case. The results of this study provide important insights for organizational management in managing employee turnover rates. By understanding the influence of these factors, organizations can take appropriate steps to increase employee satisfaction, retain valuable talent, and reduce costs and disruptions caused by employee turnover.

Assessment Of Purine Catabolism And Morbidity In Miners Depending On Their Work Experience

Objective — The role of end products of purine metabolism as predictors of the development of pathological changes and diseases caused by the impact of dust on the human body in a professional environment vs. the work experience (duration of underground experience in the field). Material and Methods — We analyzed the content of the end products of purine metabolism in the blood plasma of coal miners depending on the length of working in dusty conditions and evaluated the morbidity in the studied individuals via an analysis of the biomarkers. Results — The median levels of xanthine and uric acid exhibited similar significant trends with a decrease in values with underground work experience under 3 years and an increase in values with 5 or more years of experience. When assessing outcomes 1-3 years after the selection of coal miners into the study, we revealed that both acute diseases (acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI), COVID-19, acute bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia) and chronic diseases were present in all groups. One coal miner (2.9%) from the group with 7-10 years of underground work experience was diagnosed with an occupational disease. The development of radiological changes in the chest organs (pulmonary fibrosis, symptoms of chronic bronchitis) was detected in the groups with an experience of up to 3 years, 3-5 years, 5-7 years, and 7-10 years in 6.4%, 9.4%, 11.1%, and 5.8% of miners, respectively. Conclusion — According to logistic regression data, underground experience of 7-10 years has led to the reduction in the levels of xanthine and uric acid in the blood, which inflicted a statistically significant effect on the development of diseases in miners. Long-term underground work yielded 8.6-fold increase in the risk of developing diseases in miners.

Risk Factor Analysis of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDS) in Woman Shellfish Peeler (Geloina Erosa) in Pantai Cermin District

&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left" valign="top"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Woman shellfish peelers &lt;em&gt;(Geloina Erosa) &lt;/em&gt;are at risk of developing &lt;em&gt;musculoskeletal disease&lt;/em&gt; (MSDS) because of their activities that involve lifting, moving heavy items, carrying weights on the head, bending, or looking up when carrying weights. The majority of women's jobs in Pantai Cermin sub-district are shellfish peelers &lt;em&gt;(Geloina Erosa). &lt;/em&gt;This study aims to identify risk factors for &lt;em&gt;musculoskeletal disease&lt;/em&gt; (MSDS) in female peelers of Kepah Mussels &lt;em&gt;(Geloina Erosa).&lt;/em&gt; Using a cross-sectional study design and quantitative methodology, the population in this study was 45 and The sampling technique used a total sampling of 45 respondents. The data was then analyzed using a correlation test with the help of the SPSS program. The results showed that age, length of work, duration of work, weight, and work posture affect the risk of musculoskeletal disease (MSDs) in female shellfish peelers &lt;em&gt;(Geloina Erosa) &lt;/em&gt;in Pantai Cermin District. But years of service are negatively affected This signifies that the longer a person works, the lower their likelihood of experiencing. One strategy to reduce the possibility of musculoskeletal disease complaints (MSDs) is to increase awareness of work posture, comply with occupational safety health regulations, stretch before starting work to reduce pain in parts of the body that experience musculoskeletal disorders, suggestions for improving sitting posture so that the legs are not bent and rest when the body experiences pain to reduce the risk of complaints. The goal is to prevent work fatigue and complaints of MSDs. Women who do kepah peeling work are also expected to routinely stretch, take adequate rest and to reduce soreness in the calves of female shellfish peelers (Geloina Erosa) in Pantai Cermin District It is recommended to use tables and chairs with parallel heights so as not to bend the legs too much and wrap when stripping shells (Geloina Erosa).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords: MSDS risk, Shellfish peeler (Geloina Erosa), Women, Work Posture&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

Effect of Coronal Flaring on Initial Apical File Size Estimation in Curved Canals Using Three Distinct Rotary Instruments: A Comparative In Vitro Study.

The initial size of a root canal is established by progressively introducing K-files according to the increase in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) size in the apical region. The initial file-fit sensation is caused by coronal interferences rather than always occurring at the apex, as is commonly believed. Flaring the canal at its earliest stages enables the practitioner to accurately assess the size of the canal approaching the apex. This enables more informed judgments on the selection of the master apical file required for shaping and cleaning the apex. The aim of this in vitro study is to examine the impact of cervical flaring on the first estimation of apical file size using three distinct rotary instruments. Sixty-four extracted permanent maxillary first molars with a curvature of between 10⁰ and 20⁰ were chosen. Conventional access openings were made, and the precise length of the canal was determined, leaving it 1 mm short of the apex. The apical fit was deemed to have materialized when the largest file successfully reached the apex, and further progression beyond that depth was unattainable. An initial file that exhibited tactile resistance both before and following expansion at the designated working length (WL) was observed. The initial file that elicited a sensation of being securely attached was affixed using methacrylate into the root canal. A diamond sectioning disc was used to horizontally cut the apical 0.5 mm of the mesiobuccal root. This was done to expose the canal and the instrument at the WL. The uppermost portions were observed using a 3D optical profilometer, and digital photographs were captured for each sample. The occurrence of coronal interferences and the choice of instruments for flaring had a notable impact on the estimation of the initial apical file (IAF) size. The file size frequency was augmented following flaring using various rotary instruments, namely ProTaper, HyFlex CM, and Endoflare. Group 1, which did not undergo preflaring, exhibited the highest disparity of 257.3 ± 54.4. The variation was substantially different (p<0.01) from all the groups that underwent flaring. The use of HyFlex CM (group 3) for preflaring resulted in the smallest average difference (124.4 ± 29.6) between the maximum diameter of the canal at the apex and the diameter of the initial file used. Endoflare (group 4) exhibited the second lowest mean disparity (178.7 ± 46) between the maximum width of the apical root canal and the diameter of the IAF, with the ProTaper group (211 ± 43.5) following closely behind. Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant discrepancy observed in the average differences between groups 2 and 4 (ProTaper and Endoflare groups, respectively). Coronal preflaring significantly contributes to minimizingthe variation between the IAF and the diameter of the apical canal. Prior coronal expansion using rotary files enables a more precise identification of the IAF. The choice of equipment used for flaring affects the estimation of the IAF size.

Evaluation of Obturating Material Removal from Root Canal by Hedstrom and Rotary Retreatment File

An in vitro investigation was conducted to assess the efficacy of Hedstrom and Rotary Retreatment File using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in removing obturating material from moderately to severely curved root canals. Thirty-six removed human molar teeth were split into two groups based on the canal curvature using the Schafer and Schneider method. Each group consisted of 18 teeth. Teeth in Group A had roots that were moderately curved (angles between 10 and 20 degrees), whereas teeth in Group B had roots that were severely curved (angles more than 20 degrees). Following decoronation, each root was ready for obturation using the appropriate rotary files, following the manufacturer’s recommendations. Using the CBCT image, the total surface area of the root canals in the axial cross-section and the volume analysis of the obturated area were calculated. H files were used to retreat half of each group, while Rotary (ProTaper) retreatment files were used for the other half, in accordance with their retreatment protocol. It was noted how long it took to reach the working length and remove all obturating items. Cone beam computed tomography and Auto CAD software are used to analyze the surface area and volume of any residual obturating material in the canal after it has been completely removed. An analysis of the data using the ANOVA test was conducted between four groups. When p &lt; 0.05 was reached, it was deemed statistically significant. Rotary retreatment files were discovered to be the most efficient method for removing obturating material and to take the least amount of time to achieve working length. Compared to the Rotary retreatment file, the H file left greater residue in the root canal. Compared to moderately curved root canal groups, severely curved root canal groups have noticeably more residues. In all four groups, the apical part had more residues than the middle and coronal portions. The obturating substance in the root canal could not be entirely removed using any of the retreatment procedures. Furthermore, there was no advantage in terms of root-filling removal’s effectiveness.

Comparative Evaluation of Penetrability of Various Bioceramic Sealers into the Tubules of Radicular Dentin

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the penetration depth and persistence of sealer residues in obturated canals with three different bioceramic sealers using confocal microscopy. Materials and Methods: In total, 60 single-rooted human premolars were selected and decoronated to maintain the working length of 14 mm. The samples were biomechanically prepared and obturated with Protaper Universal GP coated with three different bioceramic sealers, that is, CeraSeal RC, Bio-C and MTA Fillapex. The specimens were divided into three groups ( n = 20) depending on the sealer used. Rhodamine B fluorescent dye was added to the sealers before using them for obturation. The obturated samples were sealed and placed in 100% humidity at 37oC for 7 days. Gutta-percha was removed from all the samples using retreatment files. Each sample was horizontally sectioned into 2 mm thick slices at 3 mm and 5 mm from the apex, which were analysed under a confocal scanning microscope to detect the depth of penetration of sealer into the dentinal tubules. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests. Results: Intergroup comparison of penetration depth at 3 mm showed that the mean depth of penetration among CeraSeal samples was found to be significantly more as compared to the other two materials, while, no statistically significant difference was found among Bio-C and MTA Fillapex with the significance level established at 5% ( P &lt; .05). Similarly, an intergroup comparison of penetration depth at 5 mm showed that the mean depth of penetration among CeraSeal samples was found to be significantly more as compared to the other two materials, while, no statistically significant difference was found among Bio-C and MTA Fillapex. CeraSeal RC sealer showed significantly higher depth of penetration than Bio-C and MTA Fillapex. Conclusion: All bioceramic sealers show a significant penetration into the dentinal tubules. However, none of the sealers was completely removed from the tubules following retreatment.

The Influence of Factors Affecting Labor Productivity on Gold Jewelry Crafts in Karang Pule Village, Sekarbela, Mataram

This research aims to analyze the influence of education, age, wages and length of work on labor productivity in gold jewelry crafts in Karang Pule Village, Sekarbela Environment, Mataram City. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. Testing was carried out on 51 respondents spread across three neighborhoods in Karang Pule Village, namely, West Pande Mas, East Pande Mas, and Pande Besi. The data used in this research is primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The analytical tools used are multiple linear regression, simultaneous determination test (R2), t test, and simultaneous regression coefficient significance test (F test). The results of the analysis show that the variables education, age, wages and length of work together (simultaneously) have a positive and significant effect on labor productivity in gold jewelry crafts in the Sekarbela area, Karang Pule sub-district with a significant value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05. Individually (partially), the Wage and Length of Work variables on Gold Jewelry Crafts in the Sekarbela Environment, Karang Pule Subdistrict have a positive and significant effect on labor productivity, with a significant value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05, while the education and age variables have a positive but not significant effect on labor productivity in Gold Jewelry Crafts in the Sekarbela Environment, Karang Pule Village with a significant value of 0.126 &gt; 0.05 for education and 0.194 &gt; 0.05 for age.

Hubungan Pengetahuan Pencegahan Infeksi Dan Masa Kerja Perawat Dengan Perilaku Pencegahan Infeksi Luka Operasi Di RS Gatot Soebroto Tahun 2023

Surgical wound infection is a serious problem in patient care in hospitals. This infection can cause increased morbidity, mortality, increased length of stay as well as costs and patient demands. This can be closely related to the quality and services of hospitals, which will also affect the credibility of health services. Nurses are the people who have the most contact with patients, therefore nurses' behavior is very influential in implementing procedures to prevent surgical wound infections. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and length of work with nurses' behavior in efforts to prevent surgical wound infections at Gatot Soebroto Hospital in 2023. This research method is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design approach. Using a total sampling technique of 60 people. Data collection was carried out by assessment using knowledge questionnaire instruments and intra-operative behavior checklists. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Spearman rho test correlation technique. The research results showed that 21 nurses (35%) had less knowledge. Nurses who have worked for less than 6 years are 37%, nurses who have worked for more than 10 years are 40%. Nurses with bad behavior had a higher number of 53.3%. The results of the Spearman rho test showed that (1) there was a relationship between nurses' knowledge of the behavior of preventing surgical wound infections with a p value = 0.000, meaning p &gt; 0.05 (r = 0.616), (2) there was a relationship between the length of service of nurses and the behavior of preventing wound infections. operation with a p value = 0.006 means p &gt; 0.05 (r = 0.349). The conclusion is that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and behavior of nurses and there is a significant relationship between length of service and behavior of nurses in efforts to prevent surgical wound infections. The research suggestion is for hospital management to increase nurses' knowledge in the form of training, workshops and regular supervision,

The flaring efficiency of the Profile and Protaper on resin simulated root canals

Forty resin simulated root canals with standardized curvature prepared for thisstudy, divided into four groups ten canals for each group. Thirty canals were preparedwith rotary endodontic instruments, profile 04, profile 04, 06 and protaper, ten canalsfor each type, with slow speed contra angle hand piece (300 rpm) using crown — downtechnique the other l0 canals were prepared with stainless steel k-flexo handinstrument using step — back technique. The total time required for preparation wascalculated. The resin blocks were scanned; the pre-instrumented and post -instrumented images were stored in the computer and superimposed for twodimensional evaluation of canals preparation using Adobe photoshope 8.0 and Coreldraw 9. For the coronal portion the amount of canal substance removed wascalculated at 7mm, 9mm, llmm levels from the working length. For the apicalcurvature the centering ratio was calculated at 2mm and 4mm level from the workinglength. The results showed that the amount of canal substance removed from thecoronal portion by protaper was statistically higher than other groups with statisticallyless ability to stay center in the canal than profile rotary instruments but more abilityto preserve apical curvature than k-flexo hand instruments with less time required forpreparation. K-flexo files showed statistically less amount of canal substance removalat coronal portion and statistically higher centering ratio than other groups, andrequire more time for canals preparation .&#x0D;

A comparison of spreader penetration depth and load required in curved canal using two types of spreaders

The aim of the present study was to compare nickel titanium and stainlesssteel spreaders penetration depth and load in lateral compaction. Thirty curved mesialcanals of extracted mandibular molars were used in the study. The canals wereprepared using step-back technique with Gates-Glidden. Afterward the teeth weredivided randomly into 2 groups. In part 1 of the study, the force required to inserteach spreader to within 1 mm of the working length in an empty canal was measured .In part 2, the force required to insert each spreader to within 2 mm of the workinglength was measured in canal containing a master cone. ln part 3, the depth ofpenetration of each spreader with a master cone in place using a 1.5 kg force wasmeasured. Using a t-test for paired samples, the results from pan 1 showed that nickeltitanium spreader required high significantly less force than stainless steels reader P&lt;0.01 . ln part 2, a nickel titanium s reader re uired high si niticantl lessforce than a stainless steel spreader .As expected in part 3, a nickel titanium spreaderpenetrated to a significantly high depth than stainless steel spreader (P&lt;0.0l

Investment decisions for Indonesian workers: case study of migrant workers in Joho Village, Tulungagung Regency

This research aims to determine the factors that influence investment decisions for foreign workers in Joho Village, Kalidawir District, Tulungagung Regency. The population is 200 people, and the sample taken in this research was 30 by direct interview. This research uses a quantitative approach with an associative research type and a sampling method using simple random sampling or random sampling. The data management tool used in this research is the SPSS 20 application with binary logistic regression analysis. The variables used in this research consist of seven variables, namely gender, age, education, number of dependents, destination country, length of work, and income. The research results show that gender does not influence investment decisions for foreign workers in Joho Village. Age does not influence investment decisions for foreign workers in Joho Village. Education does not influence investment decisions for foreign workers in Joho Village. The number of dependents does not influence investment decisions for foreign workers in Joho Village. The destination country does not influence TKI's investment decisions in Joho Village and income does not influence TKI's investment decisions in Joho Village.

Comparative evaluation of volumetric changes following rotary and hand files' canal preparation of primary maxillary canine: an in vitro nano-CT analysis.

To evaluate the volumetric changes of two recently introduced paediatric rotary file systems in comparison with conventional hand file systems in primary maxillary canines using an ultra-high-resolution nano-computed tomography. This in vitro study was performed in extracted primary maxillary canines based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Samples were prepared, and working length was determined after the pre-operative scan using a high-resolution nano-CT device (SkyScan 2214, Bruker, Kontich, Belgium). A single well-experienced paediatric dentist prepared the canals using three file systems: Kedo-S plus, Kedo-SG blue and hand K-files. All samples were subjected to post-operative scans performed similar to pre-operative scans. Image reconstruction was performed with NRecon software for 3D volumetric visualisation and analysis of the root canals. Kedo-SG blue file systems had the highest mean difference in the canal volume (4.05%). Hand K-files had the least difference at (3.71%) of canal volume. Kedo-S plus file system had a moderate mean canal volume difference (3.82%) which is closer to hand K-files. Intergroup comparison between the three groups showed that the mean difference in canal volume was statistically significant between all three file systems (p = 0.000). Within the limitations of the current study, rotary file systems produced a significant enlargement of canals as compared to hand files. Kedo-SG blue created a uniform preparation of the canal cervico-apically. Kedo-S plus files were prepared more coronally with minimal preparation apically as close to the preparation of hand files. Trial registration number: IHEC/SDC/PEDO-2103/22/651, Date of registration: 2022.

The effect of body weight on interfragmentary fracture strain in plate fixation of distal femur fractures: A finite element analysis

IntroductionDistal femur fractures are difficult to successfully treat due to high rates of nonunion. Obesity is an independent prognostic risk factor for nonunion. Advances in finite element analyses (FEAs) have allowed researchers to better understand the performance and behavior of constructs at the bone-implant interface under a variety of conditions. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of body weight on fracture strain in a lateral locking plate construct for supracondylar femur fractures and whether additional construct rigidity is beneficial to optimize fracture strain in high body mass patients. HypothesisWe hypothesized that increased loads would produce a higher interfragmentary strain (IFS), which could be decreased by shortening the working length of the construct. Materials and methodsA 3D finite element analysis was performed on two separate femur models with a comminuted supracondylar distal femur fracture fixed with a lateral distal femoral locking plate in bridging mode with Ansys software. Axial forces were varied to recreate the effect of load from normal and high body mass patients. Working length and screw density of the construct were varied for each condition. Measurements of interfragmentary strain and shear motion (SM) were compared. ResultsDoubling the axial load from 70kg (control) to 140kg (high body mass) increased the interfragmentary strain by an average of 76% for the three working lengths (3.38%±1.67% to 4.37%±0.88% at the baseline working length (BWL), 1.42%±1.00% to 2.87%±2.02% at the intermediate working length (IWL) and 0.62%±0.22% to 1.22%±0.42% at the short working length (SWL)). On average, decreasing the working length in the 140kg load reduced the mean IFS to within 15% of the mean IFS of the 70kg load at the longer working length (2.87%±2.02% at IWL 140kg versus 3.38%±1.67% at BWL 70kg and 1.22%±0.45% SWL 140kg versus 1.42±1.00% IWL 70kg). DiscussionIncreased axial load increases interfragmentary strain in an AO/OTA 33A distal femur fracture fixed with a lateral distal femoral locking plate. Decreasing the working length of the fixation construct in the high body mass model decreased interfragmentary strain. Higher loading conditions reflective of high body mass patients should be considered in studies investigating optimization of fracture strain. Level of proofV; Finite Element Analysis (FEA).

Factors That Influence The Performance Of Emergency Installation Nurses At Bunda Thamrin Medan Hospital in 2018

Nurses as one of health workers in the hospital having an important role in achieving health development goals. The success of health services depends on the participation of nurses to provide high quality care nursing for patients . This research is quantitative and uses cross sectional design. The purpose of this research is to see what factors that can influence the performance of the emergency room in Bunda Thamrin Hospital Medan 2018. This research use total sampling or exhausted sampling and The source data of this research is using questionnaires and then followed by using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis with the SPSS program. The results of this research is that work load (p=0,000), stress of work (p=0,000),competition (p=0,000), incentive (p=0,000),length of working (p=0,000) have influences for performance of nurses. After multivariate analysis the most influential variable is work load (p=0,000. The result showed that there was correlation between work load, stress of work, competition, incentive, length of working has influences against work performances of nurses. Therefore, there is a need to improve nursing service that can be made to improve the performance of nurses with increased knowledge through education nursing sustainable and improving skills nursing is absolutely necessary. The arrangement of a work conducive environment is so important, so that nurses can work effectively and efficiently .Creating a work that could lead to a nurse to do the best.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords : nurse performance, work load, work stress, competition, incentive, length of working

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Burnout Syndrome among Healthcare Workers in Batakte Health Center, Kupang Regency

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence Burnout Syndrome in health workers at the Batakte Health Center, Kupang Regency. The method used is a quantitative research method with a cross sectional design. The sampling technique uses total sampling. The results showed that the results of the chi-square analysis showed no effect of age (p = 0.771), gender (p = 0.375), education (p = 1.000) on the incidence of burnout syndrome in health workers in the Working Area of the Batakte Health Center, Kupang Regency. There is an influence of marital status (p = 0.033), length of work (p = 0.002), workload (p = 0.001), social support (p = 0.002) on the incidence of burnout syndrome in health workers in the Working Area of the Batakte Health Center, Kupang Regency. Simultaneously, the variables of length of work (OR 6.352), workload (OR 6.647) and social support (OR 4.555) have an influence on the incidence of burnout syndrome in health workers in the Working Area of the Batakte Health Center, Kupang Regency. The workload variable is the most dominant variable that has an influence on the incidence of burnout syndrome in health workers with OR (7.163), p=0.000, CI=2.466-20.808. In conclusion, the factors that influence Burnout Syndrome in health workers are workload.