Work Environment Factors Research Articles

Work participation of elderly construction workers. A systematic review and qualitative analysis

Abstract Background Trends towards longer labor market participation are seen in international policies. In the EU countries, labor force participation rate for those past 60 years of age, has been raised extensively for the past decade. In 2035 Danish workers are expected to work till 69 years of age. The aim of the study was twofold, firstly to identify and synthesize findings from former studies of factors of importance in construction workers (age 55+) work participation and secondly to understand and explore how construction workers experience their work participation. Methods A systematic review and integrative thematic synthesis of qualitative and quantitative studies aiming to identify factors of importance in construction workers work participation were carried out followed by individual interview 20 Danish construction workers and thematic analysis. Results Four themes illustrating factors influencing construction workers work participation were identified in the review. Theme 1 Socioeconomical and cultural factors, Theme 2 Legislation and policy, Theme 3 Workplace factors and Theme 4 Individual factors. The identified themes helped structure the interview guide. Preliminary results of the individual interviews provide a deeper understanding of how both individual, social and workplace factors interacts and how it is possible for construction workers to compensate from the experienced age-related physical limitations. Elderly construction workers adjust and compensate for demanding work tasks by receiving support from co-workers and having less demanding work tasks during their workday. Both physical and psychosocial work environment and employers’ attitudes towards elderly workers seems to be significant for their ability for working late in life. Conclusions The interplay between individual, psychosocial, and work environmental factors are affecting elderly construction workers work participation which have an impact on their work retention late in life. Key messages • Elderly construction workers work participation depends on the physical and the psychosocial work environment and possibilities for adjustment and compensation for performing demanding work tasks. • individual, social and workplace factors interacts and how it is possible for construction workers to compensate from the experienced age-related physical limitations.

Sick at work and future sickness absence - a prospective study of two measures of sickness presence

Abstract Background Sickness presence (SP), or going to work despite being ill, is a common way of practicing sickness absence (SA). However, its consequences for long-term SA are poorly understood, and there is no consensus on how to measure SP. This study aims to examine the consequences of SP on long-term sickness absence (>14 days) using two different measures. Methods Data from a Danish public human service organization were analyzed, with approximately 2400 employees answering questionnaires in November 2019, yielding a response rate of 50%. Information on SA, work environment, self-reported health, SP episodes, and sociodemographic information were included in negative binomial regression models. The outcome variable was prospective episodes of SA (>14 days) taken from the SA register of the organization. Two different ways of measuring SP were used: a traditional measure of overall SP frequency and a measure of going to work with specific symptoms (fever, cold, headache, musculoskeletal pain). Results Participants who reported SP frequency of more than 10 times during the last 6 months had a two-fold risk of long-term SA (IRR: 2.19 (95%CI 1.09-4.58)) in the follow-up period. This risk remained significant even after adjusting for work environment factors, sociodemographic factors, self-rated health, and spells of sickness absence in the previous year. Going to work with fever (IR: 1.43) or cold (IR: 1.48) was also associated with long-term SA in the follow-up period. Conclusions SP may negatively impact employees’ health status and increase long-term sickness absence. Health professionals should be aware of the negative consequences of focusing solely on reducing short-term sickness absence especially if they inadvertently encourage employees to substitute sickness presence for sickness absence. Key messages • Going to work despite having ill health is common but may have adverse health consequences and lead to long-term sickness absence. • Focusing narrowly on reducing short-term sickness absence might be a bad idea for public health. Employees might feel encouraged to go ill to work which could increase future sick leave.

Can Job Demands and Job Resources Predict Bystander Behaviour in Workplace Bullying? A Longitudinal Study

AbstractBystanders can affect workplace bullying by engaging in active or passive behaviours. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding how perceived work environment factors relate to bystander behaviour. The study aim was to investigate how job demands, and job resources are associated with bystander behaviour in workplace bullying. An online questionnaire was distributed to a sample of health care workers at two time points. Longitudinal data were obtained from 1144 respondents. Cross-lagged panel models were used to investigate associations between job demands, job resources, and bystander behaviours over time. The results showed that social support was positively related to active behaviours, whereas influence at work was negatively related to both active and passive behaviours. Perceived illegitimate tasks were negatively related to active and positively related to passive behaviours, whereas emotional demands had an unanticipated opposite pattern of relationships. The findings provide new information about how factors in the organisational and social work environment are associated with active and passive bystander behaviours in workplace bullying. Specifically, the results expand current understanding of workplace bullying by relating bystander behaviour to the organisational context.

Understanding factors related to healthcare avoidance for menstrual disorders and menopausal symptoms: A cross-sectional study among women in Japan

This study explored the factors associated with healthcare avoidance behavior for menstrual disorders and menopausal symptoms among women in Japan. Using data from a nationally representative cross-sectional online survey conducted in September 2022, responses from 4,950 women aged 25–59 were analyzed. This study applied binomial logistic regression models specifically to participants who reported having ever felt the need to seek healthcare assistance due to health issues related to menstruation and menopause. We computed adjusted odds ratios for key sociodemographic traits, work environment factors, health literacy, menstrual and menopausal symptoms, and attitudes and understanding regarding women’s health, associated with healthcare avoidance behavior in the past 12 months. As a sensitivity analysis, a regression was performed limited to those who are working. The results showed that 50.6% of respondents recognized the need for healthcare support for menstrual or menopausal health issues, but 22.8% exhibited healthcare avoidance in the past year. Younger and high-income individuals showed higher avoidance rates. Those with diagnosed gynecological conditions and those perceiving menstrual pain as something to endure also displayed increased avoidance tendencies. Women experiencing significant health effects beyond work and those lacking understanding of the purpose of health check-ups were more prone to healthcare avoidance. Our results underscore the importance of implementing strategically tailored health education initiatives, and re-examining societal attitudes concerning women's health, in order to cultivate enhanced healthcare-seeking behaviors among women.

The Implementation of K3 Culture Towards Employee Productivity

The implementation of an K3 culture really depends on the employee's level of knowledge, workload and work environment. Workers know about the risks that may occur, but because there is no sanction from the company, workers do not comply with the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in implementing K3. The aim of this research is to determine the implementation of K3 in the form of employee personal protective equipment in terms of the knowledge, workload and work environment factors of employees at PT. Bahana Prima Nusantara. This research uses a qualitative method that digs deeper into the extent of the implementation of personal protective equipment in the K3 culture on employee productivity, where the number of informants is 5 people. As for the data collection method, it consists of primary data obtained from interviews, while secondary data is obtained from other supporting data. The conclusion from the research results is that workers' lack of knowledge has an impact on employee work productivity, excessive workload can affect employee productivity, and a comfortable and enjoyable work environment will form a productive work culture.

Alternative Work Scheme: The Relationship to the Personal and Professional Life

Personal life and professional life are two significant grounds that may affect one another. A profession can distract personal life while personal life can hinder professional life. Both conflicts may lead to unfavorable outcomes in personal and professional life. The study focused on the experiences of the faculty from Polytechnic University of the Philippines Bataan Branch during the implementation of an alternative work scheme because of quarantine implementation and a series of lockdowns. Forty-six (46) or 70% faculty members participated in the study regardless of their status. It was conducted during the Academic Year 2020 to 2021, second Semester. The study revealed that time management was found out to have a positive correlation to availability, preparation, and work environment at a low extent but negatively correlated to the family conflict to a moderate extent. On the other hand, time management has a positive correlation to the overall home-related factors to a moderate extent. Instructional materials were found out to have a positive correlation to availability, work environment, internet connection, and overall home-related factors to a moderate extent. Class monitoring was positively correlated to availability, work environment, and to the internet connection to a low extent but negatively correlated to a low extent with family conflict. On the contrary, class monitoring has a positive correlation to a moderate extent to overall home-related factors. Overall work-related factors were found out to be positively correlated to availability, preparation, work environment, internet connection, and overall home-related factors to a moderate extent.

The Influence of Job Satisfaction, Work Environment and Workload on Loyalty of National Sharia Bank Employees

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how employee loyalty is impacted by workload, work environment, and job satisfaction. The national sharia bank at Indonesia's headquarters served as the research site for this study, which employed a quantitative methodology. Only 100 permanent employees were utilized as the sample in this study, which used incidental sampling and the Slovin technique to determine the number of responders. A questionnaire was utilized to collect data, which was then subjected to route analysis for analysis. The findings of this study suggest that Workload and Work Environment, two paths or sub-structural factors, have a considerable, simultaneous, or partial impact on Job Satisfaction. Path 2, or sub-structural 2, has as a result that Workload, Work Environment, and Job Satisfaction have a strong, simultaneous, and partial impact on Employee Loyalty.

Contribution of compositional changes in the workforce to sickness absence trends in Finland

In this study, we assessed whether the long-term decrease in sickness absences in Finland is explained by observed and unobserved compositional changes in the workforce. Utilizing register-based panel data on Finnish wage earners aged 30–62, we examined the annual onset of compensated sickness absence (granted after 10 weekdays) in the period 2005–2016. We applied random effects models adjusting for changes in the observed sociodemographic and occupational characteristics of the study population. We also applied fixed effects models, with corrections of the estimates for cohort ageing, to additionally account for the unobserved time-invariant characteristics of the study population over the years. Of the observed characteristics, increasing educational level partly explained the decreasing trend in sickness absences, and the further contribution of the occupational class was weak. Additionally, accounting for unobserved individual characteristics further explained the decreasing trend in sickness absences among those aged 30–47 years and led to a reverse increasing trend among those aged 48–62 years irrespective of sex and employment sector. Particularly for those over 47 years old, the decrease in sickness absences appeared to be more strongly influenced by compositional changes in characteristics that are established before fully entering the labour market — such as educational level as well as unmeasured individual characteristics that remain unchanged after childhood and early adulthood — than in the work environment or other factors contributing at working age. Sickness absence trends fluctuated during economic cycles, which did not appear to be explained by immediate changes in the observed or unobserved characteristics. Different mechanisms are likely to explain long-term sickness absence trends and trends around economic cycles. Attempts to improve work ability and labour market inclusion in long-term should rely more on increasing educational levels among the workforce and on interventions carried out early during the life course.

ANALISIS FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN KERJA, KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI TERHADAP SEMANGAT KERJA GURU MTSN DI KABUPATEN BIREUEN PROVINSI ACEH

The research aims to analyze and obtain empirical input on the facts that occur in the research object relating to the influence of work environment factors, individual characteristics of teachers and school organizations on the work spirit of State Madrasah Tsanawiyah teachers (MTSN) in Bireuen Regency. In the form of a survey with data collection through questionnaires. Described quantitatively by analyzing the problem using a path analysis model. The results were found; 1) there is a causal relationship between work environment variables, individual characteristics of teachers and school organizations with an average correlation level of 0.475 or medium category, 2) there is a direct and indirect influence of the work environment on teacher morale of 36.05%. Meanwhile, individual characteristic factors were 57.87% and organizational factors were 52.91%. 3) Simultaneously the work environment, individual and organizational characteristics contribute 48,7% to teacher morale

Exploring Risk Factors of Psychological Distress among Chinese Medical Workforce

As the pioneer in responding COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, many problems were exposed in the health system, which was concealed and neglected before the pandemic, especially mental health wellness among health workers. This paper focused on the risk factor in the health work environment, to find the external reasons for health workers as this is the most obvious and examinable way to target the association. Different risk factors in the Chinese health workplace indicated one risk factor which influences health workers in one circumstance, could also exist in other contexts. In conclusion, there is not only one risk factor associated with mental health problems, but various factors work together to trigger the bad influence. The suggestion is to pay more attention to health workers mental health wellness by monitoring their mental health status constantly, therefore, implement the intervention timely. Research and policy reviews are required for providing health workers with better circumstances, to support and sustain their mental health and well-being. Further studies are required in the Chinese rural context, as there are more challenging treatments that still require the intervention of medical professionals, and the risk factors present in remote areas may be different from those in urban medicine, so the reasons for affecting the mental health of medical staff may be different.

The Influence of Work Environmental Risk Factors on Fatigue in The Construction Industry: A Review of Literature

Introduction The construction workers are performing manual tasks in harsh conditions. Various environmental risk factors could have significant influence on work fatigue. Methods This review article discussed the environmental causal factors which involved in work fatigue development in the occupational health perspective, with the aim in enhancing the body of knowledge specifically in the construction industry so that mitigation measures and interventions can be formulated and implemented for fatigue prevention and productivity enhancement. Results Data derived from a total of 11 relevant articles identified climatic heat, vibration and elevation change as the major risk factors that associated with work fatigue. The mechanism of the environmental factors’ influences on muscle, mental and visual fatigue were understood, pointedly the underlying physiological alteration. Additionally, appropriate preventive measures in accordance to the OSHA guides including work-break cycles, work management, cool-down arrangements with drinking water were discussed. The limitation of existing OSH requirements on work limits at heat exposure was recognized, including the lack of consideration on personal characteristics therefore might inaccurately estimate the personal heat tolerance time. Conclusions The proper understanding of the environmental stressors and its impact on workers production and safety performance may help construction organisations and regulatory body to develop strategies for workers protection and fatigue-related accidents prevention. Keywords Environmental influence - Risk factors - Fatigue - Construction

Behavior-Based Formation Control Digital Twin for Multi-AUG in Edge Computing

The new generation of artificial intelligence technology has improved the autonomous monitoring capabilities of marine equipment. The ocean monitoring platform based on edge computing realizes the autonomous collaboration of multi-agent equipment groups. Autonomous Underwater Glider (AUG) is a new type of energy-saving marine equipment that can realize long-range ocean exploration. However, the non-negligible power constraints, time delays, communication failures and other unfavorable factors in the special underwater working environment have brought great challenges to the underwater monitoring operations of multi-AUG systems. This research establishes an improved artificial potential field method scheme based on the Maritime Internet of Things, which is based on the AUG leader's edge device to control multi-AUGs. In this process, an improved artificial potential field method is designed to solve the local optimal problem through behavior-based path optimization. Then, multi-AUGs are controlled to adapt to the task team plan based on the edge computing of the AUG leader. From the experimental results, it effectively realizes the AUG group cooperative control in the leader mode. Meanwhile, we established a marine communication model and AUG physics engine control model to complete a digital twin of multi-AUG monitoring tasks.

Stress situation and associated factors among nursre in clinical departments at Sa Dec General Hospital, Dong Thap province, in 2021

Objectives: Nursing is an occupation that has high levels of stress. This study was to find out the degree of work-related stress among nurses and some associated factors at Sa Dec General Hospital, Dong Thap province in 2021. Methods: This cross-sectional survey design study was conducted with the participation of 200 nurses in clinical departments of the Sa Dec General Hospital, Dong Thap province, in 2021. Results: 29% of nurses had stress. Divided by four levels of stress, 17.0% nurses had mild stress, 7.0% had moderate stress, 3.0% had severe stress and 2.0% had extremely severe stress. Some factors of job characteristics were associated to the stress’s nurses: work overload; high intensity workplace; a large number of patients requiring care per day; witnessing the patient’dead dying and pain. Working environment factors were associated with increased stress of nurses: facilities and work equipment; cramped space; working in a noisy workplace; working in conditions of extreme heat; being disrespected, no opportunities for further professional learning. Conclusions: The hospital need to ensure a suitable workload for nurses and to avoid exceeding the capacity of the nurse. Workplace condition in hospital should be improve. Keywords: Nursing, clinical department, hospital, mental health, stress.

The Norwegian version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III): Initial validation study using a national sample of registered nurses.

Employers are legally obligated to ensure the safety and health of employees, including the organizational and psychosocial working environment. The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III) covers multiple dimensions of the work environment. COPSOQ III has three parts: a) work environment b) conflicts and offensive behaviours and c) health and welfare. We translated all three parts into Norwegian and evaluated the statistical properties of the 28 work environment dimensions in part a), using a sample of registered nurses. The original English version was translated into Norwegian and back translated into English; the two versions were compared, and adjustments made. In total, 86 of 99 items from the translated version were included in a survey to which 8804 registered nurses responded. Item response theory models designed for ordinal manifest variables were used to evaluate construct validity and identify potential redundant items. A standard confirmatory factor analysis was performed to verify the latent dimensionality established in the original version, and a more exploratory factor analysis without restrictions is included to determine dependency between items and to identify separable dimensions. The measure of sampling adequacy shows that the data are well suited for factor analyses. The latent dimensionality in the original version is confirmed in the Norwegian translated version and the scale reliability is high for all dimensions except 'Demands for Hiding Emotions'. In this homogenous sample, eight of the 28 dimensions are found not to be separate dimensions as items covering these dimensions loaded onto the same factor. Moreover, little information is provided at the low and high ends of exposure for some dimensions in this sample. Of the 86 items included, 14 are found to be potential candidates for removal to obtain a shorter Norwegian version. The established Norwegian translation of COPSOQ III can be used in further research about working environment factors and health and wellbeing in Norway. The extended use of the instrument internationally enables comparative studies, which can increase the knowledge and understanding of similarities and differences between labour markets in different countries. This first validation study shows that the Norwegian version has strong statistical properties like the original, and can be used to assess work environment factors, including relational and emotional risk factors and resources available at the workplace.

Factors Affecting to Work-Life Balance of Accountants: Evidence from Sri Lanka

Managing an appropriate balance between work and life has been an unending challenge for accounting professionals. The study aims to find out the impact of work environment, job burnout and demographic differences on the work-life balance of accounting professionals in Sri Lanka. The questionnaire was self-administrated and snowball sampling method was used. Data analysis was performed considering the mean, ANOVA test, Levene’s test for equality of variance and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. It was found that most accounting professionals in Sri Lanka don’t have a proper work-life balance. Work Environment factor had a positive impact on the work-life balance. The job burnout factor had a negative impact on the work-life balance. Further, there isn’t a difference in the work-life balance perspectives of male and female accounting professionals. The age of accounting professionals had no impact on work-life balance. And the marital status of accounting professionals had no impact on their work-life balance.

Work Environmental Factors and its Impact on Employee Productivity: The Mediating Role of Employee Commitment

Employee efficiency is vital to an organization’s success and sustainability. As such, the work environment can significantly influence employee productivity, either positively or negatively. Recognizing the importance of employees, top-performing organizations prioritize creating a supportive workplace, given that employees spend a substantial portion of their lives performing work-related tasks. Conversely, unsuitable, and unfavourable work environments can contribute to job-related stress. This study investigates the work environment factors that affect employee productivity and explores how these elements can boost employee performance. Data was collected through a survey of 300 randomly selected staff members from three tertiary institutions Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development (AAMUSTED), Kumasi Technical University (KsTU), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST)) in the Ashanti Region of Ghana to test the conceptual framework. The findings revealed a positive relationship between the workplace environment and employee commitment, suggesting that employee commitment partially strengthens the impact of the workplace environment on employee performance. This study offers practical insights for academic institution management, emphasizing the need to enhance workplace environmental conditions to facilitate effective academic work within these institutions. Keywords: Work environment, employee productivity, employee commitment, employee efficiency

Trait anxiety and depressive rumination mediate the effect of perceived childhood rearing on adulthood presenteeism.

Productivity loss in the workplace due to physical or mental health problems, which is called presenteeism, leads to large financial losses. Personal and work environment factors, as well as physical and mental illnesses are associated with presenteeism, but the detailed underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the effects of perceived childhood rearing on the presenteeism of adult workers, and the mediating effects of trait anxiety and depressive rumination. In 2017 and 2018, a cross-sectional paper-based survey was conducted, and written consent from 447 adult workers was obtained. Demographic information and results from the Parental Bonding Instrument, trait anxiety of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y, Ruminative Responses Scale, and Work Limitations Questionnaire were surveyed. Multiple regression analyses and structural equation modeling were conducted. The low perceived quality of rearing from parents in childhood, i.e., low care and high overprotection, indirectly worsened current presenteeism via trait anxiety and depressive rumination. Presenteeism was directly worsened by trait anxiety and depressive rumination, and the low perceived quality of rearing from parents directly affected trait anxiety and depressive rumination, and trait anxiety affected depressive rumination. The results of this study clarified the long-term influences of the low perceived quality of rearing experienced in childhood on adulthood presenteeism via trait anxiety and depressive rumination. Therefore, assessing the quality of childhood rearing, trait anxiety, and depressive rumination of individuals may help to elucidate the causes of presenteeism in the workplace, and how to manage it effectively.

Factors associated with poor mental health during mandatory home work: a cross-sectional study in university staff

BackgroundDuring the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, a total lockdown of universities was implemented by the government in Belgium. University staff was required to work at home. The purpose of the study was to identify factors associated with poor mental health in university staff during mandatory home work.MethodsMental well-being of 702 university employees was assessed by need for recovery after work and presence of burnout symptoms. Following factors were considered: personal factors (gender, age), professional status, specific home work environment factors (quiet place to work, taking care of ill or old people, number of children < 12yrs. at home, family member at risk for Covid-19), work-private life balance and worries about long- and short-term work situation. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds ratios for the presence a high need for recovery and burnout symptoms.ResultsThe presence of a high need for recovery and the presence of burnout symptoms were significantly associated with poor work-private life balance (OR 5.14 and 2.80, respectively), no quiet place to work (OR 3.23 and 2.00, respectively) and being worried about long-term work situation (OR’s increasing with increasing degree of worries). Being able to discuss the worries with the supervisor was only significant with a decreased risk of burnout symptoms for the lowest level of discussability with the supervisor. Following factors were not associated with both mental health outcomes: professional status, being worried about short-term work situation, taking care of ill or old people, number of children < 12yrs. at home and having a family member at risk for Covid-19.ConclusionsWhen working at home special attention should be paid to work-private life balance and the presence of a quiet place to work. Additionally, in the case of mandatory home work in university personnel, specific worries about long-term work situation should be tackled. Universities and/or governments should provide measures to ensure an extension of research deadlines and, if applicable, job security.

Effects of Interventions to Prevent Work-Related Asthma, Allergy, and Other Hypersensitivity Reactions in Norwegian Salmon Industry Workers (SHInE): Protocol for a Pragmatic Allocated Intervention Trial and Related Substudies.

Workers in the salmon processing industry have an increased risk of developing respiratory diseases and other hypersensitivity responses due to occupational exposure to bioaerosols containing fish proteins and microorganisms, and related allergens. Little is known about effective measures to reduce bioaerosol exposure and about the extent of skin complaints among workers. In addition, while identification of risk factors is a core activity in disease prevention strategies, there is increasing interest in health-promoting factors, which is an understudied area in the salmon processing industry. The overall aim of this ongoing study is to generate knowledge that can be used in tailored prevention of development or chronification of respiratory diseases, skin reactions, protein contact dermatitis, and allergy among salmon processing workers. The main objective is to identify effective methods to reduce bioaerosol exposure. Further objectives are to identify and characterize clinically relevant exposure agents, identify determinants of exposure, measure prevalence of work-related symptoms and disease, and identify health-promoting factors of the psychosocial work environment. Data are collected during field studies in 9 salmon processing plants along the Norwegian coastline. Data collection comprises exposure measurements, health examinations, and questionnaires. A wide range of laboratory analyses will be used for further analysis and characterization of exposure agents. Suitable statistical analysis will be applied to the various outcomes of this comprehensive study. Data collection started in September 2021 and was anticipated to be completed by March 2023, but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Baseline data from all 9 plants included 673 participants for the health examinations and a total of 869 personal exposure measurements. A total of 740 workers answered the study's main questionnaire on demographics, job characteristics, lifestyle, health, and health-promoting factors. Follow-up data collection is not completed yet. This study will contribute to filling knowledge gaps concerning salmon workers' work environment. This includes effective workplace measures for bioaerosol exposure reduction, increased knowledge on hypersensitivity, allergy, respiratory and dermal health, as well as health-promoting workplace factors. Together this will give a basis for improving the work environment, preventing occupational health-related diseases, and developing occupational exposure limits, which in turn will benefit employees, employers, occupational health services, researchers, clinicians, decision makers, and other stakeholders. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05039229; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05039229. DERR1-10.2196/48790.

The Influence of the Physical Work Environment, Work Motivation, and Work Discipline on Employee Performance

Employee performance is a measure of an employee either or proficient in completing his work. This research will examine various aspects of proficiency that affects the employee performance in an organization. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the physical work environment, work motivation, work discipline and other factors that influence employee performance. In the last two decades the terminology of human resources has been replaced by the terminology of human capital. Thus, organization’s members are no longer considered as a resource, but have shifted as capital or assets of the organization. The volatility of an organization are inseparable from the role of organizational members in realizing organizational goals. Good employee performance will affect the growth and development of an organization. The study critically reviews various aspects that effectively predict employee performance in the organization. Finally, this study proposes a model of the relationship between the physical work environment, work motivation, and work discipline, and the performance of employees in an organization.&#x0D; Keywords: physical work environment, work motivation, work discipline, employee performance, and organization