People Of Working Age Research Articles

Health Literacy and Antibiotic Use Behavior Among Working Age People in Muak Lek District, Saraburi Province

This cross-sectional study investigated the levels of health literacy, antibiotic use behavior, and their relationships among working age people in Muak Lek Sub-district, Muak Lek District, Saraburi Province. The research instrument was a self-administered health literacy and antibiotic use behavior questionnaire that was completed by 352 respondents. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient test produced reliability scores for these two question groups of .98 and .92 respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The study’s results revealed widespread usage of antibiotics by working age people, most of whom had moderate levels of health literacy. Health literacy was positively, but weakly, related to proper antibiotic use behavior at the .001 level of statistical significance (r = .268, p < .001). Working age people with low levels of health literacy were found to misuse antibiotics; however, rational use of such medications is important since incorrect use of drugs may have negative effects on health. This study provides data about antibiotic usage patterns to support public health professionals and relevant agencies in developing future preventive strategies.

Cognitive failures and hand/neck discomfort: Does smartphone addiction contribute?

Due to the emergence of smartphone addiction, as a 21th century phenomenon, investigating its subsequent negative effects is essential. The present study aims to test the predicting effect of smartphone addiction on musculoskeletal discomfort in hand/neck region as well as cognitive failures. A cross-sectional study was designed in which 533 smartphone users (60.2% females and 39.8% males; mean age: 35.9±11.0 years) participated. Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), Cognitive Failures Questionnaires (CFQ), Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Cornell Hand Discomfort Questionnaire (CHDQ) were used for data collection. Age, gender and occupational use of electronic devices were considered as socio-demographic factors. Independent t-test, chi-square, and logistic regression were used for data analysis. The overall prevalence of smartphone addiction was 37.9% among Iranian 20-61 years users. Addicted smartphone users were 3.3, 2.2, 2.9, and 2.8 times more likely to develop musculoskeletal discomfort in right hand, left hand, neck, and cognitive failures than non-addicted smartphone users. High occupational use of electronic devices predicted right-hand discomfort (by 2.6 times) as well as cognitive failures (by 3.4 times). Women were significantly more likely to develop all the studied outcomes. Age did not predict any of the studied outcomes. Addiction to smartphones can lead to a sharp rise in the prevalence of neck and hand discomfort, as well as cognitive failures, particularly among working age people. This is concerning issue that requires effective preventive and corrective measures. Developing behavioral approaches to address this problem can help reduce its impact on society.

Long Covid autonomic syndrome and his impact on workability: results of observational prospective study and 1-year FU in patients admitted to hospital with COVID19

Abstract Long-COVID19 has been recently associated with long-sick leave and unemployment. We will present recent data obtained by a prospective observational study conducted during the 2nd wave of the pandemic in Italy to assess the time course of Long-COVID19 autonomic syndrome in working age population and its impact on patient’s work ability. The patients were consecutively enrolled at the time of their hospital discharge and were followed-up for 1 year. Clinical data and work ability have been collected at 1, 6, and 12 months after hospital discharge in our out-patient clinic. Data on Long-COVID19 autonomic syndrome occurrence in working-age and the effects on work ability will be presented and discussed. Long-COVID19 autonomic syndrome occurred in one in three working-age people and was still evident 6 and 12 months after the acute infection resolution. This was associated with a significant reduction in the work ability. Timely recognition of long-COVID19 autonomic syndrome and its potential impact on work ability represents important steps in the prevention of long-term disabilities among active working adults.

Future patterns of health inequalities in the population of England to 2040: a microsimulation study

Abstract Introduction The existence of wide inequalities in health across England is well-documented. Our research adds to this evidence on inequalities in self-reported health by describing current patterns and projecting future patterns of inequality in diagnosed illness across multiple conditions by deprivation. Methods We used the IMPACTNCD microsimulation model that simulates a close-to-reality synthetic population of adults in England from 2019 to 2040. This model combines individual-level data on demographics, health and mortality from linked administrative data for primary and secondary care with survey responses on individual-level risk factors and epidemiological evidence on the associations between risk factors and chronic illness. This model can be adapted for other countries based on data availability. We used the Cambridge Multimorbidity Score (CMS) as our multimorbidity measure. This assigns a weight to 20 common long-term conditions based on individuals’ healthcare use and their likelihood of death. We further focus on “major illness” which corresponds to a CMS greater than 1.5. Results In preliminary results, we project that health inequalities are not projected to improve between 2019 and 2040. In 2019, the difference in the average time spent without major illness between the most and least deprived 10% of areas in England was 10.4 years. This is projected to remain largely unchanged at 10.7 years (8.8, 11.7). We also find that in 2019, the share of working age people living with major illness in the most deprived 10% of areas in England (14.6%) was more than double the rate seen in the least deprived 10% of areas (6.3%). In 2040, we project these rates to remain largely unchanged at 15.2% (13.0%, 17.6%) and 6.8% (5.4%, 9.1%) respectively. Discussion On current trends, health inequalities are projected to persist into the future. This has significant implications not just for population health but for labour supply and wider economic growth. Key messages • If current trends in risk factors continue into the future, existing wide inequalities in diagnosed illness in England are projected to persist onto 2040. • With significant disparities in major illness among the working-age population, this has implications not just for population health but for labour supply and wider economic growth.

Do older adults need technological innovation? Analysis of the needs and opportunities with regard to new technologies on the example of Poland

Aim. The aim of the study was to discuss the question of whether seniors are inter- ested in technological innovations and whether technological innovations appearing on the market are attractive to seniors. Concept. New technologies appearing on the market are aimed at a wide audience. Their purpose is to improve daily life, quality of life, safety and assistance. Seniors are a specific target group, varying in age, functional and cognitive ability and economic ca- pacity. The problems of senior citizens are a challenge to create technological innovations to improve their quality of life with examples from Poland. Results. In the daily life of older people, it is difficult not to notice various forms of support. These include health and safety, independence, communication, but also edu- cation and development. Not all older people will use new technologies, due to various reasons and barriers. Developers and innovators should consider the needs of seniors and meet the requirements of tools for this age group. However, in this age of rapidly advancing technology, it is important to remember that the current generation of young and working-age people will learn to use innovations and, as elderly, will already be us- ing technology on a daily basis.

Role of SIRT-1 Gene in The Development of Diabetic Retinopathy

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has had a consistent increase in global prevalence. A common microvascular disease associated with diabetes is diabetic retinopathy (DR). As a complex, progressive, as well as asymptomatic neurovascular consequence of DM, DR is the leading cause of vision impairment and blindness in working-age people. The presence of retinal neovascularization classifies diabetic retinopathy (DR) as proliferative, non-proliferative, or diabetic macular edema. Aim of the Study: to evaluate the level of expression of mRNA sirt1- gene in cases of type 2 DM that have retinopathy or vulnerable to it. Patients and Methods: In this research, 60 cases (15 patients with diabetic retinopathy, 15 diabetic cases without retinopathy (PDR), and 30 non-diabetic controls) were recruited. SIRT1 mRNA expression from the two groups was analyzed. Notably, patients with DR exhibited a decrease in the expression of SIRT1 mRNA. ELISA was also used to measure the levels of IL-17 expression in the serum. The results showed that the sera of people with DR had higher levels of IL-17 expression than the sera of healthy people. Results: The findings of this research indicate that imbalanced IL-17 & SIRT1 expression levels may play a role in the etiology of DR, with SIRT1 potentially exerting a protective effect by suppressing IL-17 production.

Parenthood as a disappearing determinant of adulthood

The article is of an analytical nature. It was developed based on scientific, familiological, mainly pedagogical, sociological and psychological literature. The aim of the article is to analyse the concept of parenthood /parenting in the context of social changes and transformations in the understanding of parenthood/parenting by young adults. The main research problem of the theoretical analyses undertaken here is to answer the question of whether parenthood is a disappearing determinant of adulthood. The article presents demographic and social problems related to the decreasing number of children being born and of working-age people planning procreation. It presents changes in the way of thinking about family and parenthood that have occurred in Poland over the last century, and especially the last 30 years. It shows the dissemination of new family forms (DINKS) and voluntary childlessness, postponement of adulthood, delayed adulthood, and prolonged cohabitation with parents (referred to as “boomeranging”). The reader may become acquainted with the issue of the readiness of young adults for parenthood and parenting. The basic determinants of adulthood, including parenthood, are described here. Despite the changes mentioned, parenthood and parenting still retains an important place in the development of young adults. It can also be described as an important attribute of adulthood. However, it may only be concluded that parenthood has ceased to be an obligatory determinant of adulthood. The theoretical considerations presented here may provide inspiration for undertaking research among young adults. The problems presented also encourage educational reflection – how to support young people in their preparation for adulthood, including parenthood and parenting.

Інноваційні рішення як джерело розвитку агробізнесу

The article examines the role and prerequisites for using innovative solutions to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of modern agribusiness. The article examines the role and prerequisites for using innovative technologies to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of modern agribusiness. Searching for scientific and practical solutions focuses on analyzing current trends, opportunities, and challenges associated with implementing innovative solutions in agribusiness. It is highlighted that global trends in the development of critical economic factors (labor, capital, technology) create both new opportunities and threats for the development of companies. It is substantiated that the reduction of working-age people threatens the development of rural areas and the provision of agricultural enterprises with labor. It is proved that most of the labor processes carried out in agricultural companies today require manual skills. The current trends in labor shortages in agricultural companies are highlighted, which is compensated for by the growth of labor productivity, but its level, due to the relatively low provision of enterprises with material and technical resources, still does not allow organizing agricultural business at the level corresponding to the leading countries. During the study, the methodology of theoretical generalization, as well as analysis and synthesis, was used, which allowed us to deepen and structure the understanding of the transformative potential of innovative technologies in agriculture at the present stage of development of innovative technologies. It has been found that innovative technologies play a crucial role in increasing the efficiency, competitiveness, and sustainability of agribusiness by optimizing production, and improving the transparency and traceability of operations and processes. Keywords: innovative technologies, agribusiness, agriculture, agricultural production, shortage of personnel, threat of unemployment, labour processes, introduction of innovations, efficiency, competitiveness.

The burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among working-age people in the Western Pacific Region, 1990–2019: an age–period–cohort analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study

BackgroundThe growing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in younger populations, particularly those of working age (15–64 years), has become a public health concern. Being diagnosed at a younger age implies a greater likelihood of accruing disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) later in life due to potential progression to conditions such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aims to analyze NAFLD prevalence trends over three decades globally, regionally, and nationally, with a focus on age, period, and birth cohort associations.MethodsGlobal, regional, and country time trends in the prevalence of NAFLD among working-age people from 1990 to 2019: Age-period-cohort analysis based on Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 estimates and 95% uncertainty interval (UI) of NAFLD prevalence in the working age population was extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2019. Age-period-cohort models were used to estimate the prevalence within each age group from 1990 to 2019 (local drift, % per year), fitted longitudinal age-specific rates adjusted for period bias (age effect), and period/cohort relative risk (period/cohort effect).ResultsThe global age-standardized prevalence (ASPR) of NAFLD increased significantly from 1990 (14,477.6 per 100 000) to 2019 (19,837.6 per 100 000). In the Western Pacific, there were 42,903.8 NAFLD cases in 2019, 54.15% higher than in 1990. The ASPR also increased significantly in the region over the past three decades. At the national level, Palau had the highest ASPR while Brunei Darussalam had the lowest. Age-period-cohort analysis showed that in the Western Pacific, unlike globally, the risk of NAFLD declined after age 60–64 years. Relative to 1980–1989, incidence and DALY risks decreased but prevalence increased in subsequent birth cohorts. Future predictions indicate an upward trend in NAFLD burden, especially among women and medium (SDI) regions like China.ConclusionNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease imparts an immense health burden that continues to grow globally and in the Asia Pacific region. Our work highlights working age adults as an at-risk group and calls attention to socioeconomic gradients within Western Pacific countries. Upward future projections demonstrate that NAFLD prevention is an urgent priority.

Short-term effect of acupuncture dry needle in treatment of chronic mechanical low back pain: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

In today's industrialized world, between sixty and ninety percent of the working-age population experiences low back discomfort. Chronic mechanical low back pain (CMLBP), the most common ailment among working-age people in contemporary industrial society, causes a major economic burden due to the widespread use of medical services and the absence of work. For those suffering from persistent mechanical low back pain, this experiment aimed to assess the efficacy of using acupuncture dry needles in the short term. Our research included 30 individuals with nonspecific low back pain; their ages varied from 20 to 45. The participants were divided into two parallel groups using a random process: 15 individuals in group A had acupuncture treatment with a dry needle placed to specified locations on their backs, whereas 15 individuals in group B participated in muscle strengthening and stretching exercises. Both before and after therapy, researchers examined the lumbar range of motion (ROM) in four directions: flexion, extension, bilateral side bending, as well as pain intensity and functional impairment. We examined the data for normality and covariance homogeneity using the Shapiro-Wilk and Box's tests, respectively. The variables of interest that were investigated were compared across various test groups and measurement periods using a 2x2 mixed design-multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). We used a significance threshold of 0.05. When comparing the two groups after treatment, it was found that the flexion and extension range of motion increased significantly (p<0.05), while the pain intensity, bending to the right and left, and functional impairment decreased significantly (p<0.05). The results of multiple pairwise comparisons showed a noteworthy difference in pain severity, functional debility, and back ROM between the two groups before and after treatment (p<0.05), with group A showing an advantage over group B after treatment. Based on the study results, dry needle acupuncture may be a beneficial modality in treating chronic mechanical low back pain by relieving pain intensity, improving functional debility, and improving ROM.

Ageing, Poverty and Agency: Reconceptualising Resistance to Poverty among Older Adults

Abstract The experiences and daily lives of older adults living in poverty are underexplored topics in the literature. Specifically, the question of agency and how older people cope with poverty and resist it requires further investigation. Ruth Lister’s model is the theoretical foundation of this study, which emphasises individuals’ ability to be active agents in shaping their life stories. Lister’s renowned model of agency in poverty focuses on working-age people and is widely used by scholars. The current qualitative study expands on Lister’s theoretical articulation of agency by presenting the stories of twenty-seven older people living in poverty in Israel. The findings demonstrate how, under the social constraints of ageing, people tend to focus on the personal and local agency of survival because strategic and more political forms of agency are structurally inaccessible. These findings have practical implications. Social workers can play a crucial role in recognising older adults’ agency, standing with them in their struggles, advocating for them by addressing structural barriers and facilitating their access to resources. We also employ these findings to develop an expanded theoretical articulation of agency that incorporates agents and their respective social circles.

Switching to an Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant after Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Review.

Among working-age people, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema are currently considered the main causes of blindness. Nowadays, intravitreal injections are widely acknowledged as a significant milestone in ophthalmology, especially for the treatment of several retinal diseases, including diabetic macular edema. In particular, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents are typically the first line of treatment; however, monthly injections are required, at least, during the loading dosage. Notably, an intravitreal 0.7 mg dexamethasone (DEX) implant (Ozurdex®, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA) is considered a legitimate substitute treatment for diabetic eyes that have not responded to anti-VEGF treatment. In fact, clinical trials and real-life studies have demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of an intravitreal DEX implant in treating such conditions over a period of three to six months. For this reason, wisely selecting diabetic patients might be crucial to decreasing the load of injections in clinics and hospitals. The purpose of this review is to analyze the available scientific literature to highlight the benefits, efficacy, and clinical criteria for choosing whether to switch from intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy to an intravitreal DEX implant in diabetic macular edema.

Long-COVID autonomic syndrome in working age and work ability impairment

Long-COVID19 has been recently associated with long-sick leave and unemployment. The autonomic nervous system functioning may be also affected by SARS-CoV-2, leading to a chronic autonomic syndrome. This latter remains widely unrecognized in clinical practice. In the present study, we assessed the occurrence of Long-COVID19 Autonomic Syndrome in a group of active workers as well as the relationships between their autonomic dysfunction and work ability. This prospective observational study was conducted during the 2nd wave of the pandemic in Italy. Forty-five patients (53.6 ± 8.4 years; 32 M) hospitalized for COVID19, were consecutively enrolled at the time of their hospital discharge (T0) and followed-up for 6 months. Autonomic symptoms and work ability were assessed by COMPASS31 and Work Ability Index questionnaires at T0, one (T1), three and six (T6) months after hospital discharge and compared to those retrospectively collected for a period preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical examination and standing test were also performed at T1 and T6. One in three working-age people developed a new autonomic syndrome that was still evident 6 months after the acute infection resolution. This was associated with a significant reduction in the work ability. Recognition of Long-COVID19 Autonomic Syndrome may promote early intervention to facilitate return to work and prevent unemployment.

OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA – IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE AND HEALTH SYSTEM

Obstructive sleep apnea affects a large proportion of working-age people. It causes symptoms, physical and psychological consequences not only for patients but the entire health sector. Obstructive sleep apnea contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic diseases such as arte­rial hypertension, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, or diabetes. A lot of attention is paid to more accurate and patient-oriented diagnostic and treatment methods. Drug-induced sleep endoscopy is one of those instruments. Results of surgical treatment are generally better when surgery is performed on the basis of data collected via drug-induced sleep endoscopy. Also, com­paring the results of sleep endoscopy before and after surgery can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the procedures performed.

Developing a Work Accommodation Operating Model for Workplaces and Work Ability Support Services

Abstract Purpose Workplace accommodation can help employees with disabilities remain employed or access employment rather than leave the labor force. However, the workplace accommodation process is still poorly understood and documented. Aim The aim of this study was to develop a national operating model to make workplace accommodation interactive and procedural for workplaces and work ability support services and lower the threshold to making accommodations. Methods The collaborative development process was carried out by a multiprofessional expert team with eleven workplaces in the private and public sectors in Finland. The design of this study was conceptual and developmental. The development process of the operating model consisted of four phases: the orientation phase, the joint planning phase, the implementation advancement phase, and the instilling phase. Results The operating model has six stages: 1) identifying needs, 2) gathering knowledge, 3) exploring alternatives, 4) selecting solutions, 5) implementing solutions, and 6) monitoring and evaluating. The model defines the actions, roles, and responsibilities for each phase. To help implement the model, we published an information package, a guide, a planning formula, and a video animation in Finnish and Swedish. Conclusion The operating model is a tool that workplaces and work ability support services can use to help working-aged people remain employed or access employment. Future studies should determine the workplace-specific functionality of this model using implementation research.

Coronavirus disease 2019 infection among working-aged people with multiple sclerosis and the impact of disease-modifying therapies.

The risk of coronavirus disease 2019 among people with multiple sclerosis with different disease-modifying therapies is not well established. To investigate the occurrence of coronavirus disease 2019 and the remaining symptoms among people with multiple sclerosis and the associations with different disease-modifying therapies. Individuals aged 20-50 listed in the Swedish Multiple Sclerosis Registry were invited to participate in a survey in 2021. Information on reported coronavirus disease 2019 infection and remaining symptoms were linked to individual-level register data. The risks by disease-modifying therapy of having coronavirus disease 2019 or having remaining symptoms were estimated with logistic regression. Of the 4393 participants, 1030 (23.4%) self-reported coronavirus disease 2019 (749 confirmed and 281 suspected). The observed odds for coronavirus disease 2019 did not differ by disease-modifying therapy (p-values <0.05). The majority reporting coronavirus disease 2019 had fully recovered (68.5%), 4.2% were currently/recently sick, and 27.0% had symptoms remaining after 2 months. The most frequently reported remaining symptoms involved one's sense of smell or taste (37.0%), fatigue (20.0%), and breathing (12.0%). No statistically significant associations were observed between having remaining symptoms and the disease-modifying therapy. Despite the initial concerns of differing infection risks by MS treatments, we observed no differences in coronavirus disease 2019 occurrence or remaining symptoms among those who had coronavirus disease 2019. Nonetheless, exercising caution in interpreting our findings, it remains implicit that people with multiple sclerosis are particularly susceptible to infection and that lingering symptoms may persist beyond the initial infection.

Effects of Digital Health Literacy Program on Sufficient Health Behavior Among Thai Working-Age People With Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases.

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for more than 75% of deaths in Thailand, which is higher than the global average of 71%. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Digital Health Literacy (DHL) and Sufficient Health Behavior (SHB) Program on Thai working-age adults age 20 to 65 years with risk factors for NCDs (i.e., overweight and lacking physical activity), and compare the health literacy (HL) and SHB of participants living in urban and semi-urban areas at posttest. Using the lottery method, this one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design randomly selected 200 participants and assigned them to two equally sized groups. The data were gathered through surveys with an item discrimination power between .20 and .86 and a reliability of 0.94 and were statistically analyzed using t-test and F-test. The DHL and SHB Program comprises six sessions over a 12-week period, and activities designed to enhance knowledge of NCDs, HL, health communication, and health behavior modification. It was conducted by health care workers from urban and semi-urban public hospitals via Zoom using various digital toolkits such as YouTube, animations, infographics, role-play videos, clips, and e-books. At the posttest, the participants had higher HL (t = 2.67, p = .001) and SHB (t = 3.36, p = .001). There was a difference in SHB scores (F = 4.640, p = .032) between those living in urban and those in semi-urban areas, but no difference in HL scores (F = 1.436, p = .232). The DHL and SHB Program improved HL and SHB in Thai working-age adults with risk factors for NCDs in both urban and semi-urban communities. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2024;8(2):e93-e101.].

Effectiveness of the Coordinated Return to Work model after orthopaedic surgery for lumbar discectomy and hip and knee arthroplasty: a register-based study

ObjectivesThis study examined the effectiveness of an individualised Coordinated Return to Work (CRtW) model on the length of the return to work (RTW) period compared with a standard prescription of...

Social Security, Gender and Class: The impacts of the New Conditionality Regime on Unpaid Care and Paid Work

The introduction of Universal Credit, a new means-tested benefit for working-aged people in the UK, entails a significant expansion of welfare conditionality. Due to mothers’ disproportionate responsibility for unpaid care, women are particularly affected by the new conditionality regime for parents who have the primary responsibility for the care of dependent children. This article draws upon qualitative longitudinal research with twenty-four mothers subject to the new conditionality regime to analyse the gendered impacts of this new policy and whether there is variation in experiences according to social class. The analysis demonstrates that the new conditionality regime devalues unpaid care and is of limited efficacy in improving sustained moves into paid work. It also shows that the negative gendered impacts of the conditionality within Universal Credit are at times exacerbated for working-class mothers.

Mm9_circ_014683 regulates microglia polarization through canonical NFκB signaling pathway in diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is still the major cause of visual loss in working-aged people, one of the critical pathological processes are retinal microglia-mediated inflammation. Our previous study demonstrated that enhanced M1 microglial polarization was involved in retinal inflammation in DR, but the detailed mechanism needs further investigation. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important kind of noncoding RNAs involved in the regulation of various cell biological processes. Herein, the circRNA expression profiles of BV2 mouse microglia treated with or without glucose were detected, and a total of 347 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified in glucose-treated BV2 cells. The key circRNA mm9_circ_014683 increased after glucose stimulation. Inhibiting or overexpressing mm9_circ_014683 showed no effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of microglia. Inhibiting mm9_circ_014683 impeded M1 polarization and promoted M2 polarization, and overexpressing mm9_circ_014683 showed the opposite effect. A total of 216 differentially expressed genes were identified in mm9_circ_014683-knockdown BV2 cells, which were enriched in several signaling pathways, including the NFκB signaling pathway. Moreover, mm9_circ_014683 positively regulated the canonical, NFκB signaling pathway. Besides, mm9_circ_014683 was highly expressed in the retinal microglia of diabetic mice, and intraocular injection of Lv-circRNA inhibited M1 but enhanced M2 retinal microglial polarization. In conclusion, mm9_circ_014683 regulates microglial polarization through the canonical NFκB signaling pathway in diabetic retinopathy. This study may provide insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of DR.