Work Responsibilities Research Articles

The Effect of Spousal Social Support on Multiple Role Conflict in Married Early Adult Women

The conflict between roles and responsibilities in work and marriage has a significant impact on early adult women. Multiple-role conflict is a form of inter-role conflict in which the role pressures from the work and family domains conflict with each other in several aspects. Spousal social support is an important predictor of multiple-role conflict because it can help couples overcome obstacles and become happier. Thus, couples who receive help from friends or family can help reduce the stress and affective difficulties that daily routines produce. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is an effect of partner social support on multiple-role conflicts in married early adult women. The participants of this study were 150 married early adult women who were working in the Trenggalek district. The multiple-role conflict scale and spousal social support scale were constructed through factor analysis tests to obtain a fit model. Regression analysis showed that social support from spouses plays a significant role in multiple-role conflict, with a contribution of 4.9 percent.
 Keywords: kwEarly adults; Married women; Multiple role conflict; Spousal social support

What explains the gender gap in unpaid housework and care work in India?

AbstractMotivationAlthough women continue to bear an unequal burden when it comes to unpaid housework and care work regardless of the level of economic progress, a systematic analysis of the gender gap in terms of the time allocated to these responsibilities has not been carried out in the context of India so far, primarily due to the lack of national‐level data.PurposeThis article measures how the burden of unpaid housework and care work is shared between men and women and investigates the factors associated with the allocation of time.Methods and approachWe use the first nationally representative Time Use Survey (2019) data of India and employ Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition analysis to explain the gender gap in unpaid housework and care work.FindingsAfter accounting for individual characteristics and household factors, the regression analysis shows that women spend a little over three hours more per day on unpaid housework and 20 minutes more on unpaid care work than men. The decomposition analysis reveals that the differences in socioeconomic and demographic factors between men and women only contribute a small part of the average gender gap in unpaid housework and care work. In other words, most of the gap in unpaid work at home between men and women in India can be attributed to structural factors, including inadequate infrastructural support and social programmes to alleviate the burden of housework and childcare, as well as the prevalence of unobserved gender norms and practices that pin the responsibility of unpaid housework and care work on women.Policy implicationsTo achieve equitable distribution of unpaid work between women and men, there is a need to provide more opportunities for women to participate in remunerative paid employment. Infrastructural support and policies that can reduce the burden of time spent by women in day‐to‐day unpaid housework and care activities are crucial to reduce the gender gap.

Online on the frontline: A longitudinal social media analysis of UK healthcare workers’ attitudes to COVID-19 vaccines using the 5C framework

This paper explores vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the UK, where different COVID-19 vaccines were being rolled out through a national vaccination campaign from 2020 to 2022, consisting of a first and second dose programme. Through a mixed-method approach using qualitative discourse analysis and network analysis of Twitter data, we assessed HCW perceptions and views about the administration and delivery of COVID-19 vaccines in the United Kingdom (UK). We were also interested in exploring HCWs' personal experiences and attitudes towards taking COVID-19 vaccines themselves. We drew upon sociology, ethics, communication studies and used research methods concentrating on social media and media analysis. By employing the ‘5C framework’ of ‘confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, and collective responsibility’ we evaluated a longitudinal selection of tweets to capture relevant factors driving vaccination views and behaviours among HCWs. We found differing positions expressed about COVID-19 vaccines and policy during the first dose compared with the second, through a drop in confidence compounded by supply and access issues, as well the news of a vaccine mandate for HCWs by the UK government in 2021. HCWs asked calculation questions to the community or brought forward competing pieces of information about vaccine policy and guidelines. Constraint levels in access issues were noted, especially for those with work and caregiving responsibilities, and student nurses found they did not have equal vaccination access. HCWs also displayed collective responsibility on social platforms to both encourage vaccination and express concerns through the organisation of social action against vaccine mandates.

Constant connectivity and boundary management behaviors: the role of human agency

The surge of remote and hybrid work in the post-pandemic era has reinforced the blurred boundaries between work and nonwork responsibilities. Thus, how people manage the boundaries between work and nonwork domains has become more complicated. This study advances the work of previous studies on constant connectivity by focusing on how employees’ perception of constant connectivity might actualize their boundary management behaviors. By adopting affordances for practice perspective, our study focused on contextual factors, including IT/internet policies, informal social norms, and work flexibility, to investigate how these factors could influence employees’ perception of constant connectivity. This paper reports a two-phase study. In the first phase, we used sentiment analysis to rank 38 internet use policies of Australian universities, grading their strictness toward ICT/internet use. Next, building on the first phase, we interviewed 28 academics. We identified three perceptions of constant connectivity related to participants’ practices, including constant connectivity as a resource for practice, a challenge for practice, and duality for practice. We also found five distinct boundary management behaviors connected to three different perceptions.

Sociodemographic inequities in unscheduled asthma care visits among public assistance recipients in Japan: additional risk by household composition among workers

BackgroundPublic assistance programs aim to prevent financial poverty by guaranteeing a minimum income for basic needs, including medical care. However, time poverty also matters, especially in the medical care adherence of people with chronic diseases. This study aimed to examine the association between the dual burden of working and household responsibilities, with unscheduled asthma care visits among public assistance recipients in Japan.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included public assistance recipients from two municipalities. We obtained participants’ sociodemographic data in January 2016 from the public assistance database and identified the incidence of asthma care visits. Participants’ unscheduled asthma visits and the frequency of asthma visits were used as the outcome variables. Unscheduled visits were defined as visits by recipients who did not receive asthma care during the first three months of the observation period. Participants’ age, sex, household composition, and work status were used as explanatory variables. Multiple Poisson regression analyses were performed to calculate the cumulative incidence ratio (IR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of unscheduled visits across the explanatory variables. The effect of modification on the work status by household composition was also examined.ResultsWe identified 2,386 recipients at risk of having unscheduled visits, among which 121 patients (5.1%) had unscheduled visits. The multivariable Poisson regression revealed that the working recipients had a higher incidence of unscheduled visits than the non-working recipients (IR 1.44, 95% CI 1.00–2.07). Among working recipients, the IRs of unscheduled visits were higher among recipients cohabiting with adults (IR 1.90 95% CI 1.00–3.59) and with children (IR 2.35, 95% CI 1.11–4.95) than for recipients living alone. Among non-working recipients, the IRs of unscheduled visits were lower for recipients living with family (IR 0.74, 95% CI 0.41–1.35) and those living with children (IR 0.50, 95% CI 0.20–1.23). A higher frequency in asthma visits was observed among working recipients living with family.ConclusionsWorking adults cohabiting with children are at the greatest risk of unscheduled visits among adults receiving public assistance. To support healthy lifestyles of public assistance recipients, medical care providers and policymakers should pay special attention to the potentially underserved populations.

English Language Teaching (ELT) Appraisal in the Trifocal System of the Philippine Education - Basis for Policy and Advancement Program

This study explored the English Language Teaching appraisal of teachers in the trifocal Philippine education system in the Bicol Region as a basis for policy and advancement programs. This study used the descriptive-comparative-associational method using a content-validated and reliability-tested questionnaire. The frequency and percentage technique, weighted mean, Chi-Square, and Anova Test of Variance were used in the data treatment. Findings revealed that ELT teachers were predominantly females with 73.97%, CHED, 80.21%, DepEd, and 71.43% TESDA along age groups of early and mid-30s and 46 years above. They served the agencies for less than 10 years, mostly married. Professionally, these teachers were still pursuing post-graduate education and attending training. Along with appraisals on their professional and work responsibility, ELT Trifocal teachers very evidently performed their professional and work responsibilities; on the delivery system, respondents conveyed the mastery and application of theoretical and pedagogical knowledge; on their communicative competencies, they were classified as experts. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference among ELT teachers’ appraisal in the three systems (F–value 2.21< t-value 3.35; 5% level of significance). It follows that Philippine education has maintained an undeviating quality of ELT teachers regardless of which system of education they belong. The result showed no variations in ELT competencies despite differences in modalities, urgencies, and the attainment of quality education. Findings also unveiled that the ELT teachers’ appraisal and integration of ICT to language teaching are directly associated with their age, sex and civil status, and educational attainment. The higher the educational attainment, the higher the integration of ICT in language teaching. With these results, a policy development for the Professional Advancement Program in ELT was crafted.

POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER FOR MILITARY SERVANTS: THEORY, RESEARCH AND TREATMENT

Military service is associated with exposure to traumatic stressors, including war zone hazards, accidents, and other occupational hazards, which may place military personnel at increased risk for the developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The overall lifetime prevalence of PTSD among the world’s population varies between 10.0-11.3% for women and 5.0-6.0% for men. Among military veterans, the lifetime prevalence of the disorder is 13.4% and 7.7% for women and men, respectively.
 The United States Department of Veterans Affairs and the United States Department of Defense recommend a clinical methodology for the treatment of PTSD, which includes the following components: a diagnosis based on the criteria of the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” of the American Psychiatric Association; the presence of a high risk of harming oneself or others; functional status including duty and level of work responsibility; risk and protective factors; treatment history; medical history of the patient and his family. At the same time, joint decision-making with the patient is assumed, the key components of which are taking into account the patient’s preferences, educating the patient and his relatives with the concept of psychological trauma and the peculiarities of the course of PTSD, joint consideration with the patient of the advantages and disadvantages of available treatment options. The PTSD treatment process necessarily must be trauma-oriented and include the following types of psychotherapy: prolonged exposure, cognitive processing therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, brief eclectic psychotherapy, narrative exposure therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and written exposure therapy. For situations where clinicians are not trained in trauma-focused psychotherapy or when patients refuse to initiate treatment, pharmacotherapy or non-trauma-focused manualized psychotherapy that includes stress resistance training, life-focused therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy is recommended.
 Despite certain successes in the treatment of PTSD, important questions remain unsolved. First of all, there is a lack of clinical research to compare the effectiveness of the many available psychological treatments in general and for active-duty military personnel in particular. It is necessary to continue research in the field of precision medicine, which will make it possible to choose the most effective treatment for PTSD for each serviceman individually. To resolve these and similar issues, further long-term, consistent studies conducted on representative samples are needed.

What prevents universities from ‘building back better’? Fault lines in university structures of care during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Universities may have coped with the COVID-19 pandemic, but we argue there are still important lessons to be learnt from that experience of coping. In this paper, we explore whether universities could improve what they do, rather than just returning to pre-lockdown ways of working. We do this by analyzing a series of interviews with staff, recorded during the lockdown in the UK, using Tronto’s political theory of care. This analysis does not suggest that universities simply need to be more caring; it shows, instead, that they were already full of complex and overlapping caring activities. What staff accounts highlighted, however, were the fault lines between responsibilities for academic work and the tasks of caring; the competing priorities staff faced, between work, home and self; and how the burden of caring work was (and still is) unfairly distributed, with consequences for the wellbeing of staff. We conclude by suggesting that better-integrated caring practices are needed, and that developing these will require paying attention to the labour it takes to sustain academic work, and taking responsibility for helping the often-overlooked people who do this.

Reconciling Paid Work and Informal Caregiving Among Older Adults: Implications for Work Interference With Family.

Many older adults who combine paid work and informal caregiving responsibilities are often in work arrangements that differ from their preference. There is reason to believe that such work status incongruence may lead to work interference with family (WIF). In response, many governments have policies that support flexible work arrangements (FWA) to help individuals manage work and family commitments. This paper examines whether work status preferences contribute to WIF for older adults who combine work and care and whether the use of flexible work arrangements moderates this relationship. The study included 610 informal caregivers (aged 55-70 years) in paid employment who participated in either the 2018 or 2020 waves of the New Zealand Health, Work and Retirement study. Using a simple moderation analysis with demographic controls, the effects of work status preferences and FWAs on WIF were estimated. After controlling for confounds, significant main effects were found for both work status preferences and flexible work arrangements on WIF. The moderation analysis revealed that involuntary part-timers using flexible time-off arrangements reported lower levels of WIF. However, other types of flexible work arrangements did not moderate the relationship between work status preferences and WIF. These findings suggest that work status preferences can contribute to WIF, but not all types of flexible work arrangements alleviate it. Policy initiatives designed to reduce WIF for those combining work and care should consider accounting for differences in the work status preferences of older workers.

Examining Relationships Among Leadership Behaviors, Demographic and Program Factors, and Resilience in Physical Therapy Professional Education Program Directors.

Physical therapy professional education program directors (PDs) face stress associated with work roles and responsibilities, which can cause burnout and job turnover. Burnout and turnover in physical therapy education PD positions are influenced by inexperience, insufficient compensation, decreased support, heavy workloads, difficulty hiring and retaining faculty, and internal conflict. Program directors also receive insufficient training in their roles. Individuals with greater resilience, or the ability to face adversity with positive outcomes, may be more resistant to stress, burnout, and turnover. Therefore, this study's purpose was to explore the relationships among leadership behaviors, demographic and program factors, and resilience in physical therapy PDs. Of the 600 physical therapy PDs invited to participate in the study, 126 directors completed the survey (21% response rate). The survey included demographic questions, the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X), and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Correlational analyses were used to investigate relationships among leadership behaviors, demographic and program factors, and resilience. Participants included 43 physical therapist and 82 physical therapist assistant PDs (79.4% female and 20.6% male participants; mean age, 52.0 ± 8.3 years; mean years in role, 7.3 ± 6.9 years). Mean MLQ-5X scores showed that participants primarily used transformational leadership (TFL) behaviors. The mean CD-RISC-10 score for participants was 33.06 (±4.10). Analysis revealed statistically significant positive relationships between all TFL behaviors and resilience. Exploratory regression analysis revealed that 3 leadership behaviors and one demographic factor may contribute to resilience in participants, although the proportion of variance was modest (39%). This is the first study to offer insight regarding the relationships between leadership behaviors and resilience in physical therapy PDs. These results may help lay the foundation for future research in this area, with the goal of decreasing burnout and job turnover through increased resilience.

Sustainability of GUINÉ-BISSAU-Application of the action of Standards ISO 9001, 14001, 26000 and 45001

Sustainability represents one of the greatest challenges of the millennium. Many countries have already implemented ISO standards on Management, Quality, Environment and Occupational Safety and Health systems. In Guinea-Bissau, the poor quality of management, forest deforestation, the extinction of several species of fauna and flora, the difficulties of collecting and treating waste, the non-compliance by companies with occupational safety and health standards, and the lack of business ethics in the process of operationalizing the activities of companies, aroused the interest in showing the relevance of the implementation of ISO standards - Quality Management (9001), Environment (14001), Safety and Health at Work (45001) and Social Responsibility (26000) in this country. The implementation of ISO standards in Guinea-Bissau will oblige organizations to comply with quality standards that will contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of Guineans and the sustainability of the planet.

Factors influencing pharmacists' participation in continuing education activities in the United Arab Emirates: insights and implications from a cross-sectional study

BackgroundContinuing professional development (CPD) is essential for pharmacists to maintain and enhance their knowledge and skills. The purpose of this research was to collect data about the perception of pharmacists in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) towards CPD and identify factors that motivate or hinder their participation in different types of CPD activities.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 322 pharmacists who completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed their demographic characteristics, CPD preferences, motivators and obstacles to attending CPD programs, and perceived learning outcomes.ResultsParticipants’ average age was 33 years (mean = 30.6, SD = 5.97), and the range of years, since they graduated from a pharmacy degree program was 18 years (mean = 10.9, SD = 4.8). More than half of the participants were female; 198 (61.5%) and 193 (59.9%) of them were married. The study found that married pharmacists (AOR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.266–0.939, P value = 0.031), older participants (AOR = 0.232, 95% CI 0.266–0.939, P value = 0.04), and those who graduated longer than 16 years ago were less likely to attend live CPD events (AOR = 0.454, 95% CI 0.22–0.924). However, participants who worked up to 15 h had higher odds of attending live CPD events (AOR = 3.511, 95% CI 1.117–11.039, P value: 0.026). In addition, female pharmacists were less likely to participate in computer/internet-based continuing education than male pharmacists (AOR = 0.038, 95% CI 0.293–0.965, P value = 0.038). It also revealed that pharmacists who were not motivated by the topic of the CPD activity had a higher chance of attending computer/internet-based format (AOR = 2.289, 95% CI 1.198–4.371, P value = 0.012). In contrast, those who did not report the long distance to the CPD site as a hindrance had a lower likelihood of attending online internet-based CPD (AOR = 0.548, 95% CI 0.319–0.941, P value = 0.029).ConclusionsThis study is the first to explore pharmacists’ predictors of attending different CPD activities. These predictors are gender, age, marital status, experience since graduation, working hours, family barriers, work responsibilities, interest in the presentation topic, and the long travel distance to the site. These findings suggest that pharmacists have unique challenges and motivations regarding continuing education and that tailored approaches may be necessary to encourage participation.

Impact of work overload as a job stressor on employees intention to leave: The mediating effect of work-family conflict in a Sri Lankan apparel sector organisation

Purpose- This article investigates the impact of work overload and work-family conflict as job stressors on employees' intention to leave in the Sri Lankan apparel sector, focusing on the mediating effect of work-family conflict. The study addresses concerns over high employee turnover rates among machine operators in the sector. Methodology- The study collected primary data through a self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 106 machine operators working in a selected factory in the western province of Sri Lanka. The research adopted a cross-sectional quantitative survey design, and data analysis was performed using the SPSS PROCESS macro. Findings- The study revealed that work overload positively influenced work-family conflict, indicating challenges in balancing work and family responsibilities. Further, work overload increased employees' intention to leave, suggesting its detrimental effects on employee motivation and job satisfaction. Work-family conflict serves as a partial mediator in the relationship between work overload and turnover intentions, playing a crucial role in transmitting adverse effects, leading to increased turnover intentions. Conclusion- This research demonstrates the combined effects of work overload and work-family conflict on employee turnover intentions within the Sri Lankan apparel sector context. The findings highlight the importance of addressing work-related demands and resources to enhance job outcomes, such as employee turnover, in compliance with the Job Demands-Resources model. These insights provide practical implications for implementing strategies that promote work-life balance, reduce turnover intentions and enhance both employee and organisational performance. Keywords: Work overload, work-family conflict, employee turnover intentions, job stressor, Sri Lankan apparel sector. JEL Codes: J28, J63, J81

Suraj Kumar: balancing career, family, and self

Learning outcomes This case study is best suited for courses in career management, stress management, work–life management or science of well-being in organization behavior (OB) or human resources management (HRM). This case study is targeted at the MBA or executive development programs. The learning outcomes of this case study are as follows: to analyze the challenges in balancing Suraj Kumar’s (the protagonist) work–life balance situation and identifying the main causes of such a conflict. What are some strategies that could be used to address these issues? To develop a plan to balance work responsibilities with family and personal life. What specific actions could he take to achieve this balance? To design a training program for employees that addresses work–life balance issues. What topics would you cover in the training, and what methods would you use to deliver the content? To create a proposal for a flexible work arrangement program that an organization could offer to its employees. What would be the benefits of this program, and how would it be implemented and managed? To develop a business case for why an organization should prioritize work–life balance for its employees. What are the potential benefits of doing so, and how can the organization measure the impact of its efforts? Case overview/synopsis This case study discusses conflicts due to competitive priorities that people face in balancing the pressures, roles and responsibilities between their professional life (careers) and their personal life, and the trade-offs that they make across these multiple aspects of their lives. This case study revolves around Suraj Kumar, a successful consultant, who was offered a promotion as the executive director for the social sector. This promotion would require extensive travel and time away from his family. Kumar was struggling to balance his work responsibilities with his family life and his involvement with the Smile and Shine Foundation, which supports the education of children from economically weaker sections of society. He was reflecting on his past and present and trying to figure out how to prioritize his commitments while also achieving his personal and professional goals. Complexity academic level This research has shown that a case discussion and role-play can be effective for a less experienced audience. Instructors can provide multiple perspectives to stimulate reflection and debate. For executive MBA or executive development programs, a self-reflection exercise is recommended. Participants in these programs may have personal experience dealing with or may know others who have dealt with work–life balance issues, making self-reflection a valuable tool. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 6: Human resource management.

Work-Life Integration for Academic Surgeons

This Viewpoint discusses the time surgeons spend juggling work and life responsibilities by presenting a brief survey of academic surgeons who tracked their time use for 1 week.

Selection into maternity leave length and long-run maternal health in Germany

Abstract Existing literature shows the importance of maternity leave as a strategy for women to balance work and family responsibilities. However, only a few studies focused on the long-run impact of maternity leave length on maternal health. Therefore, how exactly they are related remains unclear. We examine women’s selection into different lengths of maternity leave as a potential explanation for the inconclusive findings in the literature on the association between maternity leave and maternal health. This study aims to unravel the association between maternity leave length and mothers’ long-term health in Germany. Drawing on detailed data from the German Statutory Pension Fund (DRV), we estimated the association between maternity leave length and sick leave from 3 years following their child’s birth for 4,243 women living in Germany in 2015 by applying discrete-time logistic regression. Our results show a negative relationship between maternity-leave length and long-term maternal health, likely driven by negative health selection. Long maternity leaves of more than 24 months were associated with worse maternal health in the long run, while a positive association emerged for vulnerable women with pre-existing health problems.

Who gets to choose: a global perspective on gender, work and choice in the post-pandemic workplace

PurposeCompared to the years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, more workers today seemingly have choice over where, when and how they do their work. However, gender inequalities at work and at home persist, which may impact perceptions of choice. Thus, researchers must investigate the potential impact of gender and domestic responsibilities on perceptions of work-related options, including perceptions of workspace choice. Design/methodology/approachUsing an original dataset with workers in North America, South America, Europe and Asia (N = 3,147), the authors conducted logistic regression analyses to explore whether workers felt they had a choice in where they do their work (workspace choice). In addition to gender, the authors considered the effect of domestic responsibilities (childcare and housework) on worker perceptions of workspace choice.FindingsIn the paper's initial regression, the authors found that men (OR: 1.24; 95%CI 1.04–1.48) as well as workers reporting that a partner was responsible for all or most of the housework (OR: 1.80; 95%CI 1.34–2.40) and childcare (OR 1.51; 95%CI 1.09–2.09) reported feeling a greater sense of workspace choice. Simultaneously, follow-up regression analyses found that women and men whose partners had a greater share of domestic responsibility had amplified perceptions of choice. However, surprisingly, men who claimed primary responsibility for domestic work also reported more choice over workspace.Originality/valueUsing an international sample, the authors explore gender inequities in worker perceptions of workspace choice. The authors' findings suggest that domestic responsibilities interact with gender in interesting ways, leading to differences in perceptions of choice in the post-pandemic workplace.

АНАЛИЗ ФАКТОРОВ, АССОЦИИРУЮЩИХСЯ С УХУДШЕНИЕМ КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ И ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ПОСЛЕ ОПЕРАЦИИ ПО КОРРЕКЦИИ ПРИОБРЕТЕННЫХ ПОРОКОВ СЕРДЦА

Introduction. The assessment of factors associated with the deterioration of the quality of life (QOL) and emotional state after heart surgery suggests the possibility of their timely elimination and, as a result, a faster return to working capacity and socialization of a patient with acquired heart disease. Target. Identification of factors affecting the deterioration of QoL and emotional state of patients undergoing surgical correction of acquired heart valve defects in the postoperative period. Materials and methods. The study included 103 patients (median age 60.0 years [51.0; 66.0]) from November 2020 to October 2022 who underwent surgical correction of mitral valve disease or in combination with correction of aortic valve disease and /or tricuspid valves. To assess the level of QOL, patients filled out the questionnaire "Shot Form-36 health status survey" (SF-36), to assess the emotional state of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) before surgical treatment, on the 7th, 30th day, a year later after the intervention. Results. According to regression analysis, the presence of preoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) was associated with a decrease in the physical component of health according to the SF-36 questionnaire by B-factor = -6.39; p=0.002 before surgery, and B-factor = -10.92; p=0.03 one week after the operation, as well as with a decrease in the mental health component on the 30th day (B-coefficient = -12.66; p=0.006). With an increase in age by 1 unit, the initial level of the physical component of health decreased by B-coefficient = -0.21 (p=0.014). There was an association of males with levels of anxiety (B-value = 3.58; p=0.002) and depression (B-value = 3.04; p=0.002) assessed before and one week after surgery: B-value = 2.34; p=0.03 and B-factor=2.47; p=0.02, respectively, as well as with a higher level of anxiety after a month (B-factor = 2.79; p=0.03). Patients were divided into groups with the presence (group 1) or absence (group 2) of pulmonary hypertension (PH) before surgery according to echocardiography. On the 7th day after the operation, group 1 noted an improvement in mental health (MH; p=0.03), regardless of the increase in the intensity of the pain syndrome (BP; p=0.005). Patients without PH noted a worsening of QoL in terms of self-service and freedom of movement (PF, p=0.04), because of the pain syndrome they considered their QoL to be lower compared to preoperative (BP; p=0.03). On the 7th day in the group without PH, the median level of anxiety decreased by 3 points, in the group with PH only by 1.5 points (p=0.04). The level of depression by the 30th day decreased to 1 point in both groups, remaining stable throughout the year. A month later, the PH group noted an increase in physical capabilities (PF; p=0.03), an increase in overall health (GH; p=0.003), an increase in physical (p<0.0001) and mental (p=0.006) components of QoL , and patients without PH indicated a limitation in the performance of work duties (RP, p=0.047). During the year after the operation, the PH group noted a decrease in pain intensity (BP, p=0.003), an improvement in the emotional state (RE, p=0.04), an increase in the possibility of self-care and free movement (PF, p=0.00008), work responsibilities (RP, p=0.001), which increased overall health (GH, p=0.002), vitality (VT, p=0.0002) and increased social contacts (SF, p=0.001). The quality of life of patients from the group without PH improved only on three points with less significant dynamics: physical functioning (PF, p=0.03), pain intensity (BP, p=0.01) and vital activity (VT, p=0.04 ). Conclusion. The factors influencing the deterioration of QoL and emotional state after surgical correction of PPS are: the presence of preoperative AF, male gender. And the presence of PH before defect correction is associated with better QoL and emotional status after the intervention compared to patients without PH, which may be due to a more severe condition before surgery in people with PH.

ENTREPRENEURIAL CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR PRODUCTIVE AGE HOUSEWIVES

The creative economy industry can develop and progress with support from the Creative Economy Agency owned by the Government of Indonesia. The role of a woman is to take care of the family and manage household activities. When a woman owns or manages a business enterprise, the majority of locals seem to question her ability to strike a balance between work and family responsibilities. The significant function of micro, medium and small enterprises in Indonesia is owned and managed by women entrepreneurs. Respondents of productive age housewives in the DIY Upload community to illustrate and produce Human Resource Development Strategies for the formation of a strong Entrepreneurial Character in productive age housewives. The Strategy of Cooperation with External Parties and the Strategy for Increasing Management and Business Knowledge are strategies needed to improve weaknesses and seize opportunities for the formation of a Resilient Entrepreneurial Character.

Prevalence and correlates of meeting the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines among a sample of Canadian parents during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundParents’ own movement behaviours can influence those of their children, thus contributing to the health and well-being of the whole family. Parents experienced a shift in work and childcare responsibilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. This may have led to a reduction in their healthy movements. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of meeting vs. not meeting the individual and combined recommendations within the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for adults among a sample of Canadian parents during the second wave (October 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsParents of children aged 5–17 years (n = 1,477) responded to a cross-sectional survey conducted in October 2020. A total of 21 self-reported correlates, including parental and child demographics, and change in family movement behaviours/characteristics were assessed. Parental movement behaviours were reported and classified as meeting or not meeting each of the guidelines. Associations between correlates and meeting each of the guidelines were examined using multiple logistic regression.ResultsThe proportion of parents who met the moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), recreational screen time, sleep duration and combined guidelines were 21.2, 51.0, 66.1, and 9.1%, respectively. Being a parent ≥ 45 years old, having a university education, and higher levels of outdoor play were associated with meeting the combined guidelines. Age, dwelling type, family hobbies, and outdoor play were associated with meeting the MVPA recommendation. Employment status, education level, dog ownership, children’s age, family physical activity, and levels of distress were associated with meeting the recreational screen time recommendation. Geographical region, dwelling type, and levels of distress were associated with meeting the sleep duration recommendation.ConclusionsFew Canadian parents were meeting the combined 24-hour movement guidelines recommendations for MVPA, recreational screen time, and sleep six months into the COVID-19 pandemic. Several socio-demographic, behavioural, and COVID-19-related factors emerged as significant correlates of meeting vs. not meeting the individual and/or combined recommendations within the guidelines. The findings provide various avenues for which to target future movement behaviour interventions and guideline adoption for parents.